UnitIndustrialRobot工业机器人
- 格式:ppt
- 大小:545.05 KB
- 文档页数:53
工业机器人结构原理工业机器人是一种可以执行特定任务的智能机械设备。
它们通常由多个主要部分组成,包括机械结构、控制系统、执行器和传感器。
机械结构是工业机器人的重要组成部分,它为机器人提供了身体支持和运动能力。
通常,机械结构由连杆、关节和框架等元件组成。
连杆用于连接不同的关节,使机器人能够执行复杂的动作。
关节是机器人的可动连接点,允许机械结构在不同的方向上旋转或运动。
框架则起到支撑作用,保证机械结构的稳定性和可靠性。
控制系统是控制工业机器人动作和功能的核心。
它通常由硬件和软件两部分组成。
硬件包括中央处理器、存储器、输入输出接口和电源等。
中央处理器是控制系统的主要组成部分,它接收和处理来自传感器的输入信号,并发送指令给执行器。
存储器用于存储程序和数据,以及记录机器人的状态信息。
输入输出接口用于与外部设备进行通信,例如与计算机或其他机器人进行数据交换。
电源则提供所需的能量给控制系统。
执行器是机器人的执行部件,它们负责将控制系统发送的指令转化为动态的机械运动。
常见的执行器包括电动机、液压缸和气动缸等。
电动机是最常用的执行器,它通过电能转变为机械能,驱动机械结构实现各种动作。
液压缸和气动缸则利用液体和气体的压力来实现运动控制,适用于一些需要大力矩或冲击力的操作。
传感器是机器人的感知装置,它们用于获取外部环境的信息,并将信息传递给控制系统。
常见的传感器包括光电传感器、压力传感器、温度传感器和力传感器等。
光电传感器用于检测物体的位置和距离,压力传感器用于测量力的大小,温度传感器用于监测环境的温度变化,力传感器则可测量机器人施加的力。
综上所述,工业机器人的结构原理包括机械结构、控制系统、执行器和传感器等多个方面。
这些部分相互配合,使机器人能够进行复杂的动作和任务执行。
《工业机器人》课程教学大纲课程编号:0803701069课程名称:工业机器人英文名称:Industrial Robot课程类型:专业任选课总学时:24 讲课学时:20 实验学时:4学分:1.5适用对象:四年制机械设计制造及其自动化专业、四年制机械电子工程专业先修课程:高等数学、线性代数、工程制图、机械工程材料、理论力学、材料力学、机械原理、机械设计、电子技术、电工技术、机械制造基础、互换性与技术测量、液压与气压传动、机电传动控制、单片机原理及应用、自动控制原理等。
一、课程性质、目的和任务工业机器人课程是机械设计制造及其自动化专业各专业方向的一门主要专业技术课,是一门多学科的综合性技术,它涉及自动控制、计算机、传感器、人工智能、电子技术和机械工程等多学科的内容。
其目的是使学生了解工业机器人的基本结构,了解和掌握工业机器人的基本知识,使学生对机器人及其控制系统有一个完整的理解。
培养学生在机器人技术方面分析与解决问题的能力,培养学生在机器人技术方面具有一定的动手能力,为毕业后从事专业工作打下必要的机器人技术基础。
二、教学基本要求本课程以机器人为研究对象,以工业机器人为重点。
学完本课程应达到以下基本要求:1.了解机器人的由来与发展、组成与技术参数,掌握机器人分类与应用,对各类机器人有较系统地完整认识。
2.了解机器人运动学的基本概念,能进行简单机器人的位姿分析和运动分析。
3.了解机器人本体基本结构,包括机身及臂部结构、腕部及手部结构、传动及行走机构等。
4.了解机器人控制系统的构成、编程语言与编程特点。
三、教学内容及要求绪论0.1 概述0.1.1 机器人的由来与发展0.1.2 机器人的定义0.1.3 机器人技术的研究领域与学科范围0.2 机器人的分类0.2.1 按机器人的开发内容与应用分类0.2.2 按机器人的发展程度分类0.2.3 按机器人的性能指标分类0.2.4 按机器人的结构形式分类0.2.5 按坐标形式分类0.2.6 按控制方式分类0.2.7 按驱动方式分类0.2.8 按机器人工作时的机座可动性分类0.3 机器人的应用0.3.1 工业机器人的应用0.3.2 操纵型机器人的应用0.3.3 智能机器人的应用0.4 机器人的组成与技术参数0.4.1 机器人的基本组成0.4.2 机器人主要技术参数0.4.3 MOTOMAN UP6型通用工业机器人技术参数0.4.4 MOTOMAN EA1400型弧焊机器人技术参数第一章机器人运动学1.1 齐次坐标与动系位姿矩阵1.1.1 齐次坐标1.1.2 动系的位姿表示1.2 齐次变换1.2.1 旋转的齐次变换1.2.2 平移的齐次变换1.2.3 复合变换1.3 机器人的位姿分析1.3.1杆件坐标系的建立1.3.2 连杆坐标系间的变换矩阵1.4 机器人正向运动学1.4.1 斯坦福机器人运动方程1.4.2 PUMA-560机器人运动学方程1.5 机器人逆向运动学1.5.1 逆向运动学的解1.5.2 逆向运动学求解实例第三章机器人轨迹规划3.1 机器人轨迹规划概述3.1.1 机器人轨迹的概念3.1.2 轨迹规划的一般性问题3.1.3 轨迹的生成方式3.1.4 轨迹规划涉及的主要问题3.2 插补方式分类与轨迹控制3.2.1 插补方式分类3.2.2 机器人轨迹控制过程第四章机器人本体基本结构4.1 概述4.1.1 机器人本体的基本结构形式4.1.2 机器人本体材料的选择4.2 机身及臂部结构4.2.1 机器人机身结构基本形式和特点4.2.2 机器人臂部结构基本形式和特点4.2.3 机器人的平稳性和臂杆平衡方法4.3 腕部及手部结构4.3.1 机器人腕部结构基本形式和特点4.3.2 机器人手部结构基本形式和特点4.4 传动及行走机构4.4.1 机器人传动机构结构基本形式和特点4.4.2 机器人行走机构结构基本形式和特点第五章机器人控制系统5.1 机器人传感器5.2 驱动与运动控制系统5.3 控制理论与算法第六章机器人编程语言与离线编程四、实践环节课内实验工业机器人实验安排在课程内,开设3个实验:1.焊接机器人自动跟踪系统认知实验2学时2.MOTOMAN机器人焊枪动作与编程实验2学时五、课外习题及课程讨论为达到本课程的教学基本要求,课外习题不应少于8题。
Industrial RobotsThere are a variety of definitions of the term robot. Depending on the definition used, the number of robot installations worldwide varies widely. Numerous single-purpose machines are used in manufacturing plants that might appear to be robots. These machines are hardwired to perform a single function and can’t be reprogrammed to perform a different function. Such single-purpose machines do not fit the definition for industrial robots that is becoming widely accepted. This definition was developed by the Robot Institute of America:A robot is a reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.Note that this definition contains two words reprogrammable and multifunctional. It is these two characteristics that separate the true industrial robot from the various single-purpose machines used in modem manufacturing firms. The term reprogrammable implies two things: The robot operates according to written program, and this program can be rewritten to accommodate a variety of manufacturing tasks.The term “multifunctional”means that the robot can, through reprogramming and the use of different end-effectors, perform a number of different manufacturing tasks. Definitions written around these two critical characteristics are becoming the accepted definitions among manufacturing professionals.The first articulated arm came about in 1951 and was used by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commissions in 1954 , the first programmable robot was designed by George Devol. It was based on two important technologies:(1)Numerical control (NC)technology(2)Remote manipulator technologyNumerical control technology provided a form of machine control ideally suited to robots.It allowed for the control of motion by stored programs, these programs contain data points to which the robot sequentially moves , timing singals to initiate action and to stop movement, and logic statement so allow for decision-marking.Remote manipulator technology allowed a machine to be more than just another NC machine. It allowed such machines to become robots that can perform a variety of manufacturing tasks in both inaccessible and unsafe environments. By merging these two technologies, Devol developed the first industrial robot, an unsophisticated programmable materials handing machine.The first commercially produced robot was developed in 1959. In 1962 , the first industrial robot to be used on a production line was installed by General Motors Corporation. This robot was produced by Unimation, A major step forward in robot control occurred in 1973 with the development of the T-3 industrial robot by Cincinnlti mihcrcon. The T-3 robot was the first commercially produced Industrial robot controlled by a minicomputer.Numerical control and remote manipulator technology program the wide-scale development and use of industrial robots, but major technological developments do not take place simply because of such new capabilities. Something must provide the impetus for takingadvantage of these capabilities. In the case of industrial robots, the impetus was economics.The rapid inflation of wages experienced in the 1970s, tremendously increased the personnel costs of manufacturing firms. At the same time, foreign competition became a serious problem for U.S. manufacturers. Foreign manufacturers who had undertaken automation on a wide-scale basis, such as those in Japan, began to gain an increasingly large share of U.S. and world market for manufactured goods, particularly automobiles.Through a variety of automation techniques, including robots, Japanese manufacturers, beginning in the 1970s, were able to produce better automobiles more cheaply than non-automated U.S. manufacturers. Consequently, in order to survive, U.S. manufacturers were forced to consider any technological developments that could help improve productivity.It became imperative to produce better products at lower costs in order to be competitive with foreign manufacturers. Other factors such as the need to find better ways of performing dangerous manufacturing tasks contributed to the development of industrial robots. However,the principal rationale has always been, and is still, improved productivity.One of the principal advantages of robot is that they can be used in settings that are dangerous to humans, Welding and parting are examples of applications where robots can be used more safely than humans. Even though robots are closely associated with safety in the workplace, they can, in themselves, be dangerous.Robots and robot cells must be carefully designed and configured so that they do not endanger human workers and other machines. Robot work envelops should be accurately calculated and a danger zone surrounding the envelope clearly marked off. Red flooring strips and barriers can be used to keep human workers out of a robot’s work envelop.Even with such precautions it is still a good idea to have an automatic shutdown system in situations where robots are used. Such a system should have the capacity to sense the need for an automatic shutdown of operation, fault-tolerant computer and redundant systems can be installed to ensure proper shutdown of robotics systems to ensure a safe environment.工业机器人关于机器人术语的定义多种多样。