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鲁奇炉（Lurgi Gasifier）是一种用于煤炭气化的加压移动床反应器，它的主要工作原理可以概括如下：1.物料输入与预处理：o煤炭首先经过破碎和干燥处理，然后通过煤锁（Coal Lock）按批次定量送入炉体内部。
煤锁通过充气加压与炉内压力保持一致，防止气体泄漏。
2.炉体结构与过程分区：o鲁奇炉为立式圆筒形结构，炉体内壁有水夹套，可利用高温煤气产生的热量生产蒸汽。
煤炭自上而下通过炉膛，依次经过干燥区、干馏区、气化区、部分氧化区和燃烧区。
3.气化过程：o在炉内的不同高度，煤炭与气化剂（通常包括氧气、水蒸气以及其他可能的还原气体）逆流接触。
o干燥区去除煤炭中的水分；干馏区发生热解作用，释放挥发分；气化区煤炭在一定的温度和压力下与气化剂反应生成合成气（主要成分为氢气H2、一氧化碳CO以及其他烃类和惰性气体）。
o部分氧化区煤炭与氧气进一步反应，提供热量维持气化反应所需的高温条件；燃烧区则是剩余未完全反应的煤炭和气体被充分燃烧。
4.排渣过程：o固态排渣鲁奇炉中，煤灰在气化完成后形成固态灰渣，通过炉底的炉箅排出到灰斗。
o液态排渣鲁奇炉在下部增设了喷嘴，高速喷入氧气和蒸汽，使煤灰在高温下熔融形成液态渣，通过调整急冷室与炉缸的压力差，控制液态渣以适宜的速度排出，避免排渣口堵塞。
5.能量回收与环境保护：o鲁奇炉的设计考虑了能源的高效利用和环保要求，炉壁夹套产生的蒸汽可用于发电或者作为工艺蒸汽循环使用。
o产生的煤气经过冷却、净化处理，分离出的产品包括清洁煤气、硫磺等，同时对废水和废气进行处理，以达到环保排放标准。
总的来说，鲁奇炉通过一系列复杂的化学反应将固体煤炭转化为便于运输和使用的合成气，实现了煤炭资源的有效转化和利用，同时也是洁净煤技术的重要组成部分，在煤化工产业中具有重要地位。
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两种煤气化方式的比较代红亮【摘要】对两种气化工艺( Lurgi和 GSP)从气化方法、煤种、进料要求、气化炉构造及国产化、生产能力、气化炉开车、废水处理方面进行了比较。
通过比较，GSP气化比Lurgi气化具有气化煤种更广泛、煤种适应性更强、气化炉构造简单、维修量小、生产能力大、开车快、废水量少且处理系统简单的优点， Lurgi气化比GSP气化具有简单的进料要求、高的设备国产化率、低的氧气消耗、运行业绩较多的优点。
为选择气化方式时提供参考。
%Two gasification process ( Lurgiand GSP ) were Compared through gasification methods, coal, feed requirements, gasifier structure and localization, production capacity, start-up and effluent treatment. There were some advantages in GSP gasification technology better than in Lurgi gasification, such as coal universality, more stronger adaptability, simple structure of gasifier, small amount of maintenance, large production capacity, driving fast, a small amount of waste water and easy processing, etc. . However, in terms of simple feed requirements, high equipment localization rate, low oxygen consumption and operational performance, there were more advantagesin Lurgi gasification. A reference for choosing way of gasification was provided.【期刊名称】《广州化工》【年(卷),期】2015(000)002【总页数】4页(P126-128,158)【关键词】煤气化;固定床;流化床;气流床【作者】代红亮【作者单位】中电投伊犁能源化工有限责任公司霍城煤制气分公司，新疆伊宁835000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ546我国是一个缺油、少气、煤炭资源相对丰富的国家，如何利用我国煤炭资源的优势发展煤化工已成为大家关心的问题。
Update on New Project and Design Developments With the Lurgi FBDB Gasification and Integrated Process OfferPietro Di Zanno, Max-Michael Weiss, Frederic Judas, Alexander Schriefl2010-10-01GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHPresentation OutlineA Glance at Air LIQUIDE and Lurgi Market Drivers for Energy and Gasification Why Gasification? Status of Lurgi’s FBDB and Environmental Compliance - World Bank Standards - Environmental Regulations – Country Specifications - Emissions - Efficiency The Carbon Dioxide Issue Jindal Steel’s – Angul Project Tenaska’s US SNG Project Shenhua / Datang MTP® Projects Conclusions2GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHAir Liquide at a GlanceAir LIQUIDE S.A.Founded in 1902 (Lurgi in 1897) Sales 2009 = €12 Billion Present in 75 Countries, Expansion in Asia Ongoing New Target Geographies – Middle East > 43,000 Employees 8 R&D Centers1902 - 1990 1991 - 2000 2001 - 20083GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHAir Liquide and Lurgi Engineering Sites at a GlanceAir LIQUIDE Cryogenics1 500 People - 6 Engineering CentersLURGI1 300 People - 6 Engineering CentersChampigny Houston VitryFrankfurtKrakowHarima Shanghai Hangzhou Houston Delhi HyderabadJohannesburgGTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbH4Lurgi at a Glance Technology Solutions OrientedEngineering - Studies, Basic, Detail and Procurement Methanol, DME, MTPGasification Rectisol, CTC, CTL, SNG, Biofuels HydrogendMember ofProject Mgm’t, Turn Key ExecutionResearch & DevelopmentTechnology Technologyand and EPC Expertise EPC ExpertiseTotal TotalCustomer CustomerFocus Focus Innovative Solutions Innovative Solutions Single SingleLine Line Responsibility ResponsibilityTechnical Services5GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHMarket Drivers Energy and GasificationGTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHMarket Drivers World Energy Consumption by Energy SourceBillion Tons of Coal Equivalent30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0• Even in 2050, Gas and Oil Will Still Supply ~ 50% of the World’s Energy Demand • Coal Consumption Shows the Strongest Increase19.427.114.2 12.6 10.4 7.9ca. 50%ca. 50%19701980Coal1990Petroleum Natural gas2001Water power20202050Nuclear energyOther renewable energiesSource: BP (until 2001), World Energy Council7GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHMarket Drivers (Other)SUPPLYFossil Resources Are Limited? Renewable Policies, Competition, FragmentationAll Factors Are Driving Energy Costs UpDEMANDEnough to Serve All Citizens Equally Infrastructure Investment Efficiency PoliciesGTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHCLIMATEWaste and Emissions Endanger The Earth and Humankind GHG Regulation Systems8Lurgi’s Chemical Conversion FocusLurgi (GTL.F1)Carbon Issues!!!Lurgi Syngas Treatment(H2 + CO + CH4)Fischer-Tropsch or MeOH Based or other ProcessesO2CoalLurgi MethanationDRIFuels MeOH + Derivates Ammonia HydrogenSteel Production Natural Gas Grid9GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHTechnology Portfolio Chemical Conversion ProcessesRaw Material Residue Natural Gas Coal Biomass(Sulfur) Rectisol Stage 1SyngasSyngas PurificationProcessesFinal ProductsCO2Gasification FBDB/MPG(CO2) Rectisol Stage 2PSA / MembraneChemical Synthesis DME/MTP CO Cold BoxH2 for RefineriesMethanol SynthesisChemicalsN2 WashFertilizersReformingMethanationSNGPowerCO ShiftTurbine SynfuelsFischer-TropschAL and Lurgi CapabilitySyngas for DRI Sulfur Recovery Sulfur 10ASUGTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHTechnology Portfolio Chemical Conversion ProcessesRaw Material Residue > 100 FBDB Gasifiers > 75 Gasifiers > 26 POXs Natural > 14 ATRGas Coal Biomass 15 HMUs Reforming 133 CO Shift Units(Sulfur) Rectisol Stage 1SyngasSyngas Purification > 85 Rectisol Units> 2 DME Plants ProcessesFinal Products > 2 MTP CO2 PlantsGasification FBDB/MPGPSA / Membrane(CO2) Rectisol Stage 2Chemical Synthesis DME/MTP CO Cold BoxH2 for RefineriesMethanol Synthesis> 45 Methanol Plants Chemicals > 70 LNW PlantsFertilizersN2 Wash + H2MethanationSNG>409 ASU (Owned and Operated)CO ShiftTurbinePower 1 SNG Plant Synfuels150 SRUs AL and Lurgi CapabilitySulfur RecoveryFischer-TropschSyngas for DRIASU1 Large DemoSulfur 11GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHWhy Gasification?GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHRationale for GasificationCoal is More Dispersed in the World and Provides Countries With a Strategic Energy Security Component Gasification Produces a Valuable Synthesis Gas for the Production of Chemicals, Petrochemical, Fuels and Power Gasification Can Meet The Most Stringent Environmental Standards - World Bank Standards (for Financing Needs) - Country Specifications (for Permitting Requirements) - Gaseous, Water and Solids Emissions Helps in Dealing With the Carbon Dioxide Issue Lurgi’s Fixed Bed Dry Bottom Technology is Well Placed to Meet the Demands of the Market Place13GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHStatus of Lurgi FBDB GasificationGTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHFixed Bed Dry Bottom Process PackageSulfur ManagementElemental SulphurCO2 Rich Gas Gas Purification (Rectisol)Coal PreparationLurgi FBDB GasificationSyngasGas CoolingRectisol NaphthaAsh HandlingLiquid AmmoniaGas Liquor SeparationPhenosolvanNH3 RecoveryWaste Water TreatmentEffluent WaterPhenolsTar / Oil15GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHThe Lurgi FBDB Gasifier AdvantageProven OperationReferenced Forgiving Operation Beneficial for Low Value Coal SafeFinancially Secure InvestmentTrack Record On-stream Factor (Availability)High Conversion of CoalImportant as Coal Costs IncreaseLow Oxygen Need Valuable By-Products No Scale-up Risk(FBDB and Process Units)Process Performance Guarantees Environmental ComplianceWater Treatment World Bank Standards Application16GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHDevelopment of the FBDB GasifierNew Larger Size Being Worked OnCrude Gas ProductionAdvanced Control Systems Advanced Internal Shell Design New Coal Feed and Ash Extraction Mechanisms – Better Environmental Compliance Improved Agent Distribution Device Extended Maintenance Life(Nm3/h)/GasifierCoal T\HMark III SmallMark IV Mark ? New Medium Large17GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHLurgi FBDB Site ReferencesBeulah, North Dakota, USA USA 14 Gasifiers Dakota Gasification Company (DGC) Beulah, North Dakota China, Shanxi Tianji Coal Company 5 Gasifiers China, Henan Yima Coal Gasification 2 GasifiersSNG United StatesGasifiers India: 7d rs” l u a MeOH o e Inner Central C Asia Y s 0 t Mongolia c 1 e in CtL China j o Pr ed DRI & CtL 15 min India Indonesia o r t te p “U De be South AfricaSouth Africa – Secunda Sasol 80 Gasifiers18Gasifier Sites Potential SitesGTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHEnvironmental ComplianceGTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHEnvironmental Compliance Emission ReductionFBDB Gasifier – Gas Offtake and Coal Lock20GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHEnvironmental Compliance Water Treatment Technology – Solution is DevelopedBio – Treatment - Particular Care as Unusual High Concentration of Cyanides and Polyphenols Alternate to Produce 80% of Water at BFW Quality - Bio-treatment Followed by a Reverse Osmosis Specification of Water Effluent to Fulfill World Bank Standard Disposal of Heavy Metal Salts and De-watered Sludge to be Discussed (Finalization Design Basis)21GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHEnvironmental ComplianceSulfur Management Elemental SulphurStart-up EmissionsGas Purification (Rectisol)CO2 Rich GasCoal PreparationLurgi FBDB GasificationSyngasGas CoolingRectisol NaphthaFugitive EmissionsAsh HandlingLiquid AmmoniaGas Liquor SeparationWaste WaterEffluent WaterPhenosolvanNH3 RecoveryTreatmentPhenolsTar / OilLiquid Water Effluent Target: 80 % Re-use22GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHCarbon Dioxide IssuesGTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHThe Carbon Dioxide Issue?Air Liquide Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Lurgi Capture Technologies Enhanced Oil Recovery and/or Storage TransportHigh Ash CoalQuestions to Ask and Answer?What Limits Will be Imposed by When? Cost to Comply? Cost of Capture? How Much More Fuel Will I Need? What to Capture and Where in the Process? Large Volumes to Handle and How? Social Acceptance – Where/When? Business Model – Based on Application or Imposed? Government Support? Will it Be There? How? With Whom Do You Align Yourselves?24GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHCarbon Dioxide Rectisol® ’s Help“Coal Emissions Can be Recovered and Cleaned”The Preferred CO2 Removal System in Conjunction With FBDB Gasification is Lurgi Rectisol®All Known Standards for Air/Emissions Quality, EOR or Storage Can Be Fulfilled25GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHCarbon Dioxide Solutions Rectisol®, But More is RequiredMarket Demands – Not Yet Clear – Need to Have Alternatives for Projects, Applications or IndustrySpecific Project Such as Polygeneration Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) Power IndustryAlternative Designs for Syngas PurificationOngoing Improvement to Conventional Rectisol Step-Wise Improvements to “New” Rectisol DesignsRevitalized Technologies From Lurgi Portfolio Integration With Air LIQUIDE Technology PortfolioCryogenic and Permeation26GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHJindal Steel’s Angul ProjectGTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHJindal Steel Angul’s Project General InformationClientJindal Steel and Power Limited, New DelhiLocation of FacilityAngul, Orissa, IndiaApplicationSyngas for Direct Reduction of Iron – 225,000 Nm3/hCoal PropertiesAsh Content - ~ 35 to 40%Gas Liquor SeparationScope of Supply Basic and Detail Engineering Proprietary Equipment Supply Process Performance Guarantees Plant Commissioning Assistance Planned Start-UP2011FeaturesWorld’s First Integration of DRI and Coal Gasification Seven (7) Mark IV Lurgi Gasifiers Syngas Island to Produce Saleable Ammonia, Phenol, and Elemental Sulfur in Addition to Syngas28GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHTenaska’s US SNG ProjectGTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbHTenaska (2010) US SNG Project – “ X in 1 ”Sale of Equipment or Over the Fence Oxygen Supply PotentialFuel gas O2 To Gasifier Carbon DioxideO2SRU incl. OxyClaus®, LTGT & Aquisulf®SulfurHP Steam Acid Gas Raw Gas Tail Gas Cleaned GasCO-Shift + Gas CoolingShifted GasRECTISOL®MethanationSNG“Supplying Integrated Technology Solutions From Syngas to Product”.30GTC 2010 - October 31 to Nov. 3, 2010, © Lurgi GmbH31Lurgi (With BASF)Offers a Medium and High Temperature Methanation Process Decision to Use One or the Other Depends On:-Coal Quality and Gasification Technology UsedEntrained Flow Versus Fixed Bed Dry BottomASU Main Compressor Needs and Operating Philosophy-Steam Production Requirements (Flow and Pressure)-On-stream Factors DesiredLower Onstream Factor Favours High Temperature Process-Capital to Be Invested and its Cost-Operating Costs (Catalyst, Power, Water and Compression)-Integration of Process UnitsHigh Pressure Steam Production From Methanation Unit Need Not Be The Only SolutionMethanation Process Requires OptimizationShenhua / Datang MTP®Projects33CoalPoly-propylene PlantMTP ®PlantMethanol Plant471 kt/a Propylene~ 470 kt/a Polypropylene185 kt/a Gasoline41 kt/a LPGCoal GasificationSyngas Plant1.97 Mt/a11.3 Mio Nm³/y 470,800 Nm³/d1,667kt/a 4567 t/dTwo Complete Methanol to Propylene Complexes In ChinaShenhua, Ningmei –Rectisol, OxyClaus, Methanol, Propylene, Datang, Inner Mongolia –Rectisol, OxyClaus, Methanol, Propylene Shenhua / Datang MTP ®Projects Both in Start-Up ModeConclusions35The Lurgi Fixed Bed Dry Bottom Gasification is :Up to Meeting Market DemandsUp to World Bank Standards and Country Environmental Regulations The Solution for Carbon Dioxide Issues (With Rectisol and More) Integrated Solutions –“X in 1”Optimization“A Re-discovered Product For the Future!”ConclusionsThe EndFinEndePietro Di ZannoDirector Chemical Conversion Markets Lurgi GmbHTel. 49 (0)69 5808 1729pietro.dizanno@Max-Michael WeissDirector Gas Production Technologies Lurgi GmbHTel. + 49 69 5808 3452max-michael.weiss@The EndFinEnde。
