文化透视英语教程(English through culture)BOOK TWO Unit2answers for exercises

英语教学中的文化透视英语教学中的文化透视英语教学中的文化透视再如，在4月1日那天上课前，先跟同学开个玩笑，在孩子知道自己被愚弄后，向同学说明:Today is April Fools Day.然后连续介绍：四月一日是西方的民间传统节日愚人节，最典型的活动是大家相互开玩笑，用假话戏弄对方。

有的人把细线拴着的钱包丢在大街上，自己在暗处拉着线的另一端。

一旦有人捡起钱包，他们就出其不意地猛然把钱包拽走。

还有人把砖头放在破帽子下面搁在公路当中，然后等着看谁来了会踢它。

小孩们会告知父母说书包破了个洞，或者脸上有个黑点等大人俯身来看时，他们就一边喊着"四月傻瓜'。

由于全部的整蛊方案都是以轻松欢快为目的，所以大家都喜爱这种嬉戏。

此外，老师还可以通过收集和利用一些有关英语国家的物品和图片，让同学获得较为直接的文化学问。

利用电影、电视、幻灯片、多媒体，引导同学留意观看英语国家的社会各方面的状况，从而使同学受到了得体的交际力量。

3.注意文化差异，加强文化对比，提高文化意识熟悉和了解中西方文化差异不是一朝一夕能完成的，老师要依据英汉文化的差异和规律，在英语课堂中调整教学方案，突出体现英汉文化不同方面的训练，依据不同的教学目标传授相应的学习方法。

例如：Thank you这一司空见惯的词汇，以英语为母语的人是成天不离口的，即使一家人也不例外。

任何一位英语老师都会告知同学：在西方，各种赞美之词、问候之语，尽可能用"Thank you'来作为礼貌性的回答。

而在中国遇到同样的状况，你应当说"哪里，哪里'"我做的还不够'等诸如此类的虚心话。

所以老师要进一步让同学了解中西文化的差异：西方人一般比较坦率，他们认为对方赞扬是诚意诚意的，所赞扬的事是值得的，是理所当然应当接受的；而中国人比较含蓄，以虚心为传统美德，假如你像西方人那样接受对方的赞美，人们会以为你傲气，缺乏教养。

2013-2014（1）日语1101班第二外语教材参考：1.欧洲文化入门Brief Introduction to Western Culture：第一章：文化的定义，文化的类型，欧洲文化的源头与特点。

教学用4学时。

第二章：古希腊文化：历史背景、社会政治结构、文化构成、文化影响。

教学用2学时。

第三章：古罗马文化：历史背景、社会政治结构、文化构成、文化影响。

教学用2学时。

第四章：犹太教-基督教文化：犹太教与基督教的异同、圣经的形成与影响。

教学用4学时。

第五章：旧约：文本选读、历史意义与神学意义。

教学用2学时。

第六章：新约：文本选读、历史意义与神学意义。

教学用2学时。

第七章：中世纪文化：历史特征、教会发展、科学文学艺术建筑。

教学用4学时。

第八章：文艺复兴：社会经济基础、人文主义、文学艺术。

教学用4学时。

第九章：宗教改革：特点与意义、罗马天主教、希腊正教、基督新教。

教学用4学时。

第十章：启蒙运动的历史背景与成就、古典主义与浪漫主义、法国革命。

教学用4学时。

第十一章：马克思主义、达尔文主义、现实主义、自然主义、现代主义。

教学用4学时。

2.《文化透视英语》English through Culture第一册作者：何其莘童明. 29.20元ISBN: 9787560038162 出版社：外语教育与研究出版社， 2004年主要参考书：《文化透视英语教程教师用书》（第一、二册）. 何其莘/童明等著.外语教学与研究出版社,2005年3月，756004671。

3.An Introduction to Chinese Culture《中国文化概论》（英文版）ISBN：756242974X 作者：周仪出版社：重庆大学出版社出版日期：2003-9-14.An Outline Introduction to Britain and America《新编英美概况》，来安方，河南人民出版社，2002-8 ，19.00元《英美概况导读》，大象出版社，来安方，小本蓝色封皮辅助参考书出版日期：2001-01 ISBN：7534724996 版次：第三版页数：540页5.《新编跨文化交际英语教程》，许力生，主编上海外语教育出版社，2010.年8月ISBN: 9787544612593,40元6.《英美报刊阅读教程》（第3版）端木义万，南京大学出版社，2012年1月第1版7.《英语国家社会与文化入门》第三版, 朱永涛王立礼主编:高等教育出版社,2011年8.《英语国家概况》第二版English-Speaking Countries:A Survey 余志远组编：全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会，出版社：外语教学与研究出版社2008年7月1日27.80元ISBN: 9787560010946, 7560010946《英语国家概况自学辅导》余志远主编出版社：外语教学与研究出版社ISBN：7560015468/G.659出版日期：2007-8-11 定价：31.9元9.《新编实用英语综合教程》（第三版）第二册出版社高等教育出版社出版时间2012年12月。

Unit1种族或民族的传承就如性别和社会等级一样对塑造身份很重要，并且种族还能影响一个人的生活质量、教育机会和职场晋升。

长期以来美国社会挣扎着去面对和克服基于民族的种族主义和种族歧视问题。

远在内战开始前，美国各反奴隶制群体就开始反对奴役美国黑人并致力于废除全美奴隶制度的工作，不光是美国黑人因肤色和民族而遭受不公的待遇和歧视，这些群体还包括：19世纪被运到美国修建穿越全美铁路的中国人，19世纪后期为了寻求更好生活的欧洲移民，20世纪为了养家而赴美做苦力的日本人以及从北部移居美国的拉美人。

由于人们对种族，阶级和性别之间相互影响的意识增强，从小学到研究生各个层次的学校课程都包含了关于种族、等级和性别的内容或者说开设了致力于我们个人身份和个人历史重要成分的整套课程。

UNIT 2毋庸置疑，语言也是一种政治工具、手段，以及权利的证明。

它是个人身份的最鲜明而又最重要的特征: 它揭示了个人身份，使一个人与公众或社区的身份相关联或分离。

在某些特定的时间和地点，讲某种语言是危险的，甚至是致命的。

再或者，一个人也许和其他人说同一种语言，但是他说话的方式会使他的家世被暴露，或（也有可能正如他所期望的）被隐藏起来。

这一点在法国如此，在英格兰也更是如此：在那个潮湿小岛上的（占主导地位的）方言，使得英格兰人完全理解英格兰岛上所使用的英语，但对于其他岛外的人来说，却完全无法理解这种语言。

在英格兰开口讲话，就相当于（如果我可以用一句黑人英语来说的话）”把你的一切公诸于世”：你已经对人坦白了你的父母双亲，你的青年时代，你的教育背景，你的个人收入，你的自尊，甚至还有你的前途。

UNIT 4.除了立法之外，国会听证会在没有来自市民的群众团体的压力下是不可能取得任何成就的。

最终，你的信件、电话和传真才能成为反抗电视暴力的最好武器，并可以抑制犯罪，保障你在宪法第二修正案中的权益。

当你在电视节目中看到一些毫无意义而又不必要的暴力时，给相关的电视网络管理人写信，让他们了解你的感受。

文化透视英语教程教师手册. 1～2《文化透视英语教程教师手册. 1～2》文化透视英语教程教师手册. 1~2（以下简称教师手册）是一本由多位英语专家联合编撰的图书，旨在为英语教师提供有价值的建议和技巧。

该手册被广泛应用在大小学、菁英班和幼儿园中，也可以用于英语教学实践，以提高学生的英语口语能力。

首先，教师手册介绍了一个系统的英语教学模式，这种模式采用了更安全、更有效的方法，有效的利用了学生的时间和资源，表达出的重点内容更加清晰，词汇量也更大。

其次，教师手册中记录了大量的实用性教学经验，给教学过程中的组织、设计、实施等环节提供了有效的指引，帮助教师有效增强学生的英语表达能力，准备学生与英语环境相互交流。

此外，教师手册对英语教师的修养和教学规范也给出了明确的要求，在教学实践中应做到口语自然、熟练，给学生充足的探究空间，提出能够激发学生浓厚兴趣的问题，打造适合各年龄段学生的课程，有计划的给学生以指导和鼓励，努力把握学生的学习节奏、疏导学生的学习过程等等。

这些都是英语教师非常重视的内容，有助于学生快速熟悉英语环境，掌握英语的认知技能和表达技能，从而大大提高学生的英语口语能力。

最后，教师手册提供了一系列英语教学中重要的策略，给大家带来更多有用的信息和参考，帮助英语教师更好的掌握教学技巧，从而显着提高学生的英语口语表达能力，促进我们的英语教学工作的顺利实施。

综上所述，文化透视英语教程教师手册. 1~2可以帮助英语教师更好的掌握教学细节和方法，熟练掌握新的英语教学模式，有助于英语教师更有效的组织、设计、实施等英语教学活动，让学生更加顺利地掌握英语语言和文化，提高英语口语能力，大大改善学习英语的效率，是一本珍贵而开放的英语教学参考资源。

The Laws of Cyberspace: What Colleges Need to Know网络世界的法律：高校须知Continued incidents of misuse of the Internet on college campuses suggest that we need to reexamine our existing approaches to the problem. For the most part, colleges and the universities (much like legislators) have addressed misuse of the Internet as though it were an entirely new issue. In reality, however, it is simply a new form of an old problem: how to handle abuses of free speech and similar types of misconduct.大学校园里滥用互联网的现象层出不穷，这暗示我们必须重新审视一下现行的解决滥用网络问题的方法。

大多数情况下，学院和大学（还有立法者）把滥用网络作为一个新问题来讨论。

其实这只是换汤不换药的事：如何处理言论自由权的滥用和类似的不当行为。

Hardly anyone uses computers to compute anymore. Instead, we use them to communicate. Every day on our campuses, students and faculty and staff members use our computer systems and networks to disseminate far more texts and images than the New York Times, far more than NPR, and far more video than NBC. They are sending far more electronic mail than paper mail and engaging in far more electronic discussions than telephone calls. And their electronic messages have a far wider audience than any of the more traditional forms of communications. In effect, people on our campuses are acting as international publishers and broadcasters.如今，几乎没有人用计算机来计算，取而代之的是，我们用它来沟通交流。

Unit 2I. 1.at, as; 2.behind, at, of; 3.in, on, of, in (of); 4.of, of, of, in, of, by.II. 1. cannot be fully investigated, some profound hindsight, agree with;2. representing the sense of relief of, becoming a symbol, to pursue its Eurocentric vision ofexpansion, those who will become American citizens in the future;3. It seems that “freedom” cannot apply to those who are still unfree;4. may not have even understood the irony;5. recorded the moment with this drawing (or we can use Yunchao’s version: draw a picture inorder to catch (record) the moment);6. turned out to be a hoax;7. conceal/disguise American injustice.III.1. support -> align itself with2. concerns only -> only applies to3. as representatives of -> in the name of4. arrested -> picked up5. thousands of people fled their homes to a safer place -> people fled their homes to a saferplace by the thousands.IV.1. Examining layer after layer;2. result directly from;3. is doubly evident;4. Horrifying/Horrible/Terrifying/Terrible;5. looking passively/indifferently over;6. was encouraged/aroused by;7. decided to be innocent8. Hundreds of blacks fled…V.1-5. bacbc 6-10. adbaaVI.1. When we review the history of the twentieth century, we should thank /be grateful to those photographic journalists. It is they who captured many significant historical moments for us, and some of them even sacrificed/lost their lives for these / in the process.2. He was picked up as a suspect after the explosion. One reason was that he could notestablish an alibi and the second one was that his testimony/witness did not square with the facts3. The talk show at 11:30 p.m. attracts many audiences. The humorous and wittyconversations between the host and the guests often give the audiences a double take.4.The regulation of turning off the lights at 11 p.m. applies only to undergraduates.5. Who could believe that the President was innocent in this bloody racial riot? When thelocals attacked/raided the Chinese-owned stores and residences /living places by the hundreds, the police simply stood by.。

北京外国语大学1.《中式英语之鉴》Joan Pinkham 、姜桂华著，2000年，外语教学与研究出版社。

2.《英汉翻译简明教程》庄绎传著，2002年，外语教学与研究出版社。

3.《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》叶子南著，2001年，清华大学出版社。

4.《非文学翻译理论与实践》罗进德主编，2004年，中国对外翻译出版公司。

5.《非文学翻译》，李长栓著，2009年9月外语教学与研究出版社出版。

6.《非文学翻译理论与实践》，李长栓著，中国对外翻译出版公司。

广东外语外贸大学初试无参考书，以下为复试参考书目：1.《实用翻译教程（修订版）》，刘季春主编，中山大学出版社，2007年。

2.《英汉翻译基础教程》，冯庆华、穆雷主编，高等教育出版社，2008年。

3.《英语口译教程》，仲伟合主编，高等教育出版社，2007年。

4.《商务英语口译》（第二版），赵军峰主编，高等教育出版社，2009年。

5. 有关英语八级考试的书籍，以及英美政治、经济、文化等方面百科知识的书籍湖南师范大学暂无，复试科目为：听力、英语写作南京大学暂无，可用近年来国内出版的英语专业高级阅读、翻译、写作教材，以及任何大学语文教材南开大学暂无，参考《全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试指南》，外研社同济大学翻译硕士英语：暂无参考书，建议考生多阅读国内外英文报刊杂志，扩大词汇量，扩宽视野，培养中西文化比较意识。

汉语写作与百科知识：不设具体参考书目，希望考生关注时事，加强人文知识的学习和积累。

英语翻译基础：1.《文体与翻译》,刘宓庆,中国对外翻译出版公司,20072.《实用翻译教程》,冯庆华,上海外语教育出版社,20073.《翻译基础》，刘宓庆，华东师范大学出版社，2008西南大学1．《实用汉英翻译教程》，曾诚编，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。

2．《英译汉教程》，连淑能编著，北京：高等教育出版社。

中南大学翻译硕士英语，暂无英语翻译基础：1.《英汉—汉英应用翻译教程》，方梦之编，上海外语教育出版社，2004年2.《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》，叶子南编，清华大学出版社，2008年汉语写作与百科知识：1.《应用文写作》，王首程主编，高等教育出版社，2009年中山大学翻译硕士英语：1.英美概况部分参见《英语国家社会与文化入门》上、下册，朱永涛编，高等教育出版社，2005；2.其它部分不列参考书汉语写作与百科知识: 参照教指委公布的考试大纲北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语：不根据某一教科书命题英语翻译基础：1. Dictionary of Translation Studies 上海外语教育出版社（2004年）2.《翻译研究词典》外语教学与研究出版社（2005年）3.《英汉互译实用教程》武汉大学出版社（2003年）汉语写作与百科知识：不根据某一教科书命题北京师范大学1.庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。

文化透视英语教程第四册课程设计一、课程概述文化透视英语教程第四册是一本针对高中生的英语学习教材，主要旨在教授学生如何在语言学习过程中更好地了解英语国家的文化，使学生能够更好地交流和理解英语文化。

本课程分为20个单元，每个单元包括听、说、读、写四部分，并配有相关的课文及词语练习。

二、教学目标本课程旨在培养学生的目标语言交际能力，同时增进学生对英语国家文化的认识和理解。

1.语言知识目标•学生能够听懂和使用基本的旅游咨询语言；•学生能够用英语进行简单的口头和书面表达；•学生能够理解和运用一些常见的旅游用语和基本口头禅表达；•学生能够流利地阅读并理解一些旅游方面的文章。

2. 其他知识目标•学习并了解生活在英语国家的人民习惯和文化习俗；•培养学生跨文化交际能力和增进英语文化认识理解。

三、课程内容设计1.单元设计本教程共分为20个单元，每个单元包含以下内容：•课前预热：引导学生进入本单元的学习氛围；•重点短语/单词：学习本单元的重要词汇；•交际应用：学习本单元的交际应用能力；•阅读：阅读本单元的有趣文章，增进阅读理解；•写作：练习根据所学知识写出文章；•翻译练习：培养学生翻译能力。

2.教学方法本课程的教学方法旨在通过多种方式引导学生学习和运用所学知识。

课堂教学的基本形式是独立学习和分组合作学习，老师应该精心制定不同的教学活动和课堂游戏，以更加生动有趣地组织教学。

具体教学方法如下：•聆听和口语练习；•阅读和写作练习；•观看视频和影片；•分组合作和角色扮演。

3. 课程时间安排本课程的教学内容应当根据学校教学计划进行相应的时间安排，通常每个单元需要1至2周的时间完成。

四、教学时段本教程适合于高中英语教学中的第三年或第四年，通常为学生的高中二年级或高中三年级。

每周上课时间为6至8个课时，每个课时为45分钟。

五、教学建议英语教师需要定期评估学生的知识和技能，以便更好地指导学生的学习，提供多种的学习体验和实践。

对于学生：•建议使用课本、读书笔记和课外资料；•鼓励多语言练习，多参加英语听说训练，并能结合自己的背景参与到学习中；•提供自己进一步的学习建议和经验分享，建议结伴学习。

湖南师范大学硕士研究生入学考试自命题考试大纲考试科目代码：[719] 考试科目名称：英语综合一、考试形式与试卷结构1)试卷成绩及考试时间：本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。

2)答题方式：闭卷、笔试3)试卷内容结构第一部分: 人文知识填空题：20道题，每题1分，共计20分。

第二部分: 语言知识（1）选择填空题：15道题，每题1分，共计15分。

（2）改错题：15道题，每题1分，共计15分。

第三部分：语言技能（1）阅读理解题：10题，每题2分，共计20分。

（2）翻译题：2道题，每题15分，共计30分。

（3）写作题：2道题，每题25分，共计50分。

二、考试内容与考试要求1．考试内容（1）人文知识主要英语国家的地理、历史、现状、文化传统等。

（2）语言知识：词汇：词形变化、相似词形、词义辨析、搭配、惯用法等。

语法：动词的时体、语态、名词的数、各种短语、各种复合结构及意义等。

（3）语言技能阅读：取材自各类英文书籍和主流报刊、各约800个单词的文章2篇，文后各附5个问题，学生根据文章回答问题。

翻译：一段约250个字的中文和一段约250个单词的英文，学生进行英汉互译。

写作：取材自各类英文书籍和主流报刊的、同一主题但视角不同或观点相左的文章2篇，学生写一篇约150个单词的概要并就该主题自拟题目写一篇约700个单词的议论文。

2．考试要求（1）能比较系统地掌握主要英语国家社会与文化基本知识；（2）能熟练掌握常用词汇和语法基础知识；（3）能准确理解阅读材料的主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，理解字面意义和隐含意义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义，对所读材料的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法等进行分析；（4）能够准确理解英、汉两种语言并进行翻译转换；（5）具有较强的英文写作能力，包括语言运用能力、逻辑思维能力、创新思维能力等。

三、参考书目1．何其莘、（美）童明编：《文化透视英语教程》（1）（2）（3）（4），外语教学与研究出版社，2007年。

分类号学校代码！鳗鲤密级学号-20-**********翻译中的归化与异化——以《文化透视英语教程》为例ＤｏｍｅｓｔｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＦｏｒｅｉｇｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｒｎｌｌｒａｎｓｌａｔｌｏｎ－·－－ＡｃａｓｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆＥｎｇｌｉｓｈＴｈｒｏｕｇｈＣｕｌｔｕｒｅ指导教师姓名、职称直鎏塑塾撞湖南师范大学学位评定委员会办公室二０一一年五月’一一一ＤｏｍｅｓｔｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＦ０ｒｅｌｇｎｌＺａｔｌｏｎｌｎ，－ｎｌｒａｎＳＩａｔｌｏｎ－－·－ＡｃａｓｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆＥｎｇｌｉｓｈＴｈｒｏｕｇｈＣｕｌｔｕｒｅＡ砀ｅｓｉｓＳｕｂｍｉｔｔｅｄｔｏＦｏｒｅｉｇｎＳｔｕｄｉｅｓＣｏｌｌｅｇｅＯｆＨｕｎａｎＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＩｎＰａｒｔｉａｌＦｕｌｆｉｌｌｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＲｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓＦｏｒＴｈｅＤｅｇｒｅｅｏｆＭａｓｔｅｒｏｆＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＩｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔｉｎｇＢｙＹａｎｇＬｕＵｎｄｅｒｔｈｅＳｕｐｅｒｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆＰｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒＸｉａｏＹｕｎｃｈｕＣｈａｎｇｓｈａ，ＨｕｎａｎＭａｙ，２０１１摘要语言是文化的载体，而翻译将两种语言相互转换，传递文化信息，与文化密不可分。

作为文化传递的桥梁，译文既要能被目的语读者接受，又要能传递源语文化。

这种文化的转化引起了归化与异化之争。

在跨文化翻译中，归化与异化各有长短，翻译时应慎重考虑。

归化翻译强调译者应该打破文化间的障碍，避免文化冲突，使译文能被读者接受。

异化翻译强调译文要重现源语语言文化，为读者呈现原汁原味的异域风情和语言风格。

本文主要从三个部分来阐述归化与异化的发展问题：第一部分主要介绍归化和异化问题的由来以及两者的内涵；第二部分主要论述归化和异化在使用时是如何对立统一的；第三部分从翻译实践出发（以英译汉为主），举例说明了归化和异化的具体应用方法；最后得出结论：在跨文化翻译中，归化和异化不是完全对立的，而是相辅相成，相互融合的。

Unit31.assuming2.the trend admitting that you are in love like admitting being unfaithful to yourlover or spouse3. a modern couple we imagine for the purpose of illustrationfeel those irresistible feelings that computer printouts cannot handle and become intimate in the human way.4.yearn for a huge amount of communication gratifying5.something bad happens make them desire healing relationship6.This vulgar discoure its ridiculous and faked scientific sound a strong emotionwhich was previoufly a matter of the heart.7.the unwavering devotion to the love-sickness in peopleUnit41.traditional region where people hardly have the palate for2.This reveals some interesting self-contradictions3.the typically American hamburger restaurant unmistakably4.can playfully amend its menu delete its best-known product attract larger crowdsof customers5.local Germans ridiculously high to satisfy their hunger for Big Mac,6.all its typical ingredients a most basic eating experience ,7. a great deal of style8.standardized with no compromise to9.when he came to town also with a friendly smile10.It’s an in-crowd,(Diners at McDonald’s are the cool people)Unit 51.it (going to college ) has become a social custom2.when they are under persistent requents to give their honest opinion are motivatedto do their classwork3.It becomes a huge industry , with half of their budgets paid by taxpayers’ money4.Predictable trends in demographic changes now begin to slow down the universityempire builders5.have neither the money nor the guts appropriate expressions of their objection6.shows up it appears to be a defense mechanism and that is not somethingunfamiliar to us7.No one is particularly against them8.To make it more appealing deceive ourselvesUnit61.were sharing our feelings2. a seemingly inconceivable sequence of school shooting3.shocked not onlyour schools but also our nation4.measures that can be taken have any opportunity to regain an ideal and a goodprospect5.it seemed so evident by common sense alone6.should take actions simultaneously in several respects7.seems inevitable such a wide-spread phenomenon of vicariously experiencedviolence8.the impressionable individual you tell yourself that this is probably an acceptablefact of life9. a matter of whether one is willing or one desires to use violence as a meanse the opportunity here to state the well-considered pro and con argumentsregarding11. a good start whether or not each of us will work hark to implement them will be thereal test12.can nurture a culture of tolerance through education not so frequent to providewhat appears to be an acceptable perspectivee13.We get different consequences for the different things we do.Unit71.as a utopia where democracy and equal opportunity supposedly exist for everyone2.tell anyone the theatre where reinvention of the self can be staged3.men provided for women economically4.by making my own decisions for my future5.caste-conscious ,hierarchical society6.To leave Bengal meant not to continue the culture in its pure form7.plunged me into constant inventions and explorrations for survival which arestressful and scary8.reflects as I stuggled in the unknown state between my home country and my hostcountry in the present9.the idea on which “America” was founded the belief a homogenous groupsharing similar appearances, the same language and same religion10.that issues of ethnic identities have been made for political uses the phenomenon ofmaking legal immigrants the scapegoat that result from defected11.as “we” who are constantly being reinventes and transformed12.When emigration occurs, losses and gains are inevitable13.my way to refute the cultural map in which some are in the center while others are inthe marginUnit81.in their poll of college students till they get sick2.Forbiding the selling has led to an environment3.counterparts drink in a gradual , non-risky process and inmoderate amount4. a national law defining “twenty-one” as the drinking age5.when supervised by their parent an accepted custom6.makes drinking a symbol of adulthood-a tempting taboo7.in an area where the law offers no clear guidance8.the preferres drink drinking without having eaten something9.while she is driving when there is an overabundant supply of beer at parties10.are not allowed legally to have a beer dealing with drinking the right amount ontheir ownUnit91.promotional activities with the help of celebrities are reduced to secondary roles2.are allowed to be part of an unofficial preview3.Signs promote the company’s doctrine in tones that are both rigid and humorous4.No matter what fancier we may use for them which does not allow us to forgetonly carefully constructed devices meant to enhance the theatrical effects5.no stong resistance6.who could have been critics of Disney7.With regard to the way Disney does it is unparalleled8.The way Disney gives emphasis to seems not surprising for that has for a longtime been giving families such movies asUnit101.“white” ideology dominates American culture—even though there are tiny bits of“black” as decorations here and there2.transform California’s desert into farmlands of bounty3.I almost believed4.American’s bittersweet legacy of struggling despite failures in order to be closer topeople like me5. a continuing process in which the past is repeatedly re-discovered and interpreted6.the Atlantic-to-Pacific migration by Americans of European descent heroic ac oftaming the untamed wilderness the colonezation of native Americans7.“to evaluate , with critical thinking , why there are inconsistencies between the ideals ofthe U.S. and social realities.”Unit111.who denigrate the liquor industry science has yet to support a cause-and-effectconnection2.Middle school students the greatest curiosity about alcohol when they grow up3.who stark drinking before the age of fifteen some tine late in their lives refrainfrom drinking until they are twenty-one4.Anything that the media do to exacerbate not tolerated by wishes to impose aban on5.expresses his regrets that does not seem to jeopardize the programs this influenceschildren6.are not putting the blame on the right party7.who doesn’t want to enter into adulthood and enjoy it as much as possible8.To determine how exactly the media influene teens’ drinking behavior take intoconsideration what kids do among their peers9.the end of the civilized world something that impacts civilizationUnit121.was ahead of me in the game by three points was ruined by her worry that I’d bea sore loser2.when we had touched upon the topic before the word “competition ” sound sonegative3.copying the bad behaviors of macho men—we certainly don’t want that4.such things as male insecurity related to immaturity or their dormant anger or theirsexual rivalry what I’m simply saying we shouldn’t ignre the other side to the story5.enjoy this king of male humor meant only to insult others would quite naturallystart at a level deeper than our jokes6.how they roll their eyes to imply their incomprehension of the typically male behavior7.this kind of rivaling attitude and see if he will not be reproached8.would kill rather than let the other get the edge9.play with a lot of guts but not much assurance play casually and score 6-610.connect with one another it’s a way to hide their hostility or show their superiority–I would not make any more apologies11.Make my words—giving your best to winUnit131.seize the ever-increasing supply incarcerate thousands2.for various reasons , either for medicinal use or for the illusion of escape or for otherpurposes3. a readily available example the benefits and disadvantages can be assessed4.to make the maximum amount of profits at any cost using their own methods ofintimidation horrifically5.get so crowded6.act responsibly when drinking find someone else as driver or take a taxi when underthe influence7.More frustrating the victimizer and the victimized a factor that contrbutes tothe crime8.celebrities under the public eye simply make a farce of case after of theiraddiction and abuse is made known9.to stay away from drinking stink of alcohol abuse10.stand on the “high moral ground ”, the ”unmentionable cases” are hidden inour collective hstory(memory)Unit141.scored a few points while playing against Jordan at close range no one is as goodas Jordan2.This is a moment which defines for me who Jordan is3.the status of African-American hero which is distingusihed , envied and consumes hisenergy4.it sees a reflection of its dreams , strong desires and even some of its anxieties5.（is）the embodiment of Black male heroism6.pro vides as the most badic image of that culture’s spirit7.This is no question that both commentaries are right to some extent8.to deny the indicidual will to ignore the glory of their extraordinary talents todeny ourselves the chance to understand the purity and strength9.an excitement , a dynamc force of life can connect themselves10.flourishes despite the pressure of corporate commitments without losing hisintegrity11.haven’t insulated him against the violence in our community12.with a dignity as impressive as any jump shot he can make13.determine Jordan’s greatness by his extremely powerful slam dunksUint151.got blown out of a wind turbine and is suffering a hangover from last night’s cheap wine2.stole a glimpse around the corner excitement , taking with every cell in theirbodies3.promote “girl power” hugely successful , rans-Atlantic hit get lost4.best-selling with the production values almost unparalleled except for5.ephemeral and clueless airheads a premeditated and contemptupous selling strategycombined fake version of feminist6. a revitalizing synthesis discredits outdated stereotypes about feminismstrengthen enter the tricky process7.has been written off as fake and overly commodified rubbish8.play down those questions most important depicts thin and smooth-skinnedwomen who are totally inefficient at work and are obsessed with dating9.Despite all this ridiculous commercial calculation undoubtedly anUint161.enter into relationships with men with the intentions to be completely safe at somepoint when I give to chance and to some tacit agreement with my date2.by “us” I refer to those of us in the population who are accused of believing in our“immortality” and are ridiculed as being cynical ,lazy , weak (because there is no war that requires our service in the army ) and simpy not adult enough3.When ultimately we have to face it4.what substitutes for excitement we do nor get5.is intense and a thrilling close encounter with sheer fear6.since we subject ourselves American societ where safety always comes first7.we are likely to end up getting mugged , who vaguely think of the fact we continueto experience fear ad something abstract8.mentioned , strangely enough , as a word of caution in intimate conversations wesuddenly realize that we have to think about it9.had placed her in the progran to shock the audience a bit something of crucialimportance10.her mother who is nor there to help walk through the foul-mouthed converstationsthe adolecent sex-crazed prowler11.with its message of doom and gloom has surely deteriorated12. a slow corruption of the human spirit , a constant hypocrisy and self-insecurity。

Unit 5I. 1. at 2. at, with 3. from, in 4. in, by, from, on 5. of, toII. 1. it (going to college) has become a social custom2. when they are under persistent requests to give their honest opinionare motivated to do their classwork.3. It becomes a huge industry, with half of their budgets paid by taxpayers’money.4. Predictable trends in demographic changes now begin to slow down theuniversity empire builders.5. have neither the money nor the gutsappropriate expressions of their objection.6. shows upit appears to be a defense mechanism, and that is not something unfamiliar to us.7. No one is particularly against them.8. to make it more appealingdeceive ourselvesIII. 1. No one knows exactly what has happened to this city in the last ten or twelve years. So apparently has it lagged behind that it at best resembles a medium-sized city of the east coast.2. The merger of the three schools has squeezed most of the funding out of theDepartment.3. He now felt regretful that he had not acted on his father’s advice.4. I’ve told you so many times that he is a shameless liar; you should not havefooled yourself into believing his claim that you would make large amount of profits..5. This school draws a great number of applicants because of its programs oninternational trade and business.IV. 1. completely unimportant to the learning2. travel across disappointed3. in its best form only a center for socializing and growing olderin its worst sensethe mainstream society’s economic life4. The idea came out of principle5. push, press and persuade6. economically impossible, especially live tensely under7. .in two minds about8. revealed a fundamental discontent with college itself fade away9. in groups10. internalize their problems stay away from11. leave school work for food12. in voices you can barely hear13. end upacd daabdVI. 1. We encourage the young to have their ambitious goals, but it does not mean encourag ing them to aspire to personal interest by fair means orfoul/through ignoble means.2. It is somewhat frightening to see that crowd of teenagers hang ing aroundthe street corners after dark.3. Her failure/flunk in (the course of) English Reading in the final exam isascribed to her absence from the class for 3 weeks because of her illness.4. Tom is not a gifted / talented child in particular. At best he can score 70 inthis exam, and at worst he may fail /flunk in one or two courses.5. If he continue s to make mischief among the members of a board ofdirectors, he may wind up being driven out of the Board. (sow discord/play sb. off against each other/ foment dissension)6. Do not fool yourself into believ ing that you can get filthy rich / become anupstart overnight by buying lottery.7. Before his campaign speech began, most voters were still ambivalentabout his candidacy. But his speech irritat ed all and tap ped their discontentwith the Social Democratic Party that has been pent up over these years.8. The construction of this city began earlier (than the others), but thesurrounding cities soon caught up with it. And people ascribed it to thepolicies (which were) made by the former mayor.9. The great majority of nations in the world today object to / oppose / areopposed to/ are against colonialism in its various forms.。

英文影视作品的文化透视作用摘要：语言是文化的载体。

从某种意义上来说，影视作品是一种包罗万象的文化载体，英文影视作品从多方面、多角度展示英语民族的文化，比如英美民族人们的生活习俗、思维方式和价值观、宗教信仰和历史文化习俗等。

按照情景教学法的观点：“语言必须在情景中呈现和练习”，对文化的深入了解又是学好语言的保证。

本文旨在通过总结影视作品如何透视西方文化，加深对文化内涵的理解，提高学生的跨文化交际能力。

关键词：英文影视作品；文化；透视作用中图分类号：g22文献标识码：a 文章编号：1009-0118（2011）-09-0-02语言是文化的载体，是文化的主要表现形式。

它不仅使那些想成为艺术巨匠的人整日琢磨和费尽心思去创作的东西，同时更是启发人的思维，发展想象力，反映文化方方面面的一种媒介。

美国著名导演史蒂芬。

斯皮尔伯格的这一番话可以说是恰到好处的体现了我们今天要探讨的话题：影视作品折射西方文化。

英文影视作品是一种包罗万象的文化载体，通过以视觉符号为主的、直观的传播形式，以及影视作品台词、影视作品故事本身以及影视作品画面等都在向观众传达各种文化信息。

按照英国语言学家 palmer 等提出的情景教学法中指出“语言必须在情景中呈现和练习”，对文化的深入了解又是学好语言的保证。

目前，通过观看英文影视作品来提高英语水平已经是一种被广泛采用的很有效的学习方式，人们在学习影视作品对白中的词汇与语法结构的同时，也逐渐开始重视英文影视作品中所体现的英美文化现象，及其对完善跨文化交际的方式和手段的促进作用。

英文影视作品，作为接触和了解英语国家文化的载体，不仅提供了英语民族如何进行交际的真实情景和鲜活的语言，同时也提供了一些非语言行为的文化情景，并弥补了因对英美文化缺乏了解而难以展示的文化知识。

本文将通过几部影片简述影视作品是如何透视西方生活习俗、思维方式和价值观、宗教信仰和历史文化习俗。

一、影视作品的生活习俗透视作用英文影视作品是一种声音与图像完美结合的艺术形式，它取材于国外的现实生活的故事情节，融视、听、说于一体，情景直观、真实具体，为学习者创造了轻松的英语学习氛围和环境。

中国商务英语教学的跨文化透视An Intercultural Perspective on Business English Teachingin China AbstractOne of the major functions of the English language is to convey the culture of its speech munity. The application of cross-cultural munication theories to the teaching of Business English in the context of Chinese universities should be conducted in such a way that students are able to learn that Chinese and Western cultures exist as different systems. By parison and analysis, we would profoundly understand the differences between various mercial cultural thinking. Following the principle of equality, cross-cultural munication will function as a bridge in the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures. Based on the relationships between business cultural awareness and Business English teaching, this thesis explors the influence of culture in Business English teaching in China through a description of the relationships between language and culture, and the cultural differences between China and the Western countries. Then some ways to improve the Business English teaching in China are practically pointed out. In the end, the thesis intends to approach some suggestions for business English teaching in china.Key Words: intercultural munication; Business English teaching; cultural differences; linguistic petence摘要语言是用来传递文化的，这是语言的主要功能之1。