综合英语《文化透视英语教程》第三册课后英译汉

综合英语教程3第三版课后翻译八：1. 在传统戏剧《白蛇传》里，白蛇以美女化身来到人间，爱上了许仙，与之结为夫妻。

(in the shape of) 1. In the traditional Chinese opera, The White Snake, the white Snake comes down to the earth in the shape of a beautiful girl and falls in love with Xuxian to whom she gets married later.2. 她一看到血就会头晕。

(at the sight of)2. She feels dizzy at the sight of blood.3. 他今天上课时不停地打盹。

(drowse)3. He kept drowsing off in class this morning.4. 他全盘道出了两家不和的事实。

(relate)4. He related the whole story of the long-standing dispute between the two families.5. 她一想起她那死于车祸的孩子就泪水涟涟。

(at the thought of)5. She would burst into tears at the thought of her child killed in a traffic accident.6. 我突然明白他原来是想帮助我。

(dawn on)6. It dawned on me that he was actually trying to help me.7. 他们三人藏身的岩洞仅有两米高。

(no more than)7. The cave for the three of them to hide in was no more than two metres high.九：1. 那天晚上詹姆斯(James)和你一起吃晚饭了吗？(in question)1. Did James have supper with you on the night in question?2. 教练对比赛的最终结果表示满意。

Unit1 ACross-CulturalContext:Americans,Germans,andEnglish LEARNTHROUGHDOINGSPECIFICEXERCISESFOR“TRANSLATIONFOCUS”1.看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。

2.改革开放政策受到了全国人民的拥护。

3.作者在文章中，对人类忽视自身环境作了批评。

4.一则英国电视报导说车队曾受攻击，但是并未提供细节。

5.随着科技的发展，人们征服自然的能力也越来越强了。

6.我完全赞同你的意见。

7.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。

8.目前我国各地对各种消费品的需要量已大大增加。

9.有些人认为要遏止通货膨胀就难免得有人失业。

10.新型号的产品现已（向出口市场）出售。

Assignments2.ParaphrasingandTranslating(1)Ifwewanttounderstandthevariousissuesofgreatconcern,wehavetoref erbacktotwobasicAmericanpatternsthatarefollowednaturallyinthiscou ntryandtendtobetreatedasuniversal.为了理解各种各样利害攸关的事宜，我们有必要回顾两个在美国被认为理所当然而且美国人倾向于在全球推而广之的模式。

(2)IhaveabetterunderstandingoftheGermanpatterninmylaterstudyandle arnedthatitisimpossibleforyoutostayinsidetheroomwithoutintrudingt heotherparty’sterritory,especiallywhenyoulookathim/herregardless ofthedistance.后来的研究让我对德国模式有了一个更深刻的理解，并且我了解到在德国就没有所谓的能够同处一室而不入侵到对方的范围，在一方看着另外一方时——无论距离远近——尤为如此。

如今Nowadays, many young people no longer choose "stable" jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people's life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China's economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses.伟大复兴Realizing the great national rejuvenation, which we define as the Chinese Dream, has been the greatest Chinese expectation since modem times. It basically means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people, thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation, the firm conviction that a better life is accomplished through persistent effort. People should achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people. Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not only for the entire nation but also for every Chinese.水墨画Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese painting. It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection. The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting, i.e, brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the features of the paintings. For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness. The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique aesthetic effects. Ink and wash painting holds a high status in the history of Chinese painting, and it is even regarded as the criterion to evaluate the artistic level of Oriental paintings.春晚The CCTV Spring Festival Gala (Spring Festival Gala for short), which was started in 1983, has become an indispensable cultural consumer product and a cultural symbol in the cultural life of the Chinese people. Though it’s hard to satisfy the tastes of all the people, it has to be admitted that the Spring Festival Gala has become a “new custom” for the public that they can’t live witho ut. The Spring Festival Gala is more than a gala; it is a ritual and a symbol, a culture and a label, and an emotion and a place where people entrust their hearts to. With the development of the times and the emerging of new media, the audiences are having more diversified choices and demands. Correspondingly, the Spring Festival Gala is also advancing with the time to satisfy the growing cultural needs of the people.丽江Lijiang is a mountainous city in northwest Yunnan Province. The old town of Lijiang, located at the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, is a town of scenic beauty and known for its history and culture. It’s also a well-preserved old town with features of ethnic minorities. The construction work of the old town was started from the Southern Song Dynasty about 800 years from now. Not only does Lijiang boast a long history, but also it boasts many ethnic minorities who make up over a half of the total population in the region. With the booming of Lijiang tourism, the old town of Lijiang is receiving a growing number of tourists from home and abroad. In December 1997, the old town succeeded in applying to be named a World Cultural Heritage Site, filling the gap of lacking a noted historical and cultural city in Chinaon the World Cultural Heritage List.茶文化China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. Since ancient times, tea has been known as the "national drink" of China. In both the Chinese scholars' even daily necessities, namely music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea and common people's seven ones, namely firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea. Tea is listed as one of the necessities. Meanwhile, China is a country with ancient civilization and a land of courtesy. The practice of making and serving tea is essential whenever there are guests or friends. With the development of cultural exchange, commerce and trade between China andother countries, Chinese tea and tea cultural spread to the world. Today, a number ofcountries across the five continents grow tea plants, and many countries import tea from China. Chinese tea like Chinese silk and Chinaware, has become synonymous with China in the world.孙子兵法The Art of War was written by Sun Wu, a famous ancient Chinese strategist.A classic work not only of military value but also of great philosophical significance, The Art of War is a precious heritage of brilliant ancient Chinese culture. Sun Wu disclosed in his book a series of military rules and principles, and put forward a complete system of military theory. His theory has been highly regarded by strategists since the Warring States Period and exerted strong impacts on their thought and practice. Moreover it has yielded a worldwide influence in the field of military thought, enjoying extremely high prestige.上海自贸Shanghai Free Trade Zone is a free trade zone in Shanghai that was launched in 2013 by the Chinese government. Covering an area of 28.78 square kilometers, Shanghai Free Trade Zone is the first of its kind in China's mainland, and is regarded as a "testing ground" for a number of economic reforms. The establishment of the free trade zone is a significant measure taken to actively promote the opening-up strategy under the new global economic and trade situation. It undertakes a major task to explore new ways and accumulate new experience for the deepening of reform and opening up in an all-round way. As a pilot project, Shanghai Free Trade Zone will become a "touchstone" for Chinese economy. It will play an active role in deepening reforms and boosting economic vigor.。

Unit1种族或民族的传承就如性别和社会等级一样对塑造身份很重要，并且种族还能影响一个人的生活质量、教育机会和职场晋升。

长期以来美国社会挣扎着去面对和克服基于民族的种族主义和种族歧视问题。

远在内战开始前，美国各反奴隶制群体就开始反对奴役美国黑人并致力于废除全美奴隶制度的工作，不光是美国黑人因肤色和民族而遭受不公的待遇和歧视，这些群体还包括：19世纪被运到美国修建穿越全美铁路的中国人，19世纪后期为了寻求更好生活的欧洲移民，20世纪为了养家而赴美做苦力的日本人以及从北部移居美国的拉美人。

由于人们对种族，阶级和性别之间相互影响的意识增强，从小学到研究生各个层次的学校课程都包含了关于种族、等级和性别的内容或者说开设了致力于我们个人身份和个人历史重要成分的整套课程。

UNIT 2毋庸置疑，语言也是一种政治工具、手段，以及权利的证明。

它是个人身份的最鲜明而又最重要的特征: 它揭示了个人身份，使一个人与公众或社区的身份相关联或分离。

在某些特定的时间和地点，讲某种语言是危险的，甚至是致命的。

再或者，一个人也许和其他人说同一种语言，但是他说话的方式会使他的家世被暴露，或（也有可能正如他所期望的）被隐藏起来。

这一点在法国如此，在英格兰也更是如此：在那个潮湿小岛上的（占主导地位的）方言，使得英格兰人完全理解英格兰岛上所使用的英语，但对于其他岛外的人来说，却完全无法理解这种语言。

在英格兰开口讲话，就相当于（如果我可以用一句黑人英语来说的话）”把你的一切公诸于世”：你已经对人坦白了你的父母双亲，你的青年时代，你的教育背景，你的个人收入，你的自尊，甚至还有你的前途。

UNIT 4.除了立法之外，国会听证会在没有来自市民的群众团体的压力下是不可能取得任何成就的。

最终，你的信件、电话和传真才能成为反抗电视暴力的最好武器，并可以抑制犯罪，保障你在宪法第二修正案中的权益。

当你在电视节目中看到一些毫无意义而又不必要的暴力时，给相关的电视网络管理人写信，让他们了解你的感受。

NNCE Book3课后翻译参考答案Unit1英译中原文：Global citizen is someone who identifies with being part of an emergingworld community and whose actions contribute to building this community's values and practices. Global citizenship believes that humankind is essentially on and each individual has the power to change things. In our interdependent world, global citizenship encourages us to recognize our responsibilities toward each other and learn from each other. Global citizens care about education, disease, poverty, and environmental issues around the world. Today, the forces of global engagement are helping some people identify themselves as global citizens who have a sense of belonging to a world community. This growing global identity in large part is made possible by the forces of modern information, communications and transportation technologies. Global citizenship aims to empower people to lead their own action. Along with the knowledge and values that they have gained from learning about global issues, people need to be equipped with the necessary skills to give themselves the ability and confidence to be pro-active in making a positive difference in the world.Keys：世界公民是指一个人承认自己是新兴的全球社区的一分子，而且其行动对全球社区的价值打造和实践活动有所贡献。

Unit 1如今，很多年轻人不再选择"稳定"的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。

青年创业（young entrepreneurship）是未来国家经济活力的来源，创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活，从长远来看，对于国家更是一件好事，创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量。

尤其是在当前，国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新，在政策上给予中小企业支持，这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。

Nowadays, many young people no longer choose “stable” jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people’s life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China’s economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses.Unit 2实现中华民族伟大复兴（rejuvenation）是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，我们称之为“中国梦”，其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。

Unit1英译中原文：Global citizen is someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world community and whose actions contribute to building this community's values and practices. Global citizenship believes that humankind is essentially on and each individual has the power to change things.In our interdependent world, global citizenship encourages usto recognize our responsibilities toward each other and learn from each other. Global citizens care about education, disease, poverty, and environmental issues around the world. Today, the forces of global engagement are helping some people identify themselves as global citizens who have a sense of belonging to a world community. This growing global identity in large part is made possible by the forces of modern information, communications and transportation technologies. Global citizenship aims to empower people to lead their own action. Along with the knowledge and values that they have gained from learning about global issues, people need to be equipped with the necessary skills to give themselves the ability and confidence to be pro-active in making a positive difference in the world.Keys：世界公民是指一个人承认自己是新兴的全球社区的一分子，而且其行动对全球社区的价值打造和实践活动有所贡献。

分类号学校代码！鳗鲤密级学号-20-**********翻译中的归化与异化——以《文化透视英语教程》为例ＤｏｍｅｓｔｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＦｏｒｅｉｇｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｒｎｌｌｒａｎｓｌａｔｌｏｎ－·－－ＡｃａｓｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆＥｎｇｌｉｓｈＴｈｒｏｕｇｈＣｕｌｔｕｒｅ指导教师姓名、职称直鎏塑塾撞湖南师范大学学位评定委员会办公室二０一一年五月’一一一ＤｏｍｅｓｔｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＦ０ｒｅｌｇｎｌＺａｔｌｏｎｌｎ，－ｎｌｒａｎＳＩａｔｌｏｎ－－·－ＡｃａｓｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆＥｎｇｌｉｓｈＴｈｒｏｕｇｈＣｕｌｔｕｒｅＡ砀ｅｓｉｓＳｕｂｍｉｔｔｅｄｔｏＦｏｒｅｉｇｎＳｔｕｄｉｅｓＣｏｌｌｅｇｅＯｆＨｕｎａｎＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＩｎＰａｒｔｉａｌＦｕｌｆｉｌｌｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＲｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓＦｏｒＴｈｅＤｅｇｒｅｅｏｆＭａｓｔｅｒｏｆＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＩｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔｉｎｇＢｙＹａｎｇＬｕＵｎｄｅｒｔｈｅＳｕｐｅｒｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆＰｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒＸｉａｏＹｕｎｃｈｕＣｈａｎｇｓｈａ，ＨｕｎａｎＭａｙ，２０１１摘要语言是文化的载体，而翻译将两种语言相互转换，传递文化信息，与文化密不可分。

作为文化传递的桥梁，译文既要能被目的语读者接受，又要能传递源语文化。

这种文化的转化引起了归化与异化之争。

在跨文化翻译中，归化与异化各有长短，翻译时应慎重考虑。

归化翻译强调译者应该打破文化间的障碍，避免文化冲突，使译文能被读者接受。

异化翻译强调译文要重现源语语言文化，为读者呈现原汁原味的异域风情和语言风格。

本文主要从三个部分来阐述归化与异化的发展问题：第一部分主要介绍归化和异化问题的由来以及两者的内涵；第二部分主要论述归化和异化在使用时是如何对立统一的；第三部分从翻译实践出发（以英译汉为主），举例说明了归化和异化的具体应用方法；最后得出结论：在跨文化翻译中，归化和异化不是完全对立的，而是相辅相成，相互融合的。

如今，很多年轻人不再选择“稳定”的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。

青年创业（young entrepreneurship）是未来国家经济活力的来源，创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活，从长远来看，对于国家更是一件好事，创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量。

尤其是在当前，国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新，在政策上给予中小企业支持，这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。

Nowadays, many young people no longer choose “stable” jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people’s life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China’s economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses.实现中华民族伟大复兴（rejuvenation）是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，我们称之为“中国梦”，其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。

文化透视英语教程答案【篇一：文化透视英语教程(english through culture)book two unit11 answers for exercises(onlytranslation)】ure)book two unit11 answers for exercises(only translation)1. just as they stopped short of their effort to look for survivors from the crashed airplane, the helicopter doing the search made this report: smoke in the woods five miles in the southeast indicated that someone was cooking.2. many young people today find it difficult to understand why those overseas chinese who left for southeast asia in youth should have so strong a sense of homesickness / nostalgia, as they all, at some point in their lives, come back to visit their hometowns with their entire families.4. the year 2001 is worthy of celebration for all the chinese people: china succeeded in having its application of hosting olympic game 2008 approved; chinese soccer team made it into the world cup in 2002; china also became a member of wto.5. it was a nightmare the first time she had participated in the election speech. she barely spoke for two minutes when the crowd shouted her down.6. on the topic of the current task of educating the young, we should, in addition to considering the role of the school, also take into account the role of education at home and the influence of social environment on the youth.7. because he favored tax-cuts, he was vilified by the opposition party.【篇二：文化透视英语教程(english throughculture)book two unit4 answers for exercises】1. for, of, at2. of, by, in, for3. to, in4. in, in5. in, by, ofii. 1. in this mostly hindu, traditional region where people hardly have thepalate for beef, what is one of the hottest eateries around?2. this reveals some interesting self-contradictions.3. here is the typically american hamburger restaurant without any hamburgers and with an unmistakably indian flavor.4. which, it seems, would explain why mcdonald’s can playfully amend its menu, even delete its best-known product and still attract larger crowds of customers.5. in germany, local germans pay ridiculously high prices to satisfy their hunger for big mac.6. the cheeseburger with all its typical ingredients representsa mostbasic eating experience.7. beef has always had a great deal of style.compromise to indian architectural style.9. the 20-year-old corporate sales representative for klm royal dutchairlines, when he came to town, agreed that mcdonald’s offered tasty food and fast service, also with a friendly smile.10. it’s an in-crowd. (diners at mcdonald’s are the cool people) iii. 1. this holds true in beijing as well as in several other major cities inchina.2. a series of talks at the top level will make for better understanding between the two governments.3. by way of answering the question, he began telling a story about his childhood.4. every weekend, he and his girlfriend would be out on the town and have some form of entertainment in the evening.5. many people were upset by edward bond’s dramas which always feature violence.iv. 1. thing, consuming it without questions.2. fashion3. extended4. is the case5. an american image6. represents7. those who know the trend.8. the upper class of the city9. trying to explain his point10. is suggestive ofv.vi.dcdbc dcbbc 1. land came in sight after they had sailed for seven days. they came in sight of the land after a seven-day voyage.make for the improvement of spoken english, though it is not easy to do so / it is easier said than done.3. the success of china in african diplomacy, to some extent, should be attributed to the chinese medical teams. in the mid 70s, there were the same held true (for chinese teams) in the other african countries4. in a sense/ way, the great wall stands for everything that is chinese: its vast and beautiful land, its brave and hard-working people, and its long history. every year the great wall attracts a large number of tourists. many foreign tourists go to the trouble of travelling a long distance to catch a glimpse of it.5. out of respect for the local consumers, the branch of beijing roast duck restaurant in san francisco has tinkered with its traditional menu, but the branch still features roast duck and other items with duck as the ingredient, which nevertheless does not prevent the local consumers chowing down (their meals) here.【篇三：文化透视英语教程(english throughculture)book two unit2answers for exercises】1.at, as;2.behind, at, of;3.in, on, of, in (of);4.of, of, of, in, of, by.ii. 1. cannot be fully investigated, some profound hindsight, agree with;2. representing the sense of relief of, becoming a symbol, to pursue its eurocentric vision of expansion, those who will become american citizens in the future;3. it seems that “freedom” cannot apply to those who are still unfree;4. may not have even understood the irony;5. recorded the moment with this drawing (or we can use yunchao’s version: draw a picture in order to catch (record) the moment);6. turned out to be a hoax;7. conceal/disguise american injustice.iii. 1. support - align itself with2. concerns only - only applies to3. as representatives of - in the name of4. arrested - picked up5. thousands of people fled their homes to a safer place - people fled their homes to a safer place by the thousands.iv. 1. examining layer after layer;2. result directly from;3. is doubly evident;4. horrifying/horrible/terrifying/terrible;5. looking passively/indifferently over;6. was encouraged/aroused by;7. d ecided to be innocent …v. 1-5. bacbc 6-10. adbaavi. 1. when we review the history of the twentieth century, we should thank /be grateful to those photographic journalists. it is they who captured many significant historical moments for us, and some of them even sacrificed/lost their lives for these / in the process.2. he was a suspect after the explosion. one reason was that he could not facts3. the at 11:30 p.m. attracts many audiences. the humorous and witty4.5. who could believe that the president was innocent in this bloody racial riot? when the locals attacked/raided the chinese-owned stores and residences /living places。

Unit1Text1我并不真正了解父亲，他不是个很容易相处的人。

我觉得他比较以自我为中心, 还有一点虚荣, 有时候还会让人觉得有距离感。

公众们肯定都认为他很随和,其实在家的时候他基本上都是独处,不怎么跟我们交流的。

我小的时候父亲很少在家的，因为那时几乎没有什么关于他的记忆。

他对家庭生活一直是有一些生疏。

对他来说，工作总是放在第一位，而且记忆中他总是在外地演戏或是排练。

他喜欢别人找他签名，也喜欢被别人认出的感觉。

他获得过几个奖项，并为此感到骄傲。

记得在他获得大不列颠影帝奖时，我们必须到白金汉宫去领取奖牌。

那真是令人难以臵信的无趣。

还有其他数以百计的人拿同样的奖项，所以你得一直坐在那等好几个小时。

每当有人来拜访我们家时，父亲总爱把他的奖项拿出来炫耀。

我上过公立学校，但是因为缺乏学习兴趣并且总是缺课，被勒令退学了。

最主要的是我一点也不想去那上学，因为这样我就和我的朋友们分开了。

把我送到那个学校读书他一定很高兴，但事实上到最后这一切只是浪费钱而已。

我想我一定让他感到非常失望。

后来我也试着做过几份工作但是都不能安心长久地做下去，然后我意识到我真正想做的是生活在乡村，并且，这也是我现在做的事情。

作为一家人，无论是情感上还是空间上我们都有距离。

这些日子我们很少见到彼此。

我和父亲的性格大相径庭。

我的兴趣一直都在乡村，而他则喜欢书和音乐，尤其是歌剧，这恰恰是我所讨厌的。

如果他们来看我,他们的衣着也完全不适合在乡村穿—貂皮大衣和漂亮的但不适合在田间走长路的小皮鞋。

父亲对我的婚姻更是完全反对。

他一直希望我和我的丈夫分开。

我想我丈夫出身太卑微了。

而父亲一定是想让我嫁给一个有名望的人，但结果并不能使他如愿。

而且事情往往就是这样。

我们夫妇俩并不打算要孩子，但是我的父亲总是不停地谈论着他想抱孙子。

人总不能仅仅因为自己迫切地想抱孙子就逼着别人要孩子吧。

我看电视时从来不看他。

我对那些没什么兴趣，更何况他通常都不记得告诉我们他什么时候会出现在电视上。

Unit 1XI1. No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at sucha noisy reception.2. Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.3. Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.4. If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.5. Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.6. Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.XII1. 每当有人帮了你，无论事情大小，无论他地位高低，你都应该对他说声“谢谢”。

2．蒸汽机的发明使船舶发生了变化，正如其已经改变了陆地运输一样。

3．尽管经理努力帮忙，他还是不能找到问题的根源所在。

4．这个女孩的生活天天围着哥哥转，完全明白该做什么来使哥哥高兴。

5．如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最终得到的可能都是自己不想要对。

三.
教材的使用方法
第一册，第一单元 Voices from the Family
Close Reading: The Belated Father Further Reading I: Only Daughter II: I Want a Wife
Listening: My Father
Film: Big Daddy
本科教学评估：广外大、上外、天外（200304）
外语专业评估体系（2003）
高校英语专业的现状 发展很快 发展极不平衡
地域的不平衡 教师队伍的不平衡 学校关注的不平衡 教学质量的不平衡
高校英语专业面临的问题
教学理念
人才培养模式
课程设置和教学内容
教师队伍
教学质量
这些问题的具体体现就是教学质量： 学生的英语基本功普遍不过关
Mario Puzo, The Godfather (1969)
对于在国外学习的人来说，对文化的洞 察是生存和学习的基本条件
对于英语教师来说，对所教语言文化内 涵的了解是一项基本功 对于外语工作者来说，对社会文化的了 解能够避免因文化差异而可能出现 的错误
高校外语专业教材编审委员会（1987-92） 高校外语专业教学指导委员会（ 1992-97 ； 1997-2002；2002- ） 《关于面向 21 世纪外语专业教学改革的若干 意见》（1998） 《英语教学大纲》（修订稿）（1999）
教师、学生都不清楚《大纲》对基本功 的要求
基本功的训练没有贯穿本科教学四年的 始终 课程设置中的功利主义倾向
教材中的问题
英语专业技能课
英语专业知识课
相关专业知识课
课程之间的交融和互补
英语专业的学生必须了解英美等国的文化 不是简单的概况，而是文化的各个层面

⽂化透视英语教程【三】参考答案Unit31.assuming2.the trend admitting that you are in love like admitting being unfaithful to yourlover or spouse3. a modern couple we imagine for the purpose of illustrationfeel those irresistible feelings that computer printouts cannot handle and become intimate in the human way.4.yearn for a huge amount of communication gratifying5.something bad happens make them desire healing relationship6.This vulgar discoure its ridiculous and faked scientific sound a strong emotionwhich was previoufly a matter of the heart.7.the unwavering devotion to the love-sickness in peopleUnit41.traditional region where people hardly have the palate for2.This reveals some interesting self-contradictions3.the typically American hamburger restaurant unmistakably4.can playfully amend its menu delete its best-known product attract larger crowdsof customers5.local Germans ridiculously high to satisfy their hunger for Big Mac,6.all its typical ingredients a most basic eating experience ,7. a great deal of style8.standardized with no compromise to9.when he came to town also with a friendly smile10.It’s an in-crowd,(Diners at McDonald’s are the cool people)Unit 51.it (going to college ) has become a social custom2.when they are under persistent requents to give their honest opinion are motivatedto do their classwork3.It becomes a huge industry , with half of their budgets paid by taxpayers’ money4.Predictable trends in demographic changes now begin to slow down the universityempire builders5.have neither the money nor the guts appropriate expressions of their objection6.shows up it appears to be a defense mechanism and that is not somethingunfamiliar to us7.No one is particularly against them8.To make it more appealing deceive ourselvesUnit61.were sharing our feelings2. a seemingly inconceivable sequence of school shooting3.shocked not onlyour schools but also our nation4.measures that can be taken have any opportunity to regain an ideal and a goodprospect5.it seemed so evident by common sense alone6.should take actions simultaneously in several respects7.seems inevitable such a wide-spread phenomenon of vicariously experiencedviolence8.the impressionable individual you tell yourself that this is probably an acceptablefact of life9. a matter of whether one is willing or one desires to use violence as a means/doc/bdd40be8856a561252d36ff0.html e the opportunity here to state the well-considered pro and con argumentsregarding11. a good start whether or not each of us will work hark to implement them will be thereal test12.can nurture a culture of tolerance through education not so frequent to providewhat appears to be an acceptable perspectivee13.We get different consequences for the different things we do.Unit71.as a utopia where democracy and equal opportunity supposedly exist for everyone2.tell anyone the theatre where reinvention of the self can be staged3.men provided for women economically4.by making my own decisions for my future5.caste-conscious ,hierarchical society6.To leave Bengal meant not to continue the culture in its pure form7.plunged me into constant inventions and explorrations for survival which arestressful and scary8.reflects as I stuggled in the unknown state between my home country and my hostcountry in the present9.the idea on which ―America‖ was founded the belief a homogenous groupsharing similar appearances, the same language and same religion10.that issues of ethnic identities have been made for political uses the phenomenon of making legal immigrants the scapegoat that result from defected11.as ―we‖ who are constantly being reinventes and transformed12.When emigration occurs, losses and gains are inevitable13.my way to refute the cultural map in which some are in the center while others are in the marginUnit81.in their poll of college students till they get sick2.Forbiding the selling has led to an environment3.counterparts drink in a gradual , non-risky process and inmoderate amount4. a national law defining ―twenty-one‖ as the drinking age5.when supervised by their parent an accepted custom6.makes drinking a symbol of adulthood-a tempting taboo7.in an area where the law offers no clear guidance8.the preferres drink drinking without having eaten something9.while she is driving when there is an overabundant supply of beer at parties10.are not allowed legally to have a beer dealing with drinking the right amount on their ownUnit91.promotional activities with the help of celebrities are reduced to secondary roles2.are allowed to be part of an unofficial preview3.Signs promote the company’s doctrine in tones that are both rigid and humorous4.No matter what fancier we may use for them which does not allow us to forgetonly carefully constructed devices meant to enhance the theatrical effects5.no stong resistance6.who could have been critics of Disney7.With regard to the way Disney does it is unparalleled8.The way Disney gives emphasis to seems not surprising for that has for a longtime been giving families such movies asUnit101.―white‖ ideology dominates American culture—even though there are tiny bits of―black‖ as decorations here and there2.transform California’s desert into farmlands of bounty3.I almost believed4.American’s bittersweet legacy of struggling despite failures in order to be closer topeople like me5. a continuing process in which the past is repeatedly re-discovered and interpreted6.the Atlantic-to-Pacific migration by Americans of European descent heroic ac of taming the untamed wilderness the colonezation of native Americans7.―to evaluate , with critical thinking , why there are inconsistencies between the ideals of the U.S. and social realities.‖Unit111.who denigrate the liquor industry science has yet to support a cause-and-effect connection2.Middle school students the greatest curiosity about alcohol when they grow up3.who stark drinking before the age of fifteen some tine late in their lives refrainfrom drinking until they are twenty-one4.Anything that the media do to exacerbate not tolerated by wishes to impose aban on5.expresses his regrets that does not seem to jeopardize the programs this influences children6.are not putting the blame on the right party7.who doesn’t want to enter into adulthood and enjoy it as much as possible8.To determine how exactly the media influene teens’ drinking behavior take into consideration what kids do among their peers9.the end of the civilized world something that impacts civilizationUnit121.was ahead of me in the game by three points was ruined by her worry that I’d bea sore loser2.when we had touched upon the topic before the word ―competition ‖ sound so negative3.copying the bad behaviors of macho men—we certainly don’t want that4.such things as male insecurity related to immaturity or their dormant anger or their sexual rivalry what I’m simply saying we shouldn’t ignre the other side to the story5.enjoy this king of male humor meant only to insult others would quite naturallystart at a level deeper than our jokes6.how they roll their eyes to imply their incomprehension of the typically male behavior7.this kind of rivaling attitude and see if he will not be reproached8.would kill rather than let the other get the edge9.play with a lot of guts but not much assurance play casually and score 6-610.connect with one another it’s a way to hide their hostility or show their superiority–I would not make any more apologies11.Make my words—giving your best to winUnit131.seize the ever-increasing supply incarcerate thousands2.for various reasons , either for medicinal use or for the illusion of escape or for other purposes3. a readily available example the benefits and disadvantages can be assessed4.to make the maximum amount of profits at any cost using their own methods of intimidation horrifically5.get so crowded6.act responsibly when drinking find someone else as driver or take a taxi when under the influence7.More frustrating the victimizer and the victimized a factor that contrbutes tothe crime8.celebrities under the public eye simply make a farce of case after of theiraddiction and abuse is made known9.to stay away from drinking stink of alcohol abuse10.stand on the ―high moral ground ‖, the ‖unmentionable cases‖ are hidden inour collective hstory(memory)Unit141.scored a few points while playing against Jordan at close range no one is as good as Jordan2.This is a moment which defines for me who Jordan is3.the status of African-American hero which is distingusihed , envied and consumes his energy4.it sees a reflection of its dreams , strong desires and even some of its anxieties5.（is）the embodiment of Black male heroism6.pro vides as the most badic image of that culture’s spirit7.This is no question that both commentaries are right to some extent8.to deny the indicidual will to ignore the glory of their extraordinary talents todeny ourselves the chance to understand the purity and strength9.an excitement , a dynamc force of life can connect themselves10.flourishes despite the pressure of corporate commitments without losing his integrity11.haven’t insulated him against the violence in our community12.with a dignity as impressive as any jump shot he can make13.determine Jordan’s greatness by his extremely powerful slam dunksUint151.got blown out of a wind turbine and is suffering a hangover from last night’s cheap wine2.stole a glimpse around the corner excitement , taking with every cell in theirbodies3.promote ―girl power‖ hugely successful , rans-Atlantic hit get lost4.best-selling with the production values almost unparalleled except for5.ephemeral and clueless airheads a premeditated and contemptupous selling strategycombined fake version of feminist6. a revitalizing synthesis discredits outdated stereotypes about feminismstrengthen enter the tricky process7.has been written off as fake and overly commodified rubbish8.play down those questions most important depicts thin and smooth-skinnedwomen who are totally inefficient at work and are obsessed with dating9.Despite all this ridiculous commercial calculation undoubtedly anUint161.enter into relationships with men with the intentions to be completely safe at somepoint when I give to chance and to some tacit agreement with my date2.by ―us‖ I refer to those of us in the population who are accused of believing in our―immortality‖ and are ridiculed as being cynical ,lazy , weak (because there is no war that requires our service in the army ) and simpy not adult enough3.When ultimately we have to face it4.what substitutes for excitement we do nor get5.is intense and a thrilling close encounter with sheer fear6.since we subject ourselves American societ where safety always comes first7.we are likely to end up getting mugged , who vaguely think of the fact we continueto experience fear ad something abstract8.mentioned , strangely enough , as a word of caution in intimate conversations wesuddenly realize that we have to think about it9.had placed her in the progran to shock the audience a bit something of crucialimportance10.her mother who is nor there to help walk through the foul-mouthed converstationsthe adolecent sex-crazed prowler11.with its message of doom and gloom has surely deteriorated12. a slow corruption of the human spirit , a constant hypocrisy and self-insecurity。

如今Nowadays, many young people no longer choose "stable" jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Y oung entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people's life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China's economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses.伟大复兴Realizing the great national rejuvenation, which we define as the Chinese Dream, has been the greatest Chinese expectation since modem times. It basically means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people, thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation, the firm conviction that a better life is accomplished through persistent effort. People should achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people. Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not only for the entire nation but also for every Chinese.水墨画Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese painting. It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection. The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting, i.e, brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the features of the paintings. For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness. The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique aesthetic effects. Ink and wash painting holds a high status in the history of Chinese painting, and it is even regarded as the criterion to evaluate the artistic level of Oriental paintings.春晚The CCTV Spring Festival Gala (Spring Festival Gala for short), which was started in 1983, has become an indispensable cultural consumer product and a cultural symbol in the cultural life of the Chinese people. Though it’s hard to satisfy the tastes of all the people, it has to be admitted that the Spring Festival Gala has become a “new custom” for the public that they can’t live witho ut. The Spring Festival Gala is more than a gala; it is a ritual and a symbol, a culture and a label, and an emotion and a place where people entrust their hearts to. With the development of the times and the emerging of new media, the audiences are having more diversified choices and demands. Correspondingly, the Spring Festival Gala is also advancing with the time to satisfy the growing cultural needs of the people.丽江Lijiang is a mountainous city in northwest Yunnan Province. The old town of Lijiang, located at the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, is a town of scenic beauty and known for its history and culture. It’s also a well-preserved old town with features of ethnic minorities. The construction work of the old town was started from the Southern Song Dynasty about 800 years from now. Not only does Lijiang boast a long history, but also it boasts many ethnic minorities who make up over a half of the total population in the region. With the booming of Lijiang tourism, the old town of Lijiang is receiving a growing number of tourists from home and abroad. In December 1997, the old town succeeded in applying to be named a World Cultural Heritage Site, filling the gap of lacking a noted historical and cultural city in Chinaon the World Cultural Heritage List.茶文化China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. Since ancient times, tea has been known as the "national drink" of China. In both the Chinese scholars' even daily necessities, namely music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea and common people's seven ones, namely firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea. Tea is listed as one of the necessities. Meanwhile, China is a country with ancient civilization and a land of courtesy. The practice of making and serving tea is essential whenever there are guests or friends. With the development of cultural exchange, commerce and trade between China andother countries, Chinese tea and tea cultural spread to the world. Today, a number ofcountries across the five continents grow tea plants, and many countries import tea from China. Chinese tea like Chinese silk and Chinaware, has become synonymous with China in the world.孙子兵法The Art of War was written by Sun Wu, a famous ancient Chinese strategist.A classic work not only of military value but also of great philosophical significance, The Art of War is a precious heritage of brilliant ancient Chinese culture. Sun Wu disclosed in his book a series of military rules and principles, and put forward a complete system of military theory. His theory has been highly regarded by strategists since the Warring States Period and exerted strong impacts on their thought and practice. Moreover it has yielded a worldwide influence in the field of military thought, enjoying extremely high prestige.上海自贸Shanghai Free Trade Zone is a free trade zone in Shanghai that was launched in 2013 by the Chinese government. Covering an area of 28.78 square kilometers, Shanghai Free Trade Zone is the first of its kind in China's mainland, and is regarded as a "testing ground" for a number of economic reforms. The establishment of the free trade zone is a significant measure taken to actively promote the opening-up strategy under the new global economic and trade situation. It undertakes a major task to explore new ways and accumulate new experience for the deepening of reform and opening up in an all-round way. As a pilot project, Shanghai Free Trade Zone will become a "touchstone" for Chinese economy. It will play an active role in deepening reforms and boosting economic vigor.。

Unit11.我还要感谢那些在我处境艰难时支持我的人. My thanks go to those who still stuck by me when I fell upon dark days.2.他出版了一本通俗小说，賺了很多钱> 所以有能力买新房和轿车•Now that he has published a popular novel which earns him a large amount of money, he is able to buy a new house and a car.3.警察说，他们产生怀疑是因为姑娘的尸体上还有其他印记. The police said that their suspicions were aroused because the girl had other marks on her body.4.你怎么能这样对她说话？是她把你养大，帮你完成学业. How can you talk to her like that? She is the one who brought you up and helped you finish school.5.尽管这些学生毕业后的道路会很艰难，但他们的前途却是光明的•Hard as the road for these students after school will be, their prospects are bright.6.为了有足够的钱来经营这个商行，他拍卖了新买的房子，损失了一大笔钱•In order to have enough money to run the business, he sold his newly-bought house at auction even at a substantial loss.7. 他批评警察局长对自己的部门监管不严是完全有道理的. He is fully justified in criticizing the police commissioner for poorly supervising his department.8.为吸引外宾，这些受保护的古代建筑被修复得很漂亮. These ancient buildings which are under protection have been restored beautifully to attract foreigners.1.On Saturday night at The Grouse’s Nest, they’re still willing to raise a glass or two to “Lord Williams", though now his title prompts laughter. 周六晚，在“牢骚酒吧”，村民依旧乐意向“威廉斯勋爵”祝酒，尽管这个头衔现在只能引来阵阵笑声。

Unit1英译汉Global citizen is someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world community and whose actions contribute to building this community's values and practices. Global citizenship believes that humankind is essentially one and each individual has the power to change things. In our interdependent world, global citizenship encourages us to recognize our responsibilities toward each other and learn from each other. Global citizens care about education, disease, poverty, and environmental issues around the world. Today, the forces of global engagement are helping some people identify themselves as global citizens who have a sense of belonging to a world community. This growing global identity in large part is made possible by the forces of modern information, communications and transportation technologies. Global citizenship aims to empower people to lead their own action. Along with the knowledge and values that they have gained from learning about global issues, people need to be equipped with the necessary skills to give themselves the ability and confidence to be pro-active in making a positive difference in the world.世界公民是指一个人承认自己是新兴的全球社区的一分子，而且其行动对全球社区的价值打造和实践活动有所贡献。