21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册知识要点总结

21世纪大学英语读写教程修订版unit1笔记1. Language Points1.Brains aren’t the only answer.brains — intelligence or the ability to learn and understand things quickly, to solve problems and to make good decisions.Examples:1) Tom’s got brains but is too lazy to use them (=he’s clever but doesn’t use his advantage).2) I hope the baby has his mother’s brains(=intelligence) and his father’s good looks.2. The most gifted students do not necessarily perform best in exams.—It’s not always true that the most gifted students do best in exams.A. necessarily —It is often used in negatives to mean “in every case” .Examples:1) Books are not necessarily the best teacher—sometimes we learn more from our experiences．2) The fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality.★ If we reply “Not necessarily”，we mean that what has just been said or suggested may not be true．Example:A: We’ll need to employ another teacher, then.B: Not necessarily.B. perform— do (a job)；complete (a task)Examples:1) Computers can perform many different tasks．2) The firefighters performed outstanding acts of bravery in the September 11 attack．◆ perform well／badly／poorly — work well／badly／poorly;achieve a good／poor result3. make the most of (sth./sb.)— to gain the greatest possible advantage from something Examples:1) The young lady has learned to make the most of every opportunity offered to her.2) One secret of A students is to make the most of the university library.3) We've only got one day in Paris, so we'd better make the most of it.★ make the most of sth. = make the most out of sth.4. count for much／little／nothing— be of much／little／no worth or importanceExamples:1) He knows only one side of the story and therefore his opinion counts for very little.2) A man with no sense of responsibility does not count for anything.3) His promises don't count for much.4) His overseas results count for nothing.5. Hard work isn’t th e whole story either.— Hard work is not enough to explain everything either.A. not the whole story / only part of the story — not enough for a situation to be fully understoodExample:1) It’s true that I don’t like my boss, but that is not the whole story／only part of the story. I quit because I’ve found a better job.2) Quarrelling every day is not the whole story／only part of the story of the couple’s separation. The most important reason is that they don’t love each other any longer.B. Some other usages of “story”:Examples:1)Well. I’ve never cheated in exams, though I know people who have, but that’s another story. (That’s something I’m not going to talk about.)2) Where they live, the climate is fairly dry, but a little further north it's a different story. (The situation is different.)3) People come and people go. It's the same old story. (It happens again and again.)6. put in— spend, pass (a specified amount of time, etc.)Examples:1) I hurried to the library, only to find that there was still an hour to put in before it opened.2) He worked like a slave putting in fifteen hours of work daily.3) On weekend, I sometimes enjoy putting in a pleasant afternoon in the public library.7. concentrateA) — [intransitive] to think very carefully about something that you are doingExamples:1) Sally tried to concentrate on her studies in spite of thenoise.2) It’s said that yoga can help you concentrate better.3) Now please concentrate.4) Adrian was finding it difficult to concentrate.B) —[intransitive and transitive] to be present in large numbers or amounts somewhere, or to cause people or things to be present in large numbers or amounts somewhere Examples:1) Italian industry is concentrated mainly in the north.2) Construction of the aircraft is being concentrated at Prestwick.3) Women concentrate in a small number of occupations.8. Once the books are opened, phone calls go unanswered, TV unwatched and newspapers unread.—Once they open their books, they would not answer phone calls, nor watch TV or read newspapers.Examples:1) The baby’s cry went unheard. (Nobody heard the baby’s cry.)2) Some guests at the party went unattended. (Nobody attended them.)3) All the books on the table went untouched. (Nobody touched the books.)9. focus—direct one’s attention, etc. on sth.Examples:1) Today’s topic focused on Chinese festivals.2) Their search effort focused on the development of a new chemical.◆ ‘‘Focus’’ is similar to “concentrate” in the sense ofdirecting one’s attention on sth. However, “focus” can also mean “adjust a lens, or the eyes, so that the image that passes through them is sharp and clear.”Examples:1) She turned the camera and focused on Martin's face.2) His eyes were focused straight ahead.10. stick (stuck, stuck)— attach (sth.) to (sth. else) or on (a surface)Examples:1) Can you stick the two pages together?2) Susan stuck an important message on the bulletin board.stick to — keep to, refuse to leave or changeExamples:1) In spite of the difficulties, the government sticks to the present policy.2) Make sure to stick to the point when making a presentation in front of the class.3) He is a man of principle — he always sticks to his principles.11. bathroom— a room with a bath in it, usu. also containing a lavatory，wash basin, etc.In British English the toilet in private houses is called the lavatory, toilet, WC (dated), or 100 (informal). In public places it is called the Gents / the Ladies or public conveniences. In American English it is called the lavatory, toilet or bathroom in private houses and the washroom or restroom in public places.“Restroom” is sometimes misunderstood by some Chinese learners as a room where people sit and relax, while the proper word for that meaning should be “lounge”.12. get one’s hands on— get hold of (sth. or sb. ), esp. violently; seizeExamples:1) The hungry boy ate up everything he could get his hands on from the refrigerator.2) The woman smashed every plate she could get her hands on in a terrible fight with her husband.3) The book was sold out, and the girl had to go downtown to finally get her hands on a copy .13. essential— (1) n. (usu. pl.) sth．that is necessary or very important Examples:1) This book includes all the essentials for camping in the wilderness .2) “Mom, don’t you know a mobile phone and MP3 are absolute essentials for a young man of my age?”— (2) a. (to, for) necessary, centralExamples:1) Vegetables are essential to our health .2) Political stability is essential for economic development.14. cut down on— reduceExamples:1) The already skinny girl declared she would cut down on food so as to lose weight .2) The doctor urged the patient to cut down on smoking and drinking .3) There is talk that they are going to cut down on government spending .15. write up— write (again) in a neat and complete formExamples:1) The results of the experiment were written up into a report .2) His secretary always writes up the notes of a speech for him .3) It took the student reporter a whole week to write up a story to the satisfaction of the newspaper editor .In some phrases, the adverb “up” carries the meaning of “to an end or a state of completion; completely”.Examples:1) We used up our petrol halfway on the journey and could not find a gas station nearby .2) The fire burnt up all our furniture .3) When are you going to pay up the money you owe me?16. Meet the deadline— finish the task before the date or time it must be finished◆ “Meet the deadline” is a common collocation. Similarly, if you haven’t met the deadline, then you have missed the deadline.◆ 17. work／do wonders (in)◆ — bring unexpectedly good results◆Examples:1) There’s no way I can meet the deadline.2) I’m afraid you’ve missed the deadline, so your application cannot be considered.Examples:1) A few words of encouragement can work wonders in me when I’m not very confident.2) The old lady was so difficult to please，but the girl has worked wonders in her.3) The student tried the new approach, and to his amazement, itworked wonders!18. relevant (ant. irrelevant)—directly connected with the subject or problem being discussed or consideredExamples:1) I’m searching the net for some relevant information about my thesis.2) It’s irrelevant to our discussion? No, I think it’s highly relevant to what we are discussing!19. rather than◆ This expression is normally used in“parallel” structures：for example with two adjectives，adverbials，nouns, infinitives or -ing forms.Examples:1) The color seems green rather than blue.2) I’d prefer to go in August rather than in July.3) Why don’t you wear the black shoes rather than the brown ones?4) I’ll help you rather than sit and watch you struggle.5) He always prefers starting early rather than leaving everything to the last minute．When the main clause has a to-infinitive, rather than is usually followed by an infinitive without to. An -ing form is also possible, especially at the beginning of a sentence.Examples:1) I’d like to stay at home this evening rather than go／going out .2) Rather than using the last of his cash, Tom decided to writea check.20. put away— put in the usual place of storage, put or store (sth.) in its proper placeExamples:1) The spoilt kid never put his toys away.2) Please put the newspaper away on the shelf when you finish reading.3) The business correspondence was all put away in numbered files.21. approach n. / v.A) n. — way of dealing with a particular problemExamples:1) We need a new approach to this problem.2) Do you believe that the best approach for a language learner is the study of the spoken language?B) v. — to move towards or nearer to someone or somethingExamples:1) As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.2) She heard footsteps approaching.Grammar focus1. go + (un) p.p.Examples:a. Phone calls go unanswered.— Phone calls are unanswered.b. They never solved the problem．—Problem went unsolved．c. Police failed to identify the owner of the black car. — The owner went unidentified.2. used to + infinitive“used to + infinitive” refers to a past habit or state，while“get used to + n／-ing” means “become used to”Examples:a. Where did you use to live?I used to live with my family．How about now?I have got used to sharing a dormitory room with several others.b. How did people use to keep food?People used to keep food by salting it．How about now?Nowadays more and more people have got used to keeping their food inthe refrigerator.。

Unit 4Text AII.1.The washwoman was already past seventy when she started washing for thenarrator’s was a small woman, old. Wrinkled and thin.2.This washwoman possessed a strength that came from generations of peasantusually put the bundle of laundry on her narrow shoulders and carried it the long way most Jewish women of her age were sickly and had bent backs and leaned on sticks when they walked.3.The sentence means that the narrator’s mother was very much pleased with thewash the old woman washwoman was considered a real find because she did the wash better than other washwomen,but charged no more than the others.undering was not an easy job for the old woman in those days because the oldwoman had no running water where she lived but had to bring in water from a pump,and the drying could not be done outside for thieves would steal the laundry,so it had to be carried up to the attic and hung on old woman had to endure much hardship each time she did a wash.5.Because there was in her a certain pride and love of labor and she didn’t want tobecome a burden on anyone.6.The washwoman was treated badly by her son,who was rich but ashamed of hisnever came to see his mother,nor did he give her he got married,he did not even invite his mother to his wedding.The old woman still loved her son .She didn’t ask him for anything,nor did she care what he her son’s wedding day,though not invited,she went to the church and waited at the steps to see him lead the bride to the altar.7.Because the narrator’s family needed the laundry,and they did not even know thewoman’s seemed to them that they would never see their things again.The family mourned for the old woman bucause she had grown close to them through the years she had served them so faithfully.8.The washwoman had been very ill for about two fact,she had been so sick thatthe doctor had went for a illness made her unable to bring back the wash in time.9.When the old woman came back two months later ,Mother was very muchuttered a half-choked cry ,as though a corpse had enterd the reacted that way because she had never thought of seeing the old woman two months she believed the wahwoman had already died.10.The old woman meant that she could not rest easy in her bed because of the hadbeen driven by a strong will to return the property to its owners,to fulfill the task she had undertaken.IV.V.of blessed with well as ofgood deal of most on its feet ashmed ofonVI.a bearded young manthree colored picturesa flowerd lawna gifted pianistan old lady with a wrinkled facea home for the ageda cultured college studentan experienced drivera skilled engineera spirited discussionVII.VIII.bookstore toothpaste newapaper spaceship headache marketplace honeymoon sonwstorm eyesight lifeboat heartbeat moonlight handbook airport salesaman headquartersIX.1.Nor did he give me any explanation.2.Nor did he feel ashmed for that.3.Nor do I think it necessary to do so.4.Nor will he invite his relatives and friends.5.Nor did we know his phone number.6.Nor did she enter the home for the aged.X.1.Extremely hot as it is ,the workers are still working on the construction site.2.Big and strong as he is ,he is afraid of hard work.3.Freezing cold as it was ,Father went out hunting with his dog.4.Slow as it was ,the boat offered its passengers very good service.5.Excited as we were at the news,we tried to keep ourselves calm.6.Brave as he was ,Jimmy trembled at the sight of a snake.XI.have got have asked have beenhave fulfilled have got have becomeXII.wrinkles laundry still after other did charged would burden fellworried bundle how property letXIII.1.Sickly and weak as Grandma is,she has taken on all the housework in the family.2.The recording company had never been so pleased with any them,Stevie Wonderwas a real find.3.They had no running water where they did they have any conveniences of lifesuch as gas and electricity.4.Six years passed,then seven and eight,and nothing was heard of that Frenchseemd certain that he had left the country for only God knows where.5.He was very ill that summer ,but as soon as he left better in the fall,he resumed hiswriting and finished his last novel in two months.6.Driven by a strong will,Alex finally fulfilled the task he had undertaken.7.With the help of the doctor and the nurses,the patient recovered quickly and in afew weeks was able to stand on his feet once more.8.It was really sad to watch the old man’s wrinkled face,which spoke of all that hehad borne/endured in his life.XIV.1.1)She was small ,old,and wrinkled.2)But this washwoman,small and thin as she was , ...3)She would then lift the bundle ,put it on her narrow shoulders, ...4)Her fingernails were strangely while.5)Under the bundle tottered the old woman,her face as white as a linen sheet.6)She was even thiner now,more bent.7)She could not utter a clear word,but mumbled something with her sunken mouthand pale lips.there was no running water where she lived2)thieves would steal the laundry3)carried up to the attic and hung on clotheslinesShe was the best washwoman Mother ever had,yet she charged no more than the others.2)She didn’t beg at the church door or enter a home for the aged because she didn’twant to be a burden on anyone.3)Though her rich son was ashamed of her and never came to see her or gave hermoney,she told about him without bitterness.4)Though her son didn’t invite her to his wedding,she went to the church and waited at the steps to see her son lead the bride to the altar.5)Though she was seriously ill,she couldn’t rest easy in her bed .As soon as she was better ,she resumed her work and returned the wash to its owners.XV.My grandfather is a strong worked for many years in a steel factory and has thick arms and powerful we were little children,we used to climb on him and hang from his my grandfather is also a kind man .He has soft white hair and there is always a smile on his face which lets you know how friendly he ,when I was about 8 years old,my grandfather punished me for hiding from my they found me,he didnot seem angry,but he put me over his knee and spanked blows stung .Then my grandfather told me he loved me,but I was wrong to scare my grandmother the way I gave me a hug and then let me go out to that moment,I learned from my grandfather how important it is to be strong,but also to be caring.Text BExercise AExercise BText CExercise AExercise B。

21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册Unit1内容讲解21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册Unit1内容讲解导语：21世纪大学英语读写教程的每个部分通过不同的途径强化相关知识的学习与掌握，注重学前、学中、学后过程的连贯与互补。

下面YJBYS店铺分享21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册Unit1的内容讲解，欢迎参考!unit 1text alisteningfirst listeningbefore listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following words.grade分数concentrate全神贯注schedule时间表pressure压力selectively有选择地relevant有关的skip over跳过;略过approach方法second listeninglisten to the tape again. then, choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1. the purpose of this listening passage is ____.a) to describe college lifeb) to give advice for college successc) to warn against being lazy at colleged) to increase college enrollment(入学人数)2. according to the listening passage, the most important key to getting good grades at college is _____.a) asking questions in classb) doing assignments ahead of timec) working as hard as you cand) learning how to study effectively3. which of the following does the listening not say you should do?a) organize your time and materials.b) write down every word the professor says in class.c) treat studying like business.d) study together.pre-reading questions1. based on the title, guess what the text is about.2. look at the subheadings, 1-8, in the text. which of these activities do you already do? in which areas do you feel you need improvement?3. are there any "secrets" to your own success as a student? in other words, do you have any special study techniques which have been very successful for you?secrets of a studentsedwin kiester & sally valentine kiesteralex, now a first-year student in natural sciences atcambridge, played football for his school in manchester and directed the school production of a play — but he left school with five a's. amanda, studying english at bristol university, acted in plays at her school and played tennis regularly. yet she still managed to get four a's.how do a students like these do it? brains aren't the only answer. the most gifted students do not necessarily perform best in exams. knowing how to make the most of one's abilities counts for much more.hard work isn't the whole story either. some of these high-achieving students actually put in fewer hours than their lower-scoring classmates. the students at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can easily learn. here, according to education experts and students themselves, are the secrets of a students.1. concentrate! top students allow no interruptions of their study time. once the books are open, phone calls go unanswered, tv unwatched and newspapers unread. "this doesn't mean ignoring important things in your life," amanda explains. "it means planning your study time so that you can concentrate. if i'm worried about a sick friend, i call her before i start my homework. then when i sit down to study, i can really focus."2. study anywhere — or everywhere. a university professor in arizona assigned to tutor underachieving college athletes, recalls a runner who exercised daily. he persuaded him to use the time to memorise biology terms. another student stuck a vocabulary list on his bathroom wall and learned a new word every day while brushing his teeth.3. organize your materials. at school, tom played basketball. "i was too busy to waste time looking for a pencil or a missingnotebook. i kept everything just where i could get my hands on it," he says. paul, a student in new mexico, keeps two folders for each subject —one for the day's assignments, the other for homework completed and ready to hand in. a drawer keeps essentials together and cuts down on time-wasting searches.4. organize your time. when a teacher set a long essay, alex would spend a couple of days reading round the subject and making notes, then he'd do a rough draft and write up the essay. he would aim to finish a couple of days before the assignment was due so that if it took longer than expected, he'd still meet the deadline. amanda stuck to a study schedule that included breaks every two hours. "trying to study when you're overtired isn't smart," she advises. "even a short break to stretch or get some fresh air can work wonders."5. learn how to read. "i used to spend hours going through irrelevant material," amanda remembers. "but then i got used to reading quickly; if the first sentence of a paragraph wasn't relevant, i'd move on to the next paragraph." "the best course i ever took," says an oklahoma student, "was speed-reading. i not only increased my words per minute but also learned to look at a book's table of contents and pictures first. then, when i began to read, i had a sense of the material and i retained a lot more." to such students, the secret of good reading is to be an active reader —one who keeps asking questions that lead to a full understanding of the material being read.6. take good notes. "before writing anything, i pide my page into two parts," says amanda, "the left part is about a third of the page wide; the right, two-thirds. i write my notes in the wider part, and put down the main ideas on the left. during revision, this is very useful because you can see immediately why the material isrelevant, rather than being worried by a great mass of information." just before the end of lesson bell rings, most students close their books, put away papers, talk to friends and get ready to leave. but a smart student uses those few minutes to write two or three sentences about the lesson's main points, which he scans before the next class.7. ask questions. "if you ask questions, you know at once whether you have got the point or not," says alex. class participation is a matter of showing intellectual curiosity. in a lecture on economics, for example, curious students would ask how the chinese economy could be both socialist and market-driven, thus interesting themselves not only in whats, but also in whys and hows.8. study together. the value of working together was shown in an experiment at the university of california at berkeley. a graduate student there who observed a first-year calculus course found that asian-american students discussed homework, tried different approaches and explained their solutions to one another while the others studied alone, spent most of their time reading and rereading the text, and tried the same approach time after time even if it was unsuccessful.after all, the secrets of a students are not so secret. you can learn and master them and become an a student, too.new wordsperformvt. 执行, 完成; 演出, 表演vi. 演出, 表演; 工作, 表现; 执行, 完成high-achievinga. 得高分的lower-scoringa. 得分较低的concentratevi. direct all one's attention, etc. towards sth. 全神贯注;集中思想;专注;专心interruptionn. 打扰; 干扰; 中止; 阻碍ignorevt. take no notice of; refuse to pay attention to!! 不理;忽视focusv. direct attention, etc. on sth. 集中注意力于某事情assignvt. appoint to a job or duty 委派; 指派underachievinga. doing less well than was expected, esp. in school work 未能充分发挥学习潜力的;学习成绩不良的athleten. a person who is good at or who often does spors 运动员recallvt. bring back to the mind; remember 回想(起);记得memorise, -rizevt. learn and remember 记住;熟记missinga. 缺失的，找不到的;失踪的，下落不明的notebookn. small book for writing notes in 笔记本;记事本foldern. 文件夹assignmentn. a duty or piece of work that is given to someone (指定的)作业;(分派的)任务drawern. 抽屉essentialn. (usu. pl.) sth. that is necessary or very important [常用复数] 必需品a. (to, for) necessary; central 绝对必要的.;非常重要的essayn. a short piece of writing giving sb. 's ideas about politics, society, etc. 论说文; 散文draftn. the first rough written form of anything or a rough plan 草稿;草案vt. make a draft of 起草;草拟duea. expected or supposed (to happen, arrive, etc.) 到期的;预定应到的*deadlinen. a date or time before which sth. mush be done or completed 最后期限schedulen. a timetable for things to be done 时间表;日程安排表overtireda. 过度疲劳的stretchvi. 舒展身体，伸懒腰irrelevanta. (to) not having any real connection with or relation to sth. else 不相关的;不相干的relevanta. directly connected with the subject or problem beingdiscussed or considered 相关的; 相干的speed-readingn. 快速阅读perprep.for each 每;每一contentn. 1.(pl.) a list in a book saying what the book contains [复数] 目录2.the subject matter, esp. the ideas, of a book, speech, etc. 内容retainvt. keep (possession of); avoid losing 保持;保留revisionn. 复习;修改scanvt. look at quickly without careful reading 浏览，扫视participationn. 参与;参加participatevi. (in) to take part or have a share in an activity or event 参与;参加intellectuala. of intellect 知识的;智力的n. 知识分子。

21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册课程6内容详解21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册课程6内容详解导语：书呆子一般指只读书而不会用书上的知识变通的'人，下面是一篇题为书呆子和怪人的英语课文，欢迎大家阅读。

Nerds and GeeksLeonid FridmanThere is something very wrong with the system of values in a society that has only unkind terms like nerd and geek for the intellectually curious and academically serious.We all know what a nerd is: someone who wears thick glasses and ugly clothes; someone who knows all the answers to the chemistry or math homework but can never get a date on a Saturday night. And a geek, according to "Webster's New World Dictionary," is a street performer who shocks the public by biting off heads of live chickens. It is a revealing fact about our language and our culture that someone dedicated to pursuit of knowledge is compared to such a freak.Even at a prestigious educational institution like Harvard, anti-intellectualism is widespread: Many students are ashamed to admit, even to their friends, how much they study.Although most students try to keep up their grades, there is but a small group of undergraduates for whom pursuing knowledge is the most important thing during their years at Harvard. Nerds are looked down upon while athletes are made heroes of.The same thing happens in U.S. elementary and high schools. Children who prefer to read books rather than play football, prefer to build model airplanes rather than idle away their time at parties with their classmates, become social outcasts. Becauseof their intelligence and refusal to conform to society's anti-intellectual values, many are deprived of a chance to learn adequate social skills and acquire good communication tools.Enough is enough.Nerds and geeks must stop being ashamed of what they are. Those who don't study hard must stop teasing those who do, the bright kids with thick glasses. The anti-intellectual values that have spread throughout American society must be fought.There are very few countries in the world where anti-intellectualism runs as high in popular culture as it does in the U.S.. In most industrialized nations, not least of all our economic rivals in East Asia, a kid who studies hard is praised and held up as an example to other students.In many parts of the world, university professorships are the most prestigious and materially rewarding positions. But not in America, where average professional ballplayers are much more respected and better paid than professors of the best universities.How can a country where typical parents are ashamed of their daughter studying mathematics instead of going dancing, or of their son reading Weber while his friends play baseball be expected to compete in the technology race with Japan? How long can America remain a world-class power if we constantly put social skills and physical strength over academic achievement and intellectual ability?Do we really expect to stay afloat largely by importing our scientists and intellectuals from abroad, as we have done for a major portion of this century without making an effort to also cultivate a pro-intellectual culture at home? Even if we have the political will to spend a lot more money on education than we do now, do we think we can improve our schools if we laugh at ourhardworking pupils and fail to respect their impoverished teachers?Our fault lies not so much with our economy or with our politics as within ourselves, our values and our image of a good life. America's culture has not adapted to the demands of our times, to the economic realities that demand a highly educated workforce and innovative intelligent leadership.If we are to succeed as a society in the 21 st century, we had better do away with our anti-intellectualism and teach our children that a good life depends on exercising one's mind and pursuing knowledge to the full extent of one's abilities.Not until the words "nerd" and "geek" become terms of praise rather than insults do we stand a chance.Second ListeningListen to the tape again. Then, choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1. The main purpose of this listening passage is to_________.A) argue against higher salaries for athletesB) offer solutions to current economic problemsC) complain about the lack of respect for intellectualsD) describe changes in the English language2. What is the meaning of the words "nerd" and "geek"?A) They are insulting terms which are applied to smart students.B) They are used in the U.S. to describe students from other countries.C) A nerd is a good student and a geek is a poor student.D) A nerd is a poor student and a geek is a good student.3. The passage says that in nations other than the U.S.,_________.A) hardworking students are praisedB) professors are paid better salariesC) more respect is given to intellectualsD) all of the above4. The passage suggests that the words "nerd" and "geek" should_________.A) be made illegalB) become words of praise, rather than insultsC) be used to describe athletes instead of studentsD) all of the abovePre-reading Questions1. Have you heard the terms, "nerd" and "geek", before? If so, explain what they refer to. If not, read the first two paragraphs and try to guess their meaning from the context. Discuss your ideas with your classmates.2. In China, how are the most hardworking and intelligent students seen by the rest of society? Has this view changed over time? Explain.3. Based on the introductory and concluding paragraphs, what is the author's opinion about the situation in America?。

21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册词汇Graduate a.研究生的n.有学位者；大学毕业生vi.毕业Graduate student 研究生Calculus n.微积分Approach v.靠近；接近n.方式；方法Solution n.解决(办法)make the most of 充分利用count for much 很有价值或重要性count for little 没有多少价值或重要性not the whole story 不是全部情况only part of the story 只是部分情况put in 花费(时间或金钱)get one's hands on 把…弄到手lay one's hands on 把…弄到手hand in 交上，提交Keep...together 把…聚在一起cut down on 减少stick to 坚持；不放弃，不改变work wonders 创奇迹；产生奇妙作用go through 从头至尾看；遍查lead to 导致；引起a couple of (两)个；两三(个)write up 写出，写成put away 把(某物)收藏在合适的地方time after time 一再；屡次Text BBittersweet a.又苦又甜的；苦乐参半的Excitement n.激动，兴奋Preference n.偏爱，优先Subtly ad.微妙地，巧妙地Particular a.某一的；特定的Locate vt.[常用被动语态]使…坐落于，把…设置在Establish vt.确立，确定Financially ad.经济方面地Financial a.金融的，财政的Feasible a.可行的Perspective n.想法；观点Concern n.感兴趣的事；关心的事vt.使关心，使挂念Shift vi.转变，转移n.(in)转变，转移Attractive a.有吸引力的Assurance n.保证；自信，把握Survive v.(从困境中)挺过来；经历(事故等)而幸存Horrible a.可怕的；骇人的Transfer vi.转学；转移，调动Senior n.(中学)最高年级学生；(大学)四年级学生Underclass a.低年级的Rung n.梯级Despite prep.尽管，任凭Anticipation n.预期，期望Anticipate vt.预期，期望Impact n.影响，撞击；冲击Strain n.[常用复数]乐曲；旋律；曲调Pomp n.壮丽景色，壮观；(典礼等的) 盛况Circumstance n.环境；情形；情况Echo n.回声，回声vi.回响，发出回声Background n.背景Gown n.长袍Solemnly ad.严肃地，庄严地Solemn a.庄重的，严肃的File vi.排成纵队行进，鱼贯而行Auditorium n.礼堂Consume vt.使不知所措，压倒Daze n.迷乱，恍惚Stage n.主席台，舞台Diploma n.毕业文凭，学位证书Brand n.(商品的)名牌Brand-new a.崭新的；全新的Prospect n.前景Routine n.常规Commute n.上学放学(或上下班)的往返交通Abhor vt.憎恶，厌恶Treasure n.珍爱，珍惜come of age 成年，满法定年龄be on one's own 独自一人；以独力look over sb.'s shoulder 监视某人on the other hand 另一方面keep up 保持良好状态；不落后；跟上What if 如果…将会怎样?turn out (to be) 最后证明是，原来是，结果竟是set in 到来，开始file into 排成纵队进入well up (眼泪等)涌上in a daze 茫然之中reach out 伸出(手或臂)as for 至于，关于for good 永远Unit TwoText AConversational a.会话的，交谈的Conversation n.谈话；会谈Ballgame n.球类活动Gradually ad.逐渐Startle vt.使惊吓，使惊奇Halt vi.(使)停住，(使)停止n.停住，停止Handle vt.处理，应付Style n.（写作或说话的）风格；文风；文体Unconsciously ad.无意识地，不知不觉地Challenge n.挑战；质疑vt.向…挑战；对…质疑Disagree vi.有分歧，不同意Response n.回答；回应，反应Original a.起初的；原来的Bounce vi.(球)弹起，(球)反弹Objection n.反对，异议Forth ad.向前；向外Responsible a.负有责任的，有责任的Bowling n.保龄球Relative a.相对的，比较的n.亲戚，亲属Previous a.先前的；以前的Junior a.级别或地位较低的，年少的，较年幼的Bowl vt.把(球)投向球瓶Lane n.球道；车道；胡同，小巷Pin n.球瓶；大头针，别针Register vt.记录，登记Suitable a.合适的；适当的Impatience n.不耐烦；急躁Snatch vt.抓住；夺，夺得Alley n.小巷，小街，胡同；球道Bowler n.投球手Apart ad.成碎片Parallel a.平行的，并列的Switch vi.改变，转移join in 参加(活动)，参与come to a halt 停住，停止；停顿even if/though 即使，尽管just as 正如；同样地back and forth 来回地，反复地and so on 等等knock down 击倒；撞倒fall apart 破裂；破碎；以失败告终call on 号召；请求refer to 谈到，提及after all 毕竟Unit ThreeText ASunshine n.阳光Infant n.婴儿Musician n.乐师；作曲家Pray vi.祈求；祈祷Spoon n.匙，调羹Faintly ad.微弱地，轻微地Resemble vt.类似，像Drum n.鼓Tire vt.(使)感到疲劳；(使)厌倦；(使)厌烦Sighted a. 看得见的，不盲的，有视力的Harmonica n.口琴Amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊羡Porch n.(建筑物前有顶的)门廊，入口处Apartment n.公寓大楼；一套公寓房间Clap vi.拍手Miracle n.奇迹Promptly ad.及时地，迅速地Company n.公司；商号Audition n.(对志愿艺人等的)面试(指试读、试唱等) Kid n.小孩Congratulate vt.祝贺Youngster n.男孩，年轻人Talent n.天才；天资；超常智能；人才Decade n.十年，十年期Dart n.猛冲，飞奔Instrument n.仪器；器具；乐器；器械Ease n.容易；安适；悠闲；无痛苦；无忧虑Fingertip n.指尖Smash v.粉碎；打碎n.轰动的演出，巨大的成功Adulthood n.成年Aspect n.方面Career n.生涯，职业Formula n.公式，程式；准则，方案Explore v.勘探；探索；探测Gospel n.福音音乐(美国黑人的一种宗教音乐) Jazz n.爵士音乐Rhythm n.韵律；节奏Album n.(同一表演者的)集锦密纹唱片；集邮册，相册Mature a.充分发育的；(智力或体力)成熟的Independent a.独立的，自主的Tragedy n.惨事，灾变；悲剧Involve vt.使陷入，使卷入；牵扯，连累Coma n.昏迷Musical a.音乐的Genius n.天才，创造能力；天才人物Conquer vt.征服；克服(困难等) Performance n.表演，演奏，演出Reevaluate vt.重新评价Goal n.(足球等的)球门；得分进球；目的；目标Hunger n.饥饿Creative vt.创造；创作；创建Urge vt.力劝；恳求；敦促Racial a.种族的，由种族引起的Harmony n.和睦，融洽，一致Apartheid n.(南非的)种族隔离Fame n.名声，名望Activity n.活动；行动break into 突然(哭、唱、笑)起来bring up 抚养；养育as far as 就…；尽…；至于get tired of 厌倦，厌烦wear out 把…用坏；把…穿破with ease 容易地，无困难地grow into 成长为congratulate oneself on 因…而暗自庆幸congratulate oneself that 因…而暗自庆幸with ease 容易地，无困难地grow into 成长为Text BPsychologist n.心理学家self-image n.自我意象Define vt.规定；限定；给…下定义；解释Impression n.印象，感想Growth n.成长；生长Concept n.观念；概念Potential a.潜在的，可能的n.潜力，潜能Image n.(头脑中的)形象；概念Negative a.否定的Case n.实例，情况；病症，病例Presently ad.现在，目前React v.反应，起反应Suggestion n.建议，意见Replace vt. 代替，取代Instance n.例子，实例Subject n.(实验等的)对象Dart n.猛冲，飞奔bull's-eye n.靶心Target n.靶；目标Chess n.棋Accurately ad.准确地；精确地Salesmanship n.推销(术)；游说(术) Improvement n.改进，增进Unrealistic a.不现实的Inferior a.较劣的，差的，次的Justice n.正义，公正Movie n.电影test-taking n.参加测试，应试Backhand a.(网球等运动中)反手的Stroke n.敲；打，击；(网球等的)击球Interview vi.面试，面谈；接见；采访Vivid a.生动的；栩栩如生的；鲜艳的Detail n.细节；详情self-concept n.自我概念Error n.错误；差错Humiliation n.屈辱，丢脸Dwell （on,upon）vi.老是想着；详细讲述Guilty a.内疚的；(of)有罪的Embarrass vt.使窘迫；使为难Realistic a.现实的；实际可行的Expectation n.期待，期望Dissatisfaction n.不满Perfection n.完美；完善Disappoint vt.使失望Doom vt.注定，命定build up 逐步建立chances are (that) 很可能...be based on 以…为依据，基于for instance 例如in line with 与…一致；符合do justice to oneself 充分发挥自己的能力do oneself justice 充分发挥自己的能力set aside 留出，拨出improve on (upon) 改进work on 从事于，致力于wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭do harm 危害；损害take over 取得主导地位，接收，接管，接办from the start 从一开始Unit FourText AWashwoman n.洗衣妇Wrinkled a.有皱纹的Wrinkle n.皱纹vt.使起皱纹Jewish a.犹太人的Sickly a.常病的Possess vt.拥有，具有Generation n.代，一代for(e)bear n.[常用复数]祖先Bundle n.捆，包，束Laundry n.付洗衣物；已洗好的衣物；洗衣房，洗衣店Accumulate n.积累，积聚Launder v.洗熨衣物Pump n.泵，抽(水)机Attic n.阁楼；顶楼Clothesline n.晾衣绳Endure vt.忍受(痛苦、困难等)，耐住Bless vt.(with)使具有，使有权得到Bear vt.承担(责任等)Wedding n.婚礼Bride n.新娘Altar n.(教堂内的)圣坛，祭坛Kitchen n.厨房，灶间Teapot n.茶壶Fingernail n.指甲Stubbornness n.倔强；顽强Stubborn a.顽固的，倔强的；顽强的，坚持的Stagger vi.摇晃着移动；蹒跚n.摇晃不稳的动作；蹒跚Catastrophe n.灾难，灾祸，大祸Collapse vi.(健康等)垮掉；倒坍Premonition n.预感Mourn (for,over)vi.(尤指对某人的亡故)感到悲痛；哀悼Faithfully ad.忠实地；确切地；如实地Faithful a.忠实的；忠诚的；如实的Puff n.(空气、烟雾等的)一阵，一股Totter vi.蹒跚；踉跄Linen n.亚麻布或线；亚麻织品a.亚麻(布)的Utter v.说，讲；发出(声音)half-choked a.半哽住的Corpse n.死尸，尸体Unload vt.卸(货)；从卸下货物vi.卸货Mumble vi.咕哝，含糊地说(话)Sunken a.下陷的；凹陷的Recover vi.(from)痊愈，复原；恢复Somewhat ad.稍微，有点Priest n.牧师，神父Inform vt.(of,about)告诉，通知Contribute vt.捐(款)，贡献，提供(帮助)Coffin n.棺材Resume n.(中断后)重新开始，继续Mutter vt.轻声含糊地说Load n.一包(洗的衣物)；负载,负荷vt.装货(或人) Property n.财产；所有物Fulfil,-fill vt.履行，完成Undertake vt.承担lean on 靠在…上，倚在…上count out 逐一数出be blessed with 有幸得到，具有take place 发生；产生a good / great deal of 大量speak of 显示，表明at (the) most 至多hear of 获知…消息，听到…消息stand / be on one's feet 站起；(病后)恢复健康with the help of 在…的帮助下God forbid! 上天不容!Text BFencing n.筑栅栏的材料Pickup n.小卡车，轻型货车Credit n.赊欠；信用Charity n.施舍；施舍物Racism n.种族主义，种族歧视Cash n.现金，现款Register vt.记录，登记Weathered a.饱经风霜的Hardware n.[总称]五金器件，五金制品；硬件Counter n.柜台Purchase n.所购物品vt.买，购买Cynical a.(对人性或动机)怀疑的，不信世道向善的Daddy n.爸爸，爹爹Neighborly n.像邻居一样的；友善的Adult n.成年人a.成年人的Earn vt.博得，赢得；赚得，掐得Immense a.巨大的，极大的Decent a.正派的；得体的；体面的，过得去的Compromise n.妥协；妥协方案vt.损害vi.妥协，让步Stake n.利害关系；赌注Responsibility n.(for,to)责任，责任心Propel vt.推进，推动；激励；驱策Eventually ad.终于，最后Motivation n.动机public relations n.公共关系，公关Restore vt.恢复Neighbourhood n.四邻，街坊Reverse a.背面的，反面的；相反的n.背面；反面Coin n.硬币Drug n.成瘾性致幻毒品，麻醉药；药Abuse vt.滥用；妄用Alcohol n.含酒精的饮料，酒；酒精Pregnant a.怀孕的；怀胎的Wedlock n.婚姻，已婚状态Attribute vt.（to）把…归因于，把归咎于Unwed a.没有结婚的，未婚的Commit vt.使承担义务，使作出保证Influence n.影响；有影响的人(或物) vt.对..有作用Portray vt.描写，描述Sustain vt.维持，使继续Civilization n.文明，文明世界Vanish vi.消失Profanity n.(使用)亵渎语言(或行动) Reputation n.声誉，声望；名声；好名声Legacy n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西Uphold vt.维护，维持；保持；拥护；确认Sibling n.同胞手足(指兄、弟、姐或妹)Pave vt.铺(路)，铺砌on one's mind 压在心头be good for (人或其信用)有偿还…能力的on credit 用赊欠的方法，凭信用open a door to 导致；为…创造机会keep one's word 遵守诺言do wrong 犯罪；干坏事have a stake in 与…有利害关系out of habit 出于习惯think of...as 把…看作the reverse side of the coin 问题的另一面out of wedlock 婚外Attribute...to 把…归因于be committed to 对…承担义务；承诺做…think twice 再想一想，重新考虑care about 对…关心；注意pass on 传给(后代)to this day 到现在，至今know of 听说，了解pave the way (for) 为…铺平道路；导致Unit SixText ANerd n.[俚语]讨厌鬼；呆子Geek n.[俚语]反常的人，畸形人；野人System n.系统，体系；制度，体制Term n.(有特定意义的)词，词语；术语Date n.(尤指男女间的)约会；(异性的)约会对象Shock n.震惊vt.震惊Bite v.咬Reveal vt.揭示，揭露；暴露；上帝(启示) Delicate a.献(身)，把(时间、精力等)用于Pursuit n.追求；寻求Freak n.怪人Prestigious a.有威望的，有声望的，受尊敬的Educational a.教育的，有教育意义的Institution n.(教育、慈善、宗教性质的)社会公共机构anti-intellectualism n.反对(或敌视)知识分子的行为Admit vt.承认(事实、错误等) Undergraduate n.(尚未取得学位的)大学生，大学本科生Pursue vt.追求，寻求Elementary a.基础的，初级的Prefer vt.(to)宁可，更喜欢；宁愿(选择) Airplane n.飞机Idle a.空闲的；闲着的；懒散的vt.虚度Social a.社会的，社交的，交际的Outcast a.被遗弃者，被逐出者Intelligence n.智力；理解力Refusal n.拒绝Conform vi.(to)遵照，顺从anti-intellectual a.反对知识分子的；反知识的Deprive vt.(of)夺去；剥夺；使丧失Adequate a.足够的Acquire vt.取得；获得；学到，习得Tease vt.取笑，戏弄Industrialize vt.(使)工业化Economic a.经济的；经济学的Rival n.竞争者，对手Professorship n.教授职位Materially ad.物质上Rewarding a.值得做的；报酬丰厚的Average a.平常的Professional a.职业性的，非业余的Baseball n.棒球(运动)Compete vi.竞争world-class a.世界级的；世界一流水平的Academic a.(高等)教学的；学术的Afloat a.(在经济上)应付裕如的；浮在水上的Largely ad.主要地；大量地Import vt.进口，输入n.[常用复数]进口商品Abroad ad.到国外，在国外Major a.较大的，较多的，较重要的Portion n.一部分，一份Cultivate vt.培育，培养pro-intellectual a.有利于知识分子的；促进理性知识的Impoverished a.穷困的Adapt vi.适应vt.使适应，使适合Educate vt.教育；培养；训练Workforce n.劳动大军，劳动力Innovative a.革新的；富有革新精神的Intelligent a.聪明的，睿智的Leadership n.领导层Extent n.程度，限度Insult vt.&n.侮辱bite off 咬掉be dedicated to 致力于，献身于look down on 轻视，看不起idle away 浪费(时间)conform to 遵照；符合be deprived of 被夺去；被剥夺not least of all 尤其be held up as 被推举为；被展示为instead of 代替；而不是…lie with 应由…(承担责任)；(作出决定等)得靠…adapt to 适应do away with 废除，去掉stand a chance 有可能，有希望Text BLifestyle n.生活方式Trend n.倾向，趋向，趋势Fad n.(一时的)风尚Style n.时髦，时尚；式样，类型Sunglasses n.[复数]太阳眼镜，墨镜Jeans n.[复数]牛仔裤；牛仔服Sushi n.寿司(一种日本食品)Jog vi.慢跑(尤指健身锻炼)Pasta n.意大利面制品；意大利面食(包括细面条等) Escape vi.逃跑；逃脱n.避免；逃避Fashion n.(服饰等的)流行式样；(行为等的)风尚Slang n.俚语Specific a.特定的；特有的；具体的；明确的Celebrity n.名流；名人Politician n.政治家；[贬]政客Elderly a.上了年纪的，中年以上的Commercial n.(电视或无线电中的)商业广告a.商业的Hamburger n.汉堡包(即面包夹煎牛肉饼)Beef n.牛肉Exterminator n.灭害(如老鼠等)为业的人(或公司、企业) Customer n.顾客，主顾Insect n.昆虫Advertisement n.广告Cockroach n.蟑螂Manufacturer n.制造商；制造厂Profit n.利润Groovy a.[俚语]顶刮刮的，绝妙的Awesome a.[俚语]精彩的，绝妙的Irrational a.无理性的，失去理性的Rational a.理性的；理智的；合理的；出于理性的Creative a.创造的；创造性的in-group n.内集团，自己人小团体Consumer n.消费者，用户Additional a.另外的，附加的Frequent a.时常发生的；频繁的Personal a.私人的，个人的Nationwide a.全国性的；全国范围的Aerobic a.需氧的；增氧健身法的；有氧的Diet n.日常饮食，日常食物；特种饮食，规定饮食Similar a.类似的，相似的in style 流行out of style 不流行out of date 过时的on (the) top of 在…之上go fashion 开始流行be in fashion 在流行go out of fashion 不再流行be out of fashion 不再流行and the like 之类，等等break down 崩溃，坍塌point out 指出participate in 参加，参与Unit SevenText ADeadeye a.神射手的Grader n.(美)(中小学的)…年级学生Newcomer n.新来的人Ignorant a.无知的Prevail vi.（among，in）流行，盛行Wisdom n.看法，意见；智慧Spoil vt.损坏，糟蹋；宠坏，溺爱Nasty a.凶恶的Chase vt.追逐，追赶Deplore vt.哀叹，对…深感遗憾Whereas conj.虽然；而View vt.看待；考虑Liberal a.开明的Gulp vi.喘不过气，哽住follow-up n.紧接着的问题，后续事物Bungle vt.把…搞糟Mess vt.凌乱，一团糟Dimension n.特点，特性Pet n.宠儿，得宠的人；爱畜，宠物Merely ad.仅仅，只不过Presence n.出席；到场；存在Derivative a.被引申出的；缺乏独创性的，第二手的Buddy n.好朋友，伙伴Tentatively ad.犹豫地，迟疑不决地Venture vt.大胆说，不揣冒昧说出Confident a.有信心的，自信的Impulsively ad.一时冲动地Hunk n.(一)大片，(一)厚块Gum n.橡胶，口香糖Eraser n.橡皮；黑板擦Gasp vi.急促地吸气，倒抽一口气Creep vi.爬行；匍匐潜行Hurriedly ad.匆忙地Roar vi.大笑；狂笑Icebreaker n.破冰船；打破僵局的东西Afterwards ad.以后，后来Legend n.传说，传奇故事battle one's way 一路奋战move in 迁入，搬进come of 产生，是…的结果ease in (小心翼翼地)使逐步适应go at 向…冲来among other things 除了别的以外；其中clean up 把…打扫干净；清理day after day 日复一日地by chance 偶然，碰巧Text BCompetent a.有能力的；胜任的Freshman n.大学一年级学生(可兼指男女) Enthusiastic a.热情的，热心的Sensitive a.(to)敏感的；善解人意的Determine vt.决定；决心Determined a.决意的；已下决心的Slender a.细长的，苗条的Perch vt.使飞落，使暂栖；使蹲踞于vi.(鸟)飞落Polish vt.擦，擦亮Cardigan n.卡迪根式开襟毛线衣Sweater n.针织套衫，羊毛套衫Rainy a.下雨的；多雨的Substitute vt.用…代替，代以Raincoat n.雨衣Sparkle vi.(眼睛)熠熠发光Somehow ad.以某种方式，用某种方法Reassure v.使放心，使消除疑虑Formal a.拘谨的；正式的Stern a.严厉的，严格的Occasion n.场合，时刻Ironic a.讽刺的，挖苦的Steadily ad.稳定地；不变地；持续地Offend vt.冒犯，得罪，使生气Tone n.音，音调；语气Personality n.人格；个性Integrity n.诚实，正直Vitality n.生气，活力Pop n.砰的一声vi.发出砰的响声；突显quiz(ze) n.测验pop quiz 突击测验Current a.跟上…(进展)的；现时的，当前的Occasional a.偶尔的，偶发的Literary a.文学(上)的Brief a.短暂的，短时间的Glance n.一瞥；扫视vi.(粗略地)一看；扫视Lectern n.(演讲者放讲稿的)讲台(或立架) Socratic a.苏格拉底问答法的Dominate v.控制，统治，支配Respond vi.回答，答复；作出反应Wink vi.眨眼，使眼色tough-minded a.意志坚强的，绝强的Sloppy a.粗心的，草率的Inattention n.不注意；漫不经心Avail n.效果；作用Expatriate n.移居国外者for the most part 多半，通常light up 照亮；(脸)露喜色at ease 自在；舒适，不拘束on occasion 偶尔，有时keep one's distance from 保持(与…的)距离；回避all right (用以加强语气)确实，无疑地to no avail 全无结果，徒劳on one's own 独自地；独立地。