衡水金卷四答案

绝密★启用前2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题理综(四) 生物部分本试题卷共16页，38题(含选考题)。

全卷满分300分。

考试用时150分钟。

注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、考号等填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡，上的非答题区域均无效。

4.选考题的作答：先把所选题目的题号在答题卡上指定的位置用2B铅笔涂黑，答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

第I卷一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求。

1.不同生物的细胞所含有的结构和化学成分等是辨别不同细胞的重要依据，据表分析对应正确的是2.下列与细胞结构和功能有关的说法，正确的是A.原核细胞没有线粒体，因而不能进行有氧呼吸B.在叶绿体内存在DNA聚合酶、RNA聚合酶等多种酶C.被溶酶体内的酶分解形成的产物，均将作为代谢废物排出细胞D.真核细胞中蛋白质合成后均需经内质网、高尔基体加工3.下列与探究酶特性的实验有关的说法，错误的是A.探究酶的专一性，可以设置底物相同，酶不同的实验组合B.探究酶的高效性实验中催化剂的种类是自变量C.探究温度对酶活性的影响实验中选择的酶不宜为过氧化氢酶D.探究pH对酶活性影响的实验中无关变量不会影响实验结果4.如图表示哺乳动物的生殖活动与光照周期间的关系。

在黑暗中时，动物褪黑素的分泌加强，有光照时则停止分泌。

已知褪黑素能够抑制下丘脑分泌促性腺激素释放激素和垂体分泌促性腺激素。

下列相关说法错误的是A.在光照条件下雄性哺乳动物的性欲会加强B.图示生命活动的调节过程有神经调节和体液调节C.去甲肾上腺素释放到细胞外是通过消耗能量的胞吐过程完成的D.若给动物注射一定剂量的性激素，则促性腺激素的水平会升高5.人类ABO血型是根据红细胞表面有无特异性抗原A和B来划分的，ABO血型由复等位基因I A、I B、i控制。

(衡水金卷)2018年一般高等学校招生全国一致考试模拟英语试题四.doc（衡水金卷） 2018 年一般高等学校招生全国一致考试模拟英语试题四第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分）第一节（共15小题；每题2分，满分30分）阅读下边短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最正确选项。

AIf you have a long holiday to spend, where can you go?Nikoi Island, IndonesiaLess than 85 km– but somehow a whole world away– from Singapore’ s shining skyline lies Nikoi Island. Surrounded by white sandy shorelines andvivid coral reefs, Nikoi ’centres is hidden in rainforest,resulting in amazingbiodiversity seen in its native plants, animals and bird life. Marrying traditionalIndonesian craftsmanship with contemporary design, Nikoi boasts just 15stilted （建于支柱上的） beach houses, all with breathtaking sea views,guaranteeing privacy and total escape from the daily grind.Amanpulo, PhilippinesThe only property on Pamalican Island,the luxurious Amanpulo resortoffers extremely impressive accommodation,with only access to over fivekilometres of clean coral sand beach. Designed to resemble indigenous BahayKubo homes, Amanpulo’ s beachside, treetop and hillside villas all featurecomfortable decks with hammocks （吊床） from which to enjoy the spectacularviews of the greenish -blue sea below. Fill your schedule with Amanpulo’ ssignature aquatic adventures (including diving, windsurfing and sailing),recharge in the award-winning spa or feast upon locally caught seafood– thechoice is yours.Song Saa, CambodiaSong Saa ’ s incredible ocean views, and breathtaking sunsets are a verytypical example of pure paradise. Its 24 villas– each with their-viewown seaprivate plunge pool– are designed to reflect the natural beauty of Cambodia’ scoastline; built from recycled wood with straw roofs and driftwood furnishings, these presences are stylish proof of Song Saa’ sadmirable commitment tosustainability（连续）and conservation. You can choose to do as much or aslittle as you want here, with rainforest tours, island safaris and reef snorkellingjust some of the activities on offer that showcase this spectacular destination.1.What can we see in the center of Nikoi’ s Island?A. Lands of desert.B. Streams and rivers.C. Kinds of animals and plants.D. Tall buildings.2.What can we learn about the Amanpulo’ s villas?A. They are made of bricks.B. We can have a good view of the sea there.C. They are very expensive.D. We can learn much historic stories from them.3.What activity can you enjoy in Song Saa?A. Diving.B. White rafting.C. Mountain -climbing.D. Rainforest tour.BNatural selection is the process by which one type of animal within a species thrives because of certain characteristics that make it more likely to live than others in its group. The history of the peppered moth （灰蛾） is an example of the natural selection process.In 19th century England, certain types of peppered moths were able to better blend （交融） into their surroundings. During that time period, great changes were happening in Great Britain. The Industrial Revolution was part of this change, and with it came air pollution. Natural selection often takes hundred or even thousands of years to occur. For the peppered moth, this process occurred comparatively quickly.At the beginning of the Industrial Age, most peppered moths in England were light -colored and covered with black markings, although a few moths had dark -colored wings. Because the light -colored moths blended into thelight -colored bark on the trees, they could not be easily seen by birds that wouldeat them. As the air grew more polluted, however, tree trunks became coveredwith soot （烟煤） and became darker. The light -colored moths became easy forbirds to see against the dark tree trunks. Since the dark -colored moths now hadthe advantage, their numbers grew. Within 50 years, the peppered moth wentfrom being mostly light -colored to being mostly dark -colored.In the 20th century, the air cleared up, and the peppered moth populationchanged again. As tree trunks lighted due to less soot in the air, light-colored moths once again had an advantage. Their numbers increased as soot levelsdeclined. Depending on their environment, the coloration of the moths helpedthem to be“ naturally selected” to survive.4. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word“ thrives ” in the first paragraph?A. Reduces.B. Booms.C. Changes.D. Endangers.5. What can we infer about the peppered moth’ s natural selection process?A. The length of time was unusual.B. The soot levels in England did not affect it.6. What ’ s the difference between light-colored and dark -colored moths?A. Dark -colored moths were originally easy to see on trees.B. Both kinds of moths preferred the dark-colored trees.C. Birds failed to see light -colored moths.D. The color of moths was unimportant.7. Which would most likely happen if soot darkened England’ s trees again?A. Birds would eat fewer moths.B. Moths would not be able to stay alive.C. Light -colored moths would disturb people’ s life.D. The population of dark -colored moths would increase.CHaving three cancer patients in the same household can turn a wholefamily upside down. Michelle Bruce, her husband, Jeremy, and their son,Holden, all had cancer. The family moved to Michelle’ s hometown of Franklin, Nebraska six years ago, so her parents could help.Doctors found Holden’ s brain tumor（肿瘤）, when he was 12 years old. Hisfamily was living in a small town at the time, but there were related doctors inthe state. Holden had two operations in Omaha clinic, both of which weretough.When Holden ’ s cancer came back again in 2012, nothing could be done.But the family didn’ t give up. They reached out to Boston Children’ s Hospital, which has better equipment and doctors with more experience operating onkids. After looking at Holden’ s records, the doctor sent back her diagnosis: Shewas confident that she could remove the tumor.The family was beyond relieved, until they learned insurance wouldn ’ tcover any of the operation’ s costs. The operation would cost $39,000–more than the parents could afford. The family got desperate.In a town of just 1,000 people, however, word traveled fast. Within days, alocal woman Michelle had never met in person called to say she was planningan event to raise money for Holden. Michelle was touched.The event was uplifting. Finally, the town raised $45,000–enough to cover not just Holden’ s hospital bills, but for Michelle and Jeremy’ s trip to Boston with their son.“ I just didn’ t know what to say,” said Michelle.“ Nobody could really believe it.”Holden ’ soperation went much more smoothly than the first two. He iscancer -free and now is attending Central Community College -Hastings on afull -ride scholarship.8. Where did Michelle’ s parents live?A. Florida.B. Boston.C. Omaha.D.Franklin.9. Why did Holden’ s family go to Boston Children’ s hospital?A. Because it was near their home.B. Because it had better equipment and doctors.C. Because the medical expense there was cheaper.D. Because they were familiar with the doctors there.10. What was the feeling of the family when they learned the operationA. They were in despair.B. They were very delighted.C. They were very surprised.D. They remained calm.11. What is the best title of the passage?A. World ’ s Best Cancer DoctorsB. Brave Boy Who Conquered His CancerC. 1,000 People Saved A Teen’ s LifeD. Country’ s Welfare System ShinedDIt ’ s just been three months after the first bike -sharing company arrived in Singapore, but reports of abuse and vandalism（成心损坏）of shared bikes inthe city keep appearing on social media.The majority of these shared bikes are stationless, which means they donneed to be stopped at a designated（指定的）spot. They lock themselves after your ride is over, and you’ re meant to just leave the bike at the side of a road.But users have been chaining up bicycles outside their apartments, preventing others from using them. Some people bring them up to their apartment floors, so they can’ t be found easily by other users. Some people have removed the bikes’ number plates or codes, and some even have painted over the bikes to claim the bikes for themselves. Most of the abused bikes belong to either Singapore -based oBike, or ofo, a bike -sharing giant based in China.’ s cost?’ tofo has encouraged Singaporean users to report issues. oBike said thatthe number of bicycles that were damaged made up less than one percent of itsfleet. The company said in February that it planned to bring in “ tensofthousands ” of bikes by mid-2017. The company has yet to ban anyone from itsservice, but said that it would take appropriate action–including making reports to the police.oBike also introduced a shortcoming system, similar to that of its competitor, China -based Mobike. Users start with 100 points, which get takenaway for errant（出格的）behaviour such as forgetting to lock the bike, or parkingat non -designated areas. Users are banned from using oBike when their scoresreach zero. oBike has an eight -man operation team that can remove bicyclesparked casually.When approached for comment, Mobike said,“ InChina,just as in Singapore, there are always a tiny minority of people who abuse the bikes, sowe designed our system to prevent this type of abuse.”12.Who is the owner of most of the abused bikes?A.Chinese government.B.Local government.C.A bike-sharing giant based in China.D.The users of the bikes.13.What is the attitude of the oBike toward the abuse of bikes?A. Tolerant.B. Indifferent.C. Supportive.D.Disapproving.14. What is the meaning of the underlined word“ that” in the fifth paragraph?A.System.B.Bike.pany.D.Report.15.What can we learn from the passage about shared bikes?A.They will be introduced soon.B.The abuse of the bikes is on the increase.C. They are very expensive.D. They are well preserved by users.第二节（共5小题；每题2分，满分10分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。

衡水金卷高三第四次模拟考试新高考语文试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

1、阅读下面的文字，完成小题。

田野里出世的婴孩[土耳其]奥尔汉·凯马尔在一望无际的棉田里，太阳似乎主宰着一切，农场工人们汗水涔涔，有节奏地不断挥动锄头。

随着锄头均匀的起落声，农场工人们哼着歌。

法尔霍那双肿胀的手满是汗水，他把汗都揩在那条宽松的黑裤子上，掉过头去用布满血丝的眼睛瞧着他身旁挥锄头的妻子，说：“怎么？你怎么啦？”古丽沙是一个肩膀宽宽的结实女人，干瘪的脸上淌着亮晶晶的汗珠。

由于剧痛，脸已经不成样儿，而且露出一道道的皱纹。

她没有回答。

法尔霍用胳膊狠狠推她的腰部：“你到底怎么啦？”古丽沙用疲倦的眼神瞥了丈夫一眼。

她的眼睛深深地陷在眼窝里，怪吓人的。

这时锄头忽地从她手中滑落，掉在地上，她用手紧紧按住大肚子，俯下身去，在红棕色的土地上跪了下来。

监视他们干活的汉子撑着黑色的太阳伞站在一旁，这时叫了起来：“古丽沙！不要再干了，走开吧！”她痛得死去活来，使出常人罕有的力气，咬紧牙关控制自己。

她突然呻吟起来：“哎哟……”对一个女人来说，劳动时被陌生人听到这种声音真是丢脸。

法尔霍咒骂起来，飞起右腿朝妻子的腰部狠狠踢了一脚。

女人驯服地蹲在地上。

她知道这副样子丈夫是不会宽恕的。

她两手撑着地挣扎着站起来时，监工又说：“古丽沙！快走！娘儿！现在你赶快走，快！”她朝离她一千英尺光景远的沟渠走去，这是农场的边界。

法尔霍咆哮着，看到九岁的女儿赤脚站在监工的身旁，吩咐她说：“你得代你妈干活！”女孩知道现在该轮到她了。

专业课原理概述部分一、选择题（每题1分，共5分）1. 下列哪个选项是《诗经》中的作品？（）A. 《离骚》B. 《九歌》C. 《关雎》D. 《天问》2. 被称为“诗仙”的唐代诗人是？（）A. 杜甫B. 白居易C. 李白D. 王维A. 《呐喊》B. 《彷徨》C. 《故事新编》D. 《朝花夕拾》4. “青青子衿，悠悠我心”出自哪首诗？（）A. 《诗经·国风》B. 《楚辞·离骚》C. 《古诗十九首》D. 《唐诗三百首》5. 下列哪个文学家是“唐宋八大家”之一？（）A. 欧阳修B. 司马光C. 范仲淹D. 文天祥二、判断题（每题1分，共5分）1. 《红楼梦》的作者是曹雪芹。

（）2. 《水浒传》中的宋江是108位好汉中的第一位。

（）3. 《西游记》中的孙悟空是唐僧的大徒弟。

（）4. 《聊斋志异》是清代蒲松龄所著的短篇小说集。

（）5. 《儒林外史》主要讽刺了封建社会的科举制度。

（）三、填空题（每题1分，共5分）1. “窈窕淑女，君子好逑”出自《诗经·国风》中的《______》。

2. 唐代诗人杜甫被尊称为“______”，其诗作多反映社会现实。

3. 《三国演义》中的“桃园三结义”是指刘备、关羽和______。

4. 《围城》是钱钟书所著的长篇小说，主要描写了主人公______的生活困境。

5. “但愿人长久，千里共婵娟”是苏轼《水调歌头》中的名句，其中的“婵娟”指的是______。

四、简答题（每题2分，共10分）1. 简述《论语》的主要内容及其在文学史上的地位。

2. 简述唐代诗歌繁荣的原因。

3. 简述《水浒传》中宋江的人物形象。

4. 简述《红楼梦》中贾宝玉与林黛玉的爱情悲剧。

5. 简述现代诗歌的特点。

五、应用题（每题2分，共10分）1. 请写出《出师表》中诸葛亮表达忠心的名句。

2. 请写出《滕王阁序》中王勃描绘景色变化的名句。

3. 请写出《琵琶行》中白居易表达音乐感染力的名句。

4. 请写出《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》中苏轼表达历史感慨的名句。

参考答案1．B 【解析】手机中芯片的主要成分是硅，不是二氧化硅， A 错误；豆浆属于胶体，向豆浆中加入卤水（含有电解质溶液）会引发胶体的聚沉，形成豆腐，B 正确；钢铁中增加含碳量，更容易形成原电池，形成原电池造成铁的腐蚀速率加快，C 错误；草木灰的主要成分是碳酸钾，碳酸钾水解显碱性，可洗衣服，故D 错误。

2．B 【解析】结晶后分离出固体的操作是过滤、洗涤和干燥，故A 正确；在碱性条件下，产物中不能有酸，生成NaClO 2的离子方程式为2ClO 2+H 2O 2+2OH -=2ClO 2- +2H 2O +O 2↑，故B 错误；ClO 2是气体，气体不便于贮存和运输，制成NaCIO 2固体，便于贮存和运输，故C 正确；通入的空气可以将ClO 2驱赶到吸收器中，使其被吸收其充分吸收，故D 正确。

3．A 【解析】“蒸令气上”表明该方法是利用各组分沸点不同实现物质的分离，此“法”是指蒸馏，烧酒利用的是蒸馏原理；钾元素的焰色反应为紫色。

通过以上分析，A 选项正确。

4．C 【解析】反应速率主要取决于慢的一步，所以反应速率主要取决于②的快慢，故A 错误；2NOBr 是中间产物，而不是催化剂，故B 错误；正反应放热，断裂化学键吸收的能量小于形成化学键放出的能量，则正反应的活化能比逆反应的活化能小a -1 k J mol ，故C 正确；增大浓度，活化分子百分数不变，故D 错误。

5．B 【解析】电解精炼铜时，阳极为粗铜，除铜外还有其它金属失电子，故阳极质量减少64 g 时转移电子数不一定等于2N A ，A 正确；18g 氨基(2ND -)的物质的量为1mol ，而氨基(2ND -)中含9个电子，故1mol 氨基中含9N A 个电子，B 错误；用惰性电极电解-1100mL0.1mol L 的4CuSO 溶液，阴极上2+Cu 先放电生成0.01mol Cu ，而后+H 放电生成2H ，阳极上一直是-OH 放电生成2O ，设生成的气体的物质的量为xmol ，根据两极上得失电子数守恒可知：0.01224x x ⨯+=，解得x=0.01mol ，故阳极上转移电子为0.04N A 个，C 正确；工业合成氨223N +3H 2NH ，断裂N A 个N N ≡键说明消耗1mol 2N ，断裂6N A 个N H －键说明消耗2mol 3NH ,V =V 正逆，D 正确。

绝密★启用前2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试全国卷Ⅲ●2021年衡水金卷先享题信息卷(四)理综-物理试题本试题卷共16页，38题(含选考题)。

全卷满分300分。

考试用时150分钟。

注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、考号等填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡,上的非答题区域均无效。

4.选考题的作答：先把所选题目的题号在答题卡上指定的位置用2B铅笔涂黑,答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

第I卷二、选择题：本题共8小题,每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,第14～18题只有一项符合题目要求,第19～21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分。

14.下列说法正确的是A.β衰变所释放的电子不是来自核外电子B.放射性元素的半衰期与温度、压强有关,与其他物质化合时半衰期变长C.放射性元素的半衰期是指原子核全部衰变所需时间的一半D.γ射线一般伴随着α或β射线产生,是频率很低的电磁波15.2020年9月27日,我国在太原卫星发射中心用长征四号乙运载火箭,以“一箭双星”的方式将环境减灾二号01组卫星送入预定轨道,发射任务获得成功。

若其中某颗卫星运行在距地球表面高度为h的圆形轨道上,其运行周期为T,已知引力常量为G ,地球的半径为R,则地球的质量为A.()232GT 4R h π+ B.()3GT 2R h π+ C.()3224R h GT π+ D.()32R h GT π+ 16.如图所示,竖直面内的圆盘上固定着一个质量为0.2kg 的小球(可视为质点),小球与圆盘圆心O 的距离为5cm 。

衡水金卷调研卷答案四1、A “在一百年前传入中国后，便打上了深深的海外印记”错误，原文虽说“人类学自其发轫阶段便打上了浓浓的海外印记”，但是最后一段又说“中国的人类学，自从国外引进后，便一直致力于本土化的研究”，只是到了21世纪才从“引进来”到“走出去”。

2、D “按照总分总的思路述其研究情况”错误，文章是按照总分的思路阐述人类学的研究情况。

3、C A．“人类学从其诞生起便将研究视线投向海外民族志”错误，泰勒并没有将研究视线投向海外民族志，将民族志奠定为科学研究方法的是马林诺斯基。

B．“因受人类学家马林诺斯基影响”于文无据。

D．“与当前西方此项研究的目的不同”错误，原文是“西方人类学的海外研究传统，与西方海外殖民密切相关，在某种程度上，就是服务于西方的殖民统治”。

以殖民为目的的研究应是“西方人类学的海外研究传统”，这不是当前西方的人类学海外研究。

4、C “这看似写景副院长为人呆板’，实则是景副院长已喜欢上了李痒要送的小猪”错误，景副院长当时并没有喜欢上落脚猪，这与结尾写景副院长专注地喂着小猪无关。

5、①情节上，使小说情节再起波澜，避免了平铺直叙。

（2分）②人物上，有助于表现李痒的人际关系和贫困状况，丰富了人物的形象，暗示了景副院长对他（人オ）的爱惜。

（2分）③结构上，为下文感谢景副院长，进而送出落脚猪作铺垫。

（2分）6、①对比。

（2分）②早期的落脚猪，奇丑无比，瘦骨嶙峋，浑身的毛乱七八糟，不像猪而是像猴；后来的落脚猪似乎不再丑陋，特别是在景副院长手里似乎胖了，乖得像一只猫，显得可爱。

（2分）③通过落脚猪的前后对比，表明爱心可以改变事物，这就深化了主题。

（2分）（答比喻、侧面描写可酌情给分）7、A “工业机器人产业已经迈进高端产品、人工智能领域”错误，材料一只是说“中国工业机器人产业加速向高端产品、人工智能领域迈进”，并没有说“已经迈进”。

8、B ““工业机器人四大家族＇都不能自主生产RV减速器”错误，材料一说的是“以市场上常见的RV减速器为例，其加工工艺需要大量的实践经验和严格的生产环境要求，即使是“工业机器人四大家族’，也并非都是自主生产”，注意“并非都是”，而不是说“都不能自主生产”。

2020届河北衡水金卷新高考原创考前信息试卷（四）历史★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1、考试范围：高考范围。

2、试题卷启封下发后，如果试题卷有缺页、漏印、重印、损坏或者个别字句印刷模糊不清等情况，应当立马报告监考老师，否则一切后果自负。

3、答题卡启封下发后，如果发现答题卡上出现字迹模糊、行列歪斜或缺印等现象，应当马上报告监考老师，否则一切后果自负。

4、答题前，请先将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写在试题卷和答题卡上的相应位置，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。

5、选择题的作答：每个小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非选择题答题区域的答案一律无效。

6、主观题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域的答案一律无效。

如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答无效。

7、保持答题卡卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损，不得使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带等。

8、考试结束后，请将本试题卷、答题卡、草稿纸一并依序排列上交。

1.先秦盟书，通常指的是天子与诸侯或诸侯与诸侯之间为维持某种特定政治关系而将双方盟誓内容写成的文字材料。

西周时期盟书甚少，春秋时期盟书大量出现，战国时期盟书又逐步减少乃至消失。

这反映出A. 缔结盟书是维护天子权威的主要手段B. 诸侯争霸战争演变为中央和地方之争C. 分封制逐渐向中央集权制转变D. 儒家的契约观念为时人所接受【答案】C【解析】【详解】结合所学可知，战国时期中央集权体制逐渐形成，新的政治权威建立，依靠盟书维持秩序的时代结束，故选C；西周是宗法分封制的鼎盛时期，盟书甚少，春秋时期天子权威衰落，盟书大量出现，这说明缔结盟书不是维护天子权威的主要手段，排除A；战国时期，兼并统一战争主要是诸侯国之间的战争，不是中央与地方之争，排除B；材料没有涉及盟约的执行状况，无法体现D项结论，排除。

（衡水金卷）2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟英语试题四第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AIf you have a long holiday to spend, where can you go?Nikoi Island, IndonesiaLess than 85 km – but somehow a whole world away – from Singa pore’s shining skyline lies Nikoi Island. Surrounded by white sandy shorelines and vivid coral reefs, Nikoi’s centre is hidden in rainforest, resulting in amazing biodiversity seen in its native plants, animals and bird life. Marrying traditional Indonesian craftsmanship with contemporary design, Nikoi boasts just 15 stilted（建于支柱上的）beach houses, all with breathtaking sea views, guaranteeing privacy and total escape from the daily grind.Amanpulo, PhilippinesThe only property on Pamalican Island, the luxurious Amanpulo resort offers extremely impressive accommodation, with only access to over five kilometres of clean coral sand beach. Designed to resemble indigenous Bahay Kubo homes, Amanpulo’s beachside, treetop and hillside villas all feature comfortable d ecks with hammocks（吊床）from which to enjoy the spectacular views of the greenish-blue sea below. Fill your schedule with Amanpulo’s signature aquatic adventures (including diving, windsurfing and sailing), recharge in the award-winning spa or feast upon locally caught seafood – the choice is yours.Song Saa, CambodiaSong Saa’s incredible ocean views, and breathtaking sunsets are a very typical example of pure paradise. Its 24 villas –each with their own sea-view private plunge pool –are designed to reflec t the natural beauty of Cambodia’s coastline; built from recycled wood with straw roofs and driftwood furnishings, these presences arestylish proof of Song Saa’s admirable commitment to sustainability（持续）and conservation. You can choose to do as much or as little as you want here, with rainforest tours, island safaris and reef snorkelling just some of the activities on offer that showcase this spectacular destination.1. What can we see in the center of Nikoi’s Island?A. Lands of desert.B. Streams and rivers.C. Kinds of animals and plants.D. Tall buildings.2. What can we learn about the Amanpulo’s villas?A. They are made of bricks.B. We can have a good view of the sea there.C. They are very expensive.D. We can learn much historic stories from them.3. What activity can you enjoy in Song Saa?A. Diving.B. White rafting.C. Mountain-climbing.D. Rainforest tour.BNatural selection is the process by which one type of animal within a species thrives because of certain characteristics that make it more likely to live than others in its group. The history of the peppered moth（灰蛾）is an example of the natural selection process.In 19th century England, certain types of peppered moths were able to better blend（融合）into their surroundings. During that time period, great changes were happening in Great Britain. The Industrial Revolution was part of this change, and with it came air pollution. Natural selection often takes hundred or even thousands of years to occur. For the peppered moth, this process occurred comparatively quickly.At the beginning of the Industrial Age, most peppered moths in England were light-colored and covered with black markings, although a few moths had dark-colored wings. Because the light-colored moths blended into the light-colored bark on the trees, they could not be easily seen by birds that would eat them. As the air grewmore polluted, however, tree trunks became covered with soot（烟煤）and became darker. The light-colored moths became easy for birds to see against the dark tree trunks. Since the dark-colored moths now had the advantage, their numbers grew. Within 50 years, the peppered moth went from being mostly light-colored to being mostly dark-colored.In the 20th century, the air cleared up, and the peppered moth population changed again. As tree trunks lighted due to less soot in the air, light-colored moths once again had an advantage. Their numbers increased as soot levels declined. Depending on their environment, the coloration of the moths helped them t o be “naturally selected” to survive.4. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “thrives” in the first paragraph?A. Reduces.B. Booms.C. Changes.D. Endangers.5. What can we infer about the peppered moth’s natural s election process?A. The length of time was unusual.B. The soot levels in England did not affect it.C. This type of color change was typical for moths.D. It was a good example of environmental protection.6. What’s the difference between light-colored and dark-colored moths?A. Dark-colored moths were originally easy to see on trees.B. Both kinds of moths preferred the dark-colored trees.C. Birds failed to see light-colored moths.D. The color of moths was unimportant.7. Which would most likely happen if soot darkened England’s trees again?A. Birds would eat fewer moths.B. Moths would not be able to stay alive.C. Light-colored moths would disturb people’s life.D. The population of dark-colored moths would increase.CHaving three cancer patients in the same household can turn a whole family upside down. Michelle Bruce, her husband, Jeremy, and their son, Holden, all had cancer. The family moved to Michelle’s hometown of Franklin, Nebraska six years ago, so her parents could help.Doctors found Holde n’s brain tumor（肿瘤）, when he was 12 years old. His family was living in a small town at the time, but there were related doctors in the state. Holden had two operations in Omaha clinic, both of which were tough.When Holden’s cancer came back again in 2012, nothing could be done. But the family didn’t give up. They reached out to Boston Children’s Hospital, which has better equipment and doctors with more experience operating on kids. After looking at Holden’s records, the doctor sent back her diagnosis: Sh e was confident that she could remove the tumor.The family was beyond relieved, until they learned insurance wouldn’t cover any of the operation’s costs. The operation would cost $39,000 – more than the parents could afford. The family got desperate.In a town of just 1,000 people, however, word traveled fast. Within days, a local woman Michelle had never met in person called to say she was planning an event to raise money for Holden. Michelle was touched.The event was uplifting. Finally, the town raised $45,000 – enough to cover not just Holden’s hospital bills, but for Michelle and Jeremy’s trip to Boston with their son. “I just didn’t know what to say,” said Michelle. “Nobody could really believe it.”Holden’s operation went much more smoothly than the first two. He is cancer-free and now is attending Central Community College-Hastings on a full-ride scholarship.8. Where did Michelle’s parents live?A. Florida.B. Boston.C. Omaha.D. Franklin.9. Why did Holden’s family go to Boston Children’s h ospital?A. Because it was near their home.B. Because it had better equipment and doctors.C. Because the medical expense there was cheaper.D. Because they were familiar with the doctors there.10. What was the feeling of the family when they learned the operation’s cost?A. They were in despair.B. They were very delighted.C. They were very surprised.D. They remained calm.11. What is the best title of the passage?A. World’s Best Cancer DoctorsB. Brave Boy Who Conquered His CancerC. 1,000 People Sav ed A Teen’s LifeD. Country’s Welfare System ShinedDIt’s just been three months after the first bike-sharing company arrived in Singapore, but reports of abuse and vandalism（故意破坏）of shared bikes in the city keep appearing on social media.The majority of these shared bikes are stationless, which means they don’t need to be stopped at a designated（指定的）spot. They lock themselves after your ride is over, and you’re meant to just leave the bike at the side of a road.But users have been chaining up bicycles outside their apartments, preventing others from using them. Some people bring them up to their apartment floors, so they can’t be found easily by other users. Some people have removed the bikes’ number plates or codes, and some even have painted over the bikes to claim the bikes for themselves. Most of the abused bikes belong to either Singapore-based oBike, or ofo, a bike-sharing giant based in China.ofo has encouraged Singaporean users to report issues. oBike said that the number of bicycles that were damaged made up less than one percent of its fleet. The company said in February that it planned to bring in “tens of thousands” of bikes by mid-2017. The company has yet to ban anyone from its service, but said that it would take appropriate action – including making reports to the police.oBike also introduced a shortcoming system, similar to that of its competitor, China-based Mobike. Users start with 100 points, which get taken away for errant （出格的）behaviour such as forgetting to lock the bike, or parking at non-designated areas. Users are banned from using oBike when their scores reach zero. oBike has an eight-man operation team that can remove bicycles parked casually.When approached for comment, Mobike said, “In China, just as in Singapore, there are always a tiny minority of people who abuse the bikes, so we designed our system to prevent this type of abuse.”12. Who is the owner of most of the abused bikes?A. Chinese government.B. Local government.C. A bike-sharing giant based in China.D. The users of the bikes.13. What is the attitude of the oBike toward the abuse of bikes?A. Tolerant.B. Indifferent.C. Supportive.D. Disapproving.14. What is the meaning of the underlined word “that” in the fifth paragraph?A. System.B. Bike.C. Company.D. Report.15. What can we learn from the passage about shared bikes?A. They will be introduced soon.B. The abuse of the bikes is on the increase.C. They are very expensive.D. They are well preserved by users.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。