四中学17—18学年下学期高一期中考试历史试题(附答案)

2023~2024学年北京市第四中学高一下学期期中考试英语试题Pooja Rani entered the boxing area at age 18 all thanks to her coach Sanjay Kumar. However, even with much _______, Pooja felt shy to wear the boxing gloves. She also knew that her father would not approve of her taking up this “violent” sport. But Pooja went after her interest ________ anyway until one day when ________ came to her father – he discovered the truth and stopped her playing the sport. “My father wasn’t fond of boxing because he thought it violent. He didn’t ________ me playing other sports but boxing was a strict no-go zone,” Pooja said. It then took six months of continuous efforts from Pooja and her coach Sanjay to ________ her father to change his attitude. She won the National Youth Boxing Championship in 2009, which pushed her career on an upward path. In 2012, she ________ two silver medals at the Asian Boxing Championship and the Arafura Games. Later, she acquired a gold medal at the South Asian Games in 2016, thus making her________ for the Rio Olympics that year.Unstoppable as she was, her wins came to a pause for some reason. During that time, she was________ by many people. It took her a whole year to get back on track with their assistance. And what a comeback! Pooja returned in an impressive way, winning back-to-back gold medals at the Asian Boxing Championship in 2019 and 2021. This enabled her to be the first woman boxer to________ the title. Given the long and winding road she took to get here, for us, Pooja is ________ the “queen of boxing”.1.A．attention B．guidance C．permission D．encouragement 2.A．in return B．in secret C．in public D．in person3.A．word B．warning C．reward D．praise4.A．leave B．favor C．keep D．mind5.A．convince B．remind C．advise D．force6.A．missed B．bagged C．expected D．targeted7.A．vulnerable B．fluent C．qualified D．allergic8.A．forgotten B．backed C．questioned D．approached9.A．desire B．earn C．deserve D．accept10.A．generally B．mainly C．merely D．trulyWhat is PayQuick?PayQuick is a fast payment service for shopping in the biggest supermarket in UK — Tesco. It allows you to add your credit or debit card details to the app so you can use your smartphone to pay for your shopping with just one scan, which means you can go wallet-free in all UK Tesco stores.What are the benefits?●Collect your Tesco points automatically●Pay for your weekly shopping up to £250●Use PayQuick offline, even with no signal●Track your spending in TescoHowever, only one qualifying deal per week will collect the extra Tesco points. Additional payments in the same week won’t receive extra points. Tesco points will be added to your future Tesco points statement.How to get your PayQuick?Available to new customers who sign up by 3rd March 2024, the PayQuick app can be downloaded from the App Store or our official website. Once you have the app on your phone, register your personal details on the app to get an account. Note that for each customer, only one account is allowed and a family shared account will not be acknowledged. Finally, with all the preparation work done, you’ll be ready to shop using just your phone.Plus, there’s no need to worry about your bank details b eing stored on your phone —they’re all securely protected in our data centers. So not only is it quicker and easier, it’s safer than going shopping with your wallet as well.11. If customers use PayQuick in UK Tesco stores, they can ______.A．purchase things only offlineB．get their Tesco points automaticallyC．keep track of their daily spendingD．pay for their shopping without limit12. Which is NOT a must for PayQuick users?A．To register by 3rd March 2024.B．To download the PayQuick app.C．To bring their phones with them.D．To share the account with their family.13. What is the author’s intention in writing this passage?A．To ensure the safety of PayQuick.B．To stress the importance of PayQuick.C．To popularize the use of PayQuick.D．To illustrate the application of PayQuick.“Are you all right?” the student asked as she passed me in the hallway. I was in the final stretch of last work before writing my essay. The student, who was 4 years behind me in the same Ph.D. program, went on to s ay, “I see people from your group working so much, putting in extra hours, even at night.” It set me thinking a lot.As a first-year Ph.D. student, I was lucky to have kind and understanding advisers. But I felt overwhelming pressure to become a perfect student. I kept finding a million reasons why I was coming into graduate school at a disadvantage compared with my peers. As a student from Colombia, I had been educated at institutions my professors and colleagues had never heard of, I spoke with an accent that was hard to understand, and I was older than most of the people in my cohort.I noticed that most of the people around me seemed to be working all the time. I began to spend many weekday nights and weekends in the lab. But my strategy didn’t work. I crashed from burnout. The tiredness took a toll on my productivity and motivation. During one of many mindless Sundays in the office, I realized I’d fallen into the trap of assuming my colleagues’ work habits were the standard for belonging and being worthy of respect —and it wasn’t sustainable.From then on, I stopped counting the number of work hours I was putting in, leaving space every day for exercising and doing activities that I enjoyed. Eventually, I realized nobody was keeping track of the amount of time I spent in the lab anyway and it wasn’t something I needed to worry about.I noticed that having more time for myself made me more rested and motivated when I went back to work. I continued quietly along this path for years, until that conversation in the hallway. So, when I ran into her again, weeks later, I told her that even though I was feeling a lot of pressure in the final year of my Ph.D., I was putting my mental and physical health first and wasn’t working overtime. I also began to talk with other students about how quality sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, and reasonable work hours were a daily part of my routine.14. What can we learn about the student?A．He spent much time in lab work. B．He had finished the Ph.D. program.C．He was concerned about the author. D．He was putting in extra hours at night. 15. How does the author feel about his work at first?A．Anxious. B．Ambitious. C．Dissatisfied. D．Enthusiastic. 16. Which can replace the underlined phrase “took a toll on” in Para. 3?A．Added fuel to. B．Had a negative impact on.C．Cast new light on. D．Depended too much on.17. What does the author intend to tell us?A．A healthy work-life balance counts.B．A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.C．Fitting in doesn’t mean working overtime.D．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.Identifying the chemical makeup of pigment (色素) used in ancient documents, paintings, and watercolors is critical to restoring and conserving the precious artworks. However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages — from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers from Portugal has finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gorgeous blueish-purple color that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life.The research team began by poring over instructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitled The Book on How to Make All the Color Paints for Illuminating Books. However, translating the instructions was no easy task. It was written in the now extinct Judaeo-Portuguese language, and though the source of the dye was traced back to a plant, no name was mentioned.However, by piecing together suggestions from the text, the scientists were able to determine that the dye was made from the bluish-green berries of the chrozophora tinctoria plant. After an extensive search, the team found a few varieties of the plant growing along the roadside near the town of Monsaraz in south Portugal.The detailed instructions gave the researchers critical clues — including the best time to pick the berries. “You need to squeeze the fruits, being careful not to break the seeds, and then to put them on linen (亚麻).” The scientist says the detail was important since broken seeds polluted the pigment, producing an inferior quality ink. The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times. When needed, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color.Once the key ingredient had been identified, the researchers began to determine the dye’s molecular structure. To their surprise, they found that folium was not like any other known permanent blue dyes —it was an entirely new class of color, one they named chrozophoridin. “Chrozophoridin was used in ancient times to make a beautiful blue dye for painting.” the team wrote in the study. “T hus,we believe that this will not be our final word on this amazing plant and its story and that further discoveries will follow soon.”18. The primary purpose of the study is to ________.A．restore and conserve ancient precious artworksB．determine the substance making up the foliumC．prove the ancient dye-making technique was organicD．identify which class of color folium belongs to19. The underlined phrase “poring over” in the second paragraph means ________.A．discussing publicly B．testing repeatedlyC．passing directly D．reading carefully20. What can be learned about the blue dye folium?A．It was essentially an inferior type of ink.B．It was the only kind made from wild berries.C．It could be carried and used easily.D．It was carefully squeezed from broken seeds.21. The article is mainly about _________.A．how the mystery of a thousand-year-old blue dye was solvedB．why the researchers took the trouble to recreate the dyeC．what needs to be done to make an organic dye from a plantD．when and where the discovery of the dye was madeThe Human Spark“What is civilization?” asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the seminal BBC series on the subject. “I don’t know, and I can’t define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and I’m looking at it now. ”And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院).It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. That the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedral’s collapsing steeple is in fact profoundly human – and in a particularly 21st-century way.It is not just the economy that is global today, it is culture too. People wander the world in search not just of jobs and security but also of beauty and history. Familiarity breeds affection. A building onwhose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself.This visual age has endowed beauty with new power, and social media have turned great works of art into superstars. Only a few, though, have achieved this status. Just as there is only ever a handful of world-famous actors, so the pantheon of globally recognizable cultural symbols is tiny: the Mona Lisa, Michelangelo’s David, the Taj Mahal, the Great P yramid – and Notre Dame. Disaster, too, is visual. In the 24 hours after the fire started, videos on social media of the burning cathedral were viewed nearly a quarter of a billion times.Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean. Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best. Nobody could look up into that vaulted ceiling without wondering at the genius of the thousands of anonymous craftsmen who, over a century and a half, realized a vision so grand in its structure and so delicate in its detail. Its survival through war and revolution connects the present to the past.The fire also binds people to each other. The outpouring of emotion it has brought forth is proof that we are all in it together. When nationalism is a rising threat, shared sadness makes borders suddenly irrelevant; a love of culture has the power to unite. When extremism divides Muslim from Christian and religious people from non-religious, those of all faiths and none are mourning together.And it will be rebuilt. The morning after the fire, the many Parisians who went to the cathedral to mourn its destruction found comfort instead. Although the spire is gone, the towers are still standing and it seems likely that the whole building can be revived. The effort to rebuild it, like the fire, will bring people together. Within 24 hours, €600m ($677m) had been raised from businesses and rich people, and a rash of crowdfunding campaigns started. A high-resolution laser scan of the building, carried out recently, should help.It will never be the same, but that is as it should be. As Victor Hugo wrote in The Hunchback of Notre Dame, “Great edifices, like great mountains, are the work of centuries. Art is often transformed as it is being made...Time is the architect. The nation is the builder.”22. According to the author, ______.A．we should not care more about a building than we do about peopleB．it’s understandable that the floods in Africa has attracted more attentionC．it’s human for people to feel deeply sorry for the destruction of Notre DameD．people are supposed to feel guilty if they are more concerned about buildings23. In 21st century, what make great works of art even more popular?A．The beauty of art and value of cultureB．People’s search for jobs and sense of securityC．The expression of humanity and amazing craftsmanshipD．The arrival of visual age and popularity of social media24. The author believes that culture ______.A．is an expression of humanity at its collective bestB．arouses emotions and reminds people what they are losingC．brings people together regardless of their nationality and religious beliefD．threatens the outpouring of emotions and makes people’s sadness irrelevant25. Which word can best describe the writer’s attitude towards the rebuilding of Notre Dame?A．Positive B．Negative C．Neutral D．ConcernedArt comes in two main categories: realistic and abstract. Realistic art aims to show real-life scenes, people, and objects exactly as they appear. It involves paying close attention to details, making things look like photographs. 26 . It’s more about expressing feelings, emotions, and ideas.Realistic art is easy to understand. Viewers can easily recognize what is portrayed. Take the Mona Lisa, for example—it’s a realistic painting of a lady with a mysterious smile. 27 , helping us to learn about the past.Unlike realistic art, abstract art is more about being creative. 28 . They use shapes, colors and patterns to express feelings and ideas. Abstract art means different things to different people. Some people enjoy trying to figure out what the artwork conveys.29 . Realistic art needs precision in drawing or sculpting to make things look real. Abstract art requires imagination to use shapes and colors in new ways. Many artists are skilled in both. They create realistic pieces to demonstrate their technical skills and abstract ones to display their creativity.As for personal preference, some people prefer the clear stories of realistic art while others are attracted to the mystery of abstract art, interpreting meanings in the shapes and forms. Together, the two kinds of art make the art world diverse and engaging. 30 .注意：1) 每组多余一个词；2)所填词可能有时态、词性和单复数的变化；3)每词限用一次，每空仅填一个词。

大丰区新丰中学2017—2018学年度第二学期期中考试高一年级政治试题第I卷(客观题共70分)一、单项选择题：下列各题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的。

请在答题卡上填涂你认为正确的选项。

（本部分共30小题，每小题2分，共60分）1.我国宪法规定：“中华人民共和国是工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政的社会主义国家。

”这一规定A.用国家根本法的形式确立了我国国体B.明确了我国社会主义的根本政治制度C.说明工人阶级是社会主义事业的领导核心D.说明人民民主专政是我国的基本政治制度2.《中华人民共和国公共文化服务保障法》于2017年3月1日正式施行，这为发展公共文化服务事业、保障人民的基本文化权益提供了有力保障。

这体现了人民民主具有A.时代性B.广泛性C.真实性D.全民性3.外交部“12308微信版”正式上线了。

以后中国公民如果在海外遇到紧急情况，除了可以拨打12308领保热线外，还可通过“领事直通车”微信公众号及“外交部12308”小程序进行实时咨询和求助。

这体现了A.我国尊重保障人权B.国家赋予了境外公民更多的政治权利C.一切权力属于公民D.保护公民安全是当前一切工作的中心4.我国公民参与管理国家和管理社会的基础和标志是A.享有生存权和发展权B.行使选举权和被选举权C.行使参与权和决策权D.享有劳动权和受教育权5.“尊重每一个人的权利，维护每一个人的尊严，哪怕他（她）有罪有错。

这是基本的法治理念，也是文明社会的底线。

”守住这条底线必须A.坚持公民在法律面前一律平等原则B.实现所有公民的一切利益诉求C.在法律上只能将公民视为权利主体D.保障公民平等参与立法的权利6.下列行为中属于中学生参与政治生活的有①积极参加“醉美校园”摄影比赛②参加居民会议，听取居委会汇报工作③在网上参与南京“无烟日”环境管理问题讨论④向消费者协会投诉冰箱质量问题A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④7.大丰区人大代表的选举方式是A.等额选举B.直接选举C.间接选举D.直接选举与间接选举相结合8.全国新一轮县乡两级人大换届选举陆续展开，有9亿多选民参加选举。

2022-2023学年黑龙江省绥化市肇东市第四中学高一下学期期中考试历史试题1. 埃及、印度、希腊和中国等古代文明呈现出多元发展格局，这主要是因为（）A．农耕和畜牧经济的发展B．各大文明早期都是小国寡民状态C．大河与高山阻隔了文明交流D．自然环境和历史的不同2. 大河流域是孕育人类文明的摇篮。

下列选项搭配正确的是B．印度河、恒河——古巴比伦——长城A．两河流域——古印度——《汉谟拉比法典》C．尼罗河——古埃及——金字塔D．黄河、长江——中国——狮身人面像3. 古埃及人利用尼罗河定期泛滥造就的肥沃土壤发展了农业，观察尼罗河水定期泛滥的规律，制定了太阳历。

古希腊人因为粮食种植业的欠发达而高度依赖商贸活动，并不断进行海外殖民扩张创建新的城邦。

这说明（）A．农业经济是文明发展的基础B．商业经济具有明显的扩张性C．地理环境影响世界文明发展D．世界文明具有多元一体特点4. 为配合中学生历史研学旅行，某旅行社制作了下面的文化广告，其中符合历史事实的一句广告词是（）A．在恒河南岸观光，了解楔形文字，感受印度的桑奇大塔B．在两河流域驻足，了解种姓制度，欣赏古巴比伦城遗址C．沿尼罗河而行，了解象形文字，领略胡夫金字塔的壮美D．参观罗马历史博物馆，看汉谟拉比石柱，感叹海洋文的魅力5. 下列关于古代文明成就与文明区域对应正确的是（）A．楔形文字、《吉尔伽美什》、洪水和神话、20进制——两河流域文明B．象形文字、太阳历、金字塔、莎草纸、发明了车轮——古代埃及文明C．佛教、种姓制度、《摩诃婆罗多》《罗摩衍那》、0到9的数字——古印度文明D．方舟传说、悲剧和喜剧、首创“历史”一词、修昔底德——古希腊文明6. 苏美尔民族叙事诗《吉尔伽美什与阿伽》描绘了吉尔伽美什和阿伽之间的斗争：基什王阿伽遣使要乌鲁克国王吉尔伽美什派人为基什挖井修渠，并威胁若不从即兵戎相见。

吉尔伽美什召开城市长老会议，长老会议主张投降。

他又召开公民大会，公民大会主张拒绝基什的要求，进行抵抗，最后吉尔伽美什通过有理有节的斗争大获全胜。

上海市2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试历史试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________一、单选题1．中国已发现的旧石器时代代表性的遗存有距今约170万年的和距今约70万至20万年的。

他们从事，过着群居生活。

下列选项填空正确的是（）A．北京人元谋人采集渔猎B．元谋人北京人采集渔猎C．北京人元谋人原始农耕D．元谋人北京人原始农耕2．我国早期农耕文明形成南稻北粟格局的主要原因是（）A．地理气候B．饮食习惯C．历史传统D．酋长喜好3．一位官员因为在父丧期间，让婢女服侍他吃药，被人检举违反礼法，因而受到清议的批判，甚至使他的仕途受阻。

这位官员最可能处于何时（）A．秦汉B．魏晋C．隋唐D．宋明4．《左传》日：“桀有昏德，鼎迁于商，载祀六百。

商纣暴虐，鼎迁于周。

”下列成语中的“鼎”与材料中的“鼎”含义相同的是（）A．人声鼎沸B．鼎鼎有名C．三足鼎立D．问鼎中原5．某同学查阅了有关“文成公主入藏”、“汉人胡食”、“北魏孝文帝改革”的一些历史资料进行主题探究，他探究的主题是（）A．统一国家的建立B．民族融合C．繁荣与开放的社会D．民族关系的发展6．三国两晋以来，一些声名显赫的家族世代把持宫位：享受政治经济等特权，形成一个特殊的社会阶层，称为（）A．庶族B．士族C．党人D．博士7．在三国鼎立示意图中②代表（）A．鲜卑B．魏C．蜀D．吴8．五代十国时期，“十国”中的南汉位于地图中的（）处附近。

A．C B．E C．H D．N9．下图为我国古代地方权力强弱变化图，较为正确的是（）A．B．C．D．10．“盛世时期”是封建社会少有的经济发展、社会稳定时期。

各个盛世都具有共同特征：国家统一，经济繁荣，政局稳定，社会久安，国力强大，文化昌盛等。

以下不属于盛世时期的是（）A．百家争鸣时期B．文景之治时期C．光武中兴时期D．贞观之治时期11．如图是上海崧泽遗址出土的家猪陶塑，据此可推测（）A．上海是最早驯养家猪的地区B．上海崧泽文化以驯养牲畜为主C．上海的手工业水平领先全国D．上海于新石器时代已产生农业12．顾炎武在《日知录》中描述“邦无定交，土无定主"的社会现象最可能集中出现在（）A．夏商时期B．西周时期C．东周后期D．两汉时期13．探究因果关系是历史学习的重要技能。

【全国百强校】湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学2017-2018学年高一下学期期中考试化学试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．以下说法中不正确的是A．大气中SO2、NO2随雨水降下可能形成酸雨，酸雨的pH值小于5.6B．冬天烧煤时可在煤中加入生石灰减少二氧化硫的排放C．开发清洁能源汽车能减少和控制汽车尾气污染D．空气质量报告的指标中，有可吸入颗粒物、SO2、NO2、CO2等物质的指数2．中国科学技术名词审定委员会已确定第116号元素Lv的名称为鉝。

关于Lv的叙述错误的是()A．原子序数116B．中子数177C．最外层电子数6D．相对原子质量2933．下列各组物质的溶液，不用其他试剂通过互滴即可鉴别的是①NaOH、MgCl2、AlCl3、K2SO4①CuSO4、Na2CO3、Ba(OH)2、H2SO4①HNO3、NaAlO2或Na[Al(OH)4]、NaHSO4、NaCl①NaOH、(NH4)2CO3、BaCl2、MgSO4A．①①B．①①C．①①①D．①①①4．某装有红色溶液的试管，加热时溶液颜色逐渐变浅，则原溶液可能是①滴有酚酞的氨水溶液①滴有酚酞的氢氧化钠溶液①溶有SO2的品红溶液①滴有酚酞的饱和氢氧化钙溶液①酚酞溶液中滴加少量NaClO溶液A．①①①B．①①C．①①①D．①①5．X、Y、Z、W 有如图所示的转化关系，则X、W可能的组合有()①C、O2①Na、O2①Fe、HNO3①S、O2 ①N2、O2 ①H2S、O2 ①NH3、O2A．四项B．五项C．六项D．七项6．在化学反应中，存在“一种物质过量，另一种物质不能完全反应”的特殊情况。

下列反应中，属于这种特殊情况的是①过量的锌粒与少量18mol/L硫酸溶液反应①过量的氢气与少量氮气在催化剂作用下合成氨气①少量浓盐酸与过量的软锰矿反应(软锰矿主要成分是MnO2)①过量的铜粉与浓硝酸反应①过量的铜粉与少量浓硫酸反应①硫化氢与二氧化硫以体积比1：2混合A．①①①B．①①①C．①①①D．①①①7．下列反应的离子方程式表示正确的是A．用足量的氨水处理工业制硫酸的尾气：SO2+2NH3⋅H2O=2NH4++SO32-+H2OB．向Fe(NO3)2和KI混合溶液中加入少量稀盐酸：3Fe2++4H++NO3-=3Fe3++2H2O+NO↑C．漂白粉溶液中通入少量SO2：Ca2＋＋2ClO－＋SO2＋H2O===CaSO3↓＋2HClO D．NH4HCO3溶液中加足量的Ba(OH)2溶液：NH4++ HCO3-+2OH-===CO32-+ NH3⋅H2O +H2O8．如图所示装置中，干燥烧瓶内盛有某种气体，烧杯和滴管内盛放某种溶液。

湖北省宜昌市葛洲坝中学2024-2025学年高一历史下学期期中试题考试时间：2024年4月一、单选题 (每小题2分，共30小题，共计60分)1．历史学家指出：西周王朝虽然显示出肯定的统一性、集权性，但国家结构上的分散性、松散性仍是最本质的特点。

以下能反映出这一特点的是( )A．家国一体B．地方分权 C．中心集权 D．贵族政治2．《诗经》中周颂共三十一篇，除《臣工》、《丰年》等篇章是为了春夏祈谷、秋冬谢神而作的祭歌外，其余大多为对周室祖先的礼赞，是先人崇拜。

据此可知周颂( )A．与农业生产亲密相关 B．深受宗法观念影响C．使王权披上神奇色调D．主动宣扬礼乐文化3．司马迁评价秦朝郡县制：“县集而郡，郡集而天下。

郡县治，天下无不治。

”这说明秦朝“郡县制”（）A．建立在宗法制度的基础上 B．强化了皇权专制主义制度C．加强了中心对地方的限制 D．导致秦朝灭亡的根本缘由4．据记载，汉代的郡县长官不必征求朝廷同意就可以处死罪犯。

宋代死刑案件必需由州和朝廷审理核定。

到明清两代，知州、知府、知县的刑罚权仅剩行使鞭笞。

这种变更反映了( )A．司法机构渐渐独立 B．专制皇权空前强化C．中心集权不断加强 D．地方政府职能转变5．北宋时期的官制有一些重要特点，如重复设官(三司使、通判等)、官职分别(官员实际担当的职务与官名不符)这样做的主要目的是( )A．加强中心集权 B．加强君主专制 C．分散官员权力 D．提高行政效率6．“风吹金榜落凡世，三十三人名字香。

”“十年寒窗无人问，一举成名天下知。

”这两句诗句描述的选拔人才的制度取代的是哪种选拔人才的制度( )A．郡县制 B．察举制C．九品中正制D．科举制7．有学者统计，北宋载入《宋史》的官员中46．1%来自寒门，从南宋两个年份的进士题名录来看，非官员家庭出身的进士一个占56．3%，一个占57．9%。

这说明两宋时期的科举制( )A．提高了官员的文化素养 B．从根本上结束了贵族政治C．选拔官员更注意公允公正 D．扩大了封建统治的基础8．“百僚未起朕先起，百僚已睡朕未睡。

会宁四中2018-2019学年度第二学期高二级中期考试历史试卷1.商朝的统治区分内外服，内服是商人本族的活动区域，外服是商族以外的方国。

各方国基本保持原有的社会结构，除对商王承担应尽的义务外，有很大的自主权。

有的方国还经常与商处于战争状态。

据此，与商朝内外服制度相比，西周分封制的重大发展在于（）A.扩大了中央王朝的疆域B.遏制封国间的相互攻伐C.加强中央对地方的管辖D.地方独立性较强2.西周的舆服制度是贵族等级的标志之一。

所谓“舆”是指车，“服”是指冠冕和服饰。

册命舆服为官方的信物，为政府任命官员爵位、身份及权利的象征。

公、侯、伯、卿、大夫、士的等级不同，所享用的舆服都不相同。

这表明（）A.舆服适应周礼的发展而得以不断完善B.舆服制度与分封制及礼乐制联系紧密C.舆服制度对平民和奴隶的限制比较少D.舆服制度是专制王权强化的标志之一3.夏商的史官在职责上是史巫合一，既掌管天文术数，为统治者提供宗教式预言。

又保管典籍、记录时事；周代史巫开始分离，史官被定位在“掌官书以赞治”的官僚位置上，以上史官角色意识的变化（）A.反映出周代王权与神权实现脱离B.影响了后世对历史记录的认识C.取决于中央官僚机构职能的调整D.体现了周代政治理性化的趋势4.史学家钱穆在论及唐代的科举时说：“唐代门第势力正盛，在那时推行考试，应考的还是有许多是门第子弟。

门第子弟在家庭中有家教熏染，并已早懂得许多政治掌故，一旦从政，比较有办法。

如是积渐到晚唐，大门第逐步堕落，应考的多数是寒窗苦读的穷书生。

他们除却留心应考的科目，专心在文选诗赋，或是经籍记诵外，国家并未对他们有所谓教育。

门第教训也没有了，政治传统更是茫然无知。

“钱穆认为唐代的科举制( )A.摧毁了门阀政治B.扩大了政权基础C.促进了社会公平D.与政治人才培养脱节5.据记载,元代中书省多次要求各地行省“除重事并创支钱粮必合咨禀者,议拟咨来。

其余公事应合与决者，随即从公依例与决,毋得似前泛咨(凡事都请示中书省)”。

张家港高级中学2024～2024学年其次学期期中考试高一年级历史试卷一、选择题：（每道题目只有一个正确答案，每题2分。

请将答案填涂在答题卡上）1．“1520年11月28日，星期三，我们越过海峡，进入太平洋。

在3个月20天里，我们没有吃过任何簇新的食物……”材料中“我们”的活动A．证明了地圆学说的正确性B．揭开了“地理大发觉”的序幕C．确立了欧洲对世界的统治D．彻底否定了宗教神学说教2．15—17世纪在欧洲被称为“扩张的时代”。

用全球史观谛视“扩张”所产生的影响主要是A．促进了西欧封建制度的解体B．加速了资本的原始积累过程C．为西欧国家进一步扩张供应了条件D．打破了世界各地相对隔绝的状态3. 1603年，一位旅居西班牙的法国人说：“我在这里听到一个谚语：本地除白银外，全部东西都价格昂扬。

”之所以出现这一谚语，主要是因为西班牙A. 贵族阶层生活奢侈B. 工商业的发展快速C. 对殖民地疯狂掠夺D. 矿产资源特别丰富4. 最早开拓新航路的迪亚士曾经说过，他航行的目的是“为上帝和皇帝陛下服务，给处于黑暗中的人们带去光明，并像全部人渴望的那样去发财致富”。

其中“给处于黑暗中的人们带去光明”是指A. 给土著人带去人文主义思想B. 向土著人传播航海技术C. 给土著人带去皇帝的恩典D. 向土著人传播天主教5. 17世纪，荷兰成为“海上马车夫”，但到18世纪中期，英国取代荷兰，建立“日不落帝国”。

相较于荷兰，英国的优势主要在于A. 政治制度更先进B. 工业资本更发达C. 地理位置更优越D. 海军实力更强大。

6. 圈地运动在18世纪达到高潮，英国农村土地高度集中，同时造成农村人烟稀有、村舍为墟，人口大量流失。

而1801年英格兰农作物单位面积产量见下表这一状况说明A. 英国社会底层人民生活条件已大为改善B. 圈地运动导致了英国种植业的全面衰退C. 工业革命推动英国资本主义大农业发展D. 更多富余农产品为工业化供应坚实基础7. 1888年9月12日，一份报纸对慕尼黑博览会上的一项独创，作了如此的报道与描述：“星期六下午，人们怀着惊异的目光看到一辆三轮马车在街上行走，前边没有马，也没有辕杆，车上只有一个男人，马车在自己行走，大街上的人们都惊异万分。

厦门双十中学2023—2024学年第一学期高一年级期中考试历史试题一、选择题1. 距今6000多年前，河南濮阳西水坡遗址发现一座墓葬中由蚌壳堆出的龙的形象；距今5000多年前的红山文化和长江中下游凌家滩文化中都出土了身体呈C 型的玉龙。

材料可以用来说明（ ）A. 中华文明多元一体特征B. 阶级分化日益明显C. 国家统一趋势不断加强D. 华夏认同观念形成2. 1975年， 河南堰师二里头遗址出土了一件长流平底三足青铜爵， 被誉为“中国最早的青铜酒杯”。

《世本》有夏代“杜康造酒”“太康造林酒”等记载， 当时酒主要是专属享用物品，在关于夏桀的篇章里已有少量酒的记载。

这些资料可用于印证夏代（ ）A. 青铜冶炼技术领先世界B. 饮食结构发生了重大变化C. 农业经济水平有所发展D. 统治者奢靡享乐导致亡国3. 无论同姓子弟还是异姓诸侯，接受了周天子的封赐后就成了“小宗”，而周天子则是“大宗”，用这种称谓意味着受封诸侯都被纳入了周王室的宗法网（络）之中。

宗族内部长幼、嫡庶和尊卑之别的“礼”成为了周的政治规范。

这表明周代宗法制（ ）A. 让周王室成为了天下所有部族的大宗B. 不完全是以血缘亲疏来分配政治权力C. 解决了贵族之间在权力分配上的矛盾D. 是中央政府直接掌控地方权力的纽带4. 鲁隐公元年至九年（前722一前714年），周王三次派使臣聘问（表达遣使互通之意）鲁，而鲁 却一次也未参加天子朝聘；鲁桓公时期（前711一前694年），周王又三次聘鲁，而鲁君仍一次 也未去洛邑朝聘。

这表明当时（ ）A 宗法原则被抛弃 B. “礼乐征伐自天子出”C. 分封制土崩瓦解D. 周王室权威受到挑战5. 据考古报告，从数十处战国以前的墓葬中发现了铁器实物，这些铁器不少是自然陨铁制作而成，发现地分布情况见下图。

据此可知，战国以前A. 铁制农具得到普遍使用B. 新疆地区与中原联系紧密C. 我国的冶铁技术已经相当普及D. 铁器分布可反映社会发展程度.6. 老子提出“治大国若烹小鲜”；孟子强调“穷则独善其身，达则兼善天下”；墨子则倡导“兴天下之利，除天下之害”。