AATCC112 Release HCHO

分析测试仪器相关英文简称仪器紫外：UV原吸：AAS高效液相色谱：HPLC气相色谱：GC薄层色谱：TLC离子色谱：IC原子荧光：AFS电感耦合等离子体扫描光谱仪：ICP质谱：MS红外光谱：IR；傅立叶红外光谱：FT-IR；核磁共振：NMR近红外：NIR示差扫描量热仪：DSC动态热机械分析仪：DTMAX射线荧光光谱仪：XRF透射电子显微镜:TEM扫描电子显微镜:SEM场电子显微镜:FEM场离子显微镜:FIM低能电子衍射EED光电子能谱:ESCA扫描隧道显微镜:STM原子力显微镜:AFM横向力显微镜FM扫描探针显微镜:SPMBOD:生化耗氧量COD:化学耗氧量TOC:总有机碳TIC:总无机碳AOX:可吸收卤化物仪器中文名称仪器英文名称英文缩写原子发射光谱仪Atomic Emission Spectrometer AES电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission SpectrometerICP 直流等离子体发射光谱仪Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer DCP紫外-可见光分光光度计UV-Visible Spectrophotometer UV-Vis微波等离子体光谱仪Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission SpectrometerMIP原子吸收光谱仪Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS原子荧光光谱仪Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy AFS傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FT-IR Spectrometer FTIR傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪FT-Raman Spectrometer FTIR-Raman气相色谱仪Gas Chromatograph GC高压/效液相色谱仪High Pressure/Performance Liquid ChromatographyHPLC离子色谱仪Ion Chromatograph IC凝胶渗透色谱仪Gel Permeation Chromatograph GPC体积排阻色谱Size Exclusion Chromatograph SECX射线荧光光谱仪X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer XRFX射线衍射仪X-Ray Diffractomer XRD同位素X荧光光谱仪Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer电子能谱仪Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy能谱仪Energy Disperse Spectroscopy EDS质谱仪Mass Spectrometer MS核磁共振波谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer NMR电子顺磁共振波谱仪Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer ESR 极谱仪Polarograph伏安仪Voltammerter自动滴定仪Automatic Titrator电导仪Conductivity MeterpH计pH Meter水质分析仪Water Test Kits电泳仪Electrophoresis System表面科学Surface Science电子显微镜Electro Microscopy光学显微镜Optical Microscopy金相显微镜Metallurgical Microscopy扫描探针显微镜Scanning Probe Microscopy表面分析仪Surface Analyzer无损检测仪Instrument for Nondestructive Testing物性分析Physical Property Analysis热分析仪Thermal Analyzer粘度计Viscometer流变仪Rheometer粒度分析仪Particle Size Analyzer热物理性能测定仪Thermal Physical Property Tester电性能测定仪Electrical Property Tester光学性能测定仪Optical Property Tester机械性能测定仪Mechanical Property Tester燃烧性能测定仪Combustion Property Tester老化性能测定仪Aging Property Tester生物技术分析Biochemical analysisPCR仪Instrument for Polymerase Chain Reaction PCRDNA及蛋白质的测序和合成仪Sequencers and Synthesizers for DNA and Protein 传感器Sensors其他Other/Miscellaneous流动分析与过程分析Flow Analytical and Process Analytical Chemistry气体分析Gas Analysis基本物理量测定Basic Physics样品处理Sample Handling金属/材料元素分析仪Metal/material elemental analysis 环境成分分析仪CHN Analysis发酵罐Fermenter生物反应器Bio-reactor摇床Shaker离心机Centrifuge超声破碎仪Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor超低温冰箱Ultra-low Temperature Freezer恒温循环泵Constant Temperature Circulator超滤器Ultrahigh Purity Filter冻干机Freeze Drying Equipment部分收集器Fraction Collector氨基酸测序仪Protein Sequencer氨基酸组成分析仪Amino Acid Analyzer多肽合成仪Peptide synthesizerDNA测序仪DNA SequencersDNA合成仪DNA synthesizer紫外观察灯Ultraviolet Lamp分子杂交仪Hybridization OvenPCR仪PCR Amplifier化学发光仪Chemiluminescence Apparatus紫外检测仪Ultraviolet Detector 电泳Electrophoresis酶标仪ELIASACO2培养箱CO2 Incubators倒置显微镜Inverted Microscope 超净工作台Bechtop。

AATCC标准一．常用的AATCC标准AATCC-8 AATCC-15 AATCC-61 AATCC-16 AATCC-179 AATCC-172 AATCC-118AATCC-135 AATCC-124 AATCC-143 AATCC-88B AATCC-88C AATCC-130 AATCC-22 二.培训内容摩擦牢度AATCC-8-20011．定义：色纱或织物表面颜色通过摩擦转移到其他邻近物的表面。

表面颜色的转移2．主要技术指标：摩擦头为圆形，直径16MM，往返行程104±3MM，垂直压力为9N±10%N。

摩擦次数：20次，频率： 1圈/1秒。

湿摩擦带液率65%±5%.平衡条件：（21±1°C，相对湿度65%±2）。

3．主要设备与材料：AATCC摩擦仪、小白棉布（不能含有荧光增白剂和整理剂40(36)/，80X80平纹）、沾色灰卡4．操作注意事项1）取样：试样调湿4小时。

要求斜纹织物要平行织物的经纬取样，平纹织物倾斜一定角度取样，条绒按照斜向取样。

提花类应考虑保持最大摩擦力的方向进行摩擦。

2）取样不能靠边（至少距边5厘米以上），干湿摩擦要取同一方向的试样。

样品不能有折皱和影响摩擦结果的疵点。

3）湿摩擦用布确保带液量，有称重和预加湿两种方法。

调湿后试样及时做。

4）手动摇柄作到均匀摇动1圈/1秒，起始位置放在最前端。

5）印花布应全部颜色取到，除非客人有要求细小颜色不做考虑。

但花型尺寸超过2”必须分开做。

印花布花型不同，造成沾色不均匀时的评级以最深的评级。

6）正反面材料不同时，应两面全做，除非客人没有要求。

例如双层复合布。

7）特别精细的印花布和地毯类织物不能应用此方法检测牢度（ISO无此要求）8）摩擦评级前，若白布上存留一些散纤维，要用透明胶带轻轻去除松散绒毛，不可重压。

9）评级要求摩擦白布下垫3层未使用的摩擦白布后进行评级。

在D65光源下评级。

Copyright © 2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 174TM 112-2003AATCC Technical Manual/2007Developed in 1965 by AATCC Committee RR68; reaffirmed 1968, 1972, 1989,1998, 2003; revised 1975, 1978, 1982,1984, 1993; technical correction 1983;editorially revised 1985, 1986; editorially revised and reaffirmed (with new title)1990.1. Purpose and Scope1.1 This test method is applicable to textile fabrics that may evolve formalde-hyde, particularly fabrics finished with chemicals containing formaldehyde. It provides accelerated storage conditions and an analytical means for determining the amount of formaldehyde released un-der the conditions of accelerated storage (see Section 5 and 10.1).1.2 An optional accelerated incubation procedure is available (see 13.5).2. Principle2.1 A weighed fabric specimen is sus-pended over water in a sealed jar. The jar is placed in an oven at a controlled tem-perature for a specified length of time (see 13.5). The amount of formaldehyde absorbed by the water is then determined colorimetrically.3. Terminology 3.1 formaldehyde release, n.—that formaldehyde evolved from textiles un-der the accelerated storage conditions of this test, including that which is free (un-bound or occluded) from unreacted chemicals, or from finish degradation as a result of this test.4. Safety PrecautionsNOTE: These safety precautions are for information purposes only. The pre-cautions are ancillary to the testing proce-dures and are not intended to be all inclu-sive. It is the user’s responsibility to use safe and proper techniques in handling materials in this test method. Manufac-turers MUST be consulted for specific details such as material safety data sheets and other manufacturer’s recommenda-tions. All OSHA standards and rules must also be consulted and followed.4.1 Good laboratory practice should be followed. Wear safety glasses in all labo-ratory areas.4.2 When handling glacial acetic acid to prepare Nash reagent, use chemical goggles or face shield, impervious gloves and an impervious apron during prepara-tion. Concentrated acids should be han-dled only in an adequately ventilated lab-oratory hood. CAUTION: Always add acid to water.4.3 Formaldehyde is a sensory irritant and potential sensitizer. Its chronic toxic-ity has not been fully established. Use in an adequately ventilated laboratory hood.Avoid inhalation or skin contact. Use chemical goggles or face shield, impervi-ous gloves and an impervious apron when working with formaldehyde.4.4 An eyewash/safety shower should be located nearby and a self-contained breathing apparatus should be readily available for emergency use.4.5 Exposure to chemicals used in this procedure must be controlled at or below levels set by governmental authorities (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s [OSHA] permissible exposure limits [PEL] as found in 29CFR 1910.1000 of January 1, 1989). In addition, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit V alues (TLVs)comprised of time weighted averages (TLV-TWA), short term exposure limits (TLV-STEL) and ceiling limits (TLV-C)are recommended as a general guide for air contaminant exposure which should be met (see 13.7).5. Uses and Limitations 5.1 The procedure is intended for use in the range of releaseable formaldehyde on the fabric up to about 3500 µg/g. The upper limit is 500 µg/g if a 1:1 ratio of Nash reagent to sample solution is used in the analytical portion of the test and 3500 µg/g if a 10:1 ratio is used. The pro-cedure promotes formaldehyde release from odor-free, fully cured durable press fabrics that have been afterwashed (Vail,S. L. and B. A. K. Andrews, Textile Chemist and Colorist , V ol. 11, No. 1, Jan-uary 1979, p. 48). For these reasons, the procedure should not be used to estimate µg/g formaldehyde in air for compliance with any mandated or voluntary stan-dards. The procedure was originally de-veloped to measure the “propensity of a resin-treated fabric to liberate an exces-sive amount of formaldehyde under hot,humid conditions.” (Nuessle, A. C.,American Dyestuff Reporter , V ol. 55, No.17, 1966, pp. 48-50; also Reid, J. D., R.L. Arcenaux, R. M. Reinhardt and J. A.Harris, American Dyestuff Reporter , V ol.49, No. 14, 1960, pp. 29-34.)AATCC Test Method 112-2003Formaldehyde Release from Fabric, Determination of:Sealed Jar MethodFig. 1—The wire mesh basket detailed on the left is suspended in a sealed jar with one fabric specimen as shown on the right.Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Licensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100 Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDT No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSCopyright © 2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists AATCC Technical Manual/2007TM 112-20031756. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Mason or equivalent canning jars,0.95 L (1 qt) and gas sealing caps.6.2 Small wire mesh baskets (or other suitable means for suspending fabric above the water level inside the jars; see 13.1). As an alternative to the wire mesh baskets, a double strand of sewing thread may be used to make a loop in the fabric that has been folded in half twice, sus-pended above the water level. The two double-thread ends are draped over the top of the jar and held securely by the jar cap.6.3 Thermostatically controlled oven,49 ± 1°C (120 ± 2°F) (see 13.5).6.4 Nash reagent prepared from ammo-nium acetate, acetic acid and acetylace-tone and water (see7.1).6.5 Formaldehyde solution, approxi-mately 37%.6.6 V olumetric flasks, 50, 500 and 1000 mL.6.7 Mohr pipettes, graduated in tenths of a mL; and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 50mL volumetric pipettes, all calibrated “to deliver” and meeting Class B volume ac-curacy and flow time requirements (see 13.2).6.8 Graduated cylinders, 10 and 50mL, graduated in mL, calibrated “to de-liver” and meeting Class A volume accu-racy requirements (see 13.2).6.9 Photoelectric colorimeter or spec-trophotometer (see 10.2).6.10 Test tubes or colorimeter tubes (see 13.2).7.Preparation of Nash Reagent7.1 In a 1000 mL volumetric flask, dis-solve 150 g of ammonium acetate in about 800 mL of distilled water; add 3mL of glacial acetic acid and 2 mL of acetylacetone. Make up to the mark with distilled water and mix. Store in a brown bottle.7.2 The reagent darkens in color slightly on standing over the first 12 h.For this reason the reagent should be held 12 h before use. Otherwise, the reagent is usable over a considerable period of time,at least 6-8 weeks. However, since the sensitivity may change slightly over a long period of time, it is good practice to run a calibration curve weekly to correct for slight changes in the standard curve.8.Preparation of Standard Solution andCalibration (Caution)8.1 Prepare an approximately 1500 µg/mL stock solution of formaldehyde by di-luting 3.8 mL of reagent grade formalde-hyde solution (approximately 37%) to one liter with distilled water. Equilibrate the stock solution for at least 24 h before standardization. Determine the concen-tration of formaldehyde in the stock solu-tion by a standard method (see 13.6 or any other suitable procedure such as so-dium sulfite titration using 0.1 N HCl.Reference: J. Frederick Walker, Formal-dehyde , 3rd Ed. Reinhold Publ. Co., New York, 1964, p. 486). Record the actual concentration of this standardized stock solution. This stock solution will keep for at least four weeks and is used to prepare standard dilutions. A 1:10 dilution of the standardized formaldehyde stock solution is prepared by pipetting 25 mL of the standardized stock solution into a 250 mL volumetric flash and diluting to the mark with distilled water. If the stock solution is titrated and found to be different than 1500 µg/mL, three methods that can be used for preparing the calibration curves are:8.1.1 Calculate new volumes of stock solution aliquots to pipette to achieve ex-actly 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 9.0 µg/mL, re-spectively. (For example, if the formalde-hyde stock solution were found to be 1470 µg/mL by titration, not 1500 µg/mL, pipette 5.1 mL, 10.2 mL, 15.3 mL,20.4 mL and 30.6 mL of the 147 µg/mL dilution into a 500 mL volumetric flask and dilute to mark with distilled water.)(NOTE: It is easy to make errors using a graduated pipette!)8.1.2 Pipette 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mL of the 1:10 dilution into a 500 mL volu-metric flask and dilute to mark with dis-tilled water. (If, for example, the stan-dardized stock solution were found to be 1470 µg/mL by titration, calculate new values for the calibration curve abscissa;i.e., 1.47, 2.94, 4.41, 5.88, 8.82 µg/mL.)This is the preferred method for those with a microprocessor spectrophotometer or computer. However, it is harder to plot manually.8.1.3 Calculate a concentration correc-tion factor for each sample. Correct the concentration for the dilution value using this factor. Plot the curve as if each of the dilutions were exactly 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0and 9.0 µg/mL. Calculate the correct con-centration for each of these values using the factor. For example, if the standard-ized stock solution were found to be 1470µg/mL by titration, then the correction factor (CF ) is:8.2 When 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mL ali-quots of the 1:10 dilution of the standard-ized stock solution from 8.1 are diluted with distilled water in 500 mL volumetric flasks, formaldehyde solutions contain-ing approximately 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 9.0 µg/mL formaldehyde respectively will be obtained. Record accurately the concentration of solutions. The equiva-lent concentrations of the formaldehyde in the test fabric based on the weight of CF Actual Nominal --------------------14701500-----------0.980===1g of the test fabric and 50 mL of water in the test jars, will be 50 times the accu-rate concentrations of these standard so-lutions.8.3 Use 5 mL aliquots of each of the standard solutions and the procedure de-scribed in 10.4-10.7 to prepare a calibra-tion chart in which µg/mL formaldehyde are plotted against absorbance.9. Test Specimens 9.1 Cut approximately 1 g specimens;weigh each one to ± 0.01 g.10. Procedures 10.1 Place 50 mL of distilled water in the bottom of each jar. Suspend one fab-ric specimen above the water in each jar,using a wire mesh basket or other means (see Fig. 1). Seal the jars and place them in the oven at 49 ± 1°C (120 ± 2°F) for 20h (see 13.5).10.2 Remove and cool the jars for at least 30 min.10.3 Remove the fabric and baskets, or other support, from the jars. Recap the jars and shake them to mix any condensa-tion formed on the jar sides.10.4 Pipette 5 mL of Nash reagent into a suitable number of test tubes, small (50mL) Erlenmeyer flasks, or other suitable flasks (colorimeter or spectrophotometer tubes can be used directly, see 13.2) and pipette 5 mL of the reagent into at least one additional tube for a reagent blank.Add 5 mL aliquots from each of the sam-ple incubation jars to the tubes and 5 mL of distilled water to the tube which is used as a reagent blank.10.5 Mix and place the tubes in a 58 ±1°C water bath for 6 min. Remove and cool.10.6 Read the absorbance in the colo-rimeter or spectrophotometer against the reagent blank using a blue filter or a wavelength of 412 nm. Caution: Expo-sure of the developed yellow color to di-rect sunlight for a period of time will cause some fading. If there is appreciable delay in reading the tubes after color de-velopment and strong sunlight is present,care should be exercised to protect the tubes such as by covering them with a cardboard box or by similar means. Oth-erwise the color is stable for considerable time (at least overnight) and reading may be delayed.10.7 Determine the µg/mL formalde-hyde (HCHO) in the sample solutions us-ing the prepared calibration curve (see 8.3 and 13.3).11. Calculation 11.1 Calculate the amount of formalde-hyde released for each specimen to the nearest µg/g using the following equation:F = (C ) (50)/WCopyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and ColoristsProvided by IHS under license with AATCCLicensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100 Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDT No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSCopyright © 2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 176TM 112-2003AATCC Technical Manual/2007where:F concentration of formaldehyde (µg/g),C =concentration of formaldehyde in solution as read from the calibra-tion curve, and W =weight of the test specimen, g.12. Precision and Bias 12.1 Precision.12.1.1 Interlaboratory tests. Two inter-laboratory studies (ILS) of AATCC Method 112 were conducted in 1990 and 1991, with a 20 h incubation at 49°C and a 5/5 sample to Nash solution ratio. Sin-gle operators in each participating labora-tory ran triplicate determinations on each fabric. In the first ILS, results from nine laboratories testing one fabric each at three low formaldehyde levels in the range of 100-400 µg/g were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOV A). In the second ILS, results from eight laborato-ries testing ten fabrics of nominal 0 µg/g were analyzed by ANOV A. The analyses have been deposited for reference in the RA68 committee files.12.1.2 Critical differences were calcu-lated for zero-formaldehyde fabrics,shown in Table I, and for low level-form-aldehyde fabrics shown in Table II.12.1.3 When two or more laboratories wish to compare test results, it is recom-mended that laboratory level be estab-lished between them prior to beginning test comparisons.12.1.4 If comparisons are made be-tween laboratories on a single fabric level of formaldehyde release, the critical dif-ferences in the column, single level, in Table II should be used.12.1.5 If comparisons are made be-tween laboratories on a series of fabrics of a range of formaldehyde levels, the critical differences in the column, multi-ple levels, in Table II should be used.12.1.6 The number of determinations per laboratory average (det/avg) also de-termines the critical difference.12.2 Bias.12.2.1 The formaldehyde release of a fabric can be defined only in terms of a test method. There is no independent method for determining the true value. As a means of estimating formaldehyde re-leased from a fabric under the conditions of accelerated storage in AATCC Method 112, the method has no known bias.12.2.2 AATCC Method 112 generallyis accepted by the textile and apparel in-dustries as a referee method.13. Notes 13.1 A simple cloth support for insertion in the mason jars can be constructed as follows:A piece of aluminum wire screening 15.2 ×14.0 cm (6.0 × 5.5 in.) is bent around a length of wood 3.8 cm (1.5 in.) square and fastened together to form a rectangular, open-endedcage. One side is cut at the corners about half-way up the side and the cut section folded in-ward and fastened. This folded piece forms the bottom of the wire basket while the other three sides form the support legs. Fastening can be accomplished by twisting short lengths of wire through or around the appropriate part.13.2 The ratio of reagent to sample solu-tions can be adjusted, within limits, to suit the individual absorbance range and optical pathlength of the sampling tubes or cuvettes of the particular photometric instrument being used.For example, although 5 mL reagent to 5 mLsample solution has been found convenient for several types of instruments, other 1:1 ratios,such as a ratio of 2 mL reagent to 2 mL sam-ple may be more suitable for others. The same ratio should be used with the standards as with the sample. The use of colorimeter or spectro-photometer tubes directly for color develop-ments avoids the transfer step, test tubes to spectrophotometer cells, and may save consid-erable time when many determinations are to be made. Repipettes or similar devices can be used for reagent dispensing, and Oxford or Eppendorf disposable tip automatic pipettes can be used for the sample solutions.13.3 The procedure in Section 10 has been set up to cover the range from about 0 µg/g on the weight of the fabric to about 500 µg/g. In fabrics containing releasable formaldehyde in the range from 500 µg/g on the weight of the fabric to about 3500 µg/g, it is recommended that a ratio of 10 mL Nash reagent to 1 mL sample be used. If this is done, it is necessary to prepare an additional calibration chart with 10:1 ratios of standard solutions to Nash re-agent by diluting 5, 10, 15 and 20 µg/mL, re-spectively, of the approximately 1500 µg/mL standardized stock solution of formaldehyde to the mark with distilled water in 500 mL vol-umetric flasks. Formaldehyde solutions con-taining approximately 15, 30, 45 and 60 µg/mL respectively will be obtained (see 8.3).13.4 The chromotropic acid colorimetricmethod can be used as an alternate to the Nash reagent for the determination of the formalde-hyde content of the sample jars after oven in-cubation. It should be noted that the Precision and Bias Statement was not developed usingthe chromotropic acid method. A suitable pro-cedure is given in J. Frederick Walker, Form-aldehyde, 3rd Edition, Reinhold Publishing Co., NY, 1964, p470. When using this methoda change may be necessary in the size of both the aliquots taken from the sample jars (see10.2) and the standard formaldehyde solutions used in preparing the calibration curve (see 8.3).Caution! Since concentrated sulfuric acid is used with the chromotropic acid method, adequate care should be exercised to protect operating personnel and spectrophoto-metric equipment.13.5 Incubation conditions of 65 ± 1°C (149 ± 4°F) for 4 h can be used as an alternate to the incubation conditions of 49 ± 1°C (120± 2°F) for 20 h (see 5.3 and 10.1). The incuba-tion conditions of time and temperature mustbe reported. Upon completion of the 4-h incu-bation period, remove and cool the jars for at least 30 min and remove the fabric from the jars. Recap the jars and shake them to mix any condensation formed on the jar sides. Proce-dures for sample preparation and color devel-opment following the incubation period are performed as outlined in 10.4-10.7.13.6 Standardization of Formaldehyde Stock Solution. General: The stock solution containing approximately 1500 µg/mL of formaldehyde must be accurately standardized in order to make precise calculations from the calibration curve used in colorimetric analysis.An aliquot of the stock solution is reacted with an excess of sodium sulfite followed by a back-titration with standard acid solution in the presence of thymolphthalein as indicator.Apparatus: 10-mL volumetric pipette, 50-mL volumetric pipette, 50-mL burette, 150-mL Erlenmeyer flask.Reagents: 1 M sodium sulfite (126 g Anhy-drous Na 2SO 3/L), 0.1% Thymolphthalein Indi-cator in ethanol, 0.02 N sulfuric acid (can bepurchased in standardized form from chemical supply companies or must be standardizedfrom standard NaOH solution). Do not usecommercial standardized sulfuric acid that has been stabilized with formaldehyde. If there isa doubt, check with the chemical supplier.Procedure: A. Pipette 50 mL of 1 M Na 2SO 3 into the Erlenmeyer flask. B. Add 2drops of thymolphthalein indicator. C. Add a few drops of standard acid until blue color dis-appears (if necessary). D. Pipette 10 mL of thestock formaldehyde solution to the flask.(Blue color will reappear.) E. Titrate the solu-tion with the standard 0.02N H 2SO 4 until theblue color is discharged. Record the volume of acid used. (The volume of acid should be in the range of 25 mL for 0.02N acid.)Calculations:C = (30,030) (A ) (N )/10where:C =Wt/Vol concentration of formalde-hyde (µg/mL)A =V ol of acid used (mL)N =Normality of acid Perform the standardization in duplicates.Average the results and use the accurate con-centration in preparing the calibration curve for the colorimetric analysis.13.7 Available from Publications Office,ACGIH, Kemper Woods Center, 1330Kemper Meadow Dr., Cincinnati OH 45240;tel: 513/742-2020.Table I—Critical Differences for Zero Formaldehyde Det/Avg Critical Differences for Averages 95% Probability, µg/g Within Lab Single Fabric Between Labs Multiple Fabric Between Labs 17.712.013.82 5.510.612.73 4.510.212.3Table II—Critical Differences for Low Level Formaldehyde Det/Avg Critical Differences for Averages 95% Probability, µg/g Within Lab Single Fabric Between Labs Multiple Fabric Between Labs 121.680.3116.0215.278.9115.0312.478.4114.7Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and ColoristsProvided by IHS under license with AATCC Licensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDT No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS。

JC/T《集装箱房屋用防火板材》行业标准试验验证报告2017年11月JC/T《集装箱房屋用防火板材》行业标准试验验证报告主要试验（或验证）情况分析标准制订工作过程中，在12家集装箱房屋用防火板材生产企业提供的试样共计34组装饰板、28组底板，验证试验由中国建材检验认证集团安徽有限公司、张家港市盛港绿色防火建材有限公司共同完成，试验结果如下：一、物理性能指标1 表观密度的分类与厚度规格的确定表观密度的测试按照GB/T 17657的规定进行，装饰板的表观密度并无限制，只对其抗折强度和抗冲击强度进行测试即可。

对收集的28组底板试样进行试验，结果显示表观密度最小值为0.9t/m3，最大值为1.2t/m3。

经过统计，100%的底板样品的表观密度大于0.85t/m3，因此建议底板的表观密度为不小于0.85t/m3。

厚度的测试按GB/T 18103的规定进行，对收集的34组装饰板和28组底板的试样进行试验，结果显示34组装饰板的厚度最小值为3mm，最大值为12mm，未取到3mm以下或12mm以上厚度的装饰板样品；28组底板的厚度最小值为10mm，最大值为20mm，未取到10mm以下或20mm 以上厚度的底板样品。

因此建议规格尺寸中装饰板厚度为3mm～12mm，底板厚度为10mm～20mm。

2抗折强度和厚度的关系抗折强度的测试按JC646的规定进行，对收集的34组装饰板试样和28组底板试样进行试验，由于集装箱房屋用防火板材根据功能分为2类，不同类别的抗折强度随着厚度的变化均对应了不同的抗折强度值，因此整理数据如下：2.1集装箱房屋用防火装饰板，抗折强度与厚度的关系见图1，由图1可知：t<6mm，86%样品的抗折强度S1≥10.0MPa；6mm≤t≤10mm，83.3%的样品的S1≥8.0MPa；t>10mm，89%的样品S1≥6.0MPa。

因此建议不同厚度装饰板的抗折强度S1取值分别为：t<6mm时，S1≥10.0MPa，6 mm≤t≤10mm，S1≥8.0MPa，t>10mm，S1≥6.0MPa。

甲醛含量检测甲醛（分子式：HCHO），通常情况下是一种可燃、无色及有刺激性的气体，易溶于水、醇和醚，其35%-40%的水溶液俗称“福尔马林”，常用作防腐剂。

甲醛是一种原浆毒物，能与蛋白质结合，吸入高浓度甲醛后，会出现呼吸道的严重刺激和水肿、眼刺痛、头痛，也可发生支气管哮喘。

皮肤直接接触甲醛，可引起皮炎、色斑、坏死等。

甲醛作为反应剂被广泛用于各种纺织整理助剂中，如树脂整理剂、固色剂、柔软剂、黏合剂等都有游离甲醛释放。

我们日常生活中所使用的合成纺织品、服装、皮革、床上用品、窗帘等都含有甲醛。

SGS甲醛含量测试相关限制：1、木材工业用于生产脲醛树脂及酚醛树脂，由甲醛与尿素按一定摩尔比混合进行反应生成脲醛树脂。

由甲醛与苯酚按一定摩尔比混合进行反应生成酚醛树脂。

甲醛在木材加工业中不可替代的位置正在被M DI胶取代。

2、纺织产业服装在树酯整理的过程中都要涉及甲醛的使用。

服装的面料生产，为了达到防皱、防缩、阻燃等作用，或为了保持印花、染色的耐久性，或为了改善手感，就需在助剂中添加甲醛。

目前用甲醛印染助甲醛在纺织业的应用剂比较多的是纯棉纺织品，因为纯棉纺织品容易起皱，使用含甲醛的助剂能提高棉布的硬挺度。

含有甲醛的纺织品，在人们穿着和使用过程中，会逐渐释出游离甲醛，通过人体呼吸道及皮肤接触引发呼吸道炎症和皮肤炎症，还会对眼睛产生刺激。

甲醛能引发过敏，还可诱发癌症。

厂家使用含甲醛的染色助剂，特别是一些生产厂为降低成本，使用甲醛含量极高的廉价助剂，对人体十分有害。

3、防腐溶液甲醛是由(即甲醛亚硫酸氢钠)在60℃以上分解释放出的一种物质，它无色，有刺激气味，易溶于水。

35%～40%的甲醛水溶液俗称福尔马林，具有防腐杀菌性能，可用来浸制生物标本，给种子消毒等。

相关限制：纺织印染助剂对甲醛的限制不能使用使直接与皮肤接触的纺织品的甲醛量超过30ppm和使所有其它纺织品的甲醛量超过300ppm的纺织助剂，如含超标甲醛量的羊毛保护剂、固色刑、交联剂、粘合剂等。

使用说明书GC112A 气相色谱仪付印声明此说明书之内容，修改时将不经通告。

本企业对此说明书中所例材料用于其它目的的可营销性及适用性，不作任何保证，或者默许的保证。

对因此引起的由于使用本材料造成的意外或导致的损坏，本企业将概不负责。

未经本企业的事先书面许可，此说明书之部分或全部均不准复印、翻印或译成它种语言。

安全须知警告信息是提醒您注意可能招致您或他人受到伤害或损坏本仪器的环境和条件。

说明信息是提醒您值得关注的重要信息或留意可能会影响本仪器正常工作的环境和条件。

目次1综述1.1 仪器的技术指标及使用要求……………………………………………(1-3) 1.2 仪器成套性及可选配附件………………………………………………(1-5) 1.3 仪器的工作原理…………………………………………………………(1-7) 1.4 仪器的主机结构…………………………………………………………(1-8) 1.5 色谱柱箱…………………………………………………………………(1-9) 1.6 进样器……………………………………………………………………(1-10) 1.7 气路控制系统……………………………………………………………(1-13)2微机温度控制器2.1 面板与键盘………………………………………………………………(2-2) 2.2 微机温度控制器的操作…………………………………………………(2-12)3检测器系统3.1 氢火焰离子化检测器(FID) ……………………………………………(3-1) 3.2 FID检测器与主机的联接………………………………………………(3-3) 3.3 FID检测器的工作方式…………………………………………………(3-4) 3.4 FID微电流放大器及面板设置…………………………………………(3-7)4仪器安装运行4.1 电源的要求………………………………………………………………(4-1) 4.2 气源的准备和处理………………………………………………………(4-2) 4.3 外气路的连接……………………………………………………………(4-3) 4.4 安装填充柱………………………………………………………………(4-6) 4.5 如何连接色谱数据处理设备……………………………………………(4-12) 4.6 FID恒温分析操作………………………………………………………(4-13) 4.7 FID程升分析操作………………………………………………………(4-15) 4.8 FID检测器使用注意事项………………………………………………(4-16)5毛细管柱分析系统5.1 毛细管流路介绍………………………………………………………(5-2) 5.2 毛细管进样器的安装…………………………………………………(5-5) 5.3 尾吹接头与氢火焰检测器的连接……………………………………(5-8) 5.4 安装毛细管柱…………………………………………………………(5-10) 5.5 分流进样毛细管柱分析操作…………………………………………(5-12) 5.6 皂膜流量计的使用……………………………………………………(5-15)6仪器的保养6.1 仪器的维护………………………………………………………………(6-1) 6.2 氢火焰离子化检测器的清洗……………………………………………(6-2) 6.3 进样器清洗………………………………………………………………(6-3) 6.4 色谱信号判断及故障排除………………………………………………(6-4)7GC112A-TCD热导池检测器及恒流电源7.1 GC112A-TCD热导池检测器工作原理…………………………………(7-1) 7.2 GC112A-TCD热导池检测器技术指标…………………………………(7-3) 7.3 GC112A-TCD热导池检测器的安装……………………………………(7-4) 7.4 GC112A-TCD热导池检测器恒流电源的安装…………………………(7-6) 7.5 GC112A-TCD热导池检测器恒流电源面板及设置……………………(7-9) 7.6 GC112A-TCD热导池检测器气路系统的连接…………………………(7-10) 7.7 选用GC112A-TCD热导池检测器时的色谱柱安装……………………(7-11) 7.8 GC112A-TCD热导池检测器恒温分析操作……………………………(7-12) 7.9 GC112A-TCD热导池检测器程序升温分析操作………………………(7-14) 7.10 GC112A-TCD热导池检测器检测器的维护……………………………(7-15)附表一气体流量表 (I)1 综述GC112A型气相色谱仪系微机化、高性能、低价格、全新设计的通用型气相色谱仪，具有高稳定可靠、结构简洁合理、操作方便、外型美观等优点。

纺织品中甲醛的测定(AATCC112-1998)目的及测试范围1.1本测试方法适合用于能够释放出甲醛的纺织品，尤其是在化学处理过程中用了甲醛作试剂的纺织品。

1.2需用到一个保温烘箱。

2、原理2.1在一个可以密封的瓶里装上水，将已准确称重的织物样品悬挂在水上方。

把瓶子放入一个可以调节温度的烘箱内。

被水吸收的甲醛量可由比色计读出。

3、仪器及用料3.1容量0.95L（1qt）的瓦瓶或是容量相同的罐头瓶，配有气体密封瓶盖。

3.2一个小铁丝网篮（或是其它可以将织物悬挂在瓶内水的上方的合适装备）；也可以把织物从中间折叠，然后用缝纫线挽成一个圈将其悬挂在水上方一定的位置，最后把线系在瓶盖的上方并旋紧瓶盖。

（网篮法和缝纫线法可以任选）。

3.3恒温箱，49±1℃（120±2℉）。

3.4 Nash试剂（由醋酸胺、冰醋酸、乙酰丙酮和水配制而成）（见4.1）。

3.5甲醛溶液，浓度近似为37％。

3.6 50、500、1000ml的锥形瓶。

3.7带有0.1ml刻度的莫尔吸量管，5、10、15、20、25、30、50ml的移液管，要求校准的精确度能达到B级标准。

3.8最小刻度范围1ml的10、50ml的量筒，要求校准后的精度要求达到A级标准。

3.9比色计尺或分光光度计（见7.2）。

3.10试管或比色皿。

4、Nash试剂的制备4.1在1000ml容量瓶中，加入150g醋酸铵,用800ml蒸馏水溶解,然后加3ml冰醋酸和2ml 乙酰丙酮，用蒸馏水稀释至刻度并混合均匀，储存在棕色瓶中，保存在暗处。

4.2由于放置初期的12h显色剂颜色会逐渐变深。

因此，用前必须贮存12h以上。

试剂6－8周内可以有效，但由于显色剂经长期贮存后,灵敏度会稍起变化,故每星期应画校正曲线。

5、标准溶液的配置及标定5.1用蒸馏水稀释3.8ml试剂级甲醛溶液（浓度大约37％）至1L以配制约1500μg/ml的甲醛溶液，在标定前溶液要至少要静置24h。

AATCC检验方法84-2011纱线电阻试验方法在1955年由AA TCC委员会RA32制定；复审1960,1969,1973,1977,1989,2005,2011；编辑性修改1974,1984,1985,1997,2008；修订1982,2002(包括题目修改)；编辑性修改和复审1987,1995。

1.目的和范围1.1本试验方法的目的是测定所有纺织纱线的电阻，包括天然纤维和化学纤维。

纺织纱线的电阻影响静电荷的积聚。

2.原理2.1试样在规定温度和相对湿度条件下平衡。

采用电阻计测量，固定在两个电极之间的一段纱线的电阻。

3.术语3.1电阻，名词—材料的物理属性，在材料两端加上一定电压时，电流能够通过材料的能力。

电阻（单位：欧姆），等于电压（单位：伏特）除以电流（单位：安倍）。

4.安全预防注意：这些安全防范只是出于提供信息的目的。

预防措施，是为了辅助测试过程，并不包含所有。

试验人员有责任采用安全、合理的技术处理材料。

制造商必须提供具体的细节资料，比如：材料安全数据表和其它说明。

必须参考并遵循所有OSHA标准和规则。

4.1 遵循良好实验室操作规范。

在所有实验室区域内，化验员必须佩戴安全防护眼镜。

4.2 对于放射性电棒，由制造厂提供安全建议。

4.3放射性电棒释放的阿尔法射线，对人体无外部伤害。

放射性同位素钋210是有毒的，应该按防范措施，防止摄取或者吸入固体材料。

不要拆卸放射性电棒，或者接触栏栅下的辐射带。

如果接触或者搬动辐射带，立即彻底地清洗双手。

当静电消除器失灵或者废止使用，把设备归还制造商。

不要作为废品丢弃。

5.装置和材料5.1电阻计，配置固定位置或者位置可移动的平行电极（参见11.1）。

5.2调湿和实验仓（室）（参见11.2）。

5.3标准电阻（参见11.3）。

5.4放射性电棒（参见11.4）。

（国内称为：除静电棒）6.试样6.1试样的长度，根据电极的位置而定。

如果电极位置可移动，需进行初步调试，确定合适的电极间距，以使电阻计具有最大测试灵敏度。

欧洲标准EN717-1（小型气候箱法测定甲醛释放量）（中文版）这是英国标准的正式英文版本EN 717-1:2004。

它取代撤回DD ENV 717-1:1999。

（1立方米甲醛释放量环境检测箱）英国参与其筹备工作委托给技术委员会B/541，木制品板材中心，它有责任协助追究者理解文本，有责任向国际或欧洲协会任何追究者提供法规修改的解释与建议，并保证英国相关利益者的知晓。

监督相关国际和欧洲利益单位发展，并向他们颁布宣传这些法规协会中代表组织成员需要将此提交秘书处交叉参考：英国标准执行国际或欧洲出版物中提到的这个文件中可以在BSI的目录条款下的题为“国际标准通信指数”，或使用“搜索”BSI的电子目录或英国标准在线可以找到。

本刊物并非旨在包括所有必要的规定合同。

使用者须负责其正确适用。

综述页这份文件包括封面，内页前言，标题页，2至31内容页和封底。

在BSI的版权声明中显示该文件表明本文件是最新印发。

目录前言............................................... . (1)导言 (2)1范围............... . (2)2规范性引用........................... ............. (2)3术语和定义 (3)4原理............................. ........................... .. (3)5试剂 (4)5.1一般. ........ (4)5.2乙酰丙酮溶液.. (4)5.3醋酸溶液 (4)5.4甲醛标准溶液 (4)6仪器.................. ......................................... ..5 6.1试验室.. (5)6.2空气采样系统 (6)6.3设备的化学分析 (7)6.4设备的核查空气汇率 (7)7试件 (8)8程序 (8)8.1试验条件 (8)8.2验证测试条件 (7)8.3商会筹备 (10)8.4试件制备 (10)8.5加载和启动程序 (11)8.6空气采样和分析.................................. . (11)8.7测试持续时间 (11)9测定甲醛释放量 (12)9.1通则 (12)9.2原则 (12)9.3程序 (12)9.4标准曲线 (12)9.5计算的数额吸收甲醛 (14)9.6计算甲醛释放量 (15)10测定试验结果 (15)11表达的结果 (16)12测试报告 (16)这是CEN/TC 112 为板材检测建立的标准。