被动语态、条件状语从句和让步状语从句
李仕才
课程目标
一、学习目标
1. 条件状语从句及其连词的用法。
2. 让步状语从句及其连词的用法。
3. 被动语态。
二、重点、难点
重点：条件状语从句、让步状语从句及被动语态。
难点：让步状语从句和名词性从句的区别。
三、考情分析
这三种语法是高考考查的重点语法，历年考题中占有重要的地位，一般能在单选中占3-4分；在完形填空中也能占2-3分；我们复习时要特别注意这几种语法及其做题技巧，认真研究近几年的高考题。
知识梳理
一、条件状语从句
【教材原句】
If you say the word “communication”, most people think of words and sentences.
如果你说单词“交流”，大部分人会想到单词和句式。
If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon.
如果我们的右手忙着问候别人，它就不可能握有武器。
考点1引导条件状语从句的从属连词
【用法】
连接词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, provided, suppose, supposing 等。
【例句】
You can leave now if you like.
如果你愿意现在就可以走了。
As long as it doesn’t rain we can go.
只要不下雨，我们就可以去。
In case I forget, please remind me about it.
万一我忘记，请提醒我一下。
I will come on condition (that) she is invited too.
如果邀请她来, 那我就来。
He may go with us provided [providing] he arrives in time.
他若及时到达，就可以和我们一起走。
【考题链接】
they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.
A. As
B. While
C. Until
D. Once
答案：D
解题思路：句意：一旦他们决定去哪个大学，学生就应该搜索入学手续。once 一旦，根据句意选择D。
考点2条件状语从句的时态
【用法】
当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，条件状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。
【例句】
Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
如果你不是太累的话，让我们出去散步。
I’ll stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
要是明天下雨，我就呆在家里。
【考题链接】
We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours _______ well.
A. is working
B. works
C. will be working
D. worked
答案：B
解题思路：句意：如果你的那个新经济计划效果不好的话，我们今年会失去很多钱。在条件状语从句中，如果主句用一般将来时态，那么从句用一般现在时态表示将来意义。
考点3if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种
【用法】
真实条件句表示现实情况中可能实现的情况。非真实条件句也叫虚拟条件句，表示与现实情况相反的假设情况。
【例句】
If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go on a picnic.（真实条件句）
如果明天下雨，我们就不去野餐了。
If I were you, I would go with him. （非真实条件句）
如果我是你，我会跟他一道去。
【考题链接】
1. In time of serious accidents, ____ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.
A. whether
B. until
C. if
D. unless
答案：C
解题思路：句意：遇到严重的事故时，如果我们了解一些基础的急救知识，我们就能挽救生命。if如果；unless如果不……。
2. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.
A. were not ill, wouldn’t be
B. had been ill, wouldn’t have been
C. had been ill, should have been
D. hadn’t been ill, could be
答案：A
解题思路：句意：玛丽今天病了。如果她不病，她就不会缺课了。根据句意可知是虚拟语气的句子，并且指的是和现在事实相反的虚拟，故从句用一般过去时，而主句用would +do,故答案选A。
即学即练
1. We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
答案：B
解题思路：句意：我们都了解，这种状况如果不认真处理，会变的更糟。本题考查条件状语从句及省略。当主语和主句的主语一致并且有be时，省略主语和be; B项等于if the situation is not carefully dealt with,…。
2. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
A. Even though
B. Unless
C. As long as
D. While
答案：C
解题思路：句意：只要我知道钱是安全的，我就不会担心了。even though即使；unless 除非；as long as只要；while尽管。
二、让步状语从句
考点1whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however和no matter what/ who/ where/ when/ how等引导的让步状语从句。
注意1：whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however和no matter what/ who/ where/ when/ how等引导让步状语从句时，可以换用，意为：无论……，都……。
注意2：解这一类题目时，要注意连词在让步状语从句中所作的句子成分，另外，还要注意从句的语序。
【例句】
Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished...
不管是谁干的这事，早晚要被抓住并受到惩罚。
Some people enjoy themselves wherever they are...
有些人能够随遇而安。
【考题链接】
1. _____ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A. However
B. Whatever
C. No matter
D. Although
答案：A
解题思路：此题考查however的用法。句意：无论你准备的多么充分，在爬山时仍需要运气。however等于no matter how,但no matter不能单独用。句中的well是副词，所以用however, 而不用whatever。
2. No matter how , it is not necessarily lifeless．
A. a desert may be dry
B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry
D. dry may a desert be
答案：B
解题思路：句意：沙漠无论多么干燥，它也肯定有生命。让步状语从句的顺序必须是陈述语序，故排除A、C和D。
考点2although/though/as引导的让步状语从句。
【用法】
1. although和though引导让步状语从句时意为“尽管，虽然”，二者一般可以换用。要注意although 和though不能和but连用，但可以和yet或still连用。
2. as和though引导的让步状语从句，多使用倒装句。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且名词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有情态动词，则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。
【例句】
Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working.
虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。
Though I believe it, yet I must consider.
尽管我相信这一点，但我还得考虑考虑。
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress.
(=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.）
尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）
虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。
【考题链接】
1._______this is only a small town, it’s crowded with tourists who come here all year round.
A. Since
B. Unless
C. Once
D. Although
答案：D
解题思路：句意：这仅是个小镇，但这里一年到头挤满了游客。although 引导让步状语从句。since意为“自从”；unless意为“除非”；once意为“一旦”。
2. _________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sound
B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound
D. Strange as it might sound
答案：D
解题思路：句意：尽管听起来很奇怪。as引导让步状语从句时,常放在作表语、状语或谓语的一部分的形容词、名词、副词或动词原形之后。如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，则不再用冠词。
考点3 even if/even though引导的让步状语从句
【用法】
even if/even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导的让步状语从句的内容既可以是事实，也可以是一种假设。
【例句】
We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.
即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。
Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.）
即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。
【考题链接】
Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _________ they knew it was valuable.
A. as if
B. now that
C. even though
D. so that
答案：C
解题思路：句意：尽管他们知道他的建议很有价值，但许多人都不理会。even though
引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。as if意为“好像”。now that意为“既然”。so that意为“以便”。
考点4while引导的让步状语从句
【用法】
while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于although。
【例句】
While I like the colour, I don’t like the shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。【考题链接】
_________ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A. If
B. While
C. Because
D. As
答案：B
解题思路：句意：网络有很大的帮助，我认为花太多的时间在上面没有好处。考查状语从句（从属连词的选用），根据题干含义，显然需要一个表转折或让步的词，即while，尽管。而A是如果，表条件，C是因为，表原因，D是因为和像……，表原因和方式。
考点5whether…or…引导的让步状语从句。
【用法】
whether…or…引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……还是……”。
【例句】
Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.
无论你是否相信，这都是真的。
Whether or not they win this battle, they won’t win the war.
不管他们是否能赢得这次战役，他们绝不会赢得这场战争。
【考题链接】
All people, ______ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A. even if
B. whether
C. no matter
D. however
答案：B
解题思路：句意：所有人，无论老少、穷富，都在尽力帮助那些灾难后急需帮助的人。本题考查固定词组搭配。whether…or…表示“无论……还是……”。
即学即练
1. _________ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
A. While
B. Once
C. If
D. Until
答案：A
解题思路：考查状语从句。句意为:尽管我总是会感到我能通过考试,但是我从没有想过我会得个“优”。A项while引导让步状语从句,表尽管,符合句意;B项once一旦,曾经;C项if 如果；D项until直到。
2. _________ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
A. However
B. Whatever
C. Whichever
D. Whenever
答案：A
解题思路：考查状语从句。句意为:无论你多么努力地尝试,在不减少你的食量的情况下很难减肥。A项however无论如何,不管怎样,符合句意。B项whatever无论什么样;C项whichever无论哪一个;D项whenever无论何时。
3. —Look at those clouds!
—Don’t worry. _________ it rains, we’ll still have a great time.
A. Even if
B. As though
C. In case
D. If only
答案：A
解题思路：考查连词。句意为：——看看那些乌云!——别担心。即使下雨,我们仍然会玩得很开心。even if虽然,即使;as though好像,仿佛;in case万一,以防;if only要是……就好了。
4. Hot _________ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A. although
B. as
C. while
D. however
答案：B
解题思路：考查状语从句和倒装。句意为：尽管晚间的空气很热,我们还是睡得很沉,因为走了那么长的路程后我们累坏了。句子前半部分为让步状语从句,A项、B项、C项都可表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句,但此句用了倒装,表语hot 提前,只有as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序, although与while 不能用倒装,所以B项符合题意。
三、被动语态
【教材原句】
【基本用法】
1. 被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语中也可以用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。
2.
【例句】
The book has been translated into many languages.
这本书已经译成了许多语言。
The machine parts may be needed in our work.
这些机器零件在我们工作中可能被用到。
【考题链接】把下列句子变成被动语态
1. He plants flowers every year. →
2. I wrote a letter yesterday. →
3. We must obey the school rules. →
4. I won’t believe his story. →
5. They have planted a lot of trees since 1990. →
6. A friend is playing the piano. →
7. I was mending the bike when Tom came in. →
答案：
1.Flowers are planted by him every year.
2. A letter was written by me yesterday.
3. The school rules must be obeyed by us.
4. His story won’t be believed by me.
5. A lot of trees have been planted by them since 1990.
6. The piano is being played by a friend.
7. The bike was being mended by me when T om came in.
【特别提醒】
1.当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report 等时，被动语态有两种形式：A. 谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。
B. 用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。
【例句】
People know paper was made in China first.
=It is known that paper was made in China first.
=Paper was known to be made in China first.
人们知道纸张是中国先发明的。
类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …【考题链接】句型转换
1. People suggest that the farmers must grow crops in proper time.
=
2. We advise that people should respect the rules.
=
=
答案：
1. It is suggested that the farmers must grow crops in proper time.
2. It is advised that people should respect the rules.
People are advised to respect the rules.
2. 不能用被动语态的几种情况。
【用法】
①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。
【例句】
The books belong to me.这些书是我的。
The kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋卖的很好。
The cake tastes very good.这个蛋糕尝起来很好吃。
(以上句子都不能变成被动)
【考题链接】
1. He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _________to Peter.
A. is belonged
B. belonged
C. belongs
D. is belonging
答案：C
解题思路：本题考查时态、语态和belong的用法。belong没有被动语态和进行时态，故排除A和D；第二句中this one是句子的主语，he uses是省略that的定语从句，根据he does和he uses可知应用一般现在时态，故选C。
2. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area_________. We must act immediately before there’s none left.
A. have run out
B. are running out
C. have been run out
D. are being run out
答案：B
解题思路：考查时态和语态。run out是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,排除C、D;由
第二句中的before there’s none left可知,run out是将要发生的动作,应用将来时。have run out是现在完成时,表示动作的完成;are running out是进行时,可以表将来,故选B。句意：供应洪灾地区的食物快用完了。我们必须在用完之前立刻采取行动。
即学即练
1. The flowers were so lovely that they_________ in no time.
A. sold
B. had been sold
C. were sold
D. would sell
答案：C
解题思路：考查动词的时态和语态。so...that...引导结果状语从句，与主句的时态一致，并且they和sell之间是被动关系，故答案选C。句意：这些花非常好看，很快就卖光了。
2. —What do you think of store shopping in the future?
—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but_________.
A. will never replace
B. would never replace
C. will never be replaced
D. would never be replaced
答案：C
解题思路：考查时态和语态。根据句子结构，but后应为一般将来时；句中主语it指store shopping，but后应用被动语态，故选择C项。句意：——你认为未来的商场购物会如何？——依我看，商场购物会和家庭购物并存，但是永远不会被代替。
3. Would you please keep silent? The weather report _________ and I want to listen.
A. is broadcast
B. is being broadcast
C. has been broadcast
D. had been broadcast
答案：B
解题思路：考查现在进行时的被动语态。由I want to listen可知天气预报正在被播出，故用现在进行时的被动语态。句意：你能保持安静吗？天气预报正在播报，我想听听。
4. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They _________ for too long.
A. cooked
B. were cooked
C. had cooked
D. had been cooked
答案：D
解题思路：本题考查时态和语态。根据cook和上句中taste动作的比较可知，cook 是先发生的动作，故应该用过去完成时态；并且they和cook之间是被动关系，故用过去完成时态的被动语态。句意：这个菜不好吃。它们被烹煮的时间过长了。
5. The attackers were arrested and didn’t know where they ________.
A. would take
B. are taken
C. were being taken
D. will be taken
答案：C
解题思路：本题考查时态和语态。根据didn’t know 可知，空格处也应该用过去的某种时态，所以B、D不正确；根据句意可知此处用被动语态，故选C。句意为：袭击者被捕了，他们不知道正被带往何处。
状语从句一什么是状语从句 二状语从句位置 三状语从句分类 四特殊句式 五状语从句常见考点 六练一练
一什么是状语从句 状语从句是行使状语功能的从句，因为其作用相当于副词，它可以用来修饰谓语、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连接词或起连接词作用的词组引导。 二状语从句位置 比较灵活，有时可以放于句首，有时可以置于句末。状语从句位于句首时，其后常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。 三状语从句分类
让步状语 though, although, even though, while whether ，whoever/no matter who ，whatever/ n o m atter w hat ，whenever/ no matter Even t hough y ou s ay s o, I d o n ot believe it. 比较状语 than as …as ，the more … the more The m ore I s ee him , t he l ess I l ike h im. 方式状语 as, as if , as though He t old m e e verything a s i f I w ere h is best friend. 四 特殊句式 时间状语中 A:It + b e +时间点+ w hen …… 当某事发生时是什么时候 It was 11:00 PM when he came back last night. B:It i s/has b een +时间段 + s ince …… 自从某事发生后已过了多久时间 It i s /has b een t wo y ears s ince I e ntered t he t he s enior s chool. C:It + be +时间段 + before …… 在某事发生之前需要多久时间 It was 8 years before we finally drove away the Japanese invaders. It m ight b e a l ong t ime b efore C hinese l and o n t he m oon. 让步状语从句 A: as 引导的让步状语从句， 从句的表语、状语必须前置到句首。 Short as he is, he plays basketball very well. Child as he is, he is knowledgeable. （开头 0 冠词的用法） 1 2
状语从句 思维导图 易考易错点总结 语法功能。具体来说主要包括： 1．考查状语从句的连接词。要掌握各个连词的含义及其用法，还 有它们之间的区别。
如：时间状语的连词有while,when，as，assoonas，until，not…until，before,after,since等；条件状语从句的连词有if，unless,incase,onconditionthat,provided(that),supposing,s uppose(that)等；结果状语从句的连词有so…that(如此……以至于),such…that(如此……以至于)等。 …， 3 在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“itis＋形容词” 结构，也可以省略itis。
6．考查状语从句、宾语从句、简单句和并列句的句式结构。 如：when引导时间状语从句意为“当……的时候”，引导宾语从句意为“什么时候”；if引导条件状语从句意为“如果”，引导 宾语从句意为“是否”等。
练习题 1.WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Ifoundmanybeatifulbuildings() 2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.() 3.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.（） 4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.() … ） HehadlearnedalittleChinese____hecametoChina. ____hefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory. Hewasill______Isawhim. Nosoonerhadsheheardthenews____hecried.
2020;2020届高考英语二轮专题复习经典导学案资料（三十） 每日一句 We should always bear in mind that if we are ignorant of our health for promotion, disease will gradually approach us with the help of tiredness. 我们应该牢记：如果我们为了晋升而忽略了我们的健康，疾病便会借助疲劳乘虚而入。 基础词汇强化练习 1. During the war, much of the p_________ of that family was transferred(转移) s____________. 2. He was c_________ to be honest. In fact, the e____________he gave p_________ to be false. 3. In my o___________, we can’t take the toy car a___________. 4. Don't p__________ to have known all. Please raise your questions if any. 5. In the old times, many political leader were not thought h___________ of. 6. Time is like t___________, so we must value it. 7. It's raining, so I can't go to downtown. B____________, it’s cold outside. 8. Look! There's a stone in the middle of the road. We'd better r_____________ it at once or it will be dangerous. 9. No one can be so f__________ to do such a thing, except that he is a fool. 10. Father p__________ to buy me a computer if I do well in the final examination. 1. property, secretly 2. considered, evidence, proved 3. opinion, apart 4. pretend 5. highly 6. treasure 7. Besides 8. remove 9. foolish 10. promised 书面表达经典句式强化记忆
状语从句练习题 1.I had been looking for the book for two days____ I found it at last. a.until b. when c. before d. while 2.He punished his students ____ they did anything wrong. a.however b. whenever c. whatever d. whichever 3.Those passengers will wait here____ the bus arrives. a.until b. because c. though d. as 4.Hardly had we reached home ____ it began to rain. a.before b. than c. as soon as d. when 5.No sooner had we arrived at the cinema___ the film began. a.than b. before c. when d. as soon as 6.You can’t watch TV ____ you’ve finished your homework. a.since b. until c. as d. after 7.We had scarcely left our school____ the rain began. a.before b. than c. while d. when 8.We have never seen her again_____ she went to work in another city. a.when b. as c. since d. while 9.____ the fight stopped, travel across the country has been quite safe. a.Since b. When c. After d. Unless 10.They were just about to leave____ the telephone rang.
语法专项复习（十五）状语从句I 第一部分 I整体感知 状语从句是英语复合句的重要组成部分,其种类繁多 ,结构也较为复杂。纵观历届高考试题，状 语从句也是考查的热点语法项目之一。同学们学习状语从句的重点在于对各种引导状语从句的关 联词的掌握，难点在于意思相近关联词用法的辨析及某些词的特殊用法。 II高考真题 1.(’08 全国 II) A small car is big enough for a family of three ___ you need more space for baggage. A. once B. because C. if D. unless 2. (’09 北京 ) You may use the room as you like_____ you clean it up afterwards. A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if 3.( ’09 湖南 ) _____ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as 4. (’09 陕西 ) My parents don ’t mind what job I do _____ I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 5. (’09 四川 ) Owen wouldn ’t eat anything _____ he cooked it himself. A. until B. since C. unless D. while III考点直击 1. 九种常见的状语从句及其从属连词的选用； 3. 状语从句的省略； 2. 时间、条件等状语从句中时态的正确使用； 4. 状语从句及其他从句的区别。 IV试着翻译翻译下列句子吧！ 1.应当鼓励老人到敬老院居住，这样他们可以享受到专业的照料和一流的设施。 _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 2.如果我们继续无视广州日益增多的垃圾，有可能在不久的将来广州将成为巨大的垃圾场。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3.应该禁止饲养宠物，因为它们可能会传播疾病，有损市容。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4.当每个人充分意识到水资源的短缺，并采取有效措施，我相信我们一定能解决好这个问题。 ________________________________________________________________________ 第二部分 精品文档（一）时间状语从句 一、常引导时间状语从句的词有： 1.___________________________________________________________________ 2.“一?就”： _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Eg.①We sent the injured to the First-aid Centre_____ the accident happened. A. shortly B. hurriedly C. quickly D. immediately ②No sooner ____ he ____ to bed ____ the doorbell rang. A. did; go; when B. had; gone; than C. did; go; than D. had; gone; when ③--- Have you told Professor Smith the news? ---Yes. I told him___ I saw him the other day. A. while B. the minute C. until D. suddenly ④The new secretary is supposed to report the manager as soon as he____. A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving 二、时间状语从句的要点& 难点 1. when , while , as 1）when ① _______ I got to the station, the train(已经走了 ) ②_______ I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. ③ We were having a meeting ________ someone broke in. ④ 我们正准备出发，突然下起大雨来。 _________________________________________________________________ ⑤It was foolish ___ you to take a taxi _______ you could easily walk there in 5 minutes. 小结： when 的用法：① ② ③ 2）while ①Don’ttalk so loud ________ others are working. ② He likes pop music_______ I(喜欢古典音乐) ③________ the grandparents love the children, they are________ _______ them (严格要求 ) 小结： while 的用法：① ② ③
专题十一状语从句 状语从句在高考试题中由于其他从句的干扰，以及倒装句，强调句的介入，使得状语从句更为复杂。状语从句是一种副词性从句，通常由一个从属连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 常见的连词(组)： when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, as soon as, now that, hardly ...when, scarcely ...when, no sooner ...than等。 可以引导时间状语从句的副（介）词（短语）或名词短语： directly, instantly, immediately, by the time, the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the last time等。 注意点如下： (1) when, while, as引导的时间状语从句 as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。when(at or during the time)既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可以表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。while强调一段时间，仅表示从句和主句的动作同时发生，并且有延续意义，该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词，从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态；当when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。 She came up as I was cooking.(同时) 在我做饭时，她走了过来。 When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内) 当我们在学校时，每天都去图书馆。 While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the coming examination. 他们在看电视，而我在为即将到来的考试做准备。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。( 不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁……”) (2) before引导状语从句时的常见重点句型 ①It will (not) be ...before ... 还要……才，要不了多久就…… It was (not) ...before ... 过了……才(没多久就……) It was a long time before I got to sleep. 过了好长时间我才睡着了。 It wasn t long before he told me about the news. 没多久他就告诉了我那条新闻。 ②不等……就……；在……之前就…… The telephone rang off before I could answer it. 我还没来得及接电话，电话就挂断了。 ③刚……就…… He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring. 他刚进屋电话铃就响了。
高中英语状语从句讲解汇总 原因从句 除了下面A2，A3中所示各种类型外，这两种从句均可由as或because来引导。但是用as引导原因从句较为稳妥（参见A）；用because引导结果／原因从句较为稳妥（参见B）。 A 原因从句 1 由as／because／since 引导的原因从句： We camped there as／because／since it was too dark to go on． 我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑，不能再继续往前走了。 As／Because／Since it was too dark to go on，we camped there． [ 因为天太黑不能再继续往前走，我们就在那儿露宿了。 2 in view of the fact that可用as／since／seeing that来表示，但不能用because： As／Since／Seeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand． 既然你在这儿，你就帮我个忙吧。 As／Since／Seeing that Tom knows French，he’d better do the talking． 既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。 3 在as／since／seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时，可用if来代替： ~ As／Since／Seeing that／If you don’t like Bill，why did you invite him 既然／如果你不喜欢比尔，你为什么邀请了他 注意：if so的用法： —I hope Bill won’t come． —If so（＝If you hope he won’t come），why did you invite him —我希望比尔别来。 —如果这样（=如果你希望他不来），你为什么邀请了他 关于if＋so／not，参见第347节。 ~ B 结果从句由because或as引导： The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit． 保险丝烧断了，因为我们使线路超载了。 He was angry because we were late． 他生气是因为我们来晚了。 As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day． 因为那天晚上冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。 ~ As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards． 因为这汤很咸，后来我们渴得厉害。
思维导图 易考易错点总结 状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状 语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句。 对状语从句的考查主要集中在连接词上， 尤其要重 视as, until, before, since, when, in case 等连词的各种语义功能和语法功能。具体来说主要包 括： 1考查状语从句的连接词。要掌握各个连词的含义及其用法，还有它们之间的区别。 如: 时间状语的连词有 while, when , as , as soon as until , not …until , before, after, since 等；条件状语从句的连词有 if , uni ess, in case, on con diti on that, provided (that), suppos ing, suppose (that)等；结果状语从句的连词有 so …that(如此 .... 以至于),such …that(如此 ...... 以 至于)等。 2 ?考查固定搭配和习惯用法的连接词。 女口： no soon er …tha n …，hardly …whe n …，scarcely …before …，the mome nt/minute , directly 。 3. 考查不同性质的连词在不同的语境中所表达的不同意义。 女口： as 既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句； where 能引导 地点状语从句和定语从句等。 4. 考查状语从句的时态。 主要考查在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来及用一般过去时代替过去 将来时的用法。 5. 考查状语从句的省略。 状语从句
被动语态、条件状语从句和让步状语从句 李仕才 课程目标 一、学习目标 1. 条件状语从句及其连词的用法。 2. 让步状语从句及其连词的用法。 3. 被动语态。 二、重点、难点 重点：条件状语从句、让步状语从句及被动语态。 难点：让步状语从句和名词性从句的区别。 三、考情分析 这三种语法是高考考查的重点语法，历年考题中占有重要的地位，一般能在单选中占3-4分；在完形填空中也能占2-3分；我们复习时要特别注意这几种语法及其做题技巧，认真研究近几年的高考题。 知识梳理 一、条件状语从句 【教材原句】 If you say the word “communication”, most people think of words and sentences. 如果你说单词“交流”，大部分人会想到单词和句式。 If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon. 如果我们的右手忙着问候别人，它就不可能握有武器。 考点1引导条件状语从句的从属连词 【用法】 连接词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, provided, suppose, supposing 等。 【例句】 You can leave now if you like. 如果你愿意现在就可以走了。 As long as it doesn’t rain we can go.
只要不下雨，我们就可以去。 In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记，请提醒我一下。 I will come on condition (that) she is invited too. 如果邀请她来, 那我就来。 He may go with us provided [providing] he arrives in time. 他若及时到达，就可以和我们一起走。 【考题链接】 they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. A. As B. While C. Until D. Once 答案：D 解题思路：句意：一旦他们决定去哪个大学，学生就应该搜索入学手续。once 一旦，根据句意选择D。 考点2条件状语从句的时态 【用法】 当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，条件状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。 【例句】 Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果你不是太累的话，让我们出去散步。 I’ll stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨，我就呆在家里。 【考题链接】 We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours _______ well. A. is working B. works C. will be working D. worked 答案：B 解题思路：句意：如果你的那个新经济计划效果不好的话，我们今年会失去很多钱。在条件状语从句中，如果主句用一般将来时态，那么从句用一般现在时态表示将来意义。 考点3if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种 【用法】 真实条件句表示现实情况中可能实现的情况。非真实条件句也叫虚拟条件句，表示与现实情况相反的假设情况。 【例句】
t 状语从句讲解和练习 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当 。例如： 1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词) 2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语) 3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式) 4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词) 5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、 结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解 和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1．时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , dire ctly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2．地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 3．原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, since 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable. 4．目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 5．结果状语从句 常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that, 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it. To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
1 高二英语YY-16-020 《状语从句》导学案 编写人：田春丽 审核人：田振玉 编写时间：2016年12月 班级： 组别： 姓名： 等级： 【学习目标】 1.状语从句的识别 2. 状语从句的分类； 3. 状语从句的引导词； 4.状语从句的用法； 【教学重难点】 ①状语从句的引导词； ②状语从句的用法； 【导学环节设计】 Step 1识别状语从句, 区分when, if, where 引导的宾语从句和状语从句。 【前置学习任务】【小组合作】 1.Tell me when the pain started. 2.When he comes back, I’ll tell you . 3.If you work hard, you’ll succeed. 4. My mother asked me if\whether I was hungry. 5. He didn ’t come to school because he was ill. 6.He is so poor that he can ’t buy a bike for his son. 7. Tom runs faster than John does. 8. We started early in order that we could catch the first train. 9. Though he is young, he knows a lot. 10. Where there is a will, there is a way. 11. I don ’t know where he lives. 12. You must do the exercise as I show you. 【合作学习任务】 观察前面的11个句子，总结填空。 以上_________________________句子考查的是状语从句。它在句中用作_________(主语/宾语/谓语/定语/状语)。可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子。通常状语从句分为9大类，它们是时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句。 （_________句子考查的是_________从句。它在句中用作_________。 Step 2 状语从句的分类和引导词 一、时间状语从句。 1. 引导词 时间状语从句常用when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, till, until, not … until, since, no sooner … than, hardly … when 等词来引导。例： When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. We were listening to the radio while he was reading newspaper. As time goes by, it ’s getting warmer and warmer. He started as soon as he received the news. 课题：Unit 7-8 Grammar 授课时间： 课时：第 课时
典型例句突破状语从句 前言：学习状语从句的几个关键点1）引导状语从句的连词及意思2）状语从句与主句的时态照应3）有关状语从句的重点句型。4）状语从句的省略 一．各种状语从句的典型例句 1．条件状语从句： 1）Let'sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.(除非,若不；相当于if—not) 即：Ifyouaretootired,we’llnotgooutforawalk. 2）Youmayborrowmybookaslongasyoukeepitclean.(只要，表示条件的唯一性) 3）Takeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.（以防—，以免—） 4） 5） 6）假如, 7） 2. 1） 2） 动词， 3） 4） 5） 6） 7） 8） 9） 动词) 10） ，etc.) 14)AssoonasIreachCanada,Iwillringyouup.(一—-就—) 15)Hehadnosoonerarrivedhomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.(一—-就—,另外有hardly/scarcely—-when—) 16)Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.(“到—时为止”，从句是一般过去时，主句是过去完成时。) 17)Bythetimeyoucomeheretomorrow,Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.(“到—时为止”，从句是一般现在时，主句是将来完成时。) 18)EachtimehecametoHarbin,hewouldcallonme.(“每当—的时候”或“每次”，复习eachtime,everytime和whenever) 3．有关时间状语从句的重点句型
选修七Module 2 Highlights of My Senior Year学案 一．起点分析：This module is closely related to students life, and the content will arouse students attention to read more, because they may like to know more about the senior year. But in this module there are to many new words , which may be difficult for students in understanding. 二．教学目标： 1. 知识目标：体会和实践表达意见和想法时的语调； 词汇: settle, elect, suit, rent, attract, consider, develop, upset, ability, activity, tradition, luggage, concept, fortnight, course, keen, innocent, worn, etc. 句型：find +宾语+宾补 whenever等词的用法 It’s a pity that… be likely to do sth. 语法：表语从句和主语从句 2. 技能目标：listening for the main ideas; Talking about American high school life; Reading for main ideas; Writing an article about senior high school life. 3. 情感目标: 通过对比不同的校园文化生活，增强大家对校园生活的热爱，掌握谈论学校生活的技巧。 三．重点难点：名词性从句中的表语从句和主语从句，以及一些使用词的把握。 四．学习策略： 1. 通过一定的阅读练习，运用恰当的阅读策略，提高逻辑思维能力和对比策略，加强对思维方向的自我控制 2. 运用表达思想的表达法进行对话，并且有意识地运用本模块的各种结构。 3. 通过其他资源进一步了解各国中学生的生活，并能运用所学知识写作。 课前导学： 1.That weekend in Venice was definitely the h_______________ of our trip. 2.The lovers promised to be faithful f_______________. 3.She called in the m_______________ to settle the dispute. 4.It?s getting very c______________ in the car industry. 5.She stood alone on the e________________ stage. 6.They e_______________ him chairman. 短语:回顾，回忆______________________ 玩的开心__________________________ It?s a great pity that…___________________ be pleased about _________________________ It?s clear that … _______________________ take a long vacation ________________________ 词汇知识： 1.settle (v.) 解决; 使平静；定居。(n.) _____________________ 解决；处理；协议settle into/in sth. 安顿下来，习惯于settle oneself 舒服地坐下来settle on/over sth. 栖息在……settle a quarrel/an argument 解决争端 settle down 定居；使安静下来It is settled…现在决定…… reach/achieve a settlement 达成协议 注：settle做不及物动词时，意为“定居，栖息”，常与on/in连用；做及物动词时，意为“解决；决定；安排”。 翻译：他们决定定居美国。______________________________________________________ 我在去上海之前一定要把事情处理妥当。_____________________________________ before leaving for Shanghai. 鸟栖息于树枝（branch）上。_____________________________________________________ ●Knowing how long the test will last, the students who finished _________ back and waited until the end of the exam. A. settle B. settled C. settling D. to settle 2. elect (v.)选举，推选election (n.) 选举 elect sb to sth. 选举某人进入…… elect sb (as) sth某人当选某个职位，通常只为钱不加任何冠词 elect to do sth 选择做某事 ●Three yeas later, Tom was elected __________ monitor of our class. A. a B. the C. / D. an 3. suit (v.) 合适，适合；(n.) 一套衣服(adj.) suitable合适的，适宜的 suit sb. (fine) 很和某人的意 well/best/ideally suited 非常适合（做某事） suit yourself 随你的便 区别：fit 指形状、大小适合 match 指大小、色调、形状等的搭配，尤指在品质、颜色、设计等方面相当或搭配。 suit 多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。 ●The old shirt doesn?t ___________ me any longer. ●Choose a computer to ________ your particular needs. ●Her shoes _________ her dress; they look very well together A. suit B. fit C. compare D. match 4. look back at(on/to) ___________________ e.g. I like to look back on my high school days, which were the happiest in my life. ●Generally speaking, students ________ the teachers, who are knowledgeable and patient. A. look up to B. look up C. look into D. look though 5. It’s a great pity that…很可惜…… It?s a pity that Jane and George can?t make it to the party. a pity to do sth. 很可惜…… What a pity! 真遗憾！ take pity on 怜悯，同情= have pity on sb. ●--We?re organizing a party next Saturday, and I?d like you to come. --___________! I have another one that day. Thank you just the same. A. Good luck B. What a pity C. Never do it again D. Well done