精讲7、冠词
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高三英语语法知识:名词、代词和冠词知识精讲1. 名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
名词在句子中可以作主语,宾语,表语,宾语补足语,定语,名数词连用可以做状语。
在使用名词时,要注意区分可数名词和不可数名词,以便于正确使用表示不确定数量的定语。
如:a lot of / plenty of / some 可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
而:many, a few, few several, scores of, large quantities of, dozens of, a couple of 等只能用在可数名词之前,much, a great deal of, a little, little, a great amount of 等只能用在不可数名词之前。
2. 冠词:冠词是一种虚词,放在名词前面,帮助说明名词的意义。
冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。
a (an)是不定冠词,an用在元音发音开始的词语前。
如:an hour, an English book。
the 是定冠词。
1)不定冠词:不定冠词a (an)只能用在单数可数名词前。
关于它的用法,用四个字概括,“每、一、类、某”。
①表示“每日”、“每周”……Please take this medicine three times a day.②表示某一种人或物中的一个。
All of us know that he is a teacher, not a student.③表示某一类人或物。
It is an easy task for an elephant.④表示“某一个”,但仍译为“一个”、“有个”。
One day, a Frenchman went to Berlin on business.2)定冠词的用法:①特指某人或某物,指说话人与听话人都知道的人或物。
Look at the picture. Is there a man in the picture?②复指前面已提到的人或物。
英语语法精讲:名词、冠词、形容词、句⼦成分。
⼀、名词表⽰某⼀事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。
分为可数名词和不可数名词。
强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是⽤is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lotof等词去作判断,以免受误导。
1、可数名词如何变―复数形式‖:a.⼀般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读⾳:清辅⾳后读[s],浊辅⾳和元⾳后读[z]。
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读⾳:[iz]。
c.以―辅⾳字母+y‖结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读⾳:[z]。
d.以―f或fe‖结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读⾳:[z]。
e.以―o‖结尾的词,分两种情况1)有⽣命的+es 读⾳:[z] 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) ⽆⽣命的+s 读⾳:[z] 如:photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese2、不可数名词没有复数。
如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上―量词+of‖。
专题7 语篇型填空【考情分析】“语篇型语法填空”符合新课标倡导的语言学习理念,这一题型主要在语篇层面上考查学生的语言知识,符合语言真实性的要求,让学生在更加真实的语境中应用自己学到的语言知识。
【考点梳理】一、有提示词试题的解题技巧考点一:动词——谓语动词例:Our hosts shared many of their experiences and(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit. (2019年全国Ш卷)Key:recommended.Skill 1:若句中没有谓语v.,或者虽已有谓语v.,但需填的v.与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语v.;若是谓语v.,考虑时态语态及主谓一致。
考点二:动词——非谓语动词例:We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call______(say)she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke.(2019全国Ⅱ卷)Key:saying.Skill 2:若句中已有谓语v.,又不是并列谓语v.时,所给v.就是非谓语v.。
若是非谓语v.则确定用-ing形式、-ed 形式,还是用to do. 确定非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。
Attention:有时给出的v.既不是谓语v.也不是非谓语v.,而是要求词性转换。
考点三:词类、形、义转换题例1:When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting___________(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it. (2019年全国Ш卷)Key:competition.Skill 3:所填单词作S.或O.或者在article,prep.,adj.,形容词性物主pron.或名词所有格后,考虑填n.,注意单复数形式。
初二英语数词、冠词外研社(初中起点)【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容:数词、冠词[教学内容]一. 基数词(一)基数词1~12是独立的单词。
例:one/ two/ three/ four/ five/ six/ seven/ eight/ nine/ ten/ eleven/ twelve(二)13~19基本上是在3~9后加-teen构成。
但13,15,18有点特殊。
例:thirteen/ fourteen/ fifteen/ sixteen/ seventeen/ eighteen/ nineteen(三)20~90的整十位数是在3~9后加-ty构成,但20,30,40,50有点特殊。
例:twenty/ thirty/ forty/ fifty/ sixty/ seventy/ eighty/ ninety(四)“几十几”是由十位数词加连字符“-”加个位数合成。
例:twenty-one/twenty-two(五)英语中无“万”的单位,但有“百”、“千”、“百万”。
表达方式如下:One hundred 一百one thousand 一千ten thousand 一万One hundred thousand 十万one million 一百万ten million 一千万(六)三位数数词要在百位和十位之间加and.例:365 three hundred and sixty-five(七)1000以上的数字要先把数字分段,从后向前数每三位数空1/4格,倒数第一个空格前的数位为千(thousand),第二个空格前的数位为百万(million)。
例:47 635 848 forty-seven million six hundred and thirty-five thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.二. 序数词(一)序数词除了first, second, third有各自的形式外,其余的都是基数词上加-th构成,但以-y结尾的基数词要变y为ie再加th,以-ve结尾的要变ve为f再加th。
冠词art.一.分类定冠词the 不定冠词a/an 零冠词二.不定冠词a/an㈠用法①an+以元音音素开头的单数可数名词;a+以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词元音字母:a,e,i,o,uⅠ以元音字母开头,读作辅音的单词A European/unit /university/uniform/useful.../useless.../usual task/united form/one-way street...Ⅱ以辅音字母开头,读作元音的单词An hour/honor/honest boy...②用在可数名词单数前,表示“一.../某一/同一/每一”There is a tiger in the zoo.动物园有一只老虎A gentle man wants to see you.有一位先生要见你They are nearly of an age.他们几乎同岁We go shopping once a week.我们每周购物一次③表示一类人/东西A tiger can be dangerous.老虎是危险的④“a/an+序数词”表示“又一、再一”They want a third child.他们还想再要一个小孩⑤what(感叹句)/such/many/half...+a/an+(adj.)+单数名词Many a man is fit for the job.不止一个人适合这个工作I have never seen such a strange animal.⑥当名词前的形容词前有so/as/too/how(感叹句)/however/enough...修饰时,a/an置于形容词后So tall a man/too long a distance/how cute a girl=what a cute girl⑦quite/rather与名词单数连用,a/an置于其后Quite a good doctor/quite a lot⑧在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,当表语为形容词修饰的名词时,a/an置于adj.后Brave a man as/though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes.㈡固定搭配Havehave a bath/break/cough/cold/drink/fever/holiday/ look(at)/pain/rest/shower/swim/try/(nice)trip/;have a word/talk with sb.与某人交谈(have words with sb.与...争吵);have a good/happy time玩的开心;have a population of有...人口;have a gift for对...有天赋Inin a/one word总而言之;in a sense 在某种意义上in a moment 立刻;once in a while 时不时,偶尔;in a hurry 急匆匆地;in a way某种程度上Asas a result结果;as a rule 通常,照例;as a result 因此;as a matter of fact 事实上;as a whole大体上MakeMake an apology道歉;Make a choice;make a decision;make an effort 努力;make a face做鬼脸;make a fire生火;make a fool of愚弄;make a living 谋生;make a mistake犯错;make a plan;make a suggestion其他A waste of浪费;a matter of大约、左右;after a while 一会儿后;all ofa sudden 突然;at a blow 一下子;at a loss不知所措;at a distance保持一定距离;Come to an agreement;come to an end结束;come to a conclusion得出结论;Do a good deed做好事;do sb. A favor;for a while/time暂时;Get a lift/ride搭车;give a lesson授课;give a smile/laugh/shout;give sb.a hand;go on a diet节食;keep an eye for...对...有鉴赏力;keep an eye on照看,关注;lend a hand;lead/live a happy life;once upon a time 从前;put an end to使...结束;Pay a visit拜访;Take a bath;take a rest/break休息下;take a seat入座;take a walk散步;turn a deaf ear to充耳不闻;turn a blind eye to视而不见注意:通常成对出现的名词(被视为一套或一体),一般只用一个不定冠词。
高二英语冠词用法【本讲主要内容】冠词用法【知识总结归纳】(一)冠词分为不定冠词(a / an )和定冠词(the),冠词用在名词前面。
句子中根据名词的语义来确定冠词的使用。
在某些情况下,有些名词前只能用定冠词the,有些名词前不加任何冠词。
(二)不定冠词的用法:不定冠词a / an 用在单数可数名词前面,意思是“一个”。
当名词的第一个音节发音为元音时,用an。
1. 第一次提到某个人或事物时,起介绍作用,或表示泛指。
Christmas is actually a family festival.Harry has been admitted to a western university.Phil can’t go to the movies tonight because he has to write an essay.2. 表示某一类人或物,用于类指。
The whale is a mammal, not a fish.Birds of a feather flock together.Two of a trade can never agree.3. 表示事物的单位,意思是:“每”He often drives at eighty miles an hour.The temperature’s rising by about three degrees an hour.Those shoes cost only four dollars a pair.4. 用在某些抽象名词前面,使这个抽象名词具体化,指:具体的人或一件事。
The little girl is a joy to her parents.She got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor.He has a good knowledge of mathematics.Let’s be a warning to you.5. 用在某些物质名词前面,使其成为具体的“一种”,“一顿”,“一阵”,“一份”等。
【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容:②the + 单数名词③零冠词+复数名词→ The car goes faster than the bike.A car goes faster than a bike.汽车比自行车跑得快。
Dogs are faithful animals.狗是忠实的动物。
细微区别:(1)the + 单数名词,指的是整个类别,这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。
如:The dog is a faithful animal.狗是忠实的动物。
(2)a \ an + 单数名词,侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。
如:A car goes faster than a bike.注:在类指时如何使用冠词要根据所表达内容的具体情况而定。
如:The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.→ After graduation from college, he turned teacher(became a teacher).大学毕业后,他成了一名教师。
②记住一些常见的纯不可数名词,永远不能与不定冠词连用。
如:weather, fun, space(太空), advice, news(word), progress, information. 2.定冠词the的惯用法:①→ The Greens are at table. 格林一家正在吃饭。
(用在姓氏复数前,表示一家人)②→ in the 1870‟s , the Tang dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period(在年代,朝代,时代名词前用the)③→ take sb. by the arm:抓某人的胳膊hit sb. in the face:打某人的脸(在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中的the不可用人称代词代替)④→ The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳运转。
(内部资料) 2018.1目录第一讲名词第二讲冠词第三讲代词第四讲数词第五讲介词第六讲形容词和副词第七讲连词第八讲情态动词第九讲非谓语动词第十讲时态第十一讲被动语态第十二讲祈使句、倒装句、反意疑问句和感叹句第十三讲宾语从句第十四讲定语从句第十五讲状语从句第十六讲主谓一致第十七讲情景交际第十八讲词义辨析附录I 重点短语概述一、概述语法是研究词形变化和句子结构的科学,研究词形变化的部分成为词法(名词的数、格,动词的时态、语态),研究句子结构的部分称为句法(句子成分、语序,句子种类)。
二、英语词类词类英语作用在句中成分例词1名词n.表示人或物的名称主、宾、表、定、同位mother, son 2形容词adj.表示人或物的特征定、表、补、状big, small 3数词num.表示数目或顺序主、宾、nine, first 4代词pron.代替名词,数词主语宾语定语he, him, his 5动词v.表示动作或状态谓come, write 6副词adv.表示动作特征或性状特征状、表very, slowly 7冠词art.用在名词前说明其意义不做成分a, an, the8介词prep.用在名代前说明它与别的词之间的关系不做成分for, from, to 9连词conj.用来连接词与词或句与句不做成分and, but, if 10感叹词interj.表示说话时的感情或口气不做成分oh, ow三、句子成分句子中有两个最重要最基本的成分,主语和谓语。
除了主语和谓语,句子有时还有其他成分,宾语、定语、状语、表语等。
主语:一般位于句首,说明所要讲述的对象或主体,表示要说的“谁”或“什么”,一般由名词、代词或名词性的词类、短语或从句充当。
We often practise speaking English after class.Your father’s car is new.Watching English films is a good way to learn English.谓语:位于主语之后,说明主语的情况(动作或状态)---“做什么”“是什么”“怎么样”。
冠词
1.—Let’s play ______ soccer.
—I don’t have ______ soccer ball.
A. 不填;a
B. the; a
C. a; the
D. 不填;the
2—How do you like _____color of my dress?
—Wonderful! I like it very much.
A. a
B. an
C. the D./
3.—Look! Who’s boy over there?
—Oh, he is my cousin Bob. He is honest boy.
A. a, the
B. the, an.
C. the, a
4. man in a black hat is my PE teacher. He often plays football with us.
A. A; the
B. The; a
C. The; /
D. A; /
5. He has bought MP5. MP5 cost him 200 yuan.
A. a, The
B. an, An
C. an, The
6. The third Sunday of June is Father’s day. It’s special day for children to show their love to their father.
A. a; the
B. the; a
C. /;a
7. Don't give him too much homework. He is just eleven-year-old boy.
A. a
B. an
C. the
8.—who’s ______old man talking with your father?
—He’s my uncle .
A. a
B. an
C. the
9. 一Tony, what's ________ matter with you?
一I have ________ toothache.
A. a; the
B. the; a
C. /; the
D. the; /
10. —What can I do for you?
—I want ipad for my daughter. She needs .
A. an, one
B. a, one
C. an, it
11. English is useful language. We should learn it well.
A. a
B. an
C. the
12.—Have you got ipad.
—Sure. Here are some of .
A. an; it; one
B. an,; one; it
C. a; one; it
13. My teacher told me that I forgot________“h" in the word“weight".
A. /
B. a
C. an
1。