医学英语翻译与写作MedicalEnglishTranslationandwriting[001]
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医学写作翻译英语作文模板英文回答:Medical Writing Translation。
Medical writing translation involves converting medical texts from one language to another, ensuring accuracy, clarity, and adherence to regulatory standards. It requires a deep understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as a comprehensive knowledge of medical terminology and concepts.Challenges of Medical Writing Translation。
Technical terminology: Medical texts contain highly specialized terminology that can be challenging totranslate accurately.Cultural and linguistic differences: Medical practices and terminology can vary significantly across cultures,requiring careful consideration of cultural nuances and language differences.Compliance with regulations: Medical translations must adhere to specific regulatory requirements, such as those set by the FDA or EMA, to ensure accuracy and safety.Audience-specific language: Medical texts can be written for different audiences, such as patients, healthcare providers, or regulatory bodies. Translators must tailor their language to the specific audience.Types of Medical Writing Translation。
万能医学英语作文模板及翻译英文回答:Universal Medical English Composition Template。
Introduction。
Begin with a hook to capture the reader's attention. Provide background information on the topic.State the purpose of the composition.Body Paragraphs。
Organize your content into logical paragraphs.Each paragraph should focus on one main idea.Support your claims with evidence from research, casestudies, or personal experience.Use clear and concise language.Transition smoothly between paragraphs.Conclusion。
Summarize the main points of the composition.Reiterate the purpose of the writing.End with a strong closing statement.Example Outline。
Introduction。
Hook: Imagine a world where medical professionals from every corner of the globe could communicate seamlessly, sharing knowledge and advancements without language barriers.Background: The importance of effective communicationin healthcare.Purpose: To propose a universal medical English composition template as a solution to language barriers in medicine.Body Paragraph 1: Benefits of a Universal Template。
医学英语作文及翻译英文回答:IntroductionIn the realm of healthcare, language plays a pivotal role, transcending the boundaries of nations and cultures. Medical English, a specialized form of English tailored specifically for the medical profession, has emerged as an indispensable tool for effective communication and knowledge dissemination within the global healthcare community. As healthcare professionals navigate the complexities of patient care and medical research, a mastery of Medical English is paramount to ensuring seamless collaboration, accurate diagnosis, and optimal patient outcomes.History and Evolution of Medical EnglishThe genesis of Medical English can be traced back to the early days of medical practice when Latin was the linguafranca of medicine. However, with the advent of scientific advancements and the proliferation of medical knowledge, Latin gradually gave way to English as the preferred language of medical discourse. Over time, Medical English evolved into a distinct dialect, incorporating specialized terminology, jargon, and abbreviations specific to the medical field.Importance of Medical EnglishThe significance of Medical English cannot be overstated. It facilitates communication among healthcare professionals from diverse linguistic backgrounds, fostering effective collaboration and knowledge exchange. Medical records, research papers, and patient education materials written in Medical English ensure clarity and accuracy in the dissemination of medical information. Moreover, a solid foundation in Medical English is essential for healthcare professionals to stay abreast of the latest medical advancements and guidelines.Challenges of Medical EnglishDespite its importance, Medical English presents certain challenges to learners. The specialized vocabulary, complex sentence structures, and abundance of acronyms can be daunting for non-native speakers. Additionally, cultural nuances and variations in medical terminology across different countries can further complicate communication. To overcome these challenges, dedicated study, immersion in medical settings, and continuous practice are crucial.ConclusionMedical English serves as the bedrock of global healthcare communication, enabling the sharing of medical knowledge and the provision of optimal patient care. As healthcare professionals strive to provide the highest quality of care to their patients, a mastery of Medical English is an indispensable asset. By embracing the challenges and dedicating themselves to continuous learning, healthcare professionals can unlock the full potential of Medical English and contribute to the advancement of global healthcare.中文回答:引言在医疗保健领域,语言发挥着至关重要的作用,超越了国家和文化的界限。
医学常用治疗方法英文翻译Medical Common Treatment Methods - English TranslationIntroduction:In the field of medicine, there are various treatment methods that physicians utilize to address different health conditions. This article aims to provide an English translation of commonly used medical treatment methods.1. Medication Therapy:Medication therapy involves the use of drugs to treat or manage various medical conditions. This approach typically requires a thorough understanding of the specific medication, its dosage, and possible side effects. Medications can be administered orally, topically, or intravenously.2. Surgical Intervention:Surgical intervention refers to the use of operative procedures to treat a specific medical condition. Surgeons perform surgeries to remove tumors, repair injuries, transplant organs, or correct anatomical abnormalities. These procedures are often carried out in a sterile operating room environment.3. Physical Therapy:Physical therapy utilizes special exercises, heat, cold, massage, and other techniques to treat injuries or improve physical function. It aims to restore mobility, alleviate pain, and enhance overall well-being. Physical therapists work closely with patients to create tailored treatment plans.4. Psychotherapy:Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is a treatment method that involves the use of psychological techniques to address mental health issues. This approach helps individuals understand their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, enabling them to develop healthier coping mechanisms and improve their mental well-being.5. Radiation Therapy:Radiation therapy is commonly used for the treatment of cancer. It involves the use of high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells. This treatment can be delivered externally using machines or internally through radioactive implants, depending on the specific condition being addressed.6. Rehabilitation:Rehabilitation is a comprehensive approach to helping individuals recover from injuries, surgeries, or other medical conditions. It typically involves a multidisciplinary team, including physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists, who work together to maximize the patient's functional abilities and improve their quality of life.7. Alternative Medicine:Alternative medicine refers to treatment methods that fall outside the traditional realm of Western medicine. Examples include acupuncture, herbal medicine, chiropractic care, and homeopathy. While the effectiveness of alternative medicine varies, some individuals find these approaches helpful in managing their health conditions.8. Complementary Medicine:Complementary medicine is often used in conjunction with traditional medical treatments to enhance their effectiveness or relieve side effects. Examples include using acupuncture to manage pain during cancer treatment or incorporating yoga and meditation to reduce stress and anxiety.Conclusion:Understanding different medical treatment methods is essential for both healthcare professionals and individuals seeking medical care. This English translation provides an overview of commonly used treatment approaches, emphasizing the importance of individualized care and a multidisciplinary approach to promoting wellness and addressing health concerns.。
医学常用医学检查中英文翻译Medical Translation of Common Medical Examinations between Chinese and EnglishIntroduction:In the field of medicine, accurate and effective communication is crucial, especially when it comes to medical examinations. With the increasing globalization of healthcare, there is a growing demand for accurate translation of medical examination terms between Chinese and English. This article aims to provide a comprehensive translation guide for common medical examinations used in clinical practice.1. Blood Tests1.1 Complete Blood Count (CBC)- 中文翻译:全血细胞计数(CBC)- 血球计数包括:红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度、红细胞压积、白细胞计数及不同类型的白细胞计数- 英文翻译:Red Blood Cell Count, Hemoglobin Concentration, Hematocrit, White Blood Cell Count, and Differential White Blood Cell Count1.2 Blood Sugar Test- 中文翻译:血糖测定- 用于检测血液中的葡萄糖水平- 英文翻译:Blood Glucose Test2. Imaging Examinations2.1 X-ray- 中文翻译:X射线- 一种无创、低辐射的医学影像技术,可用于检查骨骼、器官和组织的异常情况- 英文翻译:X-ray2.2 Computed Tomography (CT) Scan- 中文翻译:计算机体层摄影扫描(CT扫描)- 一种通过多个X射线图像来重建人体切片扫描,用于检查内部结构- 英文翻译:Computed Tomography Scan or CT Scan2.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)- 中文翻译:磁共振成像- 通过利用磁场和无线电波来创建详细的内部器官和组织图像- 英文翻译:Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI3. Laboratory Tests3.1 Urine Analysis- 中文翻译:尿液分析- 通过检测尿液中的生化指标和微量物质,用于评估肾功能和其他疾病- 英文翻译:Urine Analysis3.2 Stool Culture- 中文翻译:粪便培养- 用于检测粪便中是否存在病原微生物,特别是细菌感染- 英文翻译:Stool Culture4. Functional Tests4.1 Electrocardiogram (ECG)- 中文翻译:心电图检查- 通过检测心脏的电活动来评估心脏功能和诊断心脏病- 英文翻译:Electrocardiogram or ECG4.2 Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)- 中文翻译:肺功能检查- 通过测量肺活量和气流速度来评估肺功能和检测呼吸问题- 英文翻译:Pulmonary Function Test or PFTConclusion:Accurate translation of medical examination terms is essential in facilitating effective communication between Chinese and English-speaking medical professionals. This article has provided a comprehensive guide to translating common medical examinations. By ensuring accurate and consistent translation, healthcare providers can enhance patient safety and improve the overall quality of medical care in an increasingly globalized healthcare system.。
医学常用疾病中英文翻译Medical Common Diseases English-Chinese TranslationIntroduction:In the field of medicine, accurate translation is crucial for effective communication between medical professionals across different languages. This article aims to provide translations of commonly used medical diseases from English to Chinese. The translations provided can serve as a helpful reference for medical practitioners, researchers, and students.1. Cardiovascular Diseases:- Hypertension: 高血压(gāo xiě yā)- Coronary artery disease: 冠状动脉疾病(guān zhuàng dòng mài jí bìng) - Myocardial infarction: 心肌梗塞(xīn jī gěng sè)- Arrhythmia: 心律失常(xīn lǜ shī cháng)2. Respiratory Diseases:- Asthma: 哮喘(xiāo chuǎn)- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): 慢性阻塞性肺疾病(màn xìn g zǔ xìng fèi jí bìng)- Pneumonia: 肺炎 (fèi yán)- Tuberculosis: 结核病 (jié hé bìng)3. Gastrointestinal Diseases:- Gastritis: 胃炎 (wèi yán)- Gastroenteritis: 肠胃炎 (cháng wèi yán)- Peptic ulcer: 消化性溃疡(xiāo huà xìng kuì yáng)- Hepatitis: 肝炎(gān yán)4. Neurological Disorders:- Stroke: 中风(zhòng fēng)- Alzheimer's disease: 阿尔茨海默病(ā ěr cí hǎi mò bìng)- Parkinson's disease: 帕金森病(pà jīn sēn bìng)- Epilepsy: 癫痫病(diān xián bìng)5. Endocrine Disorders:- Diabetes: 糖尿病 (táng niào bìng)- Hyperthyroidism: 甲亢(jiǎ kàng)- Hypothyroidism: 甲状腺功能减退症(jiǎ zhuàng xiàn gōng néng jiǎn tuì zhèng)- Cushing's syndrome: 库欣氏综合征(kù xīn shì zòng hé zhēng)6. Infectious Diseases:- Influenza: 流感(liú gǎn)- Tuberculosis: 结核病 (jié hé bìng)- Malaria: 疟疾 (nüè jí)- HIV/AIDS: 艾滋病(ài zī bìng)Conclusion:Accurate translations of medical terms and diseases are essential for effective communication and collaboration in the field of medicine. This article has provided translations of commonly used medical diseases from English to Chinese. It is important to remember that translations may vary depending on cultural and linguistic contexts. Medical professionals should continue to update their knowledge and consult reliable sources for the most accurate and up-to-date translations.。
Chapter 1Passage 1 Human BodyIn this passage you will learn:1. Classification of organ systems2. Structure and function of each organ system3.Associated medical termsTo understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are puttogether and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; thestudy of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc.了解人体各部分的组成及其功能,对于认识人体是必需的。
研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学;研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。
其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。
Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductivesystem and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in thisarticle.解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。
医学英语(下册)课文翻译UNIT 1 疾病的介绍1 人体是一个艺术的杰作。
我们对身体的功能了解越深,就越赏识。
即使在生病时,身体在故障修复和补偿方面表现也相当出色。
身体内不断发生变化,然而,一个叫内环境稳定(稳态)的平稳状态能大抵保持平衡。
机体内环境稳定出现某种重大的紊乱,就能引起各种各样的反应,这些反应常常促使疾病的体征和症状出现。
比如,由于运动员对氧气的需求增加,他们体内的红细胞计数就会异常升高。
这是一个使更多血红蛋白循环的自然补偿机制,但它却是红细胞增多症的一个症状。
2 当一个器官需要做更多工作时,它往往会增大,肥大。
心脏会因为长期的高血压而增大,因为它必须不间断地克服巨大的阻力把血液输送到全身。
当瓣膜存在缺陷时,心肌同样也会肥大,因为那些要么太宽,要么太窄的瓣膜需要额外的抽吸作用。
如果一个肾衰竭了,另一个肾就会增大以满足身体的需要,并弥补那个有缺陷的肾。
当流向这两个肾的血液不足时,它们会通过分泌荷尔蒙(激素)的方式帮助血压升高。
然而,如果某个器官或身体的某个部位没有得到使用,它就会萎缩,或者,也就是说,面积变小或功能下降。
3 血液在维持内环境稳定方面发挥着几个作用。
当组织受到创伤,损伤,或者感染时,血流就会积聚在受损区域。
这是极其重要的,因为血液携带了专门用于清除有害物质和细胞碎片的细胞。
血液中的其他细胞则产生抗体,以抵抗致病生物的入侵。
4 疾病是某个身体部位,生理系统,或整个身体的不健康状态,其中结构或功能发生紊乱。
疾病经常始于细胞水平。
一个异常的基因不管是因遗传所得,还是因环境因素引起突变或变异,都能启动疾病程序。
比如,当基因信息遭到侵袭(常被病毒侵袭),癌症的发生会伴随着细胞的疯长。
新的研究方法使某些疾病能与异常基因的发现联系起来。
疾病可以是一种结构性的异常,比如,先天性心脏缺陷,也可以是没有器质性改变的功能性病变。
疾病可能是一种结构性的异常,比如,先天性心脏缺陷,也可能是没有器质性变化的功能性病变,比如,高血压或外伤。
任务一标题的写作(Title )标题的结构1. 名词+介词Blindness (视觉缺失)after Treatment for Malignant Hypertension2. 名词+分词Unilateral Neurogenic Pruritus Following Stroke中风后单侧神经性瘙痒3. 名词+不定式Suggesti on to Abolish Icterus Index Determination (黄疸指数测定)where Quantitative Bilirubin Assay (胆红素定量)is Available建议能做胆红素定量的化验室不再做黄疸指数测定4. 名词+同位语Gentamicine, a Selelctive Agent for the isolation of Betahemolytic Streptocc oci B溶血性链球菌庆大霉素是分离3-溶血性链球菌的选择性药物5. 名词+从句Evidence that the V-sis Gene Product Transforms by Interaction with the Receptor for Platelet-derived Growth Factor血小板源性生长因子.V-sis基因产物由血小板生成因子受体相互作用而转化的依据_6. 动名词短语Preventing Stroke in patients with Atrial Fibrillation 心房纤维性颤动心旁纤颤患者中风预防Detecting Acute Myocardial Infarction (急性心肌梗死)by Radio-immunoassay for Creative Kinase (酐激酶)用放射免疫法测定酐激酶诊断急性心肌梗死7. 介词短语On Controlling Rectal Cancer8. 陈述句Dietary Cholesterol is Co-carcinogenic 协同致癌因素for Human Colon Cancer9. 疑问句Home or Hospital BirthsIs Treatment of Borderline Hypertension Good or Bad?注意副标题的作用1. 数目:Endoluminal Stent-graft 带支架腔内搭桥for Aortic Aneurysms 动脉瘤:A report of 6 cases带支架腔内搭桥治疗动脉瘤的六例报告2. 重点:Aorto-arteritis 大动脉炎Chest X-ray Appearance and Its Clinical Significance大动脉炎胸部X线表现及临床意义3. 方法:Gallstone Ileus (胆结石梗阻):A Retrospective Study4. 作用:Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Breast-cancer Tissue: A useful prognostic indictor乳腺癌组织中癌胚抗原一一一种有用的预后指示5. 疑问:Unresolved —Do drinkers have less coronary heart disease?6. 连载顺序:Physical and Chemical Studies of Human Blood Serum: II. A study of miscellaneous Disease conditions 人类血清的理论研究:II.多种病例的研究7. 时间: A Collaborative 综合Study of Burn Nursing in China: 1995-1999常见标题句式举例1.讨论型:Discussion of/ on; An approach to; A probe into; Investigation of; Evaluation of / on汉语中的初步体会” 试论” 浅析”之类的谦辞可以不译。
2019年翻译资格考试英语高级笔译材料:医学相关汉译英1. 在特效药、风险性手术进程、放疗法以及特护病房方面的医学进展已为数千人带来新生。
然而,对于他们中不少人而言,现代医学已成为一把双刃剑。
2. 医生采用一系列航空时代技术进行治疗的能力已超过人体本身的治愈能力。
从医学的角度来说,有更多的疾病能够得以诊治,可对于许多病人而言,复原的希望却微乎其微。
甚至生死之间的基本差别也难以界定清楚。
3. 不少美国人身陷医学囹圄,形同南韩拳击手金得九(Duk Koo Kim)的境遇。
金得九在一次打斗中受到重击,人事不省,大脑停止运转,只能依靠人为方法赖以存活。
经其家人允许,拉斯维加斯的医生切断了维持其生命的器械,死神便接踵而来。
4. 医疗技术进步了,是力求生存还是注重生命质量,哪个目标更为重要,这一问题在全美的医院和疗养院里引发了激烈的争论。
5. 归根结底,问题在于,医疗的宗旨是什么?位于纽约哈德逊河上黑斯廷斯的社会、伦理及生命科学学会主席丹尼尔卡拉汉说,是真的要挽救生命还是要为病人谋取更大的利益?6. 医生、病患、家属,通常还有法庭都不得不在医疗方面作出艰难的抉择。
而这些道德难题往往最容易产生于生命的两个极端生命开初的重病新生儿和生命终端的垂死病患。
7. 这些因现代医学技术而产生的两难问题已不断催生出生物伦理学的新准则。
如今,全美127 家医学院中已有不少机构开设了医学伦理学课程,要在十年前,根本没人会去注意这个领域。
不少医院的员工队伍都包含了牧师、哲学家、精神病医师以及社会工作者,以求帮助病人作出关键性抉择,而有二十分之一的机构专门成立了伦理委员会解决这些难题。
8. 在所有特护病房的垂死病人当中,有约莫20%的病例,其当事人面临艰难的道德抉择是继续尽力挽救生命还是改变初衷、听凭病患死去。
对于是否要维持生命的治疗,不少病房每周大约要作三次决定。
9. 现在就连死亡的定义也已经改变。
既然人工心肺机能够代替心肺维持人的呼吸和血液循环,死神往往不会随着病患的最后一丝喘息或是心脏停止跳动而如期而至。
第三部分医学英语的写作任务一标题的写作(Title)●标题的结构1。
名词+介词Blindness(视觉缺失) after Treatment for Malignant Hypertension2。
名词+分词Unilateral Neurogenic Pruritus Following Stroke中风后单侧神经性瘙痒3。
名词+不定式Suggestion to Abolish Icterus Index Determination(黄疸指数测定)where Quantitative Bilirubin Assay(胆红素定量) is Available建议能做胆红素定量的化验室不再做黄疸指数测定4. 名词+同位语Gentamicine, a Selelctive Agent for the isolation of Betahemolytic Streptocc ociβ—溶血性链球菌庆大霉素是分离β-溶血性链球菌的选择性药物5. 名词+从句Evidence that the V—sis Gene Product Transforms by Interaction with the Receptor for Platelet—derived Growth Factor血小板源性生长因子。
V—sis 基因产物由血小板生成因子受体相互作用而转化的依据6。
动名词短语Preventing Stroke in patients with Atrial Fibrillation心房纤维性颤动心旁纤颤患者中风预防Detecting Acute Myocardial Infarction(急性心肌梗死)by Radio-immunoassay for Creative Kinase(酐激酶)用放射免疫法测定酐激酶诊断急性心肌梗死7. 介词短语On Controlling Rectal Cancer8. 陈述句Dietary Cholesterol is Co-carcinogenic协同致癌因素for Human Colon Cancer9. 疑问句Home or Hospital BirthsIs Treatment of Borderline Hypertension Good or Bad?●注意副标题的作用1.数目:Endoluminal Stent—graft 带支架腔内搭桥for Aortic Aneurysms动脉瘤:A report of 6 cases 带支架腔内搭桥治疗动脉瘤的六例报告2.重点:Aorto—arteritis 大动脉炎Chest X—ray Appearance and Its Clinical Significance大动脉炎胸部X线表现及临床意义3.方法:Gallstone Ileus(胆结石梗阻):A Retrospective Study4.作用:Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Breast-cancer Tissue:A useful prognostic indictor乳腺癌组织中癌胚抗原——一种有用的预后指示5.疑问: Unresolved—Do drinkers have less coronary heart disease?6.连载顺序:Physical and Chemical Studies of Human Blood Serum:II。
医学中英文对照文章医学中英文对照文章随着信息化社会的高速发展,国民的健康意识不断提高,我国借鉴发达国家先进的健康管理经验,初步形成了具有一定中国国情的健康管理模式,国民参与健康管理的意识大大增强。
下面是小编带来的医学中英文对照文章,欢迎阅读!医学中英文对照文章1美国科学家研究起死回生术A groundbreaking trial to see if it is possible to regenerate the brains of dead people, has won approval from health watchdogs.探究死者大脑能否重获新生的开创性实验已获卫生监管部门批准可以开展。
A biotech company in the US has been granted ethical permission to recruit 20 patients who have been declared clinically dead from a traumatic brain injury, to test whether parts of their central nervous system can be brought back to life.美国一家生物科技公司获得伦理许可,将招募20位因脑创伤被宣布临床死亡的病人,用于测试他们的部分中枢神经系统能否被复苏。
Scientists will use a combination of therapies, whichinclude injecting the brain with stem cells and a cocktail of peptides, as well as deploying lasers and nerve stimulation techniques which have been shown to bring patients out of comas.科学家们将合用多种治疗方法,包括给大脑注入干细胞和混合多肽,以及利用激光和神经刺激技术等等。
第三局部医学英语的写作任务一标题的写作〔Title〕●标题的结构1. 名词+介词Blindness〔视觉缺失〕after Treatment for Malignant Hypertension2. 名词+分词Unilateral Neurogenic Pruritus Following Stroke中风后单侧神经性瘙痒3. 名词+不定式Suggestion to Abolish Icterus Index Determination〔黄疸指数测定〕where Quantitative Bilirubin Assay〔胆红素定量〕is Available建议能做胆红素定量的化验室不再做黄疸指数测定4. 名词+同位语Gentamicine, a Selelctive Agent for the isolation of Betahemolytic Streptocc ociβ-溶血性链球菌庆大霉素是别离β-溶血性链球菌的选择性药物5. 名词+从句Evidence that the V-sis Gene Product Transforms by Interaction with the Receptor for Platelet-derived Growth Factor血小板源性生长因子.V-sis 基因产物由血小板生成因子受体相互作用而转化的依据6. 动名词短语Preventing Stroke in patients with Atrial Fibrillation心房纤维性颤抖心旁纤颤患者中风预防Detecting Acute Myocardial Infarction〔急性心肌梗死〕by Radio-immunoassay for Creative Kinase〔酐激酶〕用放射免疫法测定酐激酶诊断急性心肌梗死7. 介词短语On Controlling Rectal Cancer8. 陈述句Dietary Cholesterol is Co-carcinogenic协同致癌因素for Human Colon Cancer9. 疑问句Home or Hospital BirthsIs Treatment of Borderline Hypertension Good or Bad?●注意副标题的作用1.数目:Endoluminal Stent-graft 带支架腔内搭桥for Aortic Aneurysms动脉瘤: A report of 6 cases带支架腔内搭桥治疗动脉瘤的六例报告2.重点:Aorto-arteritis 大动脉炎Chest X-ray Appearance and Its Clinical Significance大动脉炎胸部X线表现及临床意义3.方法:Gallstone Ileus〔胆结石梗阻〕: A Retrospective Study4.作用:Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Breast-cancer Tissue: A useful prognostic indictor乳腺癌组织中癌胚抗原——一种有用的预后指示5.疑问:Unresolved—Do drinkers have less coronary heart disease?6.连载顺序:Physical and Chemical Studies of Human Blood Serum: II. A study of miscellaneous Disease conditions人类血清的理论研究:II. 多种病例的研究7.时间:A Collaborative 综合Study of Burn Nursing in China: 1995-1999常见标题句式举例1. 讨论型:Discussion of/ on; An approach to; A probe into; Investigation of; Evaluation of / on汉语中的“初步体会〞、“试论〞、“浅析〞之类的谦辞可以不译。