Careful ReadingDirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 10 with the corresponding letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Passage 1Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for 1_______, we often don’t clearly understand how to make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few－for example, the 2_____ among students is about six per person. In all the cases of friendly relationships, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the _3______ of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest 4______ enormously. As we get to know people, we take into 5______ things like age, face, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have 6_______ ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in 7______－they often talk about “being on the same wavelength.” It generally takes time to reach th is point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they 8________ on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Equally, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to 9________ differences of opinion.In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down 10_______ of age, class or race.A.rely I. similarB.account J. varyC.degree K. differentD.point L. bearE.tolerate M. grantedF.variable N. troublemon O. barriersH. averagePassage 2V oluntary Service Overseas (VSO) is a registered charity (慈善团体) dedicated to assisting development in the world’s poor countries. It is a direct response to a(an) 1______ need. Each year about 450 volunteers are sent to work on 2______ in 36 developing countries. Each volunteergoes overseas in 3______ to a specific appeal from a developing country. Over the past 23 years more than 20000 volunteers have worked 4______ with VSO. Together they have 5______ over 30000 man-years to development.But VSO volunteers gain as well as give. They gain responsibility, experience and a personal viewpoint on development. Above all, VSO is _6_______ that the Third World needs. For this reason the Third World countries themselves pay almost half the cost of each VSO volunteer.When VSO was established over 20 years ago, the first volunteers were school-leavers. However, increasingly the demand was for skilled and professional people. Today, all VSO volunteers are skilled and/or 7________ people－teachers and doctors, mechanics and electricians, accountants and civil engineers. Why do they volunteer? To make a _8_______ contribution, to take on extra responsibility, to 9________ overseas work experience, to work within a community －often for all these reasons. The task of VSO is to match these specialists with particular vacancies, 10______ to them by overseas countries, then they prepare the volunteer to work in a very different environment.A)response I) aidB)content J) contributedC)gain K) projectsD)notified L) budgesE)development M) definitelyF)urgent N) qualifiedG)abroad O) personalH)explicitPassage 3Today many people are starving to death. There is a shortage of food and the 1________ food is too expensive for hungry people to buy. Therefore, they go without food, or each day have only one or two small meals lacking the necessary vitamins to_2______ good health.Recently, a man who wanted to understand the 3________ of such people conducted an experiment. He only ate one meal a day for a month but continued to work as he 4______ did.During the first five days he was hungry at his 5_______ meal times, but after he had drunk a glass of water his hunger went away. In the evening, when he ate his one meal, he ate quickly and _6______ a large amount. During the next few days, although he was not hungry during the day, he quickly noticed every food shop, and the _7______ of food caught his attention. During the third and fourth weeks, he had hungry pains and lacked physical strength.This experiment changed his attitude about some things. Having a cup of tea was not just a 8______, it also gave him strength. He more frequently noticed _9______ people and people who threw away leftover food. But most important, he could now 10______ in a small way with the starving people of the world.A)regular I) maintainB)sympathize J) overweightC)frequently K) compriseD)conditions L) normallyE)smell M) disposalF)consumed N) fatigueG)depressed O) pastimeH)availablePassage 4The term “flexible working”has become familiar to any company, regardless of size, that needs to look at how individual jobs are structured. The thinking behind this is not only the _1_____ that this approach has 2_______ cost benefits, but also the recognition that it can lead to more inventive and _3_______ workforce.One company with a long history of flexible working is Remploy, the UK’s largest employer of 4_______ disabled people. Remploy has a UK 5________ of more than 11000 employees in 89 factories working in various sectors of the economy including textiles, furniture and manufacturing services.Training and development programmes are a key aspect of Remploy’s 6_______ policy, and each hourly-paid employee has an individual training and action plan. Throughout the company, there is also an 7_______ that progression, and the opportunity to progress, is a motivating factor. In the Manufacturing Services Group, for example, the policy is to train as many employees as possible in two of core businesses. Once they have achieved this, the employees are promoted.In addition, Remploy has _8_______ to changing markets in recent years by changing products in over a third of its factories. This has _9_______ the company to remain _10______ and keep the workforce in full-time employment. On these occasions, Remploy’s flexible approach has enabled employees to be fully retrained whilst continuing to work.A)contented I) disorderB)awareness J) respondedC)presentation K) competitiveD)enabled L) workforceE)radical M) employmentF)respectively N) realizationG)severely O) potentialH)expandedPassage 5If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of your brain are not getting enough 1_______－and as a result, we are aging unnecessarily soon.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why _2_______ healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and _3_______ at a relatively early age, and how the process of aging could be slowed down. With a team of colleagues at a Tokyo NationalUniversity, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying 4_______.The findings show in general terms that 5_______ of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, 6______ by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing 7___ work in government offices are, however, as likely to have contracting brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant are doing better.Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate _8_______ in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood 9_______ is through using the brain,” he says, “think hard and 10______ in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculators.”A)circulation I) reasonB)routine J) otherwiseC)presumably K) sufficientD)exercise L) engageE)properly M) vagueF)followed N) occupationsG)possessions O) interpretedH)shrinkingPassage 6Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources-expert, notices this in the job applications that come _1______ his desk everyday. “Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I _2______ the candidate.” Crossley concludes. “If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?”Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the _3_______ of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest for the trees,” says Charles Garfield, _4_______ professor at the University of California, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture. If they don’t, we should _5________ them and move to something else.”Garfield compares this process to his work at NASA. “The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off course 90 percent of the time,”says Garfield. “But a successful landing was still _6______ because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as _7_______.”Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we _8_______.Too often we believe what _9_______ for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards _10_______.A)associate I) followB)vice J) acrossC)undertake K) alongD)explains L) accountsE)necessary M) costF)drop N) usualG)eliminate O) likelyH)paymentPassage 7The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. At the time, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as _1_______, for she had sixteen watertight compartments（不透水的分隔舱）. Even if two of these were 2_______, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first 3_______ with heavy loss of life.Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy water of the North Atlantic, huge iceberg was suddenly _4______ by a lookout. After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned _5______ to avoid a direct collision. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight 6_______ sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. The noise had been so 7_______ that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, the captain realized to his 8___ that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded! The order to _9________ ship was given and hundreds of people _10_______ into the icy water. As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody, 1500 lives were lost.A)faint I) sharplyB)scrape J) journeyC)unsinkable K) plungedD)trembling L) voyageE)terrible M) abandonF)spotted N) discoveredG)gracefully O) horrorH)floodedPassage 8It is a typical day at the office－a senior manager is away when an urgent letter arrives from one of her clients. Meanwhile someone has discovered that the wrong price list has been sent out and half of the last mailshot has been returned because the addresses are out of date. After a lot of time and effort has been _1______ sorting out all these problems, someone asks why the new computer system didn’t _2______ all of this from happening. Unfortunately, such problems are _3______.One firm which used to have 4_______ computer problems is Brinkman Levis, a professional services firm. David Callaghan, a partner at the firm, 5______: “The initial problem for us was that we had all this information on computers around the office but didn’t know what to do with it.”Finally, Brinkman Lewis decided to _6_______ a network linking all the machines in the office. Rather than simply asking one of the senior manages to accept responsibility for information technology, the firm brought in _7_______ Zoe Edlington to plan the development of its network. She began by upgrading the _8_______ telephone system so it could be integrated with the computers to provide closer links between the members of the firm. She then began finding other ways in which the information already on the network could be used more _9_______.The strategy worked. The company soon realized that there could be a market for such a 10______, and before long Zoe Edlington was head of the firm’s new network consultancy business.A)prevent I) authorityB)effectively J) generalC)frustrate K) specialistD)existing L) commonE)explains M) introduceF)spent N) ongoingG)serious O) solutionH)competentlyPassage 9In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages of using faculty from foreign countries in teaching positions have to be _1_____, of course. It can be said that foreign background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also _2_______ problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual.The foreign research scholar usually _3_______ himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; _4_______, what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system quite different from that at home. He is faced in his _5_______ work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students lack background in each other’s cultures. Some _6________ of what is already in the minds of American students is required by the foreign professor. While helping him to _7______ himself to his new environment, the university must also make certain adjustments in order to take full advantage of what the newcomer can _8_______. It isn’t always known how to make _9______ use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a field where further study is called _10_______. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty.A)for I) adaptB)however J) uponC)moreover K) offerD)creative L) advancedE)daily M) conceptF)adopt N) isolatesG)creates O) consideredH)solvesPassage 10The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in shortest possible time. Although these wild modern roads are generally _1_______ and well maintained, with few sharp curves and many straight sections, a direct route is not always the most 2________ one. Large highways often pass by scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally _3______ large urban centers which mean that they become crowded with _4________ traffic during rush hours, when the “fast, direct” way becomes a very slow route.However, there is almost always another route to take if you are not in a hurry. Not far from the 5_______ new “superhighways”, there are often older, _6________ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. Some of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads 7________through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high 8_______, or down frightening hillsides to towns _9_______ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places where the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean 10______ of the world.A)connect I) cliffsB)relatively J) profitableC)view K) lyingD)less L) regularlyE)lead M) smoothF)curving N) enjoyableG)heavy O) moreH)layingPassage 11Of all the problems facing modern astronomers, perhaps the most fascinating is: “Can intelligent life exist 1_______?”Since the earth is an unimportant planet moving round an unimportant star, it would be a pride on our part to suppose that we are the only intelligent beings in the universe. But to obtain proof is difficult.The main trouble is that our neighbor worlds, the bodies in the Solar System appear to beunsuitable for advanced life-forms. The Moon may be _2_______ out at once; it has hardly any atmosphere. Venus is little better; the surface temperature is extremely high and the _3______ is mostly carbon dioxide. Mars with a very thin atmosphere and a severe _4_______ of water may well support simple plant life but there seems no hope of finding animals, while the attractive Martians of the story-tellers have long since been given up.Of course this has not stopped the flow of bright ideas for _5_______ with the supposed people on Mars. In the early nineteenth century the great mathematician Gauss suggested planting trees-patterns in Siberia, so that the Martians would see them and reply _6________. Following up this idea, the Austrian scientist Karl Littrow proposed digging very wide ditches in the Sahara, triangular in pattern, and then filling them with petrol or some such substance so that, _7_______ lit, the ditches would present Martian observers with a “flaming triangle”_8________ would show the existence here of intelligent minds. Even better were the plans of Charles Cros, a French writer of the eighteen-seventies, who wanted to build a large mirror to reflect the sun’s rays and concentrate them on the surface of Mars, _9_______ making a vast burning-glass. By swinging the mirror around, Cros explained, it would be practicable to write words in the Martian deserts simply by burning the sand. For many years he bombarded the French government with literature about this plan and was very 10_______ when no official interest was shown.A.ruled I. atmospheremunicating J. althoughC.sufficiency K. therebyD.elsewhere L. excitedlyE.which M. shortageF.disappointed N. surfaceG.carried O. whenH.suitablyPassage 12One source of a poor self-concept is an inaccurate self-perception. Such unrealistic pictures sometimes come from being overly hard on yourself, believing that you’re worse than the facts _1_______. By learning to take a 2_______view of yourself, it will be possible to see whether you have been selling yourself short.An unrealistically poor self-concept can arise from the inaccurate 3_______ of others. Perhaps you are in an environment where you receive an _4_______ number of depressing messages, many of which are undeserved, and a _5_______ of delightful messages. We’ve known many housewives, for example, who have returned to college after many years spent in homemaking, where they receive _6_______ no recognition for their intellectual strengths. It’s 7_______ that these women have the courage to come to college at all, so low are their self-concepts; but come they do, and most are excited to find that they are much brighter and more competent intellectually than they 8_________. In the same way, workers with overly critical 9________, children with cruel “friends”, and students with unsupportive teachers all tend to have low-concepts owing to excessively negative feedback.If you fall into this category, it’s important to put the unrealistic evaluations you receive to attention and then to seek out more 10________ people who will acknowledge your value as well as point out your shortcomings.A)virtually I) feedbackB)civilians J) likelyC)supervisors K) excessiveD)boost L) realisticE)indicate M) displayF)minimum N) amazingG)efficiently O) suspectedH)supportivePassage 13Between about 1910 and 1930, new artistic movements in European are were making themselves felt in the United States. American artists became 1________ with the new art on their trips to Paris and at the 2_______ in the famous New York gallery “291” (named after its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz. But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the 3________ Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a number of 4________ American painters.Several of the American modernists who were 5_______ by the Armory Show found the urban landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject. Compared with the works of the realist painters, the works of American modernists were much further removed from the actual 6_______ of the city; they were more interested in the “feel” of the city, more 7_______ with the meaning behind appearance. However, both the painters of the “Ash Can School”and the later realists were still tied to the nineteenth century or earlier styles, while the early modernists shared in the international breakthroughs of the art of the twentieth century.The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914, which brought about a major revolution in Western painting. It overturned the 8_______ tradition that had been built upon since the Renaissance. In Cubism, natural forms were broken down analytically into geometric shapes. No longer was a clear differentiation made between the 9_______ and the background of a painting: the objects represented and the surface on which they were painted became one. The Cubists abandoned the 10_______ single vantage point (优势) of the viewer, and objects depicted from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same time.A.appearance I. figureB.rational J. progressiveC.national K. sensationalD.acquainted L. offeredE.condition M. exhibitionsF.influenced N. exhibitG.number O. conventionalH.concernedPassage 14Prices determine how 1_______ are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a 2________ network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The 3_______ of all these prices make up the “system” of prices. The price of a(an) 4_______ product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly 5_______ individuals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money 6_______ of a product or services as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money 7_______ must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be 8_______ with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other 9_______. In other words, both buyer and seller should be 10_______ aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package”being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.plex I. familiarB.fully J. specialC.resources K. objectsD.particular L. qualityE.interrelationships M. sourceF.factors N. valueG.selected O. similarH.involvedPassage 15Earthquakes may rightly be ranked as one of the most devastating forces known to man: since records began to be written down, it has been 1_______ that earthquake-related fatalities (deaths) have numbered in the million, and that earthquake-related destruction has been _2_______ calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings and the effects of rockslides, floods, tsunamis and other phenomena 3______ fromearthquakes, rather than from the quakes themselves.The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific _4________ areas. One such area encompasses (环绕) the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous (相邻的) land masses. The other extends from the East Indies to the Atlas Mountain, including the Himalayas, Iran, Turkey, and the Alpine regions. It is in these two great belts or zones that ninety percent of all earthquakes take place; they may, 5_______, happen anywhere at any time.This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake 6______ maybe be possible. By analyzing changes in animal _7_______, patterns of movements in the earth’s crust, variations in the force of gravity and the earth’s magnetic field, and the frequency with which minor earth tremors (small earthquakes) are observed, scientists have shown increasing success in anticipating when and where earthquakes will strike. As a result, a worldwide earthquake warning network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for (and thus lessen) the vast destruction that might 8_______ have been totally unexpected.It is 9_______ that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and eliminate their destructiveness altogether, but as 10_______ and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their potential devastation (毁坏) before it occurs.A.however I. doubtfulB.behavior J. certainlyC.expectations K. resultingD.otherwise L. aboveE.beyond M. predictionF.how N. supposedG.geographic O. estimatedH.whether11。
