commerce and the arts 商业与艺术
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肯尼迪总统就职演说译文[原创]We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom -- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning-- signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.我们今天在这里,不是庆祝政党的胜利,而是共享自由的庆典――标志着一个结束,也是一个开始――彰显着更新,也彰显着改变。
因为我在你们面前许下我们的祖先近175年前制定的相同的庄严誓言。
The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand ofGod.当今的世界已经是今非昔比。
因为人类的血肉之手掌握着消除人类一切贫困和生命的魔力。
我们的祖先为之奋斗的革命理想还在全世界饱受争议――这个理想就是,人的权利不是来自国家的慷慨,而是来自上帝的恩赐。
第三章英译汉常用方法和技巧(教学安排:6课时)无论翻译的标准如何,翻译的目的都是要求译者最大程度地传递原文信息/再现原文风格,以求最大程度地“忠实”于原文。
翻译标准只是给译者提供了翻译的大方向,在具体的翻译运作过程中,还会遇到种种问题,所以在翻译实践中,还要灵活运用相应的翻译方法和技巧,从原文和译文的整体出发,全面分析,透过现象,抓住本质。
经过不断的翻译实践,翻译技巧一定会运用得越来越娴熟,翻译水平也会越来越高。
合理有效地运用翻译技巧可以使译文生辉,有效地提高翻译质量。
常用的翻译方法和技巧:直译和意译词义的选择省略法和增补法词类转译法重复法正反、反正表达法分译法和合译法直译和意译英汉两种语言的结构有相同的一面,也有不同的一面,因此翻译时有时使用直译,有时用意译,有时直译并举。
无论使用哪种方法,其原则是在忠实原文内容和风格的前提下,摆脱原文结构的束缚,使译文符合汉语的规范直译(metaphrase/literal translation)在不影响译入语的自然流畅并保持原文信息的前提下,在译文中既保持原文的内容信息,又保持原文的形式结构,尤其要保持原文的修辞、文体和文化特质。
to kill two birds with one stoneto shed crocodile tears如果不破坏原文结构,译文也能通顺自然且忠实原意,这是最理想的直译,但逐字对等且保持原文结构和语义的情况微乎其微。
直译法的使用不仅极大丰富了汉语的词汇,而且及大地拓展了汉语的表达方式和表达范围。
汉语中的外来语大都采用直译法或音译法。
例如:lady-killer talk show mad cow diseasebird flu chain reaction cat walkhumor second-hand car tittuphippy yuppie shock例1原文:There are two types of electric current: alternating current in which the current flows first one way then the other in a forward and backward motion, and direct current which flows the same way all the time.译文:例2原文:Losing one’s independence for Americans is a shameful thing.例3原文:Italian gourmets are protesting against the invasion of foreign foods on the dinner table.译文:例4原文:In short, when employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on what they can do better in the year ahead, not worrying about what went into their files about the past.译文:例5原文:But when I look at the Third World and think “What can I do to solve this?”, my reaction isn’t to say “Let’s bring population down immediately”.译文:例6原句:Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War, but in a few years, he was completely defeated.译文:例7原文:People are always talking about “the problem of yo uth.” I f there is one, then it is older people who create it, not the young people themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings—people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him, and maybe that is where the rub is.译文:直译不等于死译、硬译,直译也需要灵活变通,不能只求形式对等而破坏原文内容。
艺术与商业的关系辩论辩题正方,艺术与商业是相辅相成的,二者之间存在着密不可分的关系。
首先,艺术作为一种创造性的表达方式,需要商业的支持和推广,才能让更多的人欣赏和体验到艺术的魅力。
其次,商业可以通过艺术来提升自身的形象和品牌价值,例如许多知名企业都会赞助艺术展览或文化活动,以此来提升自身的社会形象和文化内涵。
再者,艺术作为一种文化传承和创新的载体,可以为商业提供灵感和创意,帮助企业进行产品创新和市场营销。
因此,艺术与商业之间的关系是互利共赢的。
反方,艺术与商业之间存在着一定的矛盾和冲突,二者不能简单地等同或混为一谈。
首先,艺术是一种精神追求和文化表达,其价值并不等同于商业利益。
艺术家应该有自己的创作追求和独立性,而不是为了商业利益而改变自己的创作方向。
其次,商业化对艺术的影响可能会导致艺术品味的低俗化和大众化,削弱了艺术的独特性和深度。
最后,艺术与商业的结合可能会导致商业对艺术的操纵和侵害,使艺术成为商业利益的工具,而失去了自身的独立性和纯粹性。
因此,艺术与商业之间的关系应该是相互尊重、相互独立的。
在这个辩题中,我站在正方的角度来阐述我的观点。
首先,艺术与商业的关系是相辅相成的。
艺术需要商业的支持和推广,才能让更多的人了解和欣赏到艺术作品。
商业也可以通过艺术来提升自身的形象和品牌价值。
例如,著名的意大利奢侈品牌Gucci就曾与著名艺术家合作推出联名款,通过艺术创作来提升品牌的文化内涵和艺术气息。
其次,艺术可以为商业提供灵感和创意。
许多成功的广告和产品设计都来源于艺术的灵感,艺术家的创作可以为商业带来新的思路和创新。
最后,艺术与商业的结合可以促进文化产业的繁荣和发展。
艺术市场的兴盛也为商业带来了巨大的商机和利润。
因此,艺术与商业之间的关系是互利共赢的。
在名人名句方面,著名商业大亨华尔顿曾说过,“艺术是商业的灵魂。
”这句话说明了艺术在商业中的重要性,艺术可以为商业注入灵魂和文化内涵。
另外,著名艺术家毕加索也曾说过,“艺术是一种商业,商业也是一种艺术。
艺术商业和商业艺术作者:李宇来源:《收藏/拍卖》 2011年第8期巴塞尔艺术博览会作为一个已经举办过42届展会的资深博览会,在中国这个当代艺术尚处于初步发展阶段的国度中,观者对它是怎样的印象和思考呢?在中国还是学院派绘画大行其道的时候,巴塞尔艺博会上已经难觅绘画踪影,展会的学术与商业的平衡,藏家与卖家的互动,都值得我们去学习。
2011 年6 月15 日第42 届巴塞尔艺术博览会(艺术巴塞尔Art Basel)在瑞士小城巴塞尔拉开帷幕。
“世界艺博会之冠” 、“艺术奥林匹克” 、“艺术暖巢”、“艺术卖场”这些都是我们耳熟能详的巴塞尔艺博会的美誉,其悠久的历史和巨大的交易额更被视为是全球艺术市场的“晴雨表”。
巴塞尔艺博会的入选门槛很高,能入选巴塞尔艺术博览会已经成为各国画廊和艺术家的荣耀,这可能也是它历经40余年仍然长盛不衰的主要原因之一。
像很多能搞噱头的电影宣传一样,巴塞尔的主办方也是个会吊人胃口的高手。
巴塞尔艺博会2011 年的准确时间地点,基本日程安排,早在开幕的一年前就公布在官方网站上。
2011 年初,主办方就不断地在官方网站上公布第42 届艺博会的情况。
3 月公布“艺术画廊Art Galleries ”板块有35 个国家近300 家参展商参展,参展艺术家近2500 位;4 月公布“艺术宣言Art Statements”板块推出新晋艺术家个展;5 月公布“艺术无限ArtUnlimited”板块有62 个项目,且大腕云集;6 月公布“艺术无处不在ArtParcours”板块在巴塞尔多个著名地点展示高质量的艺术作品;此外还介绍了“艺术特色Art Feature”、“艺术电影Art Film”、“艺术出版Art Edition”板块等等。
不断的造势让人们对巴塞尔艺博会充满了期待。
学院派身影难觅,作品似曾相识我对巴塞尔艺博会上的参展作品类型的总体感觉就是——学院的影子几乎为零,那种用画笔勾勒、或是用笔触来表现的人物(或其他事物)的形象,几乎找不到踪影。
艺术与商业的冲突与统一辩论辩题正方:艺术与商业并非对立,而是可以统一的艺术与商业并不是水火不容的两个领域,而是可以相互融合、共存的。
首先,艺术作为一种精神追求和审美体验,是人类情感和思想的表达,具有独特的文化和历史价值。
而商业作为一种经济活动,是为了满足人们物质需求而产生的。
然而,艺术与商业并非互相排斥,而是可以相互促进、共同发展的。
首先,艺术与商业可以相互促进。
艺术作品可以通过商业渠道进行推广和传播,使更多的人能够欣赏到艺术的魅力。
同时,商业活动也可以为艺术提供支持和保障,让艺术家有更多的创作空间和资源。
比如,许多知名艺术家的作品可以通过商业画廊进行展览和销售,艺术家也可以通过商业合作获得更多的创作灵感和资源支持。
其次,艺术与商业可以共同发展。
商业可以通过艺术赋予产品更多的文化内涵和情感价值,使产品更具吸引力和竞争力。
同时,艺术也可以通过商业活动获得更多的资源和平台,使艺术更加活跃和有活力。
比如,许多知名品牌通过与艺术家合作推出艺术品或者艺术活动,既能提升品牌形象,又能为艺术家提供更多的展示和创作机会。
因此,艺术与商业并非对立的关系,而是可以相互融合、共同发展的。
只有在艺术与商业相互促进、共同发展的基础上,才能更好地实现艺术和商业的统一。
反方:艺术与商业存在着冲突,无法完全统一艺术与商业之间存在着本质的冲突,无法完全统一。
首先,艺术作为一种精神追求和审美体验,强调的是情感表达和独立思想,而商业作为一种经济活动,以利润为导向,追求的是市场需求和商业价值。
艺术强调的是创作的独立性和原创性,而商业追求的是市场的营销和盈利。
因此,艺术与商业之间存在着根本的价值冲突,无法完全统一。
其次,艺术与商业的发展路径也存在着巨大差异。
艺术需要时间和空间来孕育和成长,强调的是创作的内在价值和精神追求。
而商业追求的是速成和效益,强调的是市场需求和商业利润。
艺术家需要时间和空间来进行创作和思考,而商业活动则需要快速的反应和市场的变化。
艺术商品化英语作文Title: The Commercialization of Art: Balancing Creativity and Commerce。
Art has long been a form of expression, a medium through which artists communicate their thoughts, emotions, and perspectives to the world. However, in today's society, the commercialization of art has become increasingly prevalent, raising questions about the integrity and authenticity of artistic expression. This essay delves into the complex relationship between art and commerce, exploring the implications of the commodification of art and the challenges it poses to the creative process.To begin with, it is essential to acknowledge that the commodification of art is not a new phenomenon. Throughout history, artists have relied on patrons, sponsors, or buyers to support their work financially. From the Renaissance period, where artists were commissioned by wealthy patrons to create masterpieces, to the contemporaryart market, where multimillion-dollar artworks are bought and sold at auctions, the commercial aspect of art has always been present.However, the rise of consumer culture and mass media in the 20th century has significantly intensified the commodification of art. Today, art is not only bought and sold in galleries and auction houses but also marketed and consumed as a form of entertainment. Art fairs, biennales, and blockbuster exhibitions attract millions of visitors each year, turning art into a lucrative industry. As a result, artists are under pressure to produce works that cater to market demand, compromising their creative freedom and artistic vision.One of the most significant implications of the commercialization of art is the commodification ofcreativity itself. In a market-driven economy, artistic value is often equated with monetary worth, leading to the prioritization of marketability over originality. Asartists strive to appeal to a broader audience and secure financial success, there is a tendency to produce formulaicor derivative works that conform to popular trends rather than pushing the boundaries of artistic innovation.Moreover, the commercialization of art can also lead to the homogenization of culture, as mainstream tastes and preferences dictate the direction of artistic production. This not only stifles diversity and experimentation within the art world but also perpetuates stereotypes and reinforces existing power structures. Marginalized voices and alternative perspectives are often overlooked in favor of more commercially viable narratives, resulting in a lack of representation and inclusivity in the arts.Furthermore, the commodification of art hasimplications for the accessibility and affordability of cultural experiences. As artworks become increasingly commodified and commoditized, they are often priced beyond the reach of the average person, exacerbating socioeconomic inequalities in access to the arts. In addition, the emphasis on market value over intrinsic worth can devalue art as a meaningful and transformative experience, reducing it to a mere commodity to be bought and sold.Despite these challenges, it is essential to recognize that the commercialization of art also brings opportunities for artists to reach a wider audience and gain recognition for their work. Through marketing and promotion, artistscan leverage commercial platforms to showcase their talents and connect with potential patrons or collectors. Moreover, the commodification of art can provide financial supportfor artists, enabling them to sustain their practice and pursue their creative endeavors.In conclusion, the commercialization of art is a complex phenomenon that raises important questions aboutthe relationship between creativity and commerce. While the commodification of art presents challenges to the integrity and authenticity of artistic expression, it also offers opportunities for artists to thrive in a competitive market. Ultimately, striking a balance between artistic vision and commercial success is crucial in navigating the evolving landscape of the art world.。