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【初中英语】初中英语语法大全辅导之构词法【—辅导之构词法】关于构词法的英语语法知识，希望同学们认真学习。
构词法英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。
1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法：(1)派生名词：①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge(2)派生形容词：①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious(3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully,good→well, possible→possibly等等。
3、转换法：(1)形容词→动词,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。
(2)动词→名词,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名词→动词,如：hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。
(4)形容词→副词,如：early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副词→连词,如：when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。
(6)介词→副词,如：in(到……里)→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。
初二英语寒假复习（一）：构词法北京实验版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：寒假复习（一）：构词法二. 重点、难点构词法（派生词）三. 教学目标：通过本讲的学习，使学生能够掌握一定的构词能力，以扩大学生们的词汇量。
四. 重点知识讲解：（一）词的派生1. 派生词多数是由词根加后缀构成的。
1）+后缀T名词a. - er: worker cleaner maker teacherb. —or: visitor sailor inven tor actorc. —ist: scie ntist artist pia nistd. - ess: actress waitresse. - ee: employee trainee referee trusteef. - ian: musician Canadian Australiang. - n ess: ill ness happ in ess great ness cold nessh. —（a）ti on: dictati on reparati on excepti on in vitati oni. - ment: movement development arguementj. - ion: discussion revision decisionk. - ing: building feeling painting weddingl. —ship: frie ndship relati on ship scholarshipm. - en ce: differe nee depe ndence con fide nee referencen. - ance: allowanee acceptanee assistaneeo. - th: truth warmth health lengthp. - y: modesty difficulty safetyq. - ure: failure pleasure pressure2）+后缀-形容词：a. - ful: cheerful useful grateful faithfulb. - less: careless homeless fearless hopelessc. - ish: Swedish selfishd. —ive: active collective decisive destructivee. —ous: dan gerous famous eon ti nuous courageous variousf. —able: acceptable agreeable forgettable applicable comfortableg. - ible: sensible responsible permissible possibleh. —y: rainy snowy foggy dirtyi. - some: troublesome burdensome Ionesome handsomej. —al: critical physical chemical medical classicalk. - en: golden wooden woolen专心爱心用心．l. —ed: lan ded excited in terested surprisedm. - ly: friendly lively daily3) +后缀T动词：-ize: recognize apologize realize normalize-en: widen basten frighten—fy: simplify beautify satisfy4) +后缀T副词—ly: really happily simply difficultly completely5) +后缀T数词—tee n: fourtee n fiftee n eightee n-ty: forty thirty fifty ninety—th: fourth ninth twelfth2. +前缀一般不造成词类的转变，只是引起意思上的变化，前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。
初中英语常用构词法归纳有些生词考生可以通过构词法去猜测其意，所以要求考生熟悉初中出现的英语构词法，并熟练其构成和含义。
下面是对初中阶段出现的重点构词法的归纳，希望各位老师、同学认真阅读并掌握，希望对各位考生有所帮助。
1. 合成法合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。
1)名词+名词→名词basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店book(书) + store(商店) → b ookstore书店house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业2) 形容词+名词→名词black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器3) 介词+名词→名词(或形容词)after(在后)+noon(正午) →afternoon下午under(在下面)+ground (地面) → underground地下的4) 名词+过去分词→形容词man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的5) 名词(形容词)+名词+ed→形容词glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的) →glass-topped玻璃罩着的kind(善良的)+hearted(心) →kind-hearted好心的6) 副词+名词→介词in(里面)+side(边) →inside在内down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) →downstairs在楼下2. 派生法派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。
它不仅扩充了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。
后缀(后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义)：1)动词或形容词+er/or →名词write v.写→writer n.作者travel v. 旅行→traveler n.旅客foreign adj.外国的→foreigner n.外国人invent v.发明→inventor n.发明家visit v. 参观→ visitor n.参观者2) 动词+(t)ion/sion → 名词invent v.发明→invention n.发明operate v.做手术→operation n.手术decide v.决定→ decision决定attend v. 注意/参加→ attention注意3) 动词+ing/ed → 名词或形容词build v. 建筑→building n.建筑物interest v.使感兴趣→interesting/interested adj.有趣的please v.使高兴→pleased adj.高兴的4) 名词+ese →名词和形容词China n.中国→Chinese n.中国人adj.汉语的Japan n. 日本→Japanese n. 日本人adj.日语的5) 名词或动词+ ful →形容词help n. 帮助→helpful adj有帮助的use n. 使用→ useful adj. 有用的6) 动词+able → 形容词enjoy v. 喜欢→enjoyable. adj.有趣的forget v. 忘记→ forgettable adj. 容易被忘的7) 名词+en →形容词wool n. 羊毛→woolen adj.羊毛的wood n. 木材→wooden adj.木制的8) 名词+y → 形容词sun n. 太阳→sunny adj.阳光灿烂的cloud n. 云→ cloudy adj.多云的luck n. 运气→ lucky adj.运气好的noise n. 响声→noisy adj.喧闹的smell n. 味道,气味→smelly adj. 有使人难受的气味的,臭的9)形容词+ly →副词happy adj 高兴的→happily adv. 高兴地wide adj. 宽广的→widely adv. 宽广地10) 形容词+ness → 名词good adj. 好的→goodness n.好意kind adj. 善良的→kindness n.和蔼happy adj. 开心的→happiness n. 开心11) 名词+ly →形容词friend n. 朋友→friendly adj.友好的love n. 爱→lovely adj.可爱的12) 名词+ less →形容词(词义与加ful相反)care + less →careless adj. 粗心的help + less →helpless adj. 无助的13) 名词+ al →形容词nation n.民族→national adj. 国家的education n.教育→educational adj.教育性的tradition n. 传统→traditional adj. 传统的14) 名词+ ist →名词science n.科学→scientist n.科学家piano n.钢琴→pianist n.钢琴家tour n. 旅游,观光旅行→tourist n. 旅行者，观光客15) 动词+ ment →名词develop v.发展→development n.发展agree v.同意→agreement n. 同意，一致, 协议argue v. 争论，辩论→argument n. 争吵;论据16) 形容词+ ity →名词able adj. 能够的→ability n.能力，才能possible adj.可能的→possibility n. 可能性real adj. 真的,真实的→reality n. 现实,实际,真实17) 名词+ous →形容词danger n.危险→dangerous adj.危险的18) 名词+ish →形容词fool n. 愚人，傻瓜→foolish adj.愚蠢的，傻的child n.孩子→childish adj.孩子气的，幼稚的book n. 书→bookish adj.书生气的19) 形容词或名词+en →动词wide adj. 广泛的,宽阔的→widen v. 弄宽sharp adj. 锋利的,急剧的→sharpen v. 使...尖锐,变为锐利fright n. 惊吓→frighten v. 使惊吓, 害怕，惊恐20) 名词或形容词+ify →动词beauty n.美丽→beautify v. 美化,变美,修饰simple adj.简单的→simplify v. 简化,使单纯21) 形容词+ize →动词real adj. 真的，真实的→realize v.了解, 实现, 察觉;领悟memory n.记忆力→memorize v.记忆22) 动词+tive →形容词act v. 行为,行动→active adj. 积极的,主动的attract v. 吸引,有吸引力→attractive adj. 有吸引力的,引起注意的23)动词+ess →名词(女性)host v.主持,做东→hostess n. 女主人act v. 行动,扮演→actress n. 女演员wait v.等待,等候→waitress n. 女侍者,女服务员前缀(前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性)：1) un- (不，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)happy (高兴的) → unhappy(不高兴的)like (像) → unlike(不像)2) im- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀，常用在p, b, m开头的单词前)possible (可能的) → impossible(不可能的)polite → impolite3) in- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)active →inactivecomplete →incomplete 不完全的4) dis-(不，非，表示否定，动词或形容词或名词前缀)honest →dishonest agree →disagreeadvantage优势→disadvantage不利,不利条件5) mis- (表示错误)understand →misunderstand (误解)mistake (错误), misuse (误用)6) re- (再，重复)tell 叙述→ retell复述build 建筑→ rebuild 重建write →rewrite7) bi- (两个、双边的)bicycle 自行车, bicolor 双色的8) inter- (相互、交互、在一起)interview, international, internet9) tele- (远)telephone, television10) kilo- (千)meter 米→kilometer 公里，千米gram 克→kilogram 千克11) micro- (微，小)microwave oven 微波炉microcomputer 微型电脑12) sub- (下，次，亚，准，副)subway 地铁，sub-zero 零度以下的，subcollege 准大学程度的，subworker 助手，副手，suboffice 分办事处，3. 转化法在英语发展过程中，由于词尾的基本消失，衍生出一种新的构词法——转化法，而无须借助词缀，就实现词类的转化。
英语构词法精讲教案[教案]教学目标:1. 熟悉英语构词法的基本概念和常见构词规则。
2. 掌握构词法的运用，能够分析和拆解词汇结构。
3. 加深对英语词汇的理解和记忆。
教学内容:一、引言：构词法的重要性和应用背景（200字左右）二、基本概念：词根、前缀和后缀（300字左右）三、构词规则：前缀、后缀和词根的运用（800字左右）A. 前缀的加入和意义改变B. 后缀的赋予词汇词性C. 词根的结合和延伸四、案例分析：常见构词法案例详解（800字左右）A. 名词构词法案例分析B. 动词构词法案例分析C. 形容词构词法案例分析五、练习与应用：学生活动和参与（500字左右）A. 给出词汇结构的拆解和分析B. 根据词根、前缀和后缀创造新词六、总结与展望：概括教学要点和展望学习成果（300字左右）教学方法:本教案采用讲解与实践相结合的教学方法。
通过对构词法的概念和规则进行详细讲解，并结合案例进行分析和练习，激发学生的兴趣和思考能力。
教学准备:1. 教师准备：PPT、教学案例、学生练习题2. 学生准备：教材、学习笔记教学过程:引言：构词法是英语学习的重要组成部分，它能够帮助我们更好地理解词汇，并且提高词汇的记忆和运用能力。
在今天的课堂上，我们将深入学习英语构词法的基本概念和常见规则，通过案例分析和练习来提升我们的构词能力。
让我们一起开始吧！基本概念：构词法主要由词根、前缀和后缀组成。
词根是词汇的核心部分，它具有一定的词义；前缀和后缀则是在词根的基础上进行词汇构造和词义改变。
例如，单词"unhappiness"中，"happy"是词根，"un-"是前缀，"-ness"是后缀。
接下来，我们将详细讲解前缀、后缀和词根的作用和使用方法。
构词规则：A. 前缀的加入和意义改变（举例说明）前缀在词根前面加入，可以改变词汇的意义。
例如，"un-"表示否定，"re-"表示再次，"mis-"表示错误等。
构词法（1）【考向解读】中考对构词法的考查主要集中在：1. 掌握基本的构词法2. 中考中的题型和大体分值：阅读理解（2分以上）【重点点拨】一、知识精讲（一）为什么要学习和掌握构词法？掌握基本的构词法知识，对于正确地识记单词，扩大词汇量，提高记忆速度和记忆效果，培养自学能力，具有非常重要的意义。
（二）什么是英语构词法初中阶段，英语的构词法通常包括：合成法（Compound）转化法（Conversion）派生法（Derivation）（三）合成法（Compound）1. 什么是合成法？把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词的方法叫做合成法。
合成后的词，其意思一般是两个词意思的合并。
【例子】c lass + room = classroomblack +board= blackboard典例说出下面词的意思1. sunglasses2. earring3. toothpaste4. hairdryer答案：1. 太阳镜 2. 耳环 3. 牙膏 4. 吹风机思路分析：合成词的意思就是两个词意思的合并。
2. 合成的方法（1）直接写在一起。
【例子】hardworking riversideheadache upstairs（2）用连字符（-）连接【例子】green-housemiddle-agedfive-year-oldman-made（3）由两个分开的词构成【例子】school boyworld widecredit cardtraffic lights典例写出学过的合成词答案：football bedroom policeman fast food polar bear five-meter-long3. 合成的方式（1）名词合成词（合成的词是名词）1）名词+名词horseback 马背 basketball 篮球classroom 教室 newspaper 报纸2）形容词+名词blackboard 黑板green-house 温室gentleman 绅士loudspeaker 扩音器3）动词+名词break-water 挡浪板 driveway 马路pick pocket 扒手 typewriter打字机4）副词+名词over coat 大衣 underclothes内衣5）动名词＋名词reading-room阅览室 hiding-place 藏身处6）介词＋名词afternoon下午 underground 地下7）名词＋介词＋名词editor-in-chief总编辑 father-in-law 岳父8）名词+动词daybreak黎明 handshake 握手典例用下面的词填空1. ’s bright and sunny2. I’m late because there was a __________ in the center of the city.3. She didn’t go to see the film because she couldn’t find a ________ for the children.4. My _________ didn’t ring this morning and I didn’t wake up.5. Jake Chan is a famous ___________.答案：1. sunglasses 2. traffic jam 3. baby-sister 4. alarm clock 5. film star思路分析：合成词的意思就是两个词意思的组合。
构词法精讲精练安徽崔怀金英语的构词法主要有三种：合成法，派生法和转换法。
一、合成法两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词叫合成词。
常见的有合成形容词，合成名词，合成动词。
1. 合成名词名词+名词：spaceship宇宙飞船；airplane飞机；football 足球；bedroom卧室；chairman主席；firewood柴火；girlfriend 女友；housewife家庭主妇；hometown 家乡；moon-cake月饼；southeast东南方；sunlight阳光；shopkeeper店主；seafood 海鲜；fireman 消防队员。
名词+介词+名词: son-in-law女婿；mother-in-law婆母/岳母；stander-by旁观者。
名词+动名词：handwriting手写；machine-building机械制造； sun-bathing 阳光浴。
动名词+名词：waiting-room候车/诊室；reading-room阅览室； sleeping-pill 安眠药。
形容词+名词：highway公路；blackboard黑板；blueprint蓝图；double-talk 含糊其词；best-seller畅销书；gentleman绅士；shortwave短波；wildlife野生动物。
动词+名词：washroom厕所；crybaby 爱哭诉的人；watchdog看门狗。
名词+动词：daybreak黎明/拂晓；sunrise日出；sunset日落；haircut 理发；waterfall瀑布；rainfall降雨/降雨量；handshake握手；home-produce国产的；headache头疼。
动词+副词：get-together聚会；break-through突破；turn-off断开。
副词+动词：outbreak爆发；output输出；input输入。
介词/副词+名词：afternoon下午；by-product副产品。
构词法考点聚焦和精讲【中考构词法考点聚焦】1、转化法；2、派生法；3、合成法；4、截短法(缩略法)；5、混合法(混成法)；6、首尾字母缩略法。
英语的构词法主要有：转化法、派生法、合成法、截短法(缩略法)、混合法(混成法)和首尾字母缩略法。
一转化法在英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词：很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下①)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下①)。
①Let’s go out for a . 我们到外面去散步吧。
①Let’s have a . 咱们游泳吧。
①He is a man of strong . 他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
2. 名词转化为动词：很多表示物件(如下①)，身体部位(如下①)，某类人(如下①)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下①)也可作动词，①Did you a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗？①Please me the book. 请把那本书递给我。
①She her husband back to health. 她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
①We together. 我们在一起吃了午餐。
3. 形容词转化为动词：有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
1.We will try our best to our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
2.He down at the crossroad. 他在十字路口减速。
3.Please up the cold meat. 请把冷肉热一下。
4. 副词转化为动词：有少数副词可转化为动词。
Murder will . (谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5. 形容词转化为名词：表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，做主语时，谓语用复数(如下①)。
初中英语构词法基本知识讲解-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1初中英语构词法基本知识讲解（一）常用前缀：1.形容词前加“un-”、“il-”、“im-”、“in”或“ir”，表示相反的意思。
如：happy（高兴）-unhappy（不高兴），lucky（幸运）--unlucky（不幸），able（能）--unable（不能），countable（可数的）—uncountable（不可数的） possible（可能的）--impossible（不可能的）；fair（公平）--unfair（不公平），like（像）--unlike（不像）；legal（合法的）--illegal（不合法的），logical（合符逻辑的）--illogical（不合符逻辑的）；direct（直接的）--indirect（间接的）moveable（可移动的）--immovable（不可移动的）， complete（完全的）--incomplete（不完全的），dependent（需要依靠的）--independent（独立的）；regular（规则的）--irregular（不规则的），removable（可移动的）--irremovable（不可移动的）。
2.动词前加“dis-”表示相反的意思。
如：like--dislike， cover--discover，agree--disagree。
3.动词前加“mis-”表示“弄错”的意思。
如：count--miscount，take--mistake，hear--mishear。
4.动词前加“re-”表示“重做”的意思。
如：write--rewrite，tell--retell，open--reopen，call--recall，build--rebuild。
5.名词前加“tele-”表示“远距离”的意思。
如：phone--telephone，vision--television，scope--telescope。
初二英语寒假复习（一）：构词法北京实验版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：寒假复习（一）：构词法二. 重点、难点构词法（派生词）三. 教学目标：通过本讲的学习，使学生能够掌握一定的构词能力，以扩大学生们的词汇量。
四. 重点知识讲解：（一）词的派生1. 派生词多数是由词根加后缀构成的。
1）+后缀→名词a. –er: worker cleaner maker teacherb. –or: visitor sailor inventor actorc. –ist: scientist artist pianistd. –ess: actress waitresse. –ee: employee trainee referee trusteef. –ian: musician Canadian Australiang. –ness: illness happiness greatness coldnessh. –(a)tion: dictation reparation exception invitationi. –ment: movement development arguementj. –ion: discussion revision decisionk. –ing: building feeling painting weddingl. –ship: friendship relationship scholarshipm. –ence: difference dependence confidence referencen. –ance: allowance acceptance assistanceo. –th: truth warmth health lengthp. –y: modesty difficulty safetyq. –ure: failure pleasure pressure2）+后缀→形容词：a. –ful: cheerful useful grateful faithfulb. –less: careless homeless fearless hopelessc. –ish: Swedish selfishd. –ive: active collective decisive destructivee. –ous: dangerous famous continuous courageous variousf. –able: acceptable agreeable forgettable applicable comfortableg. –ible: sensible responsible permissible possibleh. –y: rainy snowy foggy dirtyi. –some: troublesome burdensome lonesome handsomej. –al: critical physical chemical medical classicalk. –en: golden wooden woolenl. –ed: landed excited interested surprisedm. –ly: friendly lively daily3）+后缀→动词：–ize: recognize apologize realize normalize–en: widen basten frighten–fy: simplify beautify satisfy4）+后缀→副词–ly: really happily simply difficultly completely5）+后缀→数词–teen: fourteen fifteen eighteen–ty: forty thirty fifty ninety–th: fourth ninth twelfth2. +前缀一般不造成词类的转变，只是引起意思上的变化，前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。
1）un–: unhappy untrue uncomfortable unforgettable2）dis–: dislike disagree discover discourage3）im–: impolite impossible4）ir–: irregular irresponsible5）re–: retell renew rewrite return repeat6）mis–: misspell misunderstand7）super–: superman supermarket superstar8）micro–: microfilm microbiology microcomputer microsoft3. 合成词：合成形容词：good–tempered peace–loving everydaygood–looking widespread face–to–facefine–sounding well –known ready–madehard–working duty–free high –class airsick合成名词：bloodtest handwriting classroom classmatewaiting –room get–together bedroom handcuffssleeping–pills sun–bathing headteacher handbagpickpocket waterfall watermelon waterway【典型例题】一、按例词要求写出下列单词：1）drive——driver: play ——_________ teach——_________kill ——_________ light ——_________ build ——_________clean——_________ farm——_________2）danger——dangerous: vary——_________ fame——_________nerve——_________3）cloud——cloudy: mist ——_________ sun——_________thirst——_________ sleep——_________ dirt——_________fun——_________ luck——_________4）class——classical: magic——_________ politic ——_________logic——_________5）magic——magician: music——_________ Italy ——_________India——_________6）diligence ——diligent: difference ——_________ confidence——_________independence——_________ importance——_________II. 将下列词合成合成词并写出中文意思class water snow mate traffic search ball light washing tea world spoon machine wide cross pass dream walk word land melon head master（1）__________ ___________ （2）__________ ___________（3）__________ ___________ （4）__________ ___________（5）__________ ___________ （6）__________ ___________（7）__________ ___________ （8）__________ ___________（9）__________ ___________ （10）__________ ___________（11）__________ ___________ （12）__________ ___________【模拟试题】（答题时间：60 分钟）一. 用所给词的适当形式填空：1. This girl is very hardworking, so she is _________ (hope) to entre the college in the future.2. Ketty is so excited that she can ’t wait to _________ (wrap) the package.3. It is very _________ (danger) for children to play with fire.4. Bill Gates is never afraid of _________ (difficult).5. What about this sweater, it ’s _________ (wool).6. Tom is a _________ (care) boy. He often makes mistakes in his homework.7. Thomas Edison is a great _________ (invent). He invented many things which we are usingat present.8. Because of his _________ (ill), he didn ’t come to school yesterday.9. The foreigners are surprised at the _________ (develop) of our country.10. This wonderful trip is _________ (forgettable) for me.二. 单项选择：1. Taking buses in Beijing is much _________ than before.A. cheapB. cheaperC. cheapestD. the cheapest2. ——Is this your dictionary, Jack?——Yes, it’s _________. Thank you for helping me find it.A. mineB. hersC. hisD. yours3. I’m sorry to keep you _________ so long. I won ’t be late next time.A. waitB. waitedC. to waitD. waiting4. ——You look so _________, don ’t you?——Yes, I’ve got a birthday present.A. happyB. sadC. tiredD. worried5. Mike is only 15 years old. He is not _________ to get a driver license.A. young enoughB. enough oldC. old enoughD. enough young6. ——Do you know who invented the telephone?——Sorry, I don’t know, but I know it _________ in 1876.A. inventedB. was inventedC. inventsD. inventing7. When he _________ home, he saw his mother cleaning the room.A. got upB. got backC. got onD. got in8. ——I have a cold.——Maybe you should see a _________.A. doctorB. driverC. teacherD. reporter9. Don ’t _________ the radio. The baby is sleeping.A. turn offB. turn onC. turn overD. turn down10. Mum, I ’m thirsty. Will you please give me some _________?A. pencilsB. waterC. cakeD. books.III. 完形填空：Keeping love is to give love wingsThere was once a lonely girl who wanted love very much. One day ___1___ she was walking in the forests, she found two dying birds. She took them home and put them in a small___2___. She was happy to have two “friends ”. She ___3___ t h e m l o v w e i t h a n d the birds grew strong. One day the girl happened to ___4___ the door of the cage open. The larger and the stronger of the two flew out of the cage. The girl was ___5___ that it would fly away. She caughtit quickly. She felt glad that she caught the bird before it could fly away. Suddenly she couldn ’ t ___6___ a sound from the bird. When she opened her door, the bird was already dead. Her___7___ killed the bird! Then she noticed ___8___ bird jumping up and down inside the cage. Shecould feel its great need for freedom. It wanted to fly into the clear, blue sky. So she lifted it fromthe cage and let it fly away ___9___. The bird circled once, twice, and three times. The girl___10___ as the bird flew. She wanted it to be happy. The fastest way to lose love is to hold on ittoo tightly, and the best way to keep love is to give it wings.1. A. while B. after C. before D. until2. A. box B. basket C. cage D. bag3. A. looked for B. looked atC. looked afterD. looked over4. A. forget B. leave C. lock D. close5. A. grateful B. proud C. afraid D. happy6. A. listen B. make C. feel D. hear7. A. love B. joke C. luck D. wish8. A. one B. the other C. another D. others9. A. angrily B. happily C. loudly D. highly10. A. watched B. looked C. guided D. ran awayIV. 阅读理解：AModern life is impossible without travel. The fastest way of travel is by plane. With a modern airliner( 客机) you can travel in one day to places which it took a month or more to get to a hundred years ago.Travel by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. You can see the country youare traveling through. Modern trains have comfortable seats and dining cars. They make even the longest journey enjoyable.Some people prefer to travel by sea when possible. There are large liners and river boats. You can visit many other countries and different places. Ships are not so fast as trains or planes, buttravel by sea is a very pleasant way to spend a holiday.Many people like to travel by car. You can travel three or four hundred miles or only fifty orone hundred miles a day, just as you like. You can stop wherever you wish-- where there is something interesting to see, at a good restaurant where you can enjoy a good meal, or at a hotel to spend the night. That is why traveling by car is popular for pleasure trips, while people usuallytake a train or plane when they travel on business.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
