初二英语寒假复习（一）：构词法北京实验版【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
寒假复习（一）：构词法
二. 重点、难点
构词法（派生词）
三. 教学目标：
通过本讲的学习，使学生能够掌握一定的构词能力，以扩大学生们的词汇量。
四. 重点知识讲解：
（一）词的派生
1. 派生词多数是由词根加后缀构成的。
1）+后缀→名词
a. –er: worker cleaner maker teacher
b. –or: visitor sailor inventor actor
c. –ist: scientist artist pianist
d. –ess: actress waitress
e. –ee: employee trainee referee trustee
f. –ian: musician Canadian Australian
g. –ness: illness happiness greatness coldness
h. –(a)tion: dictation reparation exception invitation
i. –ment: movement development arguement
j. –ion: discussion revision decision
k. –ing: building feeling painting wedding
l. –ship: friendship relationship scholarship
m. –ence: difference dependence confidence reference
n. –ance: allowance acceptance assistance
o. –th: truth warmth health length
p. –y: modesty difficulty safety
q. –ure: failure pleasure pressure
2）+后缀→形容词：
a. –ful: cheerful useful grateful faithful
b. –less: careless homeless fearless hopeless
c. –ish: Swedish selfish
d. –ive: active collective decisive destructive
e. –ous: dangerous famous continuous courageous various
f. –able: acceptable agreeable forgettable applicable comfortable
g. –ible: sensible responsible permissible possible
h. –y: rainy snowy foggy dirty
i. –some: troublesome burdensome lonesome handsome
j. –al: critical physical chemical medical classical
k. –en: golden wooden woolen
l. –ed: landed excited interested surprised
m. –ly: friendly lively daily
3）+后缀→动词：
–ize: recognize apologize realize normalize
–en: widen basten frighten
–fy: simplify beautify satisfy
4）+后缀→副词
–ly: really happily simply difficultly completely
5）+后缀→数词
–teen: fourteen fifteen eighteen
–ty: forty thirty fifty ninety
–th: fourth ninth twelfth
2. +前缀一般不造成词类的转变，只是引起意思上的变化，前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。
1）un–: unhappy untrue uncomfortable unforgettable
2）dis–: dislike disagree discover discourage
3）im–: impolite impossible
4）ir–: irregular irresponsible
5）re–: retell renew rewrite return repeat
6）mis–: misspell misunderstand
7）super–: superman supermarket superstar
8）micro–: microfilm microbiology microcomputer microsoft
3. 合成词：
合成形容词：
good–tempered peace–loving everyday
good–looking widespread face–to–face
fine–sounding well –known ready–made
hard–working duty–free high –class airsick
合成名词：
bloodtest handwriting classroom classmate
waiting –room get–together bedroom handcuffs
sleeping–pills sun–bathing headteacher handbag
pickpocket waterfall watermelon waterway
【典型例题】
一、按例词要求写出下列单词：
1）drive——driver: play ——_________ teach——_________
kill ——_________ light ——_________ build ——_________
clean——_________ farm——_________
2）danger——dangerous: vary——_________ fame——_________
nerve——_________
3）cloud——cloudy: mist ——_________ sun——_________
thirst——_________ sleep——_________ dirt——_________
fun——_________ luck——_________
