2016新课标三维英语 必修3 unit 4-S1

Section_ⅢGrammar—_主谓一致语法图解探究发现①Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.②Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.③Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.④Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.⑤Ten hours has passed since I came here.[我的发现](1)句①中group强调成员，故其后谓语动词用复数形式；句③中的family和句④中的group强调整体，故其后谓语动词用单数形式。

(2)句②中的主语为动名词短语，故其谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。

(3)表示时间、距离、金额、度量衡等名词作主语时，常表示一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式，如句⑤。

谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数上保持一致，这叫主谓一致。

主谓一致的应用主要有以下几种情况：一、名词作主语The public was kept in the dark about the matter.关于这件事情公众被蒙在鼓里。

The public now come to know the whole story.人们现在越来越清楚那是怎么回事了。

The football team is being rebuilt.(他们)正在重建这个足球队。

When we communicate with others, we do not only express ourselves through words, but also through our tones of voice, facial expressions and body language. In fact, many scholars believe that far more information is communicated non-verbally (非口头地). Body language is just an important part of non-verbal communication.Learning another language is more than just learning its words and grammar; it also involves learning another culture. We learn much of our body language before we learn to speak from the time we are children. Body language varies from culture to culture, so it’s important for us to pay attention.Sometimes, cultural differences in appropriate (恰当的) body language can cause discomfort or misunderstanding too. Forexample, there are definite cultural differences in how much distance should be kept between two speakers. If you are used to keeping distance with people, you will feel very uncomfortable when people get closer to you while talking at a party. We call this the “personal comfort zone”．Another common example of misunderstanding is the use of a smile. In some Asian cultures, a smile can show embarrassment (窘迫，难堪) or apology. However, smiling at a teacher who is unhappy with you is probably not a good idea in most English-speaking cultures!So it’s worth learning the cultural differences in body language. Understanding any cultural or regional attitudes can help you improve your communicative (交际的) skills.Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Pre-reading[原文呈现]COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?Yesterday, another student and I, representing① our university’s student association②，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students③. They were coming to study at Beijing University. We would take them first to their dormitories④and then to the student canteen⑤. After half an hour of waiting for their flight⑥ to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area ⑦looking around curiously⑧. I stood for a minute watching them⑨ and then went to greet them.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia⑩，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain⑪. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached⑫Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek⑬！She stepped back appearing surprised⑭and put up her hands, as if in defence⑮. I guessed that there was probably a major⑯misunderstanding⑰.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada.As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student.Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George’s moving hand.They both apologized — another cultural mistake！[读文清障]①represent/ˌreprI’zent/v t.代表；象征②association/əˌsəʊsI’eIʃn/n.社团；联系；联想现在分词短语作定语，前后有逗号隔开时，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。

Section_ⅡWarming__Up_&_Reading_—_Language_Points对应学生用书P6 一、这样记单词三、这样记句式1．(教材P1)Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time.讨论它们(中国节日)是什么时间举行，庆祝的是什么事件，人们在那天做什么事。

take place发生；举行2016.2016年夏季奥运会第一次在南美洲的里约热内卢举行。

②Great changes have_taken_place in China in the last few years.过去的几年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。

③It would be difficult to find a man to take_the_place_of him.找一个代替他的人会很难。

[名师点津]take place是不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。

2．(教材P1)At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.在那个时代，特别是在寒冷的冬月，如果食物难以找到，人们就会挨饿。

starve vi.饿死；挨饿；饿得要死；渴望；极需要vt. 使饿死；使挨饿贫困地区的数以百万计的人们正在挨饿。

②They got lost in the desert and starved to death (die)．他们因在沙漠中迷路而饿死了。

③There is no doubt that the homeless children starve for love.毫无疑问，这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。

④They starved the enemy into giving in to them.他们断绝敌人的食物来源以迫使敌人向他们投降。

Our geography teacher says the earth is onlyone of the planets of the giant solar system.Unlikeother planets, life exists on the earth, but life's originis still a puzzle.Different religions and cultures haveseparate ideas.The teacher says it may be dividedinto four stages.The first stage is about how the universebegan.A widely accepted theory can explain it.After the “Big Bang” broke out, atom began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.The second stage is how the earth formed.Between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago, clouds of dust floating in space settled into a solid globe.The earth became violent and it often exploded.The atmosphere and water appeared.Water is a fundamental matter for life to exist on the earth.It also dissolves harmful gases and acids.The third stage is about plants'and animals'appearance.At first, plants in the water appeared and multiplied.They produced oxygen, which encouraged animals in the water to ter, green plants on the land caused animals on the land to appear.They first laid eggs and became ter, mammals gave birth to babies directly.The last stage is that humans became the most important animals on the earth.We put too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to cause global warming.We must watch out how things will go and make laws to prevent the earth from becoming too hot.Now that we have taken measures, we will succeed in time.So let's cheer up and work together.我们的地理老师说地球只是广阔的太阳系中的一颗行星而已。

Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language[原文呈现]ENGLISH JOKES1．(1)C：What’s that fly doing in my soup?W：Swimming, I think！①(2)C：What’s that?W：It’s bean soup.C：I don’t want to know what it’s been. I want to know what it is now.②(3)C：Waiter, will the pancakes③ be long?W：No, sir. Round.④2．Sherlock Holmes⑤ and Doctor Watson went camping⑥ in a mountainous area⑦. They were lying in the open air⑧ under the stars. Sherlock Holmes looked up at⑨the stars and whispered○10，“Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of？”Watson replied，“I think of⑪how short life is and how long the universe has lasted⑫.”“No, no, Watson！” Holmes said.“What do you really think of？” Watson tried again.“I think of how small I am and how vast⑬the sky is.”“Try again, Watson！” said Holmes. Watson tried a third time⑭.“I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be in their beds.” Holmes said，“Watson, you fool⑮！Y ou should be thinking that someone has stolen our tent！”[读文清障]第一部分为餐馆笑话，是发生在顾客与服务员之间机智、幽默的对话。

Unit 4 Astronomy: thescience of the starsContents 目录一、单元教学目标和要求(Teaching aims and demands)二、教材内容分析(Analysis of the teaching materials)三、单元预习任务(Pre-unit task）四、教学安排(Teaching arrangements)五、教学步骤(Teaching procedures)六、背景参考资料(Background knowledge)七、评价与反思(Assessment and reflection)一、教学目标和要求(Teaching aims and demands)根据《英语新课程标准》（实验稿）关于总目标的具体描述，结合高一学生实际和教材内容，我们将教学目标分为语言知识、语言技能、学习策略、情感态度、文化意识五个方面。

1．语言知识（Knowledge）词汇（Vocabulary）：能理解、内化、运用以下生词--atmosphere, violent--violence, solid, explode, oxygen, surface, planet, harmful—harm, development—develop, spread, method, presence, telescope, disappointed, force, gradually, float, mass,短语(Phrases and expressions)：the solar system, in time, carbon dioxide, prevent… from, depend on, cheer up, now that, break out,功能(Functions)：学习掌握一些用于陈述问题及给予意见的结构，如：My problem/ trouble is……? The difficulty / question is…My advice/ suggestion is…What I think about it is…Please pay attention to…Make sure you …Watch out for…语法(Grammar)：掌握和运用主语从句。

Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language [原文呈现][读文清障]COME AND EAT HERE (2)A week later, Wang Peng's restaurant was nearly full and he felt happier. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living①after all②and not have to close his restaurant. He did not look forward to being③in debt④because his restaurant was no longer⑤popular. He smiled as he welcomed some customers warmly at the door but the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in⑥. She did not look happy but glared⑦at him. “May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day⑧？I thought you were a new customer⑨and now I know that you only came to spy on⑩me and my menu，”she shouted. “Please excuse me，”he calmly explained, “I wanted to know where all my customers had gone last week. I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant. I don't want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited⑪that⑫I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits⑬of my food. Why don't you sit down and try a meal？”①earn one's living谋生也可以说make a/one's living。

Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language[原文呈现][读文清障]THE MILLION POUND BANKNOTEAct Ⅰ，Scene 4(OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheen v e lope w ithoutop-eningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdo w natatable①nextto②thefront w indo w.) OWNER：(seeingHenry'spoorappearance) That one's reserved③. This way, please. (tothe w aiter) Take this gentleman's order④，Horace.HENRY：(aftersittingdo w nandputtingtheletteronthetabl e) I'd like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak⑤. Make it extra thick⑥. I'd also like a cup of coffee and a pineappledessert⑦.WAITER：Right, sir. I'm afraid it'll cost a large amount of⑧ money.HENRY：I understand. And I'll have a large glass of⑨ beer.WAITER：OK. (The w aiterlea v esandsoonreturns w ithallthefoo d.)HOSTESS：My goodness！⑩Why⑪，look at him. He eats like a wolf. ①at a table在桌旁at table在吃饭；在进餐②next to与……相邻；几乎③That one's reserved.那张桌子有人订了。

Section_ⅢGrammar—情态动词(Ⅰ)语法图解探究发现①Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.②Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.③Most ancient festival would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.④For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.[我的发现]以上四个句子都使用了情态动词。

其中，第①句中的can表示许可，意为“可以”；第②句中的might表示推测，意为“可能会”；第③句中的would表示过去习惯性动作，意为“过去常会”；第④句中的should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”。

一、基本特征1．情态动词有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。

She can speak English though she is six.尽管她才6岁她会说英语。

2．情态动词一般无人称和数的变化，个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。

They must be in the classroom.他们一定在教室里。

3．构成否定句时，not放在其后面。

The young man can't carry the big stone.这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。

4．情态动词后接动词原形。

You will do as I told you.你得照我说的去做。