反垄断法英语词汇表

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照A Note on the Incoterms（国际贸易术语通则解释）Absolute Advantage(亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论)Acceptance with Modifications（对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺）Acceptance（承诺/受盘）Act of State Doctrine（国家行为主义）Act of the Parties （当事人的行为）Administrative Management （经营管理）Advising and Confirming Letters of Credit（信用证的通知和确认）Agent for International Settlements（国际结算代理人）Agreement of the Parties（协议选择原则）Agriculture（农业协定）Alternative Dispute Resolution （ADR解决方式）Anticipatory Breach in Common Law （普通法上预期违约）Antidumping Authority（反倾销机构）Applicability of the CISG (CISG的适用范围)Application of Home State Labor Laws Extraterritorially（内国劳工法律域外适用）Applying for a Letter of Credit（信用证的申请）Approval of Foreign Investment Applications（外国投资申请的批准）Arbitrage（套汇）Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses （仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款）Arbitration Tribunals（仲裁机构）Artistic Property Agreements（保护文学艺术作品的协定）Artistic Property Agreements（文学艺术品产权协定）Assignment（合同权利转让）Attorney-General（法律总顾问）Automatic Dissolution （自动散伙）Average Clauses（海损条款）Avoidance（解除）Bank Deposits（银行储蓄）Bases of Income Taxation（所得税的征税依据/基础）Battle of the Forms（形式上的分歧／冲突）Bills of Lading （提单）Branch Banking（银行的分支机构）Business Form and Registered Capital （企业形式和注册资本）Business Forms（商业组织形式）Buyer's Remedies（买方可以采取的救济措施）Carriage of Goods by Air（航空货物运输）Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine Cargo Insurance（海上货物运输及其保险）Carrier's Duties under a Bill of Lading（在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务）Carrier's Immunities（承运人责任/义务的豁免）Cartels (企业联合/卡特尔)Categories of Investment Projects （外国投资的项目类别）Charterparties （租船合同）Charterparties by Demise （光船出租合同）China's Fundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments （中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策）Choosing the Governing Law（准据法的选择）CIF (cost, insurance and freight) (port of destination) （ＣＩＦ成本＼保险费加运费付至指定的目的港）Civil Law (民法法系)Clearance and Settlement Procedures（交换和转让程序）Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks（银行跟单托收）Commercial Arbitration （国际商事仲裁）Commodity Arrangements（初级产品/农产品安排）Common Enterprise Liability（企业的一般责任）Common Law (普通法系)Common Procedures in Handling Bills of Exchange （汇票处理的一般程序）Common Stock （股票）Company Taxpayers（公司/法人企业纳税人）Comparative Advantage(大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论)Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系的比较研究) Compensation for Winding up （清算补偿）Comprehensive Agreements （综合性的协定）Compulsory Licenses（强制许可）Computation of Income（收入计算）Conformity of Goods（与合同约定相符合的货物）Consent to the Jurisdiction of the Host State（给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意）Consideration in Common Law（英美法上的对价）Contemporary International Trade Law（当代国际贸易法）Contract Law for the International Sale of Goods（国际货物销售合同法）Contract Liability of the Agent （代理人的合同义务）Contract Liability of the Principal （委托人的合同义务）Contractual Issues Excluded from the Coverage of CISG（排除在CISG适用范围之外的合同问题）Copyrights （著作权/版权）Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（与知识产权有关的理事会）Coverage of Tax Treaties（税收条约的覆盖范围）Creation of Agency （代理创立）Creditors of Partners（合伙人的债权人）Currency Crises: The Role of Monetary Policy（金融危机：货币政策的作用与地位）Currency Exchange Obligations of IMF Member States（国际货币基金组织成员国在外汇交易中的义务）Currency Exchange（外汇交易）Currency Support（资金/财政援助）Custom（习惯）Customs Valuation（海关估价协定）Debt Securities （债券）Decision Making within the WTO（WTO内部决定作出机制）Deficiencies in the GA TT 1947 Dispute Process （关税及贸易总协定1947争端解决程序的不足）Definite Sum of Money or Monetary Unit of Account（确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位）Definition and Special Features（定义和特征）Delayed Bills of Lading（提单迟延）Denial of Justice（司法不公）Development Banks （发展银行）Direct Effect（直接效力）Direct Exporting(直接出口)Directors' and Officer's Duties to the Corporation（董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务）Dispute Settlement（争端的解决）Dissolution by Agreement （协议解散）Dissolution by Court Order （依法院令状散伙）Dissolution of the Partnership （散伙）Distribution of Earnings and Recovery of Investments （收入分配和投资回收）Distribution to Shareholders （红利分配权）Doctrine of Imputability (归责原则)Documentary Formalities（文本格式要求）Double Taxation Provision（双重征税的规定）Double Taxation（双重征税）Duress （胁迫行为）Duties of Agent and Principal （代理人和委托人的义务）Duties of Agent to Principal （委托人的义务）Duties of Principal to Agent （代理人、的义务）Duty of Care in Partnership Business（对合伙事务尽心看护义务）Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith （忠诚和诚信义务）Effectiveness of an Offer（邀约/发盘的效力）Employment Laws in the European Union（欧洲联盟雇佣/劳工法）Employment Standards of the Organization for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment（经济合作与发展组织雇佣/劳工标准）Enforcement of Exchange Control Regulations of IMF Member States（国际货币基金组织成员国对外汇交易管理规则的履行）Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the People's Republic of China （在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行）Enforcement of Foreign Judgment （外国法院判决的执行）Enforcement of Partnership Rights and Liabilities（执行合伙事务的权利和责任）Enforcement of Securities Regulations Internationally（国际证券规则的执行）Environmental Regulation（环境规则）Escape Clause（免责条款）Euro-currency Deposits（欧洲货币储蓄）European Communities - Regime for the Importation, Sale, and Distribution of Bananas（欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理）European Union Law on Trade in Services（欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律）Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in Civil Law （大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权）Exceptions（例外）Exclusive Licenses（独占许可）Excuses for Non-performance （不履行的免责）Excuses for Nonperformance（不履行合同的抗辩/借口）Exemptions for New Members from IMF Member State Currency Exchange Obligations（国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除）Export Restrictions (出口限制)Exporting(出口)Expropriation（征收）Extraterritorial Application of U. S. Securities Laws（美国证券法域外的适用问题）Failure to Exhaust remedies（没有用尽法律救济）Fault and Causation（过错和因果关系）Finance Ministry（财政部）Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)Financing Foreign Trade（对外贸易的价金支付）FOB (free on hoard) (port of shipment)（ＦＯＢ装运港船上交货）Force Majeure Clauses （不可抗力条款）Foreign Investment Guarantees（外国投资的担保）Foreign Investment Laws and Codes（外国投资法）Formal and Informal Application Process（正式和非正式申请程序）Formation of the Contract（合同的成立）Forsed Endorsements（虚假背书）Fraud Exception in Letters of Credit Transaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外) Frauds on Bills of Lading（提单欺诈）Fraudulent Misrepresentation（受欺诈的误解）Free Zones（保税区/自由贸易区）Fundamental Breach（根本违约）GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments（服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺）General Agreement on Trade in Services (服务贸易总协定)General Requirements and Rights of the Holder in Due Course（票据持有人的一般要求和权利）General Standards of Performance（履行的一般标准）Geographic Limitations（地区限制）Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制)Government Guarantees（政府担保）Governmental Interest（政府利益原则）Governmental Sources of Capital（官方资金）Grant Back Provisions（回授的规定）Home state Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（本国对跨国企业的管理）Host State Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（东道国对跨国企业的管理）Illegality and Incompetency（行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定）IMF "Conditionality"(国际货币基金组织的制约性)IMF Facilities（国际货币基金组织的机制）IMF Operations（国际货币基金组织的运作）IMF Quotas（国际货币基金的份额）Immunities of States from the Jurisdiction of Municipal Courts（国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权）Import-Licensing Procedures（进口许可证程序协定）Income Categories（收入分类）Income Tax Rates（所得税税率）Income Taxes（所得税）Independence Principles and Rule of Strict Compliance （信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则）Indirect Exporting(间接出口)Industrial Property Agreements （保护工业产权的协定）Innocent Misrepresentation（因无知的误解）Inquiry（调查）Insider Trading Regulations（内幕交易规则）Insurance Cover （保险范围）Integration of Company and Personal Income Taxes（公司和个人所得税的征收）Intellectual Property Right Law （知识产权法）International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes （解决投资争端国际中心）International Commercial Dispute Settlement （国际商事争端的解决）International Court of Justice （海牙联合国国际法院）International Factoring （国际保理）International Franchising(国际特许经营权)International Labor Standards（国际劳工标准）International Licensing Agreement(国际许可证协议)International Licensing Agreements （国际许可证协定）International Model Law(国际示范法)International Organizations(国际组织)International Persons（国际法主体）International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms(国际贸易术语解释通则) International Trade Customs and Usages(国际贸易惯例和习惯)International Treaties and Conventions(国际条约和公约) International Tribunals （国际法庭）Interpreting of the CISG (CISG的解释)Invitation Offer （要约邀请／要约引诱／询盘）Involuntary Dissolution （非自愿解散）Issuance of Securities（证券发行）Jurisdiction and Venue （管辖权和法院地）Jurisdiction in Civil Cases（民事案件的管辖权）Jurisdiction in Criminal Cases（刑事案件的管辖权）Know-how （技术秘密/专有技术）Lack of Genuine Link（缺乏真实的联系）Lack of Nationality（无国籍）Lack of Standing（身份不明）Law Applicable to Letters of Credit （调整信用证的法律）Law of Foreign Investment Enterprises of China （中国的外商投资企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures（中华人民共和国中外合作企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Equity Joint Ventures （中华人民共和国中外合资企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Capital Enterprises（中华人民共和国外资企业法）Legal Characteristics （定义和法律特征）Legal Structure of the WTO （世界贸易组织的法律框架）Legal System of International Business(国际商事的法律体系)Letters of Credit (L/C)（信用证）Liabilities of Makers, Drawers, Drawees, Endorsers and Accommodation Parties （票据制作人、出票人、付款人、背书人、代发人/担保人的责任）Liability for Environmental Damage（环境损害责任）Liability Limits（承运人责任/义务的限制）Licensing Regulations（许可证制度）Limitations on Foreign Equity（外国投资的资金比例限制）Limitations on the Excuses That Drawers and Makers Can Use to Avoid PayingOff a Bill or Note 661 （票据制作人、出票人拒绝付款借口的限制）Liquidated Damages （约定的损害赔偿金）Liquidation （清算）Maintaining Monetary Value（维护币值稳定）Major Principles of GATT 1994（关税及贸易总协定1947的主要原则）Marine Insurance Policies and Certificates （海运保险单和证书）Maritime Insurance（海运保险）Maritime Liens （留置权）Means of Delivery（根据交付方式）Mediation（调停/调解）Membership（成员）Memorandums of Understanding（谅解备忘录）Methods of Investment Contribution（出资方式）Mini-trial （模拟审判方式）Miscellaneous Taxes（混杂的，各种各样的税）Misrepresentation（误解）Mixed Sales（混合销售）Modification of Foreign In vestment Agreements（外国投资协议的修改）Money and Banking(货币与金融)Monopoly Control Authority (反垄断机构)Most Significant Relationship（最密切联系原则）Most-favored-nation Treatment （最惠国待遇原则）Movement of Workers（劳工流动）Multilateral Investment Guaranty Programs（多边投资担保计划／安排）Multilateral Trade Agreements（多边贸易协定）Multilateral Trade Negotiations （多边贸易谈判）Multinational Enterprise（跨国企业）Municipal Courts（国内法院的实践）Municipal Legal Systems（内国法系）National Foreign Investment Policies（内国的外国投资政策）National Investment Guarantee Programs（内国／国家投资担保计划／安排）National Law(国内法)National Monetary Systems（国内金融/货币体系）National Treatment （国民待遇原则）Nationality Principle（国籍原则）Negligent (innocent) Misrepresentation（因疏忽的误解）Negotiability of Bills and Negotiability of Notes（可流通的汇票和可流通的本票）Negotiation (谈判，议付)Noncompetition Clauses（限制竞争条款）Nondiscrimination（非歧视原则）Nonimputable Acts（免责行为）Nontariff Barriers to Trade(非关税贸易壁垒)Nonwrongful Dissolution （非不法原因散伙）Objections（异议）Obligations of the Parties （当事人各方的义务）Obligations of the Seller and the Buyer （买卖双方的合同义务）Offer （要约／发盘）Operation of Law （法律的原因而终止）Operational Reviews（营业审查）Opting In and Out（加入和退出）Organization of the IMF（国际货币基金组织的机构）Organizations Affiliated with the United Nations(联合国的相关组织) Overseas Private Investment Corporation（海外私人投资公司的案件）Parent Company（母公司）Passing of Property （产权的转移）Passing of Risk （风险的转移）Patents （专利权）Payable on Demand or at a Definite Time（付款要求或者在指定的付款时间）Payment of the Price（支付价款）Penalties for Noncompliance（对于不遵守法规的处罚）Perils and Losses（保险危险和损失）Persons Immune from Taxation（个人所得税的免除）Piercing the Corporate Veil（普通法上揭开公司的面纱/大陆法上公司人格否认原则）Place for Delivery（交付的地点）Post -Termination Relationship（代理终止后的有关问题）Powers during Winding up （合伙人在清算过程中的权力/权利）Practices and Usages（交易习惯和商业惯例）Preemption（先买权/优先权）Preshipment Inspection（装运前检验协定）Price-Fixing（定价）Private Insurers（私人／商业保险）Private Sources of Capital（私人资金）Products Liability Laws（产品质量法）Promissory Notes（本票）Promoter of International Monetary Cooperation（国际金融合作的促进者）Promoters（公司的发起人）Protection of Natural Resources（自然资源的保护）Protection of Subsidiaries（分支机构的保护制度）Protection of Workers' Rights by the Council of Europe（欧洲理事会关于劳工权利的保护）Protection through Tariffs（关税保护）Proving Foreign Law（外国法的查明）Provisions Governing Trade in Services in the North American Free Trade Agreement （北美自由贸易区协定中关于服务贸易的规定）Quality Controls（质量控制）Quantity and Field-of-Use Restrictions（对数量和使用领域的限制）Recognition and Enforcement of Awards （仲裁裁决的承认和执行）Recognition of Foreign Judgments（外国裁决的承认）Refusal to Exercise Jurisdiction（拒绝执行管辖权）Regional and International Development Agencies（区域性和国际性发展机构）Regional Integration（区域联合）Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor（区域性政府间关于劳工的规定）Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services（关于服务贸易的区域性政府间管理规则）Regional Monetary Systems（区域性金融体系）Regulation of Foreign Workers（外籍员工的的管理规定）Regulation of Pollution（防止污染规则）Relief（救济、赔偿）Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers（买卖双方都可以采取的救济措施）Remedies for Breach of Contract（违反合同的救济）Requests for Specific Performance（要求继续/特定履行）Residency Principle（居住地原则）Restrictions on Research and Development（对技术研究和发展的限制）Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of Intellectual Property Rights（知识产权保护期满后应用的限制）Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of the Licensing Agreement（知识产权使用许可合同期满后应用的限制）Right to Compensation （主张赔偿的权利）Rights and Duties （权利与义务）Rights and Responsibilities of Beneficiaries（收款人/收益人的权利与义务）Rights and Responsibilities of the Account Party（付款人/信用证帐户申请人的权利与义务）Rules of Origin（原产地规则）Rules of Private International Law（国际私法规则）Safeguards（保障措施协定）Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeasures（卫生与植物卫生措施协定）Scope and Coverage of GA TT 1947 and GA TT 1994 （关税及贸易总协定1947和1994文本的调整范围）Screening Foreign Investment Applications（对外国投资申请的筛选/审查）Sectoral Limitations（行业/部门限制）Securities and Exchange Commission（证券交易委员会）Securities Exchanges （证券交易所）Securities Regulations（证券规章）Seller's Obligations（卖方的义务）Seller's Remedies（卖方可以采取的救济措施）Settlement of Disputes between ILO Member States（国际劳工组织成员国之间争端的解决）Settlement of Disputes between Intergovernmental Organizations and Their Employees （政府间国际组织与它的雇员之间争端的解决）Settlement of Disputes in International Tribunals（在国际法庭解决争端）Settlement of Disputes in Municipal Courts（内国法院的争端解决途径）Settlement of Disputes through Diplomacy（通过外交途径解决争端）Settlement of Disputes through Municipal Courts （通过内国法院解决国际商事争端）Shareholders' Inspection and Information Rights（股东的监督和知情权）Shareholders' Lawsuits （股东的诉权）Shareholders' Meetings（股东会议/大会）Shareholders' Rights and Liabilities （股东的权利和责任）Sharp Practices （欺诈行为）Signed by the Maker or Drawer（票据制作人或者出票人签名）Source Principle（税收发生来源原则）Sources of Corporate Financing （公司资本的来源）Sources of Foreign Investment Law of China （中国外国投资法的渊源）Sources of International Business Law(国际商法的渊源)Sources of International Law（国际法的渊源）Sources of Investment （投资范围）Sovereign or State Immunity（国家主权豁免）Specialization(国际分工专门化)Standard of Care(给予外国人的待遇/关照标准)Start-Up Standards（设立标准）State Responsibility（国家责任）Statements and Conduct of the Parties（当事人的陈述和行为）Statutory Choice-of-Law Provisions （强制选择条款）Structure of the WTO（WTO的组织结构）Subordinate Business Structures（商业分支机构）Subsidies and Countervailing Measures（补贴与反补贴措施协定）Supervision of Foreign Investment（外国投资的监管）Supreme Court Decision（最高法院的裁决）Systems for Relief from Double Taxation（避免双重征税的救济体制）Takeover Regulations（接管/收购规则）Taking Delivery（接受交付）Tariff-based Import Restriction （约束进口关税）Tariffs(关税)Tax Avoidance（避税）Tax Evasion（逃税）Tax Incentives (税收激励)Tax Sparing（节税）Tax Treaties（税收条约）Taxation（税收）Taxpayers（纳税人）Technical Barriers to Trade（贸易的技术壁垒）Technology Transfer(技术转让)Termination of an Agency （代理的终止）Termination of Corporations （公司的终止）Territorial Restrictions（地区限制）Textiles and Clothing（纺织品和服装协定）The Acceptance（承诺／受盘）The Administrative Discretion of Screening Authorities（筛选/监管机构的管理权）The Anglo-American Common Law System(普通法系或者英美法系)The Applicable Procedure Law （应用的程序法）The Applicable Substantive Law（应用的实体法）The Bank for International Settlements（巴塞尔国际清算银行）The Bill of Exchange（汇票）The Board of Directors （董事会）The Bretton Woods System（布雷敦森林体系）The Business Form（商业组织形式）The Buyer's Right to Avoid the Contract（买方解除合同的权利）The Central Bank（中央银行）The Choice of Money（货币的选择）The Convention on Insider Trading（内幕交易的公约）The Drafting of the CISG(CISG的起草)the Economic Globalization （经济全球化）The Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations（乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判结果的最后文本）The Foreign Exchange Market（外汇交易市场）The Founding of GATT（关税及贸易总协定的成立）The Framework Agreement（协定的框架）The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（关税及贸易总协定）The Importance of the Separate Legal Identity of Juridical Entities（跨国企业作为拥有独立法律地位的实体之重要性）The Interbank Deposit Market（银行间的储蓄市场）The International Labor Organization（国际劳工组织）The International Monetary Fund（国际货币基金组织）The International Standard(国际待遇/标准)The International Transfer of Intellectual Property（工业产权的国际转让）The Islamic Law System （伊斯兰法系）The Law Governing Bills of Exchange （调整汇票的法律制度）The Law of Agency （国际商事代理法）The Making of International Law （国际法的构成）The National Standard(国民待遇/标准)The Negotiation and Transfer of Bills and Notes（票据权利的转让和背书转让）The Obligations of Banks（银行的义务/责任）The Principal Characteristics（基本特征）The Role of Banks in Collecting and Paying Negotiable Instruments（银行在可流通票据的托收和付款中的角色）The Roman-Germanic Civil Law System(大陆法系或者罗马日耳曼法系)The Scope of International Law in Actual Practice （实践中国际法的范围）The Subordinate Structure（分支结构）The Transfer of Money（货币转移）The Turning Over of Documents（交付与货物有关的单证）The Uruguay Round（乌拉圭回合）The Value of Money（币值）The World Trade Organization (WTO) （世界贸易组织）The WTO Agreement （WTO协定）Third Party Relations of the Principal and the Agent （与委托人和代理人有关的第三人）Third-Party Claims and Personal Injuries（第三方的权利和人身伤害）Third-Party Rights (Himalaya Clause)（第三方的权利----喜玛拉亚条款）Time Charterparties （定期租船合同）Time for Delivery （交付的时间）Time Limitations（时效）Trade Barriers （贸易壁垒）Trade in Goods(货物贸易)Trade Liberalization Through Cooperation （通过合作实现贸易自由化）Trade Policy Review（贸易政策评审机制）Trade Terms（贸易术语）Trademarks（商标权）Trade-Related Investment Measures（与贸易有关的投资措施协定）Trading in Securities （证券交易）Transactions Covered in CISG（CISG适用的交易范围）Transnational Organized Labor（有组织的跨境服务的劳工）Transparency(透明度)Treaties and Conventions（条约和公约）Trial Court Decision（初等法院的裁决）Turnover Taxes（流转/交易税）Tying Clauses（搭售条款）Unconditional Promise or Order to Pay（无条件的付款承诺和要求）Unfair Competition Laws（不正当竞争法）UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC)(国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则,简称PICC)United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)(联合国国际货物销售合同公约,简称CISG)Validity and Formation of International Sale of Contracts（国际货物销售合同的成立和效力）Visas（签证）V oyage Charterparties （航次租船合同）Waivers（让渡、放弃）Winding Up （合伙清算）World Intellectual Property Organization（世界知识产权组织）World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Procedures（世界贸易组织争端解决机制）Wrongful Dissolution （不法原因散伙）WTO Antidumping Agreement （世界贸易组织反倾销协议）WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures（世界贸易组织的争端解决程序）。

简明反垄断法法英文指南Promoting Competition,Protecting Consumers:A Plain English Guide to Antitrust LawsTABLE OF CONTENTSPrefaceAn Antitrust PrimerIllegal Business PracticesMaintaining or Creating a MonopolyMergersPrice DiscriminationFrequently Asked QuestionsKeeping Markets Competitive简明反托拉斯法英文指南目录：序言反托拉斯入门非法商事行为维持和引发垄断合并价格歧视常见问题保持市场竞争性Preface序言：The Bureau of Competition of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) share responsibility for enforcing laws that promote competition in the marketplace. Competition benefits consumers by keeping prices low and the quality of goods and services high.联邦贸易委员会竞争署和司法部反托拉斯局共同负责实施促进市场竞争的法律。

市场竞争则是通过保持商品的低价以及商品和服务的高质量使消费者受益。

The FTC is a consumer protection agency with two mandates under the FTC Act: to guard the marketplace from unfair methods of competition, and to prevent unfair or deceptive acts or practices that harm consumers. These tasks often involve the analysis of complex business practices and economic issues. When the Commission succeeds in doing both its jobs, it protects consumer sovereignty -- the freedom to choose goods and services in an open marketplace at a price and quality that fit the consumer’s needs -- and fosters opportunity for businesses by ensuring a level playing field among competitors. In pursuing its work, the FTC can file cases in both federal court and a special administrative forum.联邦贸易委员会是在《联邦贸易委员会法》规制下并拥有其两项授权的一个消费者保护机构：一是引导市场避免不公平的竞争；二是杜绝有损消费者利益的不公平或欺骗性的市场行为。

反垄断法英语词汇表AAbuse of monopoly power 滥用垄断支配力Abuse theory 滥用理论Abusive conduct 滥用行为Acquired firm 被收购的企业,被收购方Acquiring firm 收购企业,收购方Acquisition of asset 资产的收购Act of state doctrine 国家行为理论Actual damage 实际损失Additional suit 附加诉讼Administrative adjudication 行政裁决Administrative process 行政诉讼程序Adverse competitive effect 反竞争影响,反竞争效果Affirmative duty 积极的义务Aftermarket 下游市场Aggravating circumstance 从重处罚情节Aggressive pricing 超高定价Agreement to divide market 分割市场的协议Agreement with mixed competitive consequence 带有混合竞争后果的协议Allocate market geographically 从地域方面分割市场Allocative efficiency 资源配置效率Amicus brief 为协助法庭而对案情所提出的意见书，法庭之友意见概要Ancillary restraint/ partial restraint 附属的/部分的限制Annual sale 年销售额Anti-competitive effect 反竞争效果Anticompetitive stock acquisition 反竞争性的股份收购Anticompetitive 限制竞争的，反竞争的Anti-merger 合并控制Antitrust 反垄断，反托拉斯Antitrust Enforcement Guidelines for International Operations 国际经营的反垄断执法指南Antitrust felony 反垄断重罪Antitrust immunity 反垄断法的除外Antitrust litigation 反垄断诉讼Antitrust procedures and penalties act of 1974 反垄断程序和处罚法Antitrust scrutiny 反垄断审查Assign customer 划分客户Assistant Attorney General 美国联邦司法部长助理Assured source of supply 稳定的供货渠道Attempt to monopolize 企图独占Attempted monopolization 企图独占Attenuating circumstance 从轻处罚情节Attorney General 司法部部长Automatic adjustment mechanism 自动调节机制Average revenue平均收益Average total cost 平均总成本Average variable cost 平均可变成本BBackward integration 上游合并（与供应商的合并）Bad faith 恶意Bar association 律师协会Barrier to entry 进入壁垒，进入障碍Beleaguered small business 处于困境中的小企业Below-cost pricing 低于成本的定价Benchmarking 制定基准点Bid 出价Bid-rigging 串通投标Bilateral cooperation agreement 双边合作协议Blanket license arrangement 一揽子许可协议Blanket license 一揽子许可Block patent 封锁专利Bona fide 善意Bottleneck doctrine 瓶颈理论Bright-line test 可明确适用的标准Burden of proof 举证负担Bureau of competition 竞争局Business behavior交易行为Business pattern 经营方式Business reputation 商业信誉Buyer-lever competition 买方竞争CCartel participant/ cartelist 卡特尔参加者Cartel price 卡特尔价格Cartel 卡特尔Case-by-case evaluation 个案分析，个案评估Casual connection 因果关系Cause of action 诉因Celler-Kefauver Act 塞勒-克福弗反合并法Chain operation连锁经营Chain store 连锁店Characterization process 认定程序Charter of freedom 自由宪章Chicago school 芝加哥学派Chief Justice 首席法官Circumstantial evidence 环境证据Class action 集团诉讼Classic conspiracy 典型的共谋行为Coercion 强制Collaboration 协作/联合Collateral offense 附带性的违法Collateral restraint 附带限制Collateral 从属于Collective action 集体行为，多方行为Collective conduct 集体行为Collective power 联合力量Collusion 共谋Collusion 共谋行为Commercial Clause宪法中的商业条款Committed entry 不自由的市场进入，市场进入有较高的门槛Competing bid 竞争性的出价Competition policy 竞争政策Competitive variable 竞争性变量Competitiveness 竞争力Compromise 和解Compulsory licensing 强制许可Concentration in the relevant market 相关市场的集中度Concentration 集中Concerted efforts by competitors 竞争者之间的协同行为Concerted horizontal refusal to deal横向联合抵制交易Concerted refusal to deal 联合抵制交易Conglomerate merger 混合合并Conscious parallelism 有意识的协调Consciously parallel pricing conduct 有意识的协调价格行为Consent order 同意令Consignment agreement 寄售协议Consignment arrangement 寄售协议(安排）Consolidation 联合Conspiracy to monopolize 通过共谋行为实现独占Conspiracy 共谋Conspiratorial conduct 共谋行为Consumer welfare 消费者福利Continuum model 一体分析方法Contractor 承包商Contributory infringement 共同侵权Control natural monopoly 管制自然垄断Convicted antitrust defendant 被判决违反反垄断法的被告Copyright infringement suit 版权侵权诉讼Corporate entity 法人实体Corporate Leniency Policy 对公司的宽大处理政策Corporate merger 公司合并Corroborating evidence 佐证，确证的证据（也是一种附加的证据，这种证据使得提供的证据更为有利）Cost consumer 使消费者受到损失Cost justification 成本抗辩，成本辩护Cost saving 成本节约Cost-based school 以成本为基础的学派Coverage 专利的有效范围Criminal indictment 刑事控告Criminal investigation 刑事调查Criminal prosecution刑事追诉/起诉/公诉Criminal sanction 刑事制裁Cross-elasticity of demand 需求交叉弹性Cross-examination 交叉盘问Cross-licensing agreement 相互许可协议Cross-licensing 相互许可DDamage claim 损害赔偿之诉Damage settlement 损害赔偿和解Dealer-imposed price restraint 销售商强加的价格限制Declaratory judgment 宣告（式）判决，确认判决（法院只宣告确认当事人某项权利）Deconcentration分散Defense 辩护Degree of industry concentration 产业集中度Delineating the relevant market 界定相关市场Delivered price 交付价格Demand curve/schedule 需求曲线Demand elasticity 需求弹性Demand substitution需求替代Denying access 拒绝进入Depression-era 经济大萧条时期Deregulation of industry 对产业的放松管制Dichotomy model 二分法Dictum 法官判决的附带意见Direct infringer 直接的侵权行为人Direct victim 直接受害人Directness of the injury 损害的直接性Discretion 自由裁量权Discriminatory allowance 歧视性的折让Dismiss 驳回（案件）Distribution channel 销售渠道Distribution cost 销售成本Distribution pattern 销售方式Diversified producer 多样化产品的制造商Divestiture decree 拆散的判决Divestiture or compulsory licensing of intellectual property 剥夺或者强制许可知识产权Doctrine of comity 礼让原则Dominant firm占市场支配地位的企业Dominant position 市场支配地位Downstream market 下游市场Drawing of the market boundary 界定市场范围Due process 正当程序Duplicative recovery 双重补偿/追偿Duration of waiting period等待期间Duration 持续期间Economy of scale 规模经济Effective competition 有效竞争Efficiency defense 效率抗辩Dlasticity of supply 供给弹性EEnd user 最终消费者End-use 终端使用Enforcement agency 执行机构Enforcement guideline 执行指南Entrench dominance 加强市场支配地位Entry barrier 市场进入障碍/壁垒Entry condition进入市场的条件Entry fee 入会费，进入费Entry of the market 市场进入Equitable decree 衡平法上的判决Equitable relief 衡平法上的救济Equitable servitude on chattel 衡平法上的在动产上设定的地役权Essential facility 关键设施Bottleneck doctrine瓶颈理论Evade price control 规避价格管制Evidentiary burden 举证责任Ex ante 事先Ex post 事后Excess capacity 过剩的生产能力Exchange assurance 交换承诺Exclude rival 排除竞争者Exclusionary act排他行为，排斥竞争行为Exclusionary conduct 排他行为Exclusionary purpose 排斥竞争的目的Exclusionary排他性的，排斥竞争性的Exclusive authority 专有权Exclusive dealing agreement 独家经销协议Exclusive dealing contract 独家经销合同Exclusive dealing 排他性交易，独家交易Exclusive right 独占权Exclusive territorial arrangement 排他性的地域划分Exclusive territory 独占地域Exculpate 宣告无罪Exemption 豁免Exit of the market市场退出Explicit agreement / Express agreement 明示协议Express or tacit collusion 明示或默示的合谋Extension of the waiting period 等待期的延长Extraterritorial reach 域外效力FFailing division defense 垂危部门抗辩Failing firm defense 垂危公司抗辩Federal merger guideline联邦合并指南Federal Trade Commission Act 联邦贸易委员会法Felony 重罪Field of use 应用范围Finding 事实认定Fix price 固定价格Fix the price of patented goods on resale 固定专利产品的转售价格Fixed cost 固定成本Fixing of maximum resale price 固定最高转售价格Foreign sovereign act 外国政府行为Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 外国主权豁免法Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvement Act 对外贸易反垄断改进法Forestalling 买断Forfeit asset 没收财产Forward integration 下游合并（与客户的合并）Fragmented industry 集中度很低的行业Franchise agreement 特许经营协议Franchised agent 有特许权的代理人Franchised agreement 特许经营协议Fraudulent procurement of a patent 通过欺骗取得专利权Free-ride 搭便车Fringe supplier 潜在供货商Functional discount 功能折扣Future competition 潜在竞争GGame theory 博弈论Game-theoretic school 博弈论学派Generality 一般原则Geographic extension merger 地域扩大型合并Geographic market 地域市场Giant corporation 巨型企业Good faith 善意Good faith agency 善意的代理关系Grand jury 大陪审团（12-25名陪审员）Group boycott 集体抵制/联合抵制Grouping buyer 集团化的买方Guideline 指南Guild customs 行会习惯HHart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act 哈特-斯科特-罗迪诺反垄断修订法Height of entry barrier 进入市场的障碍程度Herfindahl-Hirschman index 赫尔芬达-赫尔斯曼指数，赫氏指数Heterogeneous不同质的，异质的Huge barrier to entry and exit 进入和退出市场方面存在很大障碍Hobsons choice 无选择余地Holder of a legal monopoly 合法垄断权人Holding company 控股公司Homogeneous同质的Horizontal alliance 横向联合Horizontal allocation of territory 横向地域分割Horizontal collaboration 横向联合Horizontal collusion横向合谋Horizontal market division 横向市场划分Horizontal merger guideline 横向合并指南Horizontal merger 横向合并Horizontal output restraint 横向产量限制Horizontal price-fixing arrangement 横向固定价格安排horizontal price-fixing conspiracy 横向固定价格的共谋Horizontal price-fixing 横向固定价格Horizontal restraint 横向限制Horizontal territorial division 横向地域划分House of Lords 上议院IIllegal per se 本身违法Illegal purpose 非法目的Illicit cooperation 不正当合作Impair competition 损害竞争Impairment of primary line competition 对第一级的损害Impediment to competition 妨碍竞争Imperative 命令，规则Implicit agreement 默示协议Implied contract 默示合同Impose a tie-in 强加附加协议Incompetence 无行为能力Individual license 个别许可Industrial concentration 产业集中Industrial organization economics 产业组织经济学Industrial Organization Theory 产业组织理论Inference of monopoly power 垄断力量的干预Information exchange 信息交换Information sharing 信息分享Injunction 禁令Injunctive relief 禁令性救济Insurance coverage 保险范围Intangible property rights 无形财产权Intellectual property rights 知识产权Intended victim 预期的受害人Intent to monopolize 垄断意图Interbrand competition 品牌之间的竞争interchangeability 可替代性Interfirm coordination 企业间的协调行为Interlocking director 连锁董事/共同董事Interlocking directorate 连锁董事Internal expansion 内部扩张Interstate commerce 州际贸易Intrabrand competition 品牌内的竞争/同一商标销售商之间的竞争Investment return投资回报Invitation to collude 引诱进行共同犯罪行为Invitation to withhold immunity 请求撤销豁免Ipso facto 根据事实本身Issue of security 证券发行JJoint arrangement 联合安排Joint horizontal action横向联合行为Joint venture 合营企业Judicial construction 司法解释Judicial discretion 法官的自由裁量权Jurisdictional holes 管辖权漏洞Jurisdictional reach 管辖范围Jurisdictional restriction 管辖权的限制Jury 陪审团Jury verdict 陪审团的裁决Justice Department 美国联邦司法部Justice Department’s Antitrust Division 联邦司法部的反垄断局KKnow-how 专有技术Knowing 明知LLaissez faize 自由放任（的经济政策）Legal viability 法律上的根据Legitimate end 合法的目的Less demanding liability test 非强制性责任标准Lessee 承租人Lessor 出租人Letters patent 专利许可证，专利特权许可证Leverage theory 杠杆理论Leveraging 杠杆作用Licensee 被许可人License-prescribed price 专利许可协议中规定的价格Limitation period 时效期限Limited antitrust dispensation 有限的反垄断豁免Listed price 目录价格Litigant 诉讼（参与）人Litigation outcome 诉讼结果Local price-cutting 地方性价格折让Location clause 限定地域的条款Lock-in buyer 现有的买方MMake restitution 恢复原状Managerial compensation管理人员的报酬Managerial displacement 管理层的更换Mandated 强制性的Mandatory 强制性的Marginal cost 边际成本Marginal revenue 边际收益Marginal utility 边际效用Market allocation agreement /covenant /scheme 分割市场的协议Market allocation 市场分割Market behavior市场行为Market characterized by interdependence 以竞争者之间的相互依赖为特征的市场Market concentration 市场集中Market control 市场支配力Market definition市场界定Market failure 市场失灵Market performance 市场行为Market power measurement 市场支配力的测量market power市场支配力Market share 市场份额Market structure 市场结构Market trend 市场趋势Marketing arrangement 营销协议Marketing strategy 营销策略Market-rigging practice 操纵市场的做法Maximum price-fixing 固定最高价格Maximum resale price maintenance 维持最高转售价格Measure of cost 成本测量Measurement and assignment of cost 成本的测定和分摊Measurement yardstick衡量标准Menace to competition 对竞争的威胁Mephistophelean pact 恶魔的协议，指对任何一方均无好处的协议Merger and acquisition 合并和收购Merger guideline 合并指南Mergers to Monopoly 垄断性兼并Microeconomics 微观经济学Middleman profit 中间人利润Minimum price clause 最低价格条款Minimum resale price 最低转售价格Minimum Sherman Act fine 违反谢尔曼法的最低罚款额度Minimum threshold 最低标准Misallocation of resource 资源错误配置Misrepresentation 虚假陈述Misuse of private economic power 滥用私人经济势力Misuse of resource 资源的滥用Monetary relief 金钱救济Monopolist 独占者Monopolistic competition垄断竞争Monopolization 垄断化Monopoly power 垄断力Monopoly pricing 垄断性定价Monopoly 垄断Monopsony 买主独家垄断/买方垄断Most favored nation clause 最惠国条款Motivation 动机Moving party 动议方，提出请求的一方Multicount indictment 数罪并告Multi-factored reasonableness test 考虑多种因素的合理原则Multiple patent 多重专利权Mutually accommodating behavior 相互协调行为NNaked price fixing 赤裸裸的固定价格行为Naked restraint 赤裸裸的限制National Association of Attorney General （NAAG）全国检察长协会Natural monopoly 自然垄断Net revenue 净利润No rule school 无规则学派No-fault monopolization 无过失的垄断化Non-binding 无法律约束力的Non-binding guideline 没有法律约束力的指南Noncontractual restraint 非合同的限制Non-efficiency aim 非效率目标Nonexclusive license 非独占许可Nonexclusive 非独占性的Non-horizontal meger 非横向合并Nonpatented product 非专利的产品Nonprice competition 非价格竞争Nonprice distribution restraint 非价格方面的分销限制Nonprice restriction 非价格限制Nonprice vertical restraints 非价格的纵向限制Nonstatutory exemption 非法定的豁免Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 1932年诺里斯-拉格尔迪阿法Notify 申报OOligopolistic interdependence 垄断寡头间的相互依赖Oligopolistic market structure 寡头垄断的市场结构Oligopoly 寡头垄断卖方垄断Open competition 公开竞争Operating cost 交易成本Opportunity cost 机会成本Outlaw 宣布…为非法Output 产出Overt cartel 公开的卡特尔PPackage of service 一揽子服务Parallel behavior 协同的行为Parallel pricing 协同定价Parens patriae 政府监护Partial per se standard 不完全的本身违法原则Patented product 专利产品Patentee 专利权人Pecuniary gain 金钱收益Pecuniary loss 金钱损失Pecuniary reward 金钱报酬Per se illegality 本身违法Per se rule 本身违法规则Per se rule of nonliability 本身无责任的原则Perfect competition 完全竞争Perfectly contestable market 完善的竞争市场Performance test 行为标准Permissive test 任意性标准Personal jurisdiction 属人管辖权Pertinent information 有关的信息Plant specialization 生产专业化Plea 辩解Plea agreement （经法庭批准，被告为避免受到较重的处罚与控诉人达成的）认罪协议Plus factor 附加因素Point-of-sale 销售点pool the patent 共享专利权Pooled patent 同源专利Positive trait 好处Post-acquisition收购之后的Post-acquisition market share 收购后的市场份额Post-merger market 兼并之后市场Post-merger market share 兼并后市场份额Potential competition doctrine 潜在竞争理论Potential entrant 潜在的市场进入者Precedent 判例Predation claim 涉及掠夺性定价的请求Predatory conduct 掠夺性行为Predatory price 掠夺性价格Predatory pricing 掠夺性定价Predatory tactics 掠夺性的经营策略Predictability 可预期性Preemption 优先权Preferential rate 优惠价Premerger notification 合并前的申报Prevail 胜诉Price and non-price restraint 价格限制与非价格限制Price concession 价格折让Price discrimination 价格歧视Price fixing 固定价格Price offer 报价Price structure 价格结构Price uniformity 价格联盟Price verification 价格核查Price-fixing cartel 固定价格的卡特尔price-fixing license 固定价格的许可price-sensitive buyer 对价格敏感的购买者Price-setting arrangement 确定价格的安排Price-shading firm 产品价格不明朗的企业Price-taker 价格接受者Pricing agreement价格协议pricing behavior定价行为Prima facie 初步印象，初步证据，表面证据Prima facie case of illegality 初步推定违法的案件Prima facie violation 以初步证据可认定违法Primary line injury 第一级损害（对卖方的竞争者的损害）Primary line liability 第一级损害的责任Prison term 监禁期限Private antitrust action 私人反垄断诉讼Private attorney general 私人检察长（出庭为每个公民实施公共权力的个人）Private monopoly 私人垄断Private treble damage claim 私人三倍损害赔偿请求Private treble damage action私人三倍损害赔偿之诉Probation 缓刑Procompetitive consequence 支持竞争的后果product differentiation 产品区分，产品差异Product extension merger 生产扩大型合并Product heterogeneity 产品的异质性Product homogeneity 产品的同质性Product innovation产品革新Product market 产品市场Production quota 生产配额Productive efficiency 生产效率Profit margin利润幅度Profit-maximization 利润最大化Profit-maximizing price可以实现最大利润的价格Profit-pooling agreement 分享利润的协议Proviso 但书Public interest 公共利益Public policy 公共政策Public price announcement 公开报价Public utility 公用事业Pure conglomerate transaction 纯混合合并QQuality control 质量控制Quasi-public monopoly 准国家垄断RRadical price cut 大幅度削价Reasonable and prudent person 理性人Reasonable interchangeability 合理的可替代性Reasonableness test 合理性标准Reciprocal dealing 互惠性交易Recoupment test 赔偿标准Recover damage 追偿损害赔偿，得到补偿Redeeming virtue 可弥补其不足之处的功能Refusal to deal 拒绝交易Regrating 囤积居奇Reimburse 补偿Relaxation of antimerger standard 反合并标准的松动Relevant geographic market 相关地理市场Relevant market 相关市场Relevant product market 相关产品市场Remand the case for further finding 将案件发回下级法院要求进一步的审查Remand to the trial court 将案件送回下级法院Remedy 救济Rent-seeking 寻租Resale margin 转售商品中的赚头Resale price maintenance 维持转售价格Rescission of completed transaction撤销已完成的交易Resource allocation 资源配置Resource misallocation资源的错误配置Restrict output限制产量Restrictive agreement/ covenant 限制竞争协议Restrictive distribution contract 限制销售协议Restrictive leasing 限制性的租赁Restrictive provision 限制性条款Retail market 零售市场Retail price 零售价格Retail price-fixing clause 固定零售价格的条款Revenue 收益Rival 竞争对手rivalry test 竞争行为标准Robinson-Patman Act 罗宾逊-帕特曼法Royalty 专利使用费RPM(Resale price maintenance)转售价格维持Rule of per se legality 本身合法的原则Rule of reason criteria 合理原则的标准Rule of reason 合理原则Rule of reason/a reasonableness test 合理性原则SScale economy 规模经济Scrutiny 审查Seal of approval 认证标准Secondary line injury 第二级损害（对买方的竞争者的损害）Selective price concession 选择性的价格优惠Selective price cut 选择性削价Self-correct market abuse 可通过市场自行纠正的滥用行为Self-interest 自身利益Seller concentration 卖方集中Separate entity 相互独立的实体Set aside 撤销Severe liability rule 严格责任原则sham conduct 欺骗性行为Sherman Act 谢尔曼法Spillover of cost 成本的溢出Spoken assurance 口头承诺Stabilize price 固定价格Standard contract 标准合同Standardization 生产标准化Standing （起诉）资格State attorney general 州检察长Status quo 现状Statutory combination 法定的联合Statutory defense 法定的抗辩Stock ownership 股份所有权structural approach 市场结构标准Structural criteria/approach 结构标准Structural filter school 结构过滤学派Structural model 结构模式Structural rule 结构性规则，即根据市场结构认定合法性Structural School 结构主义Structural screen 市场结构的审查Structuralist school市场结构学派Structure of an industry产业结构Structure-conduct-performance model 结构-行为-绩效模型，按照市场结构、市场行为和市场运行状况认定市场是否具有竞争性的方式Structured rule of reason standard 结构性的合理原则Subcontractor 分包商Subdue rival 排挤竞争对手Submarket 亚市场/子市场Substantive merger standard 有关合并的实体标准Substantive provision 实体性的规范Substantive 实体性的Substitutable可替代的Substitute替代Summarily condemned 当即就可以认定违法Summary condemnation 当即宣告有罪Summary dismissal 当场驳回Summary procedure 简易程序Sunk cost 沉没成本Supply and demand elasticity 供给和需求弹性Supply substitution 供给方面的可替代性Supracompetitive pricing 较竞争条件下更为有利的定价Supernormal returns 超额利润TTacit agreement 秘密协议Tacit collusion 心照不宣的协调Tacit coordination 秘密协调/默示协调Takeover 兼并Target firm 目标企业Territorial division 地区划分Territorial or customer restriction 地域或客户的限制Tertiary line injury 第三级损害（对买方的顾客的损害）Testimony of a participant-turned-informer 由参加人变为揭发人而揭发的证据Threatened loss or damage 可能会引起的损失或损害Tied product 搭售的产品（强迫购买的产品）Tie-in condition 附加条件Tie-ins搭售Toehold firm 有一定优势的微型企业Total cost 全部成本Trade association 贸易协会Trade restraint 贸易限制Transaction cost economics 交易成本经济学Transaction cost交易成本Transaction frequency 交易频率transportation barrier 交通障碍Treble damage 三倍损害赔偿Trial attorney 专门出庭办理诉讼案件的律师Trial court 初审法院Truncated or “quick look”version of the rule of reason简化了的或者快速的合理原则Trust 托拉斯，即达到可以操纵一个行业的组合Tying arrangement 搭售协议/搭售安排Tying clause 搭售条款Tying market 搭售市场（被搭售产品所在的市场）Tying product 被搭售产品Tying 搭售UUnauthorized use 未经授权的使用，擅自使用Uncommitted entrant 可自由进入的企业Unfair practice 不正当行为Uniform price cut 统一削价Unilateral conduct 单方行为Unilateral refusal to deal 单方拒绝交易Universal service 基本服务Unlawful per se 本身违法Unreasonable restraints of trade/ Undue restraint 不合理的贸易限制Upstream market 上游市场VVerdict 陪审团裁决，正式判决Verification and exchange of price by direct rival 直接竞争者之间关于价格信息的核查与交换Vertical conspiracy 纵向合谋Vertical integration 纵向联合Vertical merger 纵向合并Vertical price-fixing 纵向限价，即固定转售价格Vertical relationship 纵向关系Vertical restraint 纵向限制Vertical territorial allocation 纵向市场划分Vertical territorial restriction 纵向地域限制Vertically-related firm 有纵向关系的企业V oluntary pre-merger disclosure compact 自愿性合并前申报协定WWaiting period 等待期间Warrant a trial 成为诉讼的根据Watered stocks 实际价值低于面值的股票，掺水股Wave of corporate acquisition 企业收购浪潮Weak case 无权威性的案例Webb-Pomerence Export Trade Act of 1918 1918年韦伯-波莫雷内出口贸易法Wholesale price 批发价格Wholesaler 批发商Willful 故意Writ 批准向最高法院上诉的令状XX-year statute of limitation x年的诉讼时效。

中华人民共和国反垄断法Anti-Monopoly Law of the People'sRepublic of ChinaEnglish Version 中文版发文日期：2007-08-30有效范围：全国发文机关：全国人民代表大会常务委员会文号：主席令[2007]第68号时效性：现行有效生效日期：2008-08-01所属分类：反垄断法（市场竞争法->反垄断法）Promulgation Date：08-30-2007 Effective Region：NATIONAL Promulgator： the Standing Committee of the National People's CongressDocument No：Order of the President [2007] No. 68 Effectiveness：Effective Effective Date：08-01-2008 Category：Anti－Monopoly Law （Market Competition Law->Anti－Monopoly Law）中华人民共和国反垄断法Anti-Monopoly Law of the People'sRepublic of China主席令[2007]第68号Order of the President [2007] No. 68 2007年8月30日August 30, 2007《中华人民共和国反垄断法》已由中华人民共和国第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议于2007年8月30日通过，现予公布，自2008年8月1日起施行。

中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛The Anti-Monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China was adopted by the 29th session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on August 30, 2007 and is hereby promulgated. It shall go into effect as of August 1, 2008.President of the People's Republic of China: Hu Jintao附件：中华人民共和国反垄断法Attachment: Anti-Monopoly Law of thePeople's Republic of China（2007年8月30日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议通过）(Adopted by the by the 29th session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on August 30, 2007)目录第一章总则第二章垄断协议第三章滥用市场支配地位第四章经营者集中第五章滥用行政权力排除、限制竞争第六章对涉嫌垄断行为的调查第七章法律责任第八章附则CONTENTSCHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS CHAPTER II MONOPOLY AGREEMENTS CHAPTER III ABUSE OF DOMINANT MARKET POSITIONCHAPTER IV OPERATOR CONSOLIDATION CHAPTER V ABUSE OF ADMINSTATIVE AUTHORITY TO ELIMINATE OR RESTRICT COMPETITIONCHAPTER VI INVESTIGATION OF SUSPECTED MONOPOLISTIC PRACTICES CHAPTER VII LEGAL LIABILITIES CHAPTER VIII SUPPELENTARY PROVISIONS第一章总则CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS第一条为了预防和制止垄断行为，保护市场公平竞争，提高经济运行效率，维护消费者利益和社会公共利益，促进社会主义市场经济健康发展，制定本法。

禁止垄断协议行为的规定中英文对照版工商行政管理机关禁止垄断协议行为的规定Rules of AIC on Prohibition of Monopoly Agreements第一条为了制止经济活动中的垄断协议行为，根据《中华人民共和国反垄断法》（以下简称《反垄断法》），制定本规定。

Article 1 These Rules are formulated in accordance with the Anti-Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as “AML”) for purpose of preventing monopoly agreement in economic activities.第二条禁止经营者在经济活动中达成垄断协议。

垄断协议是指违反《反垄断法》第十三条、第十四条、第十六条的规定，经营者之间达成的或者行业协会组织本行业经营者达成的排除、限制竞争的协议、决定或者其他协同行为。

协议或者决定包括书面形式和口头形式。

其他协同行为是指经营者虽未明确订立书面或者口头形式的协议或者决定，但实质上存在协调一致的行为。

Article 2Undertakings are prohibited from reaching any monopoly agreement in economic activities.Monopoly agreements shall mean any agreement, decision and other concerted practice reached among undertakings or organized by industry association that eliminate or restrict competition in violation of Article 13, 14, 16 of the AML.An agreement or decision may take written and oral forms.Other concerted practice shall mean colluded coordination in practice between undertakings without express oral or written agreements or decisions.第三条认定其他协同行为，应当考虑下列因素：（一）经营者的市场行为是否具有一致性；（二）经营者之间是否进行过意思联络或者信息交流；（三）经营者能否对一致行为作出合理的解释。

法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right 同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right 亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment 个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise 中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act 双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act 法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act 要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act 要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term 生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death 死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death 准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent 再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation 时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility 刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault 推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness 过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things 主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing 孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership 所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract 地役权servitude; easement人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude 担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage 抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage 抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage 抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage 抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage 留置权lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart; offeree给付give; pay债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt债的分类obligatio; obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation主债prime/principal obligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefinite obligation合同之债contractual obligation侵权行为之债tort obligation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage医药费hospital treatment expense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee of obligation财产担保property guarantee信用担保credit guarantee让与担保alienation guarantee保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship保证金guaranty bond; security deposit押金deposit; foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money; deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidated damages by law约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement 债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge; satisfaction提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment 优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection 特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyright owner创作creation作品opus; product; work著作人格权right of personality of copyright 发表权right of publication署名权right of authorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision 完整性保持权right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense著作财产权property right in work使用收益分享权right to share usufruct利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to get payment重播权right of rebroadcasting录制权right of fixation机械复制权right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright 剽窃plagiary; plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge工业产权industrial property专利权patent right优先权日priority date申请在先原则prior application rule使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造invention and creation实用新型utility model外观设计design; industrial design发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery专利申请patent application专利异议objection to a patent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee of patent专利许可协议patent licensing agreement 技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate of patent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China商标权trademark right商标国际注册international registration of trademark商品商标commodity trademark服务商标service trademark驰名商标reputed trademark广告商标advertisement trademark近似商标similar trademark商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board商标审查trademark examination商标侵权trademark infringement商标注册registered trademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family,inheritance, adoption婚姻法marital law; marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition; dismemberment of property重婚bigamy独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board复婚resumption of marriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties婚姻登记marriage registration婚生子女ligitimate child计划生育birth control结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law 旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation 涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements 配偶spouse事实婚de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce by litigation探视权visitation right同居cohabitation 晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent自然血亲natural blood relation收养法adoption law收养协议adoption agreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption涉外收养adoption with foreign elements继承法inheritance law; law of succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestate succession遗赠继承succession by devise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation; succession by subrogation世袭继承hereditary succession间接继承indirect succession转继承subsuccession共同继承joint succession单独继承single succession继承人heir; successor第二顺序继承人successor second in order第一顺序继承人successor first in order继承参与人succession participant遗产inheritance; heritage遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor遗言last will and testament遗书last words遗赠bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement会计法accounting law税法tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfair competition law 消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest protection law产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law公司法company law; corporate law公司company; corporation有限责任公司limited liability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimited company股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership两合公司joint liability company控股公司holding company集团公司group company合资公司joint venture company联营公司associated company; affiliated company国营公司state-own company国有公司state-owned company民营公司civilian-run company本国公司national/domestic company外国公司foreign company 上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company募集设立incorporation by stock floatation发起人floater; initiator公司名称name of company公司住址domicile of company出资contribution; capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements注册资本registered capital实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance 资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital 最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association; articles ofincorporation; bylaw公司登记incorporation; corporate registration 公司存续existence of company公司合并分立merger and split of company 公司并购corporate merger and acquisition公司管理corporate governance; company management公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿company rectification公司歇业closure of business公司和解company composition公司解散company dissolution公司清算company liquidation公司清理company winding-up竞业禁止non-commpete; competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’meeting表决权voting right; right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman of the board首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO)首席运营官chief operation officer(COO)执行董事executive director常务董事managing director 董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors经理独立负责制manager independent responsibility system监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors股share; stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock with voting power溢价股premium stock折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金legal accumulation fund资本公积金capital accumulation fund盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund任意公积金optional accumulation fund公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue证券交易所stock exchange证券商securities dealer证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosing system交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange 深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange 证券监督委员会securities supervision committee票据法law of negotiable instrument票据notes; bills; commercial instruments商业票据bill; commercial instrument远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order; note to order 不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill 票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act on commercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payer on commercial instrument 票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor票据被保证人bill pledgee/warrantee再追索人renewed recourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill; tenor票据债务人debtor of commercial instrument 追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription of exchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality船棋国flag country船舶所有权证书certificate of ship ownership 船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull船舶保险单hull insurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnage measurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering船舶转租ship subchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities of ship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶遇难maritime distress海上灾难perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classification society船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权priority claim to general average服务优先权priority claim to service货物损害优先权priority claim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit海运合同shipping contract提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费dead freight租船费charterage租船合同charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同time charter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminaljurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritime disputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritime attachment海事优先请求权preferential right top maritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petition for maritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of the distrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules of maritime arbitration procedure保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntary insurance强制保险compulsory insurance商业保险commercial insurance财产保险property insurance人身保险personal insurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accident insurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowment insurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemployment insurance 信用保险credit insurance保证保险guaranty insurance保险合同insurance contract保险人insurer; underwriter被保险人the insured受益人benificiary投保人applicant for insurance;; policy holder 保险单insurance policy保险标的insurance object保险费premium保险期限time limit of insurance保险利益insurable interest保险金额insurance; insurance compensation 保险事故insurance accident保险赔偿insurance indemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurance broker索赔claim代位索赔claim by subrogation理赔settlement of claim代位求偿权right of subrogation委付abandonment退保cancellation/discharging of insurance。

ratione soli 仅有的理由 ratione temperis 属时理由 ratione tenurae 租期理由 rente 定期利息 renvoi 驱逐外国⼈出境 renvoi au permier degree ⼀级反致 res alienae 属于他⼈的财产 res allodialis ⾃由让与的财产 rescyt 窝藏重罪犯⼈ resgestae 成就 resiance 居住 residuum 剩余物 sanguis ⾎ sans 没有 sans frais 免费 sans nombre 没有限制 sans phrase 直率之⾔ sans recours ⽆追索权 secundum 根据 solum ⼟地 solutio 清偿债务 solutio sine causa 偿还不存在之债 solvit ad diem 被告宣称可随时偿还债务 testimonium 签名前条款 testis 证⼈ testmamenti factio activa ⽴遗嘱的能⼒ torus 侵权⾏为 tota curia 全法院 totidem verbis 明确的 totis quoties 经常发⽣ totis viribus 竭尽全⼒ totis caelo 正相反 tous les biens 所有财产 uberrima fides 坦率诚实 uberrima fides contract 坦率诚实合同 ubi infra 下⾯提及之处 ubi re vera 真实的地⽅ ubi remedium ibi jus 有法律救济就有权利 ubi supra 上⾯提及之处 ubicunque est injuria ,ibi damnum sequitur 有侵权必有损害 ultima 最后的 ultima ratio 最后的谈判 ultimum supplicium 极刑 ultimus haeres 最后继承⼈ vadium vivium 以收益抵债务之典权 valium 毒品 vas 抵押 vastum 荒地 vectigalia 关税 vectura 货运 vel non 或者不是 venditio 卖 viva voce ⼝头 zygocephalum ⼟地测量。

很全的一版法律英语词汇引言法律英语是法律专业人士必备的一项重要技能。

无论是在法律实践中的法庭辩论，还是在法律文书的撰写中，合适的法律英语词汇都是至关重要的。

本文档旨在提供一个很全的法律英语词汇列表，帮助读者提高法律英语的水平。

一、通用法律术语w - 法律2.Legislation - 法规3.Statute - 法令4.Regulation - 规章5.Act - 法案6.Case - 案例7.Jurisdiction - 管辖权8.Court - 法院9.Judge - 法官10.A ttorney - 律师11.D efendant - 被告12.P lntiff - 原告13.W itness - 证人14.E vidence - 证据15.V erdict - 裁决二、合同法1.Contract - 合同2.Offer - 出价3.Acceptance - 接受4.Consideration - 对价5.Breach - 违约6.Performance - 履行7.Damages - 损害赔偿8.Termination - 终止9.Agreement - 协议10.C ounteroffer -还盘三、刑法1.Crime - 犯罪2.Offense - 违法行为3.Murder - 谋杀4.Robbery - 抢劫5.Theft - 盗窃6.Assault - 袭击7.Fraud - 欺诈8.Sentence - 判决9.Conviction - 定罪10.G uilty - 有罪11.I nnocent - 无罪四、知识产权法1.Copyright - 版权2.Trademark - 商标3.Patent - 专利4.Infringement - 侵权5.Intellectual Property - 知识产权6.License - 许可证7.Royalty - 版税8.Invention - 发明9.Trade Secret - 商业秘密10.F r Use - 合理使用五、公司法pany - 公司2.Shareholder - 股东3.Director - 董事4.Merger - 合并5.Acquisition - 收购6.Incorporation - 注册成立7.Bylaws - 法规章程8.Share - 股份9.Dividend - 红利10.B oard of Directors - 董事会六、劳动法1.Employment - 就业2.Employee - 员工3.Employer - 雇主4.Discrimination - 歧视5.Overtime - 加班6.Termination - 解雇7.Retaliation - 报复8.Worker’s Compensation - 工伤赔偿9.Collective Bargning - 集体协商10.M inimum Wage - 最低工资结论以上展示了一个很全的法律英语词汇列表，覆盖了通用法律术语以及一些常见的法律领域术语。

anti-corn law league international trade ☆反谷物法同盟☆国际贸易对外贸易foreign trade ☆重农主义physiocracy世界贸易world trade D. Humo ☆休谟【英】海外贸易Report on Manufacture ☆制造业报告oversea trade☆国内贸易domestic trade passive policeman ☆被动的警察☆有形商品贸易TheGeneral☆《就业、利息和货币通论》Theory visible trade of☆无形商品贸易andEmployment, invisible trade Interest☆国际服务贸易Money international service trade☆国际技术贸易second best theory ☆次佳原理international technology trade☆出口贸易☆关税customs duties / tariff export trade☆进口贸易☆关境customs frontier import trade☆过境贸易☆海关customs house transit trade☆复出口customs union ☆关税同盟re-export trade☆复进口revenue tariff re-import trade ☆财政关税☆可兑换protective customs duties convertible ☆保护关税☆易货贸易☆进口税import duties barter☆总贸易export duties ☆出口税general trade☆专门贸易transit duties ☆过境税special trade☆有纸贸易☆从量税/单证贸易documentary trade specific duties☆无纸贸易☆从价税advalorem duties electronic data interchange, EDI☆贸易差额duty paid value ☆完税价格balance of trade☆净出口customs value ☆海关估价net export☆净进口alternative duties net import ☆选择税☆进口值☆混合税mixed / compound duties QM☆出口值import surtax ☆进口附加税QX☆国民生产总值counter-vailing duty ☆反补贴税Gross National Product, GNP☆贸易条件anti-dumping duty ☆反倾销税terms of trade, TOT☆出口价格指数retaliatory duties PX ☆报复关税☆进口价格指数PM scientific tariff ☆科技关税☆国际贸易商品结构tariff schedule / customs tariff composition of international ☆关税税则/ 海关税则tariff No./heading No./tariff item trade☆税则序列（税号）☆《联合国国际贸易标准匪类》Standard description of goods International Trade ☆货物分类目录Classification, SITCrate of duty☆税率☆《商品名称和编码协调制度》the Harmonized Commodity ☆《关税合作理事会税则目录》Customs Cooperation Council Description and Coding System, 《协调制度》Nomenclature, CCCNHS《布鲁塞尔税则目录》Brussels Tariff Nomenclature,direction of foreign trade ☆对外贸易地理方向BTN☆税目号heading No.direction of international trade ☆国际贸易地理方向☆《国际贸易标准分类》☆亚当·斯密【英】International Standard Trade Adam Smith☆大卫·李嘉图David Ricardo Classification, SITC 【英】☆编码Eil Filip Heckscher code ☆赫克歇尔【瑞典】☆单式税则/ single tariff 一栏税则【瑞典】Beltil Gotthard Ohlin ☆俄林☆复式税则☆要素禀赋学说/多栏税则factor endowment theory complex tariff☆非关税壁垒-赫克歇尔俄林原理Non-Tariff Barriers, NTBs the Heckschor-Ohlin theorem☆进口配额制/进口限额制import quotas system ☆里昂惕夫【美】W. W. Leontieffactor ☆绝对配额absolute quotas scarcethe☆里昂惕夫稀少生产要素之谜Leontief☆全球配额paradox / the Leontief paradox 里昂惕夫反论global quotas【美】☆弗农R. Vernon unallocated quotas☆国别配额☆威尔士【美】L. T. Wells country quotas☆自主配额☆产业内贸易/单方面配额autonomous quotas intra-industry trade☆协议配额☆新兴工业化国家/agreement quotas/bilateral quo. NIC双边配额dumping☆商品倾销☆弗里德里希·李斯特【德】Friedrich Listsporadic / occasional dumping 】J. M. Keynes☆偶然性倾销☆凯恩斯【predatory dumpingvoluntary export quotas ☆自动出口配额☆掠夺性倾销period dumping / intermittent voluntary restriction of export 自动限制出口☆短期/间歇性倾销long period /persistent dumping ☆长期self-restraint agreement ☆自限协定/持续性倾销orderly marketing agreement ☆有秩序销售协定exchange dumping ☆外汇倾销principle of non-discrimination export visa ☆出口配额签证制☆非歧视性原则most favoured nation treatment ☆进口许可证制import licence system ☆最惠国待遇national treatment ☆国民待遇open general licence ☆公开一般许可证as ☆关税保护原则customs specific licence ☆特种进口许可证duties principle ofAgreement on ☆《进口许可证手续协议》Import means of protection Licensing☆透明度原则principle of transparency Procedures☆外汇管制principle of fair trade ☆公平贸易原则foreign exchange controlbeneficial ☆互惠贸易原则mutually official exchange rate principle of ☆官定汇率system of trade multiple exchange ☆复汇率制principle of market access rates ☆市场准入原则of of principle government ☆公平解决争端原则☆歧视性政府采购政策fair discriminatory settlementdisputesprocurement policy☆国际贸易惯例☆《购买美国货法案》international trade practice Buy American Actcommercialinternational 国际商业管理internal taxes ☆国内税practice☆增值税value added taxon United minimum priceNations ☆《联合国国际货物销售合同Convention ☆进口最低限价制International Contracts 公约》for ☆启动价格制the trigger price mechanism, TPMspecial summary steel Sale of Goods ☆钢品特别摘要发票invoice,SSSIonThe☆《国际货物买卖统一法》UniformLawprohibitive import ☆禁止进口International Sale of Goodsadvanced deposit Uniform The Law ☆《国际货物买卖合同成立统on 进口存款制☆进口押金制/ thecustoms valuation system for the Formation of 一法》Contracts ☆海关估价制American selling price system International Sale of Goods ☆美国售价制Agreement on Implementation Fules International for 《关于实☆《海关估价协议》/the ☆《2000年国际贸易术语解释General of Terms, of Interpretation Trade 施关税与贸易总协定第七条通则》Article of the VIIAgreement on Tariffs and Trade 2000的协议》transaction value☆成交价格☆《1941年美国对外贸易定义Revised American Foreign Tradeidentical of transaction Definitions, 1941☆相同商品成交价格修正本》valuegoods 1932 牛津规则》-1932☆《年华沙Warsaw-Oxford Rules，☆《跟单信用证统一惯例》similar of value Practice Customs ☆类似商品成交价格Uniform and transactiongoods Commercial for Documentarycomputed value ☆计算价格Creditsreasonable means☆《托收统一规则》☆合理办法Uniform Rules for Collectionstechnical barriers to trade, TBT ☆技术性贸易壁垒安特卫普规则》-☆《约克York-Antwerp Rules2000☆《年国际贸易术语解释technical standard ☆技术标准Incoterms 2000health and sanitary regulation ☆卫生检疫规定通则》and☆商品包装和标签规定packaging ex-point of origin ☆产地交货labelingregulation ☆船上交货，离岸价格free on board, FOB☆在运输工具旁交货☆红霉素free along side, FAS Ery ThrocinFood,☆《联邦食品、药品及化妆品Federalcost and freight , CFR ☆指定目的港成本加运费and DrugCosmetic Act \ 法》☆指定的目的港成本加保险费cost insurance and freight, CIFexport credit ☆出口信贷和运费s credit ' ☆买方信贷supplierex-dock ☆目的港码头交货☆国际商会ICCtied loan ☆约束性贷款export credit guarantee system ☆电子数据交换，electronic Data InterchangeEDI 无纸贸易/ ☆出口信贷国家保证制度FPA free carrier, FCA ☆平安险☆指定地点货交承运人carriage and insurance paid medium to, ☆运费和保险费付至指定目的☆中号smallCIP☆小号地sale by standard carriage paid to, CPT ☆运费付至……指定目的地☆凭标准买卖British Standard, BS☆工厂交货ex-works, EXW ☆英国标准Standards National American ☆费用付至船边…指定装运港☆美国国家标准化组织free alongside shipANSI ☆船舶吊货机Institute, winchesNF ☆法国标准☆装具索具s loading tackle ship'DINcrane☆德国标注☆吊货起重机，Standards ☆日本工业标准☆驳船上交货Japanese Industrial free on lighterJIS lighter'☆驳船船舷栏杆s railIE☆国际电工委员会指定地点☆边境交货() delivered at frontier, DAFfair average quality, FAQ ☆良好平均品质unloading costs ☆卸货费用quality,through document of transport ☆上好可销品质merchantable☆联运单证goodGMQ☆目的港船上交货delivered ex ship, DES☆目的港码头交货☆凭牌名或商标买卖delivered ex quay, DEQ sale by brand or trade mark☆码头交货（税迄）☆商品的牌名DEQ(duty paid) brandtrade mark ☆码头交货（关税未付）DEQ(dutiesonbuyer's ☆商标sale ☆凭产地名称或凭地理标志买of origin, account/duty unpaid) of sale by nameby geographical indication 卖☆未完税交货（目的地的指定delivered duty unpaid, DDUFrance perfume 地点）☆法国香水German beer delivered duty paid, DDP ☆完税后交货☆德国啤酒China plum ☆中国梅酒self-reference criterion ☆自我参照准则andby☆贝塔斯曼【德国】descriptionsale☆凭说明书和图样买卖Bertelsmann☆搜索引擎illustration search engine☆质量公差mailing lists ☆邮件列表quality toleranceweight DBMS ☆数据库管理系统☆重量☆公吨DDL☆数据定义语言metric ton☆长吨☆品名name of commodity long ton☆短吨☆品质quality of goods short tondescription ☆商品说明☆公斤kilogramInternational ☆国际标准化组织Organization for ☆磅poundounce Standardization，☆盎司ISOChina National Accreditation number ☆数量☆中国进出口商品生产企业认Import/Export ☆件piece 证机构认可委员会Boardfor☆双pair Enterprise Certifiers, CNABsale by sample set ☆套☆凭样品买卖sale by seller' s sample dozen ☆打☆凭卖方样品买卖sale by buyer gross ☆罗☆凭买方样品买卖's sampleoriginal sample /☆原样标准样品☆长度lengthkeep / duplicate sample /☆留样复样☆米meterreturn / counter sample ☆英尺foot 对等样品☆回样/sealed sample yard ☆码☆封样color sample ☆色彩样品area ☆面积pattern sample ☆花样款式样品☆平方米square metersale by description ☆凭文字说明买卖square foot ☆平方英尺sale by specifications ☆凭规格买卖volume ☆体积sale by grade ☆凭等级买卖/ cubic meter ☆立方米立方公尺superior quality ☆优等cubic foot ☆立方英尺ordinary quality ☆立方码☆中等cubic yardinferior quality ☆容积☆低等capacityindicative mark gallon ☆加仑☆指示标志protective mark /操作标志☆蒲式耳bushel 保护标志handle with care the metric system ☆小心搬运☆公制use no hooks the British system ☆英制☆请勿用钩warning mark ☆警告标志☆美制the U.S. systemseaworthy packing International system ☆国际单位制of ☆海运包装thecustomary packing 习惯包装Units, SIunit price ☆毛重☆单价gross weightnet weight ☆净重☆基础价格basic price☆以毛作净cost gross for net ☆成本freight tare ☆皮重☆运费commission ☆佣金☆实际皮重actual tare / real tareaverage/standard tare ☆净价net price /☆平均皮重标准皮重☆习惯皮重discount / rebate customary tare ☆折扣☆交货delivery computed tare ☆约定皮重☆纯净重shipment net net weight, NETT ☆装运time of delivery conditioned weight ☆交货时间☆公量☆理论重量time of shipment ☆装运时间theoretical weight ☆溢短装dates for shipment more or less ☆装运日期☆数量增减loading on board vessel ☆装船plus or minus☆约量☆发运dispatch about or circa or approximate☆机动幅度delivery tolerance ☆收妥待运accepted for carriage☆邮局收据日期date of post receipt cargo in bulk ☆散装货物nuded cargo ☆裸装货物☆收货日期date of pick uppacked cargo ☆包装货物☆接受监管taking in chargeconstructive delivery ☆全部包装full packed ☆推定交货actual delivery ☆局部包装part packed ☆实际交货spacesubjecttocase ☆以取得舱位为准☆箱shippingdrum ☆桶availablebag ☆获得出口许可证为准of ☆袋export subject to approval☆包license bale☆捆port of shipment bundle ☆装运港cargo afloat ☆路货☆纸箱carton☆木箱wooden case ☆目的港port of destinationEuropean main ports, EMP ☆铁桶☆欧洲主要港口iron drumAfrican main ports, AMP wood cask ☆非洲主要港口☆木桶Victoria plastic cask ☆塑料桶☆维多利亚paper bag ☆纸袋☆的黎波里Tripoli☆麻袋☆波特兰gunny bag PortlandBoston ☆塑料袋plastic bag ☆波士顿☆悉尼Sydney container ☆集装箱optional ports☆选择港☆标准箱unit,foot twenty equivalentshipment by installments 分期装运/TEU ☆分批装运liner transport ☆班轮运输☆托盘pallet☆班轮费率表freight tariff 集装包/☆集装袋flexible containerliner / berth term ☆班轮运输条件☆平板托盘flat pallet☆箱型托盘open rate box pallet ☆议价运费☆起码费率条码UPC☆universal product code, UPC minimum rate European article number 条码☆EANbasic freight rate ☆基本费率☆附加费identification mark additionals / surcharges ☆识标标志/ ☆燃油附加费main mark / shipping mark 唛头/☆主要标志adjustment bunker factor bunker surcharge, BAF/BSorder B/L ☆指示提单☆港口附加费port surchargeto order ☆港口拥挤附加费port congestion surcharge ☆凭指示☆货币贬值附加费currency adjustment factor, CAF ☆凭托运人指示to the order of shipperto the order of consignee deviation surcharge ☆凭收货人指示☆绕航附加费……bank ☆凭进口方银行指示☆转船附加费transshipment surcharge to the order of theendorsement ☆背书☆直航附加费direct additionalstraight B/L ☆记名提单☆选卸港附加费additional foroptionalbearer B/L destination ☆不记名提单clean B/L☆清洁提单for alteration of ☆变更卸货港附加费additionalunclean B/L / foul B/L ☆不清洁提单destinationshort form B/L ☆简式提单☆超重超长附加费heavylift,longlengthlong form B/L additionals☆全式提单stale B/L ☆货物分级表classification of commodities ☆过期提单on deck B/L for ☆甲板货提单加拿大航线等级费率scaleofclassrates☆中国-charter party B/L 表China-Canada service ☆租船合同下的提单house B/L shipping by chartering ☆运输代理行提单☆租船运输ante-dated B/L tramp ☆倒签提单不定期船运输advanced B/L ☆租船人charterer ☆预借提单☆船东ship's owner ☆集装箱运输container transportdry container ☆租船合同charter party ☆杂货集装箱☆冷藏集装箱refrigerated container ☆代表船东的经纪人ship broker☆代表租船人的租船代理chartering agent ☆散货集装箱solid bulk containeropen top container voyage charter ☆开顶集装箱☆定程租船flat rack container ☆框架集装箱/☆单程租船航次租船single voyage charter☆装货或卸货数量in taken or outturn quantity ☆罐状集装箱fank containercontainer freight station, CFS lump sum freight ☆集装箱货运站☆整船包干装费☆港站收据dock receper ☆来回程租船round trip chartercontainer yard, CY ☆连续航次租船consecutive trip charter ☆集装箱堆场☆内陆站inland deport ☆航次期租船voyage charter on time basisscheduled airline contract of affreightment ☆包运合同租船☆班机运输☆包机运输time charter chartered carrier ☆定期租船consolidation deadweight ton, Dwt ☆载重吨☆集中托运方式☆航空急件传送方式air express service ☆光船租船bare bat charterdesk to desk service 桌到桌运输rate of freight ☆运费率parcel post receipt ☆邮政包裹收据☆整船包价lump-sum freightfree out, F.O. ☆保险insurance ☆不负担卸货费☆不负担装货费free in, F.I.insurer ☆保险人insured free in and out, F.I.O. ☆不负担装货和卸货费☆被保险人/and stowed ☆海上风险海难perils of the sea out in ☆船方不管装卸、理舱和平舱free andextraneous risks trimmed, F.I.O.S.T. ☆外来风险natural calamities ☆速遣费dispatch money ☆自然灾害fortuitous accidents ☆滞期费demurrage ☆海上意外事故marine losses ☆海损☆海运提单ocean bill of lading, B/L/receipt for goods ☆货物收据☆纯粹风险单纯风险pure risksspeculative risks ☆投机风险evidence of contract ☆运输合同的证明☆物权凭证physical risks documents of title ☆自然风险☆许可转让quasi-negotiable ☆经济风险economic risks social risks ☆社会风险on board or shipped B/L ☆已装船提单property risks ☆财产风险received for shipment B/L ☆备运提单direct B/L ☆人身风险personal risks ☆直达提单liability risks ☆责任风险through B/L ☆联运提单S.B. policy ☆船、货保险单transshipment B/Ltheft, pilferage and non-delivery, ☆偷窃、提货不着险natural calamities ☆自然灾害TPNDheavy weather ☆恶劣气候damage, fresh ☆理舱不当faulty stowage ☆淡水雨淋险water &/or rainFWRD lightning ☆雷电and☆海啸risktsunami of☆混杂、玷污险intermixturecontamination washing overboard ☆浪击落海☆洪水flood risk of leakage ☆渗漏险☆地震☆碰损、破碎险earthquake risk of clash and breakagerisk of odour ☆串味险☆火山爆发volcanic eruptionhook damage ☆钩损险☆爆炸explosioncaused by sweating and damage stranding ☆搁浅☆受潮受热险on the rocks ☆触礁heatingsunk breakage of packing ☆包装破裂险☆沉没☆锈损险collision ☆碰撞risk of rustcapsized failure to delivery ☆交货不到险☆倾覆import duty risk jettison ☆投弃☆进口关税险sling loss ☆吊索损害on deck risk ☆舱面险piracy ☆海盗行为☆拒收险rejection risk☆黄曲霉毒素险☆船长、船员的不法行为aflatoxin barratry of master and mariner☆出口货物到香港（包括九龙）fire risk theft / pilferage extension clause ☆盗窃fordestination short-delivery and non-delivery at ☆短少和提货不着storage 或澳门存仓火险责任扩展条of cargo Kowloow ☆渗漏including leakage HongKong, 款shortage in weight or Macao ☆短量ocean marine cargo war risk clashing ☆碰损☆海运战争险additional expenses war risks breakage ☆破碎☆海运货物战争险的附加费用hook damage 险☆钩损fresh and rain water damage strikes risk ☆淡水淋雨☆罢工险covers rusting insurance contingency ☆卖方利益险☆生锈seller contamination '☆玷污s interest onlyinstitute cargo clauses, ICC sweating and heating ☆受潮受热☆协会货物条款overland transportation risks taint of odour ☆串味☆陆运险overland transportation all risks ☆陆运一切险☆全部损失（全损）total losscargo overland ☆路上运输货物战争险TL actual total loss, A transportation 绝对全损☆实际全损/war risks (by train) constructive total loss, CTL ☆推定全损（火车）air transportation risks ☆委付☆航空运输险abandonmentair transportation all risks ☆航空运输一切险notice of abandonment ☆委付通知air transportation cargo war risks partial loss ☆航空运输货物战争险☆部分损失（分损）☆邮包险☆共同海损parcel post risks general averageparcel post all risks ☆邮包一切险York-Antwerp Rules ☆约克·安特卫普规则particular average parcel post war risks ☆邮包战争险☆单独海损投保单☆不计免赔率☆要保书irrespective of percentage, IOP /application for insurancefloating policy ☆流动保险单诉讼及营救费用/☆施救费用/ sue & labour charges损害防止费用☆注销条款cancellation clausesalvage charges 开口保险单/☆救助费用open policy ☆预约保险单☆无效果无报酬no cure, no pay valuation clause ☆估价条款blanket policy / closed policy ☆《中国保险条款》China Insurance Clauses, CIC 闭口保险单/☆总括保险单☆恢复条款free from particular average,FPA ☆平安险reinstatement clauseparticularpolicy, insurance policy ☆保险单险☆水with average,insurance certificate W A/WPA☆保险凭证☆一切险combined certificate all risks☆联合凭证acceptance, documents drawee / payer ☆受票人/付款人☆承兑交单againstD/Apayee ☆收款人/收款人trust receipt, T/R ☆银行汇票☆信托收据banker's billT/R☆商业汇票D/Pcommercial bill ☆付款交单凭信托收据借单·☆即期汇票seller' sight bill / demand draft ☆卖方利益险s contingent interest risk☆货运单据shipping documents time bill / usance bill ☆远期汇票letter of credit, L/C ☆光票clean bill ☆信用证/信用状documentary bill ☆正本☆跟单汇票original☆商业承兑汇票copy ☆副本trader's acceptance billtriplicate ☆三份banker☆银行承兑汇票's acceptance billprimary liabilities for payment inland bill ☆国内汇票☆首要付款责任arrangement ☆约定foreign bill ☆国外汇票issue ☆严格符合的原则☆出票the doctrine of strict compliance☆自足文件self-sufficient instrument ☆提示presentationdocuments acceptance ☆承兑☆单据applicant ☆开征申请人payment ☆付款being opening bank / issuing bank ☆开征行☆付一不付二second of exchange☆受益人unpaid beneficiaryaddressee special endorsement ☆收件人正式☆记名//完全背书☆通知行advising bank / notifying bank endorsement in fullendorser ☆代理行correspondent bank ☆背书人endorsee☆转递行transmitting bank ☆被背书人negotiating bank endorsement blank ☆议付行☆空白背书paying bank holder ☆持票人☆付款行drawee bank ☆受票银行☆见票sightdiscount ☆贴现☆代付行paying bank agent☆保兑行☆拒付confirming bank dishonorbona fide holder ☆偿付行confirming bank ☆善意持有人clearing bank 信有证清银行☆拒绝证书protest notary public ☆当地公证人☆转让行transferring bank☆不受追索☆第一受益人first beneficiary without recourse☆本票promissory note 可转让信用证的转让人transferorsecond beneficiary ☆支票check / cheque ☆第二受益人transferee crossed check 可转让信用证的受让人☆划线支票certified check ☆保付支票☆承兑行accepting bank☆跟单信用证☆保付documentary credit to certifyremittance ☆光票信用证clean credit ☆汇付☆不可撤销信用证mail transfer, M/T ☆信汇irrevocable credit☆可撤销信用证☆电汇revocable credit telegraphic transfer, T/Tpayment in advance ☆预付货款☆保兑信用证confirmed credit☆货到付款payment after arrival of goods confirmed bank ☆保兑行first drawee ☆第一性付款人collection ☆托收unconfirmed credit ☆不保兑信用证☆委托人principal☆托收行sight credit ☆即期信用证remitting bankreimbursement ☆电汇索偿条款☆代收行T/T with L/C collecting bankpresenting bank ☆提示行clauseusance credit ☆远期信用证s representative in case principal' ☆委托人的代表☆银行承兑远期信用证of need bankers acceptance credit ' ☆托收委托书☆延期付款信用证collection order deferred payment credit ☆付款交单☆假远期信用证documents against payment, D/P usance credit payable at sightbuyer ☆买方远期信用证☆即期付款交单D/P at sight s usance credit ' payment credit ☆付款信用证D/P after sighttransshipments are permitted acceptance credit ☆承兑信用证☆允许转运inspection of the goods negotiation credit ☆货物的检验☆议付信用证commodity inspection available by negotiation 商品检验☆议付兑现delivery restricted negotiation credit ☆交付☆限制议付信用证inspection or examination open negotiation credit ☆检验或察看☆公开议付信用证freely negotiation credit ☆接受或拒收acceptance or rejection 自由议付信用证☆收到received transferable credit ☆可转让信用证☆商业单位commercial unit ☆可分割divisibleFGESfractionable ☆美国粮谷检验署☆可分开administration, food and drugs ☆可过户assignable ☆美国食品药物管理局FDAtransmissible ☆可转移underwriters laboratory, UL ☆美国保险人实验室☆不可转让信用证non-transferable creditLloyd's surveyor revolving credit ☆循环信用证☆英国劳合氏公证行Japan marine surveyors & sworn ☆可积累使用的循环信用证☆日本海事鉴定协会cumulative revolving credits association, NKKK measurer☆非积累使用的循环信用证'non-cumulative revolving creditAdministration of /☆背对信用证背对背信用证Import back to back credit ☆中或人民共和国国家进出口State CommodityExportsubsidiary or secondary credit 从属信用证商品检验局ands ' Inspection of the People☆对开信用证reciprocal creditRepublic of China, SACI anticipatory credit/prepaid credit ☆预支信用证Exportand☆中国进出口商品检验总公司☆全部预支信用证ChinaImportclean payment creditInspection☆红条款信用证Commodity red clause creditCorporation, CCICstandby L/C ☆备用信用证State Administration of Exit and commercial L/C 商业票据信用证☆中华人民共和国出入境检验Entry Inspection and Quarantine guarantee L/C 检疫局（国家出入境检验检担保信用证of the People's Republic performance L/C 疫局）履约信用证ofChina, CIQ bonding company ☆担保公司inspection certificateguarantee,bank ☆检验证书☆银行保证函letterofguarantee, L/C ☆品质检验证书inspection certificate of qualityinspection certificate of quantity ☆受益人☆数量（重量）检验证书beneficiary/ weight guarantor ☆担保人inspection certificate of packing ☆包装检验证书☆反向担保counter guarantee veterinary inspection certificate ☆兽医检验证书☆投标保函tender guaranteesanitary inspection certificate / ☆卫生（健康）检验证书☆履约保函performance guarantee☆还款保函inspection certificate of health repayment guaranteeinspection disinfection ☆前提条件condition precedent ☆消毒检验证书certificate ☆押金marginofcertificateopen by airmail ☆信开☆熏蒸证书inspectionfumigation☆电开open by telecommunication☆预通知信用证pre-advised credit ☆温度检验证书certificate of temperatureinspection certificate of origin confirmation ☆产地检验证书☆证实本inspection certificate of value negotiation☆价值检验证书☆议付oncertificate☆偿付授权书inspection reimbursement authorization ☆残损检验证书damaged cargo ☆索偿书reimbursement claim ☆偿付reimbursement/ tanks ☆保理factor☆验舱证书inspection certificate onholds☆国际保理服务international factoringcargo inspection on certificate ☆出口保理商export factor ☆货载衡量证书☆进口保理商weight and measurement import factordisputesforfaiting ☆福费庭☆争议☆无追索权without recourse ☆违反要件breach of conditionbreach of warranty ☆保函☆违反担保guarantee letterinnominate terms ☆无名条款promissory notes☆本票．intermediate terms material breach 中间条款☆重大违约minor breach ☆轻微违约☆根本违约fundamental breach☆非根本违约non-fundamental breachfrustration of contract 情势变迁☆合同落空/ ☆仲裁arbitration award☆裁决arbitration clause ☆仲裁条款submission ☆协议☆授引referencerecognition on ☆《承认和执行外国仲裁裁决the Convention公约》/ 《1958年纽约公约》and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awardsbooking note ☆托运单shipping order ☆装货单mate's receipt ☆收货单letter of indemnity ☆担保书☆．。