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山东省威海市文登区天福山中学2020学年八年级历史下学期期中试题一、选择题1．创新是一个民族发展的不竭动力。
我国古代开创了许多的制度，右图人物开创的制度是（）A．分封制B．科举制C．郡县制 D．行省制2．2020年，山西“黑砖窑事件”经新闻媒体报道后，震惊了全国，惊动了党中央和国务院，中央领导作出批示要求严肃查处，你认为应该采用下列哪一家思想处理（）A.儒家B.道家C.墨家D.法家3.图文结合是我们学习历史的一个重要方法，你知道为开通右图中这条东西方交通要道做出重要贡献的历史人物吗（）A．汉武帝 B．张骞 C．班超 D．甘英4．南宋抗战派大臣文天祥是钦点状元，资产阶级维新派代表人物康有为是举人，他们的“状元”“举人”是通过何种渠道取得的？（）A、世袭制B、推荐制C、任命制D、科举制5．“明志焚衣怒发冲，沙场浴血满弯弓。
北征未竟无须恨，东渡终成不朽功。
归葬祖茔千古祭，立碑故里万民崇。
登高远眺波涛涌，一统神州此愿同。
”这首诗称赞的历史人物是（）A. 郑和B.郑成功C.鉴真D.戚继光6．“西方殖民者几百年来只要在东方一个海岸线架起几尊大炮就可霸占一个国家的时代是一去不复返了”下列哪一事件是最有力的证明（）A．抗日战争的胜利 B．解放战争的胜利C．抗美援朝的胜利D．北伐战争7．流行语记录着人类生活的变化和观念的更新，带有明显的时代特征。
下列流行语在新中国出现的时间先后顺序是（）①“抗美援朝”②“一大二公”③“造反有理”④“招商引资”A、③①②④B、①②③④C、①③②④D、②①③④8．从2020年十月安倍的“破冰之旅”，到温家宝的“融冰之旅”，再到福田康夫的“迎春之旅”，中日之间春的气息越来越浓。
新中国成立后，第一个访问中国的日本首相是（）A．小泉纯一郎 B．中曾根康弘 C．田中角荣 D．桥本龙台郎9．在中国有一座城市，它为近代中国第一个不平等条约签上自己名字而受辱，它为抗战时期日军在这里杀害三十万中国同胞而饮恨，它就是（）A、北京B、上海C、南京D、天津10．“我们唱着东方红，当家作主站起来；我们唱着春天的故事，改革开放富起来……”歌词中赞扬的领导人民“当家作主站起来”和“改革开放富起来”的领袖人物分别是（）A．毛泽东、周恩来 B毛泽东、邓小平 C邓小平、江泽民D江泽民、胡锦涛11．属于改革开放后的事物是（）①大炼钢铁②人民公社③乡镇企业④家庭联产承包A．①② B．③④ C．①④ D．②③12．“吾国四千年大梦之唤醒，实自甲午战役割台湾，偿二百兆始。
山东省威海市文登市八校联考八年级（下）期中语文试卷（五四制）一、知识积累与运用（18分）1．（2分）下列加线词注音正确的一项是（）A．侏儒（rú）谀词（yú）眼翳（yì）颔首低眉（hán）B．锃亮（zèng）文绉绉（zōu）扶掖（yiè）广袤无垠（mào）C．亵渎（dú）绯红（fēi）一抔（póu）强聒不舍（guō）D．畸形（qí）磨蹭（cèng）诘责（jié）廓然无累（lèi）2．（4分）找出并修改下列词语中的错别字重蹈复辙磨磨蹭蹭正襟危坐藏污纳垢心无旁骛气宇轩昂郁郁寡欢深恶痛疾黯然失色自知之明不可明状冥思暇想3．（2分）对下面文段中所使用的修辞方法及其作用的理解有误的一项是（）①沿着一条弯曲小道迤逦而行，不知不觉就走进了画中。
②山青青，水碧碧，雨蒙蒙。
③烟雨之中，谁能数清楚山有几多重？④青山绿水，别有洞天。
⑤远方，烟雾弥漫，山峰若隐若现，朦朦胧胧，仿佛是一幅晕染的山水画一般。
⑥近处，青绿的溪水在我们的脚下喁喁私语。
⑦眼观之，耳听之，我们觉得仿佛要飘飘然飞起来了。
A．第②句用了排比的修辞方法，描绘了小道两边山青水碧、烟雨蒙蒙的美景B．第③句用了反问的修辞方法，突出了烟雨朦胧、层峦叠嶂的特点C．第⑤句用了比喻的修辞方法，形象地写出了山水画具有朦胧的美感D．第⑥句用了拟人的修辞方法，生动地写出了溪水潺潺流动的特点三、标题4．（7分）古诗词填空：（1）胡马依北风，。
《行行重行行》（2）角声满天秋色里，。
《雁门太守行》（3）可怜后主还祠庙，。
《登楼》（4），风头如刀面如割。
《走马川行奉送封大夫出师西征》（5）欲为圣明除弊事，。
《左迁至蓝关示侄孙湘》（6）《望月有感》中用比喻表达诗人辞别故乡，孤苦凄凉的句子是，。
5．（3分）法国作家在《名人传》中记叙了三位痛苦和磨难造就的伟人，他们分别是贝多芬、、。
2024届山东省威海市文登区八校联考八年级英语第二学期期末教学质量检测试题满分120分，时间90分钟一、完形填空(10分)1、阅读短文，从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。
Coming home from school, I opened the door of the living room. I was ____1____ by what I saw. Mother sat on the sofa and she was ____2____. I had never seen that.“Mother?” I said. “What happened?” she wiped away tears (擦掉眼泪) and put on a weak smile. “____3____ important. Just that I’m going to ____4____ the job at the radio station. I can’t type(打字) fast enough.”“You have been practicing typing on your green typewriter ____5____ and I believe you’ll catch on,” I said. “You always said you could do anything if you set your ____6____ to it.”“I think I can in most things,____7____ I can’t do this,” she said. She put her face ____8____ my shoulder (肩膀). Finding Mother in tears, I began very slowly to ____9____ the pressure on her. She was still my mother, but she was also a ____10____ person like me, capable of(会……的)fear, hurt and failure.week later, Mother took a ____11____ selling dry goods (商品、货物). But the evening practice on that green typewriter ____12____. I had a very ____13____ feeling now when I passed her door at night and heard her tapping away. I knew there was something more going on there than a woman learning to type.Several years later, Mother ____14____ took up working as a newspaper reporter. The green typewriter sits in my office now, unrepaired. When I have trouble writing an article and think about ____15____, I will think of my mom, looking at the typewriter. What keeps in my mind then is not her failure, but her will to go ahead.1. A. moved B. shocked C. excited D. interested2. A. crying B. laughing C. talking D. kidding3. A. Nothing B. Everything C. Something D. Anything4. A. change B. get C. lose D. achieve5. A. recently B. clearly C. suddenly D. actually6. A. force B. mind C. opinions D. feelings7. A. because B. so C. and D. but8. A. against B. over C. in D. with9. A. hide B. introduce C. understand D. hold10. A. unusual B. common C. sweet D. brave11. A. ticket B. hobby C. job D. trip12. A. developed B. worked C. stopped D. continued13. A. crazy B. peaceful C. different D. same14. A. successfully B. simply C. hardly D. quietly15. A. giving off B. giving up C. giving out D. giving away二、阅读理解（40分）2、businessman has a bird which he kept in a cage. He was going to India, the land from where the bird came. He asked the bird whether he could bring anything back for him. Instead, the bird asked for his freedom, but was refused. Then he asked the businessman to visit a jungle(丛林) in India and announce his captivity(囚禁) to the free birds who were there.The businessman did so, and almost immediately after he had spoken, a wild bird, just like his own, fell off a tree and lay on the ground near his feet, senselessly. The businessman thought that this bird must be an old friend of his own bird, and felt sad that he should have caused this death.When he got home, the bird asked him whether he had brought good news from India. “No,” said the businessman, “I’m afraid that my news is bad. One of your good friends fell from a tree suddenly and died at my feet when I told about your captivity. ”As soon as these words were spoken, the businessman’s bird collapsed and fell to the bottom of the cage. “Th e news of his friend’s death has killed him, too,” thought the businessman. Sadly he picked up the bird and put it on the windowsill (窗台). At once the bird got up and flew to a nearby tree. “ Now you know,” he said, “ what you thought was disaster was in f act _________ . The message you brought back was actually telling me how to free myself. ”1. Where did the bird come from?A. A cage.B. A nearby land.C. An Indian jungle.D. An Asian forest.2. What does the underlined part “ did so” refer to?A. set off for the India jungleB. did what his bird had told himC. set the cage bird freeD. captured another wild bird3. What did the bird do after hearing the message the business man brought back?A. He killed himself because of the news.B. He flew out of the cage.C. He pretended(假装) to be dead.D. He couldn’t say a word.4. What best fits the blank ___________?A. a test for youB. a warning for youC. a bad idea for meD. good news for me3、Earth is often called the Blue Planet. That’s because about three-fourths of the earth is covered by water. People think we are not short of water. In fact, they are wrong. Most of the water is salt water. We can find it in the world’s oceans. Only about 3% is fresh water that we can drink.Although you might think that most of the fresh water on the earth is found in the lakes and rivers, in fact, less than 1% of the fresh water can be found in these places. Around 70% of the earth’s fresh water is ice in the polar (极地的) places. They are far from us. And the water there is tough to transport (运输).The second greatest source (资源) of fresh water on the earth is under the ground. This kind of water is called groundwater. Places that don’t have fresh water from rivers and lakes depend on groundwater for drinking and other uses. Groundwater also can’t get away from pollution. Chemicals (化学制品) that are used in farming and factories can get into the ground.The earth has little usable water. Luckily, each of us can do something to save water. Kids and adults are saving water wisely in their own communities (社区). If we work together, we will have a better world.1. What percentage of the earth is covered by water?A. About 25%.B. About 75%.C. About 43%.D. About 85%.2. What does the underlined word “tough” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. DangerousB. Common.C. Difficult.D. Easy.3. Which one can lead to the pollution to underground water according to the passage?A. Chemicals.B. Ice.C. Rubbish.D. Rain.4. Which of the following is TRUE?A. People are not short of water.B. Most of the water in oceans is fresh water.C. We can find most of the fresh water in the rivers on the earth.D. About 70% of the earth’s fresh water is ice in the polar places.5. The purpose (目的) of the passage is to ________.A. tell the situation of fresh water on the earthB. ask people to save waterC. introduce different kinds of water on the earthD. talk about the pollution on the earth4、As my teacher called the students’ names, I was s itting there. The students went to receive their report cards happily. I watched their faces with envy and remembered my poor result last year. Since then, I have worked hard, but I wasn’t sure if I had made any progress.I was so worried that I didn’t he ar my teacher call my name, and my classmate pushed me heavily. I tried my best to keep mycool（保持冷静）and walked towards the teacher’s desk. The desk was only two meters away, but it seemed to be a long way for me to go.Time seemed to stop. My heart was beating fast and my hands were shaking badly when I received my report card. My teacher was sayi ng something, but I was so nervous that I couldn’t hear her. Soon, thunderous applause（雷鸣般的掌声）brought me out of the darkness, and I heard my teacher say, “Wonderful job!”When I opened my report card, I discovered an “A” on it. I couldn’t believe my eyes u ntil I gave it a second look. Then all my fears disappeared. I felt like I was flying in the air. I heard birds singing.Perhaps they were also congratulating（祝贺）me on my success. I was so glad that my hard work paid off.1. This story may happen ________.A. at homeB. in the morningC. in the playgroundD. after an examination2. What does the underlined（划线的）sentence mean?A. The writer didn’t like his classmates.B. The writer didn’t care about the result.C. The writer also wanted to get a good result.D. The writer was sure that he had made progress.3. Why did not the writer hear his teacher call his name?A. Because he was so worried.B. Because he tried to keep his cool.C. Because he was listening to the birds’ singing.D. Because he knew that he would get a good result.4. When the writer got the report card, he saw it ________.A. onceB. twiceC. three timesD. four times5. What can we know about the writer?A. He studies hard this year.B. He always gets good grades.C. He was ill when he received his card.D. He likes flying and singing in the air.5、When you speak, write a letter or make a telephone call, your words carry a message. People communicate with words.Do you think you can communicate without words?smile on your face shows you are happy or friendly. Tears in your eyes tell others that you’re sad or unhappy. When you putup your hand in class, your teacher knows you want to say something or ask some questions. You shake your head in China, and people know you are saying “no”. You nod in China, and people know you are saying “yes”. Other things can also carry messages. For example, a sign at the bus stop helps you know which bus to take. A sign on the wall of your school helps you to find the library.Signs on the door tell you where to go in or out. There are a lot of signs around you.You can receive messages from them all the time.People can communicate in many other ways. An artist can use his pictures to tell about the beautiful mountains, the blue sea and many other things. Books can tell you about all the wonderful things in the world and also about people and their ideas. Books, letters, TV, radio, films and Internet all help us to communicate with others. They all help us know the news in the world and what other people are thinking about.2题完成句子；3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下第五自然段的主题句；5题将文中画线部分句子翻译成汉语。
山东省威海市文登区八年级英语下学期期中试题希望你能愉快地度过这90分钟，祝你成功！一、单项选择（共10小题，计10分）( )1.---Do you know anything about Chopin?---Just a little. Chopin began to write _____ music at _______age of six.A. the , /B. the, anC. / , the( )2. ---Where did you go?--- The science museum. I ______ that the TV _____ after the car.A. learn; is inventedB. learned; was inventedC. learn; wasinvented( )3.---What did you say just now?---I asked you ________ after Candy became famous.A. how life was differentB. how life different wasC. how was lifedifferent( )4. ---Is she really ill?---______. She’s in hospital.A.I hope so.B. I’m afraid soC. Not at all. ( )5.--- Haven’t seen you for days. Where have you been?---I went to Hong Kong and _______ an international meeting for a week.A. took part inB. attendedC. joined( )6. ______terrible weather we’ve been having these days!A. How aB. What aC. What( )7.---_____the bus _____ just now? ---Yes, but it_______.A. has come; leftB. Did come; has leftC. Does come;left( )8. --- Did Cathy have problems ________ out the problems?---Yes. I found her _________ on it for nearly half an hour.A. work; to workB. to work; workingC. working; working ( )9. You ______ anything here ______ you are told to.A. can’t touch; afterB. can’t touch; unlessC. won’t touch,if( )10.I’m not sure if Tom _____. If he______, I will call you.A .comes; will come B. comes; comes C. will come; comes二、阅读理解（共四篇短文，20小题，计25分）阅读下面A、B、C三篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后面每小题所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案。
山东省威海市八年级（下）期中语文试卷（五四制）题号一二三四五六七总分得分一、默写（本大题共1小题，共7.0分）1.古诗词填空：（1）胡马依北风，______ 。
《行行重行行》（2）角声满天秋色里，______ 。
《雁门太守行》（3）可怜后主还祠庙，______ 。
《登楼》（4）______ ，风头如刀面如割。
《走马川行奉送封大夫出师西征》（5）欲为圣明除弊事，______ 。
《左迁至蓝关示侄孙湘》（6）《望月有感》中用比喻表达诗人辞别故乡，孤苦凄凉的句子是______ ，______ 。
二、选择题（本大题共2小题，共4.0分）2.下列加线词注音正确的一项是（ ）A. 侏儒（ rú）谀词（yú）眼翳（yì）颔首低眉（ hán）B. 锃亮（zèng）文绉绉（zōu）扶掖（yiè）广袤无垠（mào）C. 亵渎（dú）绯红（fēi）一抔（póu）强聒不舍（guō）D. 畸形（qí）磨蹭（cèng）诘责（jié）廓然无累（lèi）3.对下面文段中所使用的修辞方法及其作用的理解有误的一项是（ ）①沿着一条弯曲小道迤逦而行，不知不觉就走进了画中。
②山青青，水碧碧，雨蒙蒙。
③烟雨之中，谁能数清楚山有几多重？④青山绿水，别有洞天。
⑤远方，烟雾弥漫，山峰若隐若现，朦朦胧胧，仿佛是一幅晕染的山水画一般。
⑥近处，青绿的溪水在我们的脚下喁喁私语。
⑦眼观之，耳听之，我们觉得仿佛要飘飘然飞起来了。
A. 第②句用了排比的修辞方法，描绘了小道两边山青水碧、烟雨蒙蒙的美景B. 第③句用了反问的修辞方法，突出了烟雨朦胧、层峦叠嶂的特点C. 第⑤句用了比喻的修辞方法，形象地写出了山水画具有朦胧的美感D. 第⑥句用了拟人的修辞方法，生动地写出了溪水潺潺流动的特点三、其他（本大题共1小题，共4.0分）4.找出并修改下列词语中的错别字重蹈复辙磨磨蹭蹭正襟危坐藏污纳垢心无旁骛气宇轩昂 郁郁寡欢深恶痛疾 黯然失色 自知之明不可明状冥思暇想四、名著导读（本大题共1小题，共3.0分）5.法国作家______ 在《名人传》中记叙了三位痛苦和磨难造就的伟人，他们分别是贝多芬、______ 、______ 。
2022-2023学年山东省威海市文登区重点学校联考八年级（下）期中数学试卷（五四学制）一、选择题（本大题共10小题，共30.0分。
在每小题列出的选项中，选出符合题目的一项）1. 若式子x−2x−3有意义，则x的取值范围为( )A. x≥2B. x≠3C. x≥2且x≠3D. x≤2且x≠32. 下列方程是关于x的一元二次方程的是( )A. ax2+bx+c=0B. 1x2+1x=2C. x2+2x=x2−1D. 3(x+1)2=−33. 解下列方程：(1)(x−2)2=5；(2)x2−3x−2=0；(3)x2−4x−896=0，较适当的方法为( )A. (1)直接开平方法(2)公式法(3)配方法B. (1)因式分解法(2)公式法(3)公式法C. (1)直接开平方法(2)因式分解法(3)配方法D. (1)直接开平方法(2)公式法(3)因式分解法4.如图，在边长为4的菱形ABCD中，∠A=60°，E，F分别为AD，DC上的动点，∠EBF=60°，点E从点A向点D运动的过程中，AE+CF的长度( )A. 逐渐增加B. 恒等于4C. 先减小再增加D. 恒等于235. 化简二次根式a−a+1a2的结果是( )A. a−a−1B. −−a−1C. a−1D. −a−16. 已知一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0)中，下列说法不正确的是( )A. 若a+b+c=0，则b2−4ac>0B. 若方程两根为−1和2，则2a+c=0C. 若方程ax2+c=0有两个不相等的实根，则方程ax2+bx+c=0必有两个不相等的实根D. 若b=2a+c，则方程有两个不相等的实根．7. 下列说法正确的是( )A. 若x3−2x2=x x−2则x≥0B. 方程2x2−3x+2=0的两根之积为1C. 边长为5的菱形ABCD的两条对角线交于O点，且OA、OB的长分别是关于x的方程x2+(2m −1)x+m2+3=0的两根，则m等于−3D. 关于x的方程(a−5)x2−4x−1=0有实数根，则a满足a≥l且a≠58. △ABC中，CF⊥AB于F，BE⊥AC于E，M为BC的中点，若∠ABC=50°，∠ACB=60°，∠MEF的度数为度．( )A. 30B. 50C. 70D. 609. 如图，平行四边形ABCD中，∠B=60°，G是CD的中点，E是边AD上的动点，EG的延长线与BC的延长线交于点F，连接CE，DF，下列说法不正确的是( )A. 四边形CEDF是平行四边形B. 当CE⊥AD时，四边形CEDF是矩形C. 当∠AEC=120°时，四边形CEDF是菱形D. 当AE=ED时，四边形CEDF是正方形10. 如图，在正方形ABCD中，E为对角线AC上一点，连接DE，过点E作EF⊥DE，交BC延长线于点F，以DE，EF为邻边作矩形DEFG，连接CG.在下列结论中：①DE=EF；②△DAE≌△DCG；③AC⊥CG；④CE=CF.其中正确的是( )A. ②③④B. ①②③C. ①②④D. ①③④二、填空题（本大题共6小题，共18.0分）11. 最简二次根式a2−3与2a是同类二次根式，则a=______ ．12. 若a，b是方程x2+6x+6=0的两根，则ab +ba=______ ．13. 电影《长津湖》上映以来，全国票房连创佳绩．据不完全统计，某市第一天票房约2亿元，以后每天票房按相同的增长率增长，三天后累计票房收入达18亿元，将增长率记作x，则方程可以列为______．14. 若x=0是一元二次方程x2+b−1x+b2−4=0的一个根，则b的值是______ ．15. 如图，平行四边形ABCD中，AD=9cm，CD=32cm，∠B=45°，点M，N分别以A，C为起点，以1cm/秒的速度沿AD，CB边运动，设点M，N运动的时间为t秒(0≤t≤6)，连接AN，CM，当t=______ 时，四边形AMCN为菱形；16. 如图所示，四边形ABCD中，AC⊥BD于点O，AO=CO=4，BO=DO=3，点P为线段A C上的一个动点.过点P分别作PM⊥AD于点M，作PN⊥DC于点N.连接PB，在点P运动过程中，PM+PN+PB的最小值等于______ ．三、解答题（本大题共8小题，共72.0分。
初三数学亲爱的同学：你好！答题前，请仔细阅读以下说明：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷、第Ⅱ卷两部．第Ⅰ卷为选择题，第Ⅱ卷为非选择题，考试时间120分钟．2．不允许使用计算器．3．本次考试另设10分卷面分．希望你能愉快地度过这120分钟，祝你成功！第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共36分）一、选择题（本大题共12小题，每小题3分，共36分．1-10题在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个是正确的，每小题选对得3分，选错、不选或多选，均不得分；11题和12题在每小题给出的四个选项中，错选、不选得0分，漏选得1分，全部选对得3分）1ABCD2．下列计算正确的是A ．4＋(-2)2=0B ．=03223-C ．3=26÷D ．623⨯=33．若关于x 的方程x 2=-x -2a 没有实数根，则a 的取值范围是A ．a >81C ．a <-81B ．a <81D ．a >-81有意义，则实数m 的取值范围是4．若式子2(m -1)A ．m >-2C ．m ≥-2B ．m >-2且m ≠1D ．m ≥-2且m ≠15．如图，正方形ABCD 的面积为2，菱形AECF 的面积为1，则E ，F 两点间的距离为A ．1B ．2C ．22D ．26．若x 2+6x -7=0，则x =3x 2-x -2+A ．1C ．-77．对于方程t 2-3t -5=0，列表如下：B ．-32D ．-32或-7t -3-2-1…456t 2-3t -5135-1…-1513则t 的取值范围是A ．-3<t <-2或4<t <5C ．-2<t <-1或5<t <6B ．-2<t <-1或4<t <5D ．-3<t <-2或5<t <68．如果a ，b x 2-6x -2007=0的两个实数根，那么a 2-5a +b =A ．2013C ．2007B ．2001D ．09．将矩形纸片ABCD 按图所示的方法进行折叠，得到等腰Rt △BEF ，若BC =1，则BF =ABCDFBEDABCEFA ．2-1B ．22--12C ．2-2D ．2210．如图，点O 为矩形ABCD 的对称中心，点E 从点A 出发沿AB 向点B 运动，到达点B 处停止，延长EO 交CD 于点F ，则四边形AECF 的形状变化依次为A ．平行四边形→菱形→平行四边形→菱形B ．平行四边形→菱形→平行四边形→矩形C ．平行四边形→矩形→菱形→平行四边形D ．平行四边形→菱形→矩形→平行四边形11．如图，不能判定□ABCD 为菱形的是A ．∠ADB =90°B ．OA =OB C ．∠DAB =∠BDC D ．∠DCA =∠BCA12．如图，在正方形ABCD 中，AB =6，点E 在边CD 上，且CD =3DE ．将△ADE 沿AE 对折至△AFE ，点D 落在正方形内部点F 处，延长EF 交边BC 于点G ，连结AG ，CF ．下列结论正确的是A ．△ABG ≌△AFG B ．BG =GC C ．∠BAG =∠FCE D ．S △FGC =536第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，共84分）二、填空题（本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分，只要求填出最后结果）13．计算：(=．AD ECBFGABCDEFOABCD O14．如图，在矩形ABCD 中，对角线AC 与BD 交于点O ，过点A 作AE ⊥BD ，垂足为点E ，若∠EAC =2∠CAD ，则∠BAE =__________°．15．若方程2x 2-x -4=0的两个实数根为a ，b ，则a 1+b1=．16．如图，在菱形ABCD 中，P 是对角线AC 上一动点，过点P 作PE ⊥BC 于E ．PF ⊥AB 于点F ．若菱形ABCD 的周长为20，面积为24，则PE +PF 的值为．17=1=．18．如图，P 是正方形ABCD 内一点，AP =7，BP =4，CP =9，则∠APB =°，正方形ABCD 的面积是．三、解答题（本大题共7小题，共66分，写出必要的运算、推理过程）19．（本题满分6分）解方程：3x 2+10x -8=0．（用十字相乘法求解）20．（本题满分8分）计算：--．ABCDOABDC PBCAD第14题图第16题图第18题图21．（本题满分8分）已知：四边形ABCD 是平行四边形，以对角线AC 为斜边作Rt △ACE ，连接DE ，BE ，∠AEC =∠BED =90°．求证：四边形ABCD 是矩形．22．（本题满分9分）关于x 的方程x 2-2x +k +1=0的两个实数根是x 1，x 2．（1）求k 的取值范围；（2）若k 为整数，且满足x 1+x 2-x 1x 2<4，求k 的值．AB CE D23．（本题满分11分）已知：l 1∥l 2∥l 3∥l 4，点E 是l 1上的一点，过点E 作EH ⊥l 1，分别与l 2，l 3，l 4交于点F ，G ，H ．EF =GH =1，FG =3．将四边形ABCD 放在平行线中，使其四个顶点分别落在直线l 1，l 2，l 4，l 3上．（1）如图1，若四边形ABCD 是正方形，且点D 与G 重合，则正方形ABCD 的面积为；（2）如图2，若四边形ABCD 是菱形，且点A 与点E 重合，BD 的延长线过点H ，求菱形ABCD 的面积．l 1l 2l3l 4E F（G ）ABCD H图1l1l 2l 3l 4图2A （BCD E ）F HG24．（本题满分12分）【材料阅读】材料一：在进行二次根式化简与运算时，有时会遇到形如3+12的式子，可以通过分母有理化进行化简或计算．如化简：3+12．具体方法如下：方法一：3+122(1)=()(-1)=3-1．31332+-方法二：3-1．3+13+1)3-1)((3+13)2-12(3+13-13+1====材料二：我们在学习分式时知道，对于公式ab +ca a cb =+可以逆用．即：a acb a b +c +=．【问题解决】（1）化简：710-3=；（2）计算：⎪；⎪⎫⎭ ⎝⎪+ +⎛101+-+⎪⎫⎭ ⎝⎪+⎛4+-3+⎪⎫⎭ ⎝⎛3+-+1100199100131212121（3）计算：2120+2021143+33412+23122+1+ +++．图225．（本题满分12分）【源模：模型建立】白日登山望峰火，黄昏饮马傍交河．——《古从军行》唐李欣诗中隐含着一个有趣的数学问题，我们称之为“将军饮马”问题．关键是利用轴对称变换，把直线同侧两点的折线问题转化为直线两侧的线段问题，从而解决距离和最短的一类问题．“将军饮马”问题的数学模型如图所示：【新模1：模型应用】如图1，正方形ABCD 的边长为3，点E 在边AB 上，且BE =1，F 为对角线AC 上一动点，欲使△BFE 周长最小．（1）在图中确定点F 的位置（要有必要的画图痕迹，不用写画法）；（2）△BFE 周长的最小值为．【新模2：模型变式】（3）如图2，在矩形ABCD 中，AB =5，AD =4，在矩形ABCD 内部有一动点P ，满足S △P AB =41S 矩形ABCD ，则点P 到A ，B 两点的距离和PA +PB 的最小值为．【超模：模型拓广】（4）如图3，∠ABD =∠BDE =90°，AB =2，BD =DE =3．请构造合理的数学模型，并（x >0）的最小值．定点动点定点CDBPAABCDEABED图1图3初三数学答案及评分标准关于卷面评分标准：分四档，一档9—10分，占20%；二档6—8分，占40%；三档4—5分，占20%；四档0—3分，占20%．一、选择题（每小题3分，共36分）BDADA ABAAB 11．ABC ；12．ABC 二、填空题（每小题3分，共18分）13．-1；14．22.5；15．41-；16．524；17．2；18．135，22865+．【18题分别为1分，2分】三、解答题（共66分）19．（6分）解：方程化为0)4)(23(=+-x x ．------------------------------------------------------4分解得，43221-==x x ，．-----------------------------------------------------------------6分20．（8分）解：原式=31345+----------------------------------------------------------------7分=334-．----------------------------------------------------------------------------------8分21．（8分）证明：连接BD ，交AC 于O ，连接EO ．------------------------------------------1分∵四边形ABCD 是平行四边形，∴AO =CO ,BO =DO ．--------------------3分∵∠AEC =∠BED =90°，∴AC BD EO 2121==，---------------6分∴AC =BD ．∴四边形ABCD 是矩形．-------------8分22．（9分）解：（1）∵方程0122=++-k x x 有两个实数根，∴Δ≥0．-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1分即)1(4442+-=-k ac b ≥0．------------------------------------------------------------2分解得0≤k ．--------------------------------------------------------------------------------3分（2）∵221=+x x ，121+=k x x ，---------------------------------------------------5分∴412<--k ．----------------------------------------------------------------------6分∴3->k ．--------------------------------------------------------------------------------7分由（1）0≤k ，可得03≤<-k ．------------------------------------------------------8分ABCE D O∵k 为整数，∴k =-2，-1，0．--------------------------------------------------------------------------9分23．（11分）解：（1）17--------------------------------------------------------------------------------3分（2）连接AC ．由菱形ABCD ，可求得AC =25．---------------------------------------------------5分易得∠AHB =45°．----------------------------------------------------------------------6分可求得△BFH ，△DGH 都是等腰直角三角形．----------------------------------8分由FH =4，GH =1，可求得BH =24，DH =2．--------------------------------------------------------9分故BD =23．----------------------------------------------------------------------------10分所以S 菱形ABCD =15．---------------------------------------------------------------------11分24．（12分）解：（1）710+．--------------------------------------------------------------------2分（2）原式==101991002534242323122--++--+--+-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6分=10110012-+-=10192-+．------------------------------------------------------------------------7分（3）21202021143341322312121++++++++ =)21202021)(21202021(21202021()4334)(4334()4334()3223)(3223()3223()212)(212()212(-+-++-+-+-+-+-+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9分=42021202021124334632232212-++-+-+- =2121202044333322221-++-+-+- ------------------------------11分=2121-21-------------------------------------------------------------------------------12分325．（12分）解：（1）如图．-----------------------------------------1分（2）113+．-----------------------------------------3分（3）41．-------------------------------------------6分（4）如图．---------------------------------------------8分设BC 为x ，易得42+=x AC ，9)-32+=x CE （．+AC +CE 的最小值．---------------10分在Rt △GFE 中，EF =5，GF =3，由勾股定理得34=GE ．--------------------------------------------------------11分的最小值为34．----------------------------12分2AC B DEFG x 3-x 3A B C D F E。
