5-1 An AM broadcast transmitter is tested by feeding the RF output into a 50-Ω (dummy) load. Tone modulation is applied. The carrier frequency is 850 kHz and the FCC licensed power output is 5,000 W. The sinusoidal tone of 1,000 Hz is set for 90% modulation.(a) Evaluate the FCC power in dBk (dB above 1 kW) units.(b) Write an equation for the voltage that appears across the 50-Ω load, giving numerical values for all constants.(c) Sketch the spectrum of this voltage as it would appear on a calibrated spectrum analyzer.(d) What is the average power that is being dissipated in the dummy load? (e) What is the peak envelope power? Solution ：(a) FCC power:500010lg 6.99()1000dBK ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭()()()():c o s 20001000900.9501cos m m m c c b Let m t A t f H z A s t A m t tπω==→=∴Ω=+⎡⎤⎣⎦是％调制负载上通过的电压为：()707[10.9 cos (2000)]cos[2850,000]s t t t ππ=+(c)])cos[(2)707(9.0])cos[(2)707(9.0cos 707)(t t t t s m c m c c ωωωωω++-+=212500050c A =707c A V=(d)50Ω负载上的平均功率：()222A V G real 210.921505020.95000170252c A st P w<>⎡⎤==+⎢⎥⎣⎦⎡⎤=+=⎢⎥⎣⎦(e) (){}[]222PEP P 1max 500010.918050250cA m t w =+=⨯+=⎡⎤⎣⎦⨯5-2 An AM transmitter is modulated with an audio testing signal given by()120.2sin 0.5cos m t t t ωω=+, where 1500f Hz =,2f =,and 100c A =.Assume that the AM signal is fed into a 50Ω load. (a) Sketch the AM waveform. (b) What is the modulation percentage?(c) Evaluate and sketch the spectrum of the AM waveform. Solution: ()()12100(10.2sin 0.5cos )cos c a s t t t t ωωω=++2222221110.9()()12222c c cs t A A m t A ⎡⎤<>=+<>=+⎢⎥⎣⎦5-4 Assume that an AM transmitter is modulated with a video testing signal given by ()10.20.6sin m t t ω=-+,where f 1=3.57MHz. Let A c =100. (a) Sketch the AM waveform.(b) What are the percentages of positive and negative modulation? (c) Evaluate and sketch the spectrum of the AM waveform about f c .Solution:()()()()()()1110.20.6sin 3.57;1001001cos 1000.80.6sin cos m c c c a m t t f f M H zA s t m t t t tωωωω=-+====+=+()m ax m in140100%pos.m od.40%10010020%neg.m od.80%100ccc cA A b A A A A --===--===()()()()()04015c c m c m c f Sff f j f f f f f f δδδ>=------+⎡⎤⎣⎦5-5 A 50,000-W AM broadcast transmitter is being evaluated by means of a two-tonetest.The transmitteris connected to a 50-Ω load, and()1111cos cos 2m t A t A t ωω=+, where f 1=500 Hz. Assume that a perfect AMsignal is generated.(a) Evaluate the complex envelope for the AM signal in terms of A 1 and ω1. (b) Determine the value of A 1 for 90% modulation.(c) Find the values for the peak current and average current into the 50-Ω load for the 90% modulation case. Solution:(a))]2cos (cos 1[2236)](1[)(V2236)50(2000,501112t t A t m A t g A A C c cωω++=+==⇒=(b)()1111111cos 2c c os 2os []cos A t t m t A t A t ωωωω=++=to find [m (t )]min : x (θ) = cos θ +cos2θ()sin 2sin 20dx d θθθθ=--=sin 4sin cos θθθ-=125.1)5.104(5.104-=︒︒=x θ()()()111min 104.51.12min 0.905.8om t A m A x At -=→=⎡==-⎡⎤⎣⎤⎣⎦⎦m ax 1M I N 1m ax m in112236[12]2236[1 1.125]3.1250.900.57622cA A A A A A A A A =+=--==⇒=另解：(c)m ax m ax m ax m ps1112236[12(0.8)]5813.6volts116.272 50()2236[10.8(cos cos 2)]cos 0 Av c c A A I A I s t t t tfor ωωωωω=+=====++⋅=>>m ax m ax m ax m ps1112236[12(0.576)]4811.9volts96.238 50()2236[10.576(cos cos 2)]cos 0 c c A A I A s t t t tfor ωωωωω=+====++⋅=>>另解：∴ mps A 0I Av =5-12 SSB signals can be generated by the phasing method shown in Fig. 5-5a, by the filter method, of Fig. 5-5b, or by the use of Weaver ’s method [Weaver, 1956], as shown in Fig. P5-12. For Weaver ’s method (Fig. P5-12), where B is the bandwidth of m (t ),(a) Find a mathematical expression that describes the waveform out of each block on the block diagram.(b) Show that s (t) is an SSB signal.Figure P5-12 Weaver ’s method for generating SSB.Solution:)cos(212cos )(1Bt t B t V ππ=⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡++-=↔==)21()21(21)()cos()()()()(313B f M B f M f V Bt t m t V t m t V π⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡++--=↔==)21()21(21)()sin()()()()(424B f M B f M j f V Bt t m t V t m t V π⎪⎭⎪⎬⎫⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧<⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡++-=⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎬⎫⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧<=elsewhere ,021||,)21()21(21elsewhere f ,021|| ),()(45f Bf B f M B f M B f f V f VLikewise ⎪⎭⎪⎬⎫⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧<⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡++--=elsewhere ,021||,)21()21(21)(6f B f B f M B f M f V ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=t B f t v t V c 212cos )()(59π⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎬⎫⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧<++⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡++++-++<--⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+--+---=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+++⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--=⇒elsewhere 21|21|,0,)2121()2121(21|21|,)2121()2121(41 212121)(559f B B f f B B f f M B B f f M B B f f B B f f M B B f f M B f f V B f f V f V c c c c c c c ccc c c c c c c c c f f B f B B f f B f f f B B f f B B f BB f f B B B f f -<<--⇒<+++<<⇒++<<-+⇒<--<-⇒<--21|21| Likemise 21212121 21212121|21:|AsideThus,[][]⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎬⎫⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧-<<--+++++<<-+--=elsewhere ,0,)()(41,)()(41)(9f f f B f B f f M f f M B f f f f f M B f f M f V c c c c c c c cLikewise⎪⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎪⎬⎫⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧<++⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+++--++<--⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+--+----=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+++⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛---=elsewhere 21|21|,0,)2121()2121(4121|21|,)2121()2121(41212121)(6610f BB f f B B f f M B B f f M B B f f B B f f M B B f f M B f f V B f f V j f V c c c c c c c c[][]⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎬⎫⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧-<<--++-++<<-+---⇒elsewhere ,0,)()(41,)()(41)(10f f f B f B f f M f f M B f f f f f M B f f M f V c c c c c c c cputout=s(t) = v 9(t)+v 10(t ))()()(109f V f V f s +=⇒5-13 An SSB-AM transmitter is modulated with a sinusoid ()15cos m t t ω=, where1112,500,and 1c f f Hz A ωπ===. (a) Evaluate ()ˆmt . (b) Find the expression for a lower SSB signal.cc c f c -S(t) is a USSB signal⇒ USSBf f f B f f f M B f f f f f M f S c c c c c c =⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎬⎫⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧-<<--++<<-=⇒elsewhere ,0),(21),(21)((c) Find the rms value of the SSB signal. (d) Find the peak value of the SSB signal.(e) Find the n ormalized average power of the SSB signal. (e) Find the normalized PEP of the SSB signal. Solution:()()1ˆ5sin a mt t ω= ()()()()()111ˆcos sin 5cos cos 5sin sin 5cos c c c c c b s t m t t mt t t t t t tωωωωωωωω=+=+=-()()15cos c s t t ωω=-()()22552rms c st V <>=→==()5P d V V =()()2252e st w <>=()252P E P f P w =5-18 A phasing-type SSB-AM detector is shown in Fig. P5-18. This circuit is attached to the IF out-put of a conventional superheterodyne receiver to provide SSB reception.(a) Determine whether the detector is sensitive to LSSB or USSB signals. How would the detector be changed to receive SSB signals with the opposite type of sidebands?(b) Assume that the signal at point A is a USSB signal with f c = 455 kHz. Find the mathematical expressions for the signals at points B through I . (c) Repeat part (b) for the case of an LSSB-AM signal at point A .(d) Discuss the IF and LP filter requirements if the SSB signal at point A has a3-kHz bandwidth.Figure P5-18Solution: (a)ˆ()()cos ()sin ''''A c c s t m t t m t t U SSBL SSBωω=-→+→()cos D c s t t ω=2ˆ()()()()cos ()sin cos ˆ()()(1cos 2)sin 222B A D c c c c c s t s t s t m t t mt t t m t m t t tωωωωω===+()()2c m t s t =()sin E c s t t ω=2()()()ˆ()sin cos ()sin ˆ()()sin 2(1cos 2)22F A E c c c c c s t s t s t m t t t m t t m t m t t t ωωωωω===-ˆ()()2G m t s t =()()()2H m t s t =-I :()()()()()()22,(),I c H m t m t s t s t s t U SSB m t LSSB=-=+⎧=⎨⎩To receive USSB signals, Additive V H (t ) from V C (t) at the summer.CHI(b) see part (a.) (c) see part (a.)(d) IF should be cantered atf c ±1.5 kH z,LSSBU SSBhave 3kHz BW and as small aroll-off factor as is economically feasible. LPF should have 3 kHz BW and as small a roll-off factor as is feasible, also.5-20 A modulated signal is described by the equations (t )=10 cos[(2π⨯108)t+10 cos (2π⨯103t )] Find each of the following: (a) Percentage of AM.(b) Normalized power of the modulated signal. (c) Maximum phase deviation. (d) Maximum frequency deviation. Solution: (a) ma xm i nc A AA ==0% A M∴ (b) W 502/10/2/22norm ===c A P()()()()()()310cos 2102210101502j tj t c org t e A eg t st g t wπθ===∴<>=<>=(c) m ax 10 radions θ∆=(d)kHz10102)2000(102)2000sin()2000(10)()(4===∆=∆-==πππωππθωd d F t dt t d t5-23 A MF signal has sinusoidal modulation with a frequency of f m =15KHzand modulation index of 2.0β=.(a) Find the transmission bandwidth by using carson ’s rule.(b)What percentage of the total FM signal power lies within the carson rule bandwidth?Solution:().cos 22(1)231590m m T m a m t A f tB f KHzπβ==+=⨯⨯=()()()()012320.223920.576720.352820.1289J J J J ====在卡森带宽内取了三次边频：()()()()()()()()2222222201232222201231111222222222.122222299.75%c c c c c A J A J A J A J b A J J J J ⎡⎤+⨯++⎢⎥⎣⎦∴⎡⎤=+⨯++=⎣⎦5-26 A modulated RF waveform is given by []1500cos 20cos c t t ωω+, where1112,1,100c f f K H z and f M H z ωπ===.(a) If the phase deviation constant is 100 rad/V , find the mathematical expression for the corresponding phase modulation voltage ()m t . What is the peak value and its frequency?(b) If the frequency deviation constant is 6110/rad V s ⨯⋅, find the mathematical expression for the corresponding FM voltage ()m t . What is the peak value and its frequency?(c)If the RF waveform appears across a 50Ω load, determine the average powerand the PEP.Solution:.:a PM.:b FM()22150012522s c RF P A KW ===波形的规一化功率：()12500025005050s real PEP P P W P Ω====通过50负载后：5-46 A digital baseband signal consisting of rectangular binary pulses occurring at a rate of 24 kbits/s is to be transmitted over a bandpass channel.(a) Evaluate the magnitude spectrum for OOK signaling that is keyed by a baseband digital test pattern consisting of alternating 1’s and 0’s.(b) Sketch the magnitude spectrum and indicate the value of the first null-to-null bandwidth . Assume a carrier frequency of 150 MHz.(c) For a random data pattern, find the PSD and plot the result. Compare this1()cos[()]500cos[20cos ]100()20cos 210001()cos 210005c c c P S t A t D m t t t m t tm t tωωωππ=+=+∴==[]()166()cos[()]500cos[20cos ]10()20cos 2100020()sin 2100021000104sin 21000100t c c c f t S t A t D m t dt t t m t dt t m t t tωωωπππππ-∞-∞=+=+∴==-=-⎰⎰result with that obtained in parts (a) and (b) for alternating data. Solution:(a) Evaluate the magnitude spectrum for OOK signaling that is keyed by a baseband digital test pattern consisting of alternating 1’s and 0’s.()()cos c c s t A m t t ω= , m (t )为单极性 OOK : ()()c g t A m t =0000000/4/4/4/4/2/20000()1sin(/2)2/2/2sin(/2)()()() 2/211 w here:22jn tn n T jn tT jn tc n c T T jn jn c c cn n n bg t C eA eC A edt T T jn A A e en T jn T n A n G f C f nf f nf n R f T T ωωωππωππππδδπ∞=-∞-----∞∞=-∞=-∞===⋅--==-⎡⎤=-=-⎢⎥⎣⎦===∑⎰∑∑*1()[()()]2c c S f G f f G f f =-+--(b) Sketch the magnitude spectrum and indicate the value of the first null-to-null bandwidth. Assume a carrier frequency of 150 MHz.48null B K H z =(c) For a random data pattern, find the PSD and plot the result. Compare this result with that obtained in parts (a) and (b) for alternating data.48null B K H z =The null-to-null bandwidth is the same for both (b) and (c). Both have sinx/x type spectral envelope.5-47 对于BPSK 调制，重做5.46的(a)(b)(c)()()U nipolar N R Zc g t A m t =→22sin ()()4cb g b b A fT P f f T fT πδπ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎢⎥=+ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦1()[()()]4s g g c c P f P f f P f f =-+--()()cos c c s t A m t t ω= ,(a)(b)()/2/2b b b b t T t T p t T T ⎡⎤⎡⎤+-=-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦∏∏ ()()()0nm t p t t nT δ=*-∑()()()()()2/22/22sin b b bbj fT j fT b b b b j fT j fT b b b b bP f T Sa fT eT Sa fT eT Sa fT e ej T Sa fT fT πππππππππ--=-⎡⎤=-⎣⎦=()()()()12sin()22sin()2/2sin(/2)2b b b nb b b b n b n b n Mf j T Sa fT fT f T T n jSa fT fT f T n j Sa n n f T ππδππδππδ⎛⎫=⋅- ⎪⎝⎭⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭∑∑∑()()[()()]2c c c A S f Mf f f f f δδ=*-++(c) ()()cos c c s t A m t t ω= m(t)为极性NRZ()()c g t A m t =()()22sin b gc b b fT P f A T fT ππ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭()()()14sgc g c P fP f f P f f ⎡⎤=-+--⎣⎦5-49 Evaluate the magnitude spectrum for an FSK signal with alternating 1 and 0 data. Assume that the mark frequency is 50 kHz, the space frequency is 55 kHz, and the bit rate is 2,400 bits/s. Find the first null-to-null bandwidth. Solution:The result if given by (5-86).f 1: : =50KHz f 2 : =55KHz R : = 2.4 Kbit/s where f2>f121f f h R-=A C := 1122c f f f +=Solution:By problem 5.46:0000*sin(/2)()()() 2/211w here:221()[()()]2c n bc c A n G f C f nf f nf n R f T T S f G f f G f f πδδπ∞∞-∞-∞⎡⎤=-=-⎢⎥⎣⎦====-+--∑∑()()1122()cos()cos()FSK n b c n n b c n s t a p t nT A t a p t nT A t ωθωθ⎡⎤=-⋅+⎢⎥⎣⎦⎡⎤+-⋅+⎢⎥⎣⎦∑∑()()nbnm t a p t nT =-∑null (5550)2 2.49.8kH zB =-+⨯=b.()()c g t A m t =22sin ()()4c b g b b A fT P f f T fT πδπ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎢⎥=+ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦1()[()()]4s g g c c P f P f f P f f =-+--null (5550)2 2.49.8kH zB =-+⨯=5.53 A binary baseband signal is pass through a raised cosine-rolloff filter with a 50% rolloff factor and is then modulated onto a carrier. The data rate is 64 kbits/s. Evaluate(a) The absolute bandwidth of a resulting OOK signal.(b) The approximate bandwidth of a resulting FSK s ignal when the mark freqwency is 150KHz and the space freqwency is 155KHz.(Note: It is interesting to compare these bandwidths with those obtained in probs. 5-46 and 5-49) Solution:()0643222R f K H z ===()()010.5321.548B f K H z =+=⨯= a. OOK()()0210.548296OOK B f KHz =+=⨯=b. FSK()()()212155150248101FSK B f f B KHz =-+=-+⨯=5-58 Assume that a QPSK signal is used to send data at a rate of 30 Mbits/s over asatellite transponder. The transponder has a bandwidth of 24 MHz.(a) If the satellite signal is equalized to have an equivalent raised cosine filter characteristic, what is the rolloff factor r required?(b) Could a rolloff factor r be found so that a 50-Mbit/s data rate could be supported?Solution:for QPSK M=4, l=2(a) If the satellite signal is equalized to have an equivalent raised cosine filtercharacteristic, what is the rolloff factor r required?0.6 6.130)24(2)1(230)1(24===+⇒+=⇒r or r r(b) Could a rolloff factor r be found so that a 50-Mbit/s data rate could besupported?()r f B +=10()021T B f r =+()021T B f r =+502424(1)(1)225r r ⇒=+⇒+=A rolloff factor ,r could not be found support 50Mb/s QPSK signaling5.62 Assume that a telephone line channel is equalized to allow bandpass data transmission over a frequency range of 400 to 3100Hz so that the available channel bandwidth is 2700Hz and the midchannel frequency is 1750Hz. Design a 16-symbol QAM signaling scheme that will allow a data rate of 9600 bits/s to be transferred over the channel. In you design, choose an appropriate rolloff factor r and indicate the absolute and 6-dB QAM signal bandwidth. Discuss why you selected the particular value of r that you used. 5.62 Solution:31004002700Q AM B H z =-= 49600162424004M l D Bd ==→=→==()()131004002400127000.125D r r r +=-→+=→=62400dB B D Hz ==习题：5.69 5.715.69 Plot the MSK Type I modulation waveforms x(t) and y(t).5.71 Plot the MSK TypeⅡmodulation waveforms x(t) and y(t).5.67 For π/4 QPSK signal,(a) Caculate the carrier phase shifts when the input data stream is 10110100101010 , where the leftmost bits are first applied to the transmitter.(b) Find the absolute bandwidth of the signal if r=0.5 raised cosine-rolloff filtering is used and the data rate is 1.5Mbits/s.Solution:For π/4 QPSK signal, M=4 ,l=2 0 1.52(1)(1)(1)(10.5) 1.1322T R B f r D r r M H z =+=+=+=+=。
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