高考英语语法一轮复习──动词的时态和语态
一、现在时
1. 一般现在时：基本结构：do / does / be (am/is/are)
用法：
(1) 表示现在的习惯动作、状态。
(2) 表示客观规律、真理；特征、性格等。
(3) 用于标题，小说、剧本、图片等中的情节介绍。
(4) 用于时间、条件、让步状从中，表将来。
(5) 表示按计划、规定的时间发生的动作，如时刻表等。仅限于come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return
等趋向动词。
(6) 用于一些完全倒装句，表示进行意义。
2. 现在进行时：基本结构：be(am/is/are) doing;
用法：
(1) 表示现在、现阶段正在发生、进行的动作。
(2) 表示按计划或已安排好的事情，只限于go, come, leave, arrive, start, return, stay, sail, fly 等动词。
(3) 与always, forever, constantly, continually等副词连用，表示反复出现的习惯性动作，往往含有赞赏或
厌恶的感情色彩。
注意：1. 表示感觉、心理、结果性的动词一般不用于进行时。
2. 常见表进行的副词、介短：in progress in operation on show
3. 现在完成时：基本结构：have/has done
用法：
(1) 过去发生且结束，但对现在造成影响。
(2) 过去发生且持续到现在。
(3) 在以下两个句型中，其从句要求用现在完成时：
It (This) is the first (last, second, third) time that…
It (This) is the best (worst, most interesting,…) + n. + that…
4.现在完成进行时：基本结构：have/has been doing…
用法：表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。
巩固练习：
1. I’ve won a holiday for two days to Florida. I ________ my mum.
A. am taking
B. have taken
C. will have taken
D. take
2. Because farmland ________ quickly, the government is considering solving the problem.
A. is being lost
B. is lost
C. is losing
D. loses
3. John and I ________ friends for 8 years. We first got to know each other at a party. But we ________ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; have been
B. have been; have been
C. had been; had seen
D. have been; had seen
4. Dad will come to see me when I ________ the training course.
A. will have finished
B. will finish
C. are finishing
D. Finish
5. —Did he notice you enter the room?
—I don’t think so. He ________ to the radio with his eyes shut.
A. listened
B. was listening
C. has listened
D. had listened
6. We ________ our new neighbors yet, so we don’t know their names.
A. don’t meet
B. won’t meet
C. haven’t met
D. hadn’t met
7. I have to go to work by taxi because my car ________ at the garage.
A. will be repaired
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. be repaired
8. —________ leave at the end of the month.
—I don’t think you should do that until ________ another job.
A. I’m going to; you’d found
B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find
D. I’ll; you’d find
9. I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ________ on it for an hour.
A. has been working
B. will have worked
C. will have been working
D. had worked
10. The father as well as his three children ________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A. is going
B. go
C. goes
D. are going
二、过去时
1. 一般过去时：基本结构：did/be(was/were)
用法：
(1) 表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与yesterday, last night, a moment ago, the next day 等过去的具体时
间状语连用。
(2) 表示过去习惯性动作，可用used to / would + do结构。
(3) 用于时间、条件、让步状从中，表示过去的将来。
(4) 用于虚拟语气中：1）用于if条件从句中，表示对现在、将来的虚拟；2）在wish / as if / if only / would
rather / It is time等+从句中，表示对现在或将来的虚拟。
(5) 表示刚才或过去不知，现在或说话时已知。
(6) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。表示委婉语气的动词有want, hope,
wonder, think, intend 等，及情态动词could, would。
2. 过去进行时：基本结构：be (was/were) + doing
用法：
(1) 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作。
(2) 表示从过去的某一时间来看按计划会发生的事情，只限于go, come, leave, arrive, start, return, stay, sail,
fly 等动词。
(3)用来描述一件事情发生的背景，即一个长动作延续的时另一个短动作已经发生。
3. 过去完成时：基本结构：had + done 总概念：过去的过去。
用法：
(1) 用于主从复合句中：两个动作皆发生在过去，前一个动作用过去完成时。
(2) 用于时间状语为“by + 过去时间”的句子中。
(3) 表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算、希望，只限于表示意向的动词，如think, hope, wish, expect, intend,
plan, mean 等，意为“原本……但未能……”。
(4) 用于“hardly/scarcely…when; no sooner…than”的主句中。
(5) 用于虚拟语气中：表示与过去的事实相反。
巩固练习：
1. Thousands of people took part in the work when the dam ________.
A. was built
B. built
C. was being built
D. would be built
2. Mr. James ________ a city bus for 20 years. Now he has retired.
A. was driving
B. drove
C. has driven
D. had driven
3. We ________ that you would be able to visit us, but you didn’t.
A. expected
B. expect
C. had expected
D. were expecting
4. Rose ________ a book about China last month, but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing
