青岛大学881教育管理学2016-2017年考研专业课真题试卷

教育硕士入学考试教育综合真题青岛大学2017年(总分150, 做题时间180分钟)一、简答题(每小题10分，共计60分)1. 简述教学过程中的几个必然联系。

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI2. 新一轮基础教育课程改革的具体目标有哪些?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI3. 简述有关教育目的两个典型的价值取向。

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI4. 根据皮亚杰的观点，教学中如何发展儿童的认知能力?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI5. 简述陈述性知识获得的机制。

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI6. 简述加德纳的多元智力理论。

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI二、论述题(每小题30分，共计60分)1. 个体身心发展有哪些规律?针对这些规律你认为应该采取怎样的教育措施?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI2. 联系实际，谈谈学校教育中如何培养学生的创造性。

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI三、案例分析题(30分)1. 当人们谈到天才，马上就会想到爱因斯坦。

1955年诺贝尔奖获得者爱因斯坦在普林斯顿逝世，享年76岁。

他的儿子授权病理学家托马斯·哈维保存一些爱因斯坦的大脑切片用于科学研究。

随后他将大脑切片分发给了至少18位全球各地的研究者。

后来陆续有几位研究者发表相关研究，试图说明爱因斯坦大脑中某些部分的与众不同是如何转化为爱因斯坦惊人的思维能力的。

你认为天才来自于何处，从爱因斯坦的大脑中能找到天才的因子吗?由此分析一个人的发展受哪些因素影响?这些影响因素在人的发展中各起怎样的作用?对上述的天才研究你作何评价?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI1。

青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码： 881 科目名称：教育管理学（共 1 页）
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、名词解释：（共30分，每小题6分）
1．管理
2．校长负责制
3．非正式组织
4．德育管理
5．课程管理
二、简答题：（共40分，每小题10分）
1.教师的权利有哪些？
2.教师管理的基本内容有哪些？
3.学校组织机构设置的原则是什么？
4.班集体建设的内容是什么？
三、论述题：（共50分，每小题25分）
1.论述校本教师专业发展的思想引领与制度保障。

2.结合实际，谈谈教学质量管理的基本理念与有效措施。

四、写作题：（共30分）
结合你的具体工作角色，谈谈在工作实践中如何践行教育管理思想的。

要求：（1）自拟题目；（2）字数1200左右。

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2。

青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：859 科目名称：管理学（2）（共2 页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、填充题（每空1分，共22分）1.根据罗伯特·卡茨的研究，管理者要具备三类技能：_________ , ________和________。

2.马斯洛的高层需要即赫茨伯格双因素理论的主要_______因素，而为了维持生活所必须满足的低层需要则相当于_____因素。

3.管理和战略，__________告诉我们怎样“做正确的事”，_________在解决如何“正确地做事”。

4.新经济时代，经营目标的创新体现在以_____________代替利润最大化，以____________代替市场份额。

5.从环境因素的可控程度看，可把决策分为_________、_________和_________。

6.常规计划包括_________、_________和_________，所有这些都是准备用来处理常发性问题的。

7.按企业对竞争的方式和态度分，其经营战略可以分为_____________、___________及___________。

8.尊重的需要可以分为两类，即_______________和_____________。

9.从创新的规模以及创新对系统的影响程度来考察，可将其分为_________和_________。

二、辨析题（每题15分，共30分）1.从2010年1月23日的“马向前事件”到2010年5月27日的第十三连跳，富士康跳楼事件说明泰勒的科学管理理论逐渐丧失了科学性和适用性，应该适当扬弃。

2.企业经营目标是盈利，承担社会责任会占用原本可以用来盈利的资源，会进一步给企业造成经济损失，所以企业不应该承担社会责任。

三、简答题（从10个题中选择8个题，每题6分，共48分）1.简要回答弗雷德里克·赫茨伯格双因素理论的基本观点。

2.简要回答人本原理的主要观点。

青岛大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：881科目名称：教育管理学(共3页)请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、简答题（共30分，其中1--3题每小题8分，第4小题6分）1、《学记》中教育管理的基本主张有哪些？2、学校组织机构设置的基本原则是什么？3、班集体建设的主要内容有哪些？4、学校课程管理的主要内容包括哪些？二、论述题（共50分,其中第1小题16分，2-3小题各17分）1、评述古典管理理论的基本主张以及对学校教育管理的启示。

2、结合实际，谈谈校长负责制的内容及其运行中的制度保障。

3、结合学校实际，谈谈学校德育管理的实施途径。

三、案例分析（共70分，每小题35分）1、案例一：某班在全校期末考试中，语文和英语的总成绩双双倒数第一。

校教育工作会议上，校长不点名批评了该班。

年级组长万老师回到教研组后，马上召开了级部全体老师会议，分管教学的王校长也参加了会议，大家共同分析问题原因。

有的老师说：我们班有很多“留守儿童”，父母出去打工，老人带孩子不能抓学生学习。

有的说：“我们学校比较偏，天气不好，我们班学生出勤率特别低”有的说，听说我们学校明年要与别的学校合并，现在好学生都转走了，剩下的当然成绩不理想啦。

万老师说：咱们教师缺编很厉害，连我每周都要上将近20节课，哪有精力去做教学管理呢？王校长想想也附和说：“是啊，这学期光迎接上面的检查就4次。

我忙得连听课的时间都没有，哎……”请根据上述材料回答：（1）该学校教学质量管理方面存在怎样的问题？（2）分析影响该学校教学质量管理的关键因素是什么？（3）根据以上案例，谈谈如何加强中小学的教学质量管理。

2、案例二：吴某是九年级的一名男生，学习成绩居班级中游，但性情较为偏执。

星期五下午最后一节课是物理课。

上课不一会儿，坐在后面几排的几个学生开始说话，先是小声，后来渐大。

吴某是说话的一个。

物理老师停下讲课，提醒说话的学生要安静听讲，不要影响课堂教学，说完，继续上课。

青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 881 科目名称：教育管理学（共4页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效！一、简答题：（每题10分，共60分）1、简述蔡元培的教育管理思想。

2、简述校长行使的管理权力。

3、简述如何完善我国基础教育的管理体制。

4、简述教师激励的策略。

5、简述如何正确认识教学质量管理。

6、简述如何在学校活动中渗透德育。

二、案例分析题：（每题30分，共90分）案例一北京十一学校学生——他们是校园真正的主人在十一学校，如果简单地用“学生”这一概念来称呼这群孩子，那是简单而片面的。

走在校园里，你碰到的三三两两的学生，有的可能是校长助理，有的可能是学生会主席，有的可能是小记者，有的可能是出过两三本诗集的小诗人。

十一学校的学生，大多都有自己的定位，大多顶着一个不大不小的光环。

这源于李希贵校长提出的“用有想法的教育培养有想法的学生”这一理念。

在这一理念指导之下，于是乎“学生管理学院”横空出世，学校团委把学生自我管理当作一门课程去研究、去开发。

目前，十一学校管理学院设置的课程简直是五花八门：每周的升旗司仪、奥运志愿者、北京市田径比赛裁判员、晚自习管理员、学校绿地监督员等等，学校公布岗位招聘，学生自主选择。

这些岗位，给学生提供了锻炼自己，发挥潜能的舞台。

于是便出现了学校城市运动会的开闭幕式上，主席台上除了李校长其他全是学生的一幕。

即使是外国大使来访，致辞、接待、采访的也全部是学生。

校园里，到处是海报，到处活跃着学生自我管理的身影。

如校长“贵爷”所愿，学生“接管”了校园，大部分时候校长的权力被“架空”了。

连美国大使、法国大使到学校访问也一律由学生出面，从接待、翻译、主持到回访都是学生自行组织。

每当这种场合，“贵爷”能做的只是坐在台下不时鼓几下掌。

（资料来源：2012年12月27日搜狐教育社区）请根据上述材料回答：（1）北京十一学校让学生自我管理的做法有何好处？（2）中小学教师还可以怎样引导学生进行自我管理。

青岛大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：642 科目名称：基础英语(共10页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效PART I SENTENCE COMPLETION (20 points)Choose the word or the set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1.Environmental groups want more passenger and freight traffic ______ off the road and onto trains.A. movedB. moveC. moving D being moving2. It was the consensus of the party ______ its candidates could easily win the election.A. whenB. thatC. howD. where3. Hydrogen is the ______element of the universe in that it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.A. steadiestB. expendableC. lightestD. fundamental4. The paradoxical aspect of the myths about Demeter, when we consider the predominant image of her as a tranquil and serene goddess, is her ___ search for her daughter.A. extendedB. agitatedC. franticD. comprehensive5 Criticism and self-criticism is necessary ____ it helps us to correct our mistakes.A. such thatB. with thatC. so thatD. in that6. The significance of the Magna Carta lies not in its _____ provisions, but in its broader impact: it made the king subject to the law.A. revolutionaryB. specificC. implicitD. controversial7. Democratic Massachusetts Senate candidate, Elizabeth Warrens, self- proclaimed Native American ______ is in question tonight.A. nominationB. cultural insightC. ancestryD. cultural tradition8. Under the guidance of their instructors, the students are building a model boat ____ by steam.A. towedB. pressedC. tossedD. propelled.9.Researchers _____ that genes may determine the strength of the immune system, which could help explain how an infectious disease could have a hereditary link.A. conformB. evaluateC. estimateD. resurrect10. Despite the fact that the book promises a complete rethinking of the factorscontributing to the conflict, the picture that the book paints is ____: the causes it suggests are more orthodox that ____.A. unique; innovativeB. commonplace; imitativeC. controversial, radicalD. familiar; revisionist11. The constitution of the State required that property should be _____ for taxation atits market value.A. estimatedB. appraisedC. evaluatedD. valued.12. From that year on, there was a ____ race between tabloid newspapers as to whocould get their hands on the Christmas cards of the royal family first.A. crazyB. frenziedC. desperateD. terrible.13. Advances in health care have lengthened life spans, lowered infant mortalityrates, and thus ________ the overpopulation problem.A. eliminatedB. aggravatedC. minimizedD. distorted14. If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue todominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writer’s willingn ess to________ popular tastes.A. struggle againstB. cater toC. admireD. flout15. Psychologists have done extensive studies on how well patients _______ withdoctors’ orders.A. complyB. correspondC. interfereD. interact16. D espite the ______ of the materials with which he worked, many of Tiffany’sGlass masterpieces have survived for more than seventy years.A. beautyB. abundanceC. majestyD. fragility17. Her is always a source of irritation: she never uses a single word when shecan substitute a long clause or phrase in its place.A. verbosityB. simplicityC. CogencyD. rhetoric18. A leading philosopher of our time, Ludwig Wittgenstein, laid down a ________ towhich good hist orians ________ : “Of that of which nothing is known nothing can be said."A. burden...protestB. law...amendC. rule...adhereD. maxim...succumb19. After reading numbers of biographies recounting dysfunctions and disasters, failedmarriages and failed careers, Joyce Carol Oates ________ a word to ________ the genre: pathography, the story of diseased lives.A. invented......curtailB. reiterated...criticizeC. hypothesized...indictD. coined...describe20. The United States must assess how, and to what extent these TA issues will_____WTO agreements, world trade, market competitiveness.A. step intoB. impinge onC. cross ontoD. nose intoII PROOF READING AND ERROR CORRECTION (10 Points) The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.It is natural to feel uncomfortable in a languageclass. You are used to being in class where the modeof communication -- the language of instruction -- isgiving. In a language course, however, it is the 1. __________mode of communication itself which is the focus of 2.___________ instruction. For this reason, a language course isdifferent from most other courses you will ever take. Notunderstanding and making mistakes -- things that arepositive learning indicates in other courses-- are a 3._________very natural part of the language learning processes.Accept the fact that you will not understand anything. 4._________In fact, at the very beginning, you will not understandmost at all. 5._________ Remember that during the initial period of adaptation,your ear and mind are adjusting with the 6.__________sounds and the rhythm of the language. Though youwill not understand all of that is being said, you willnot understand all of that is being said, you will 7. __________be amazed at your increasing ability to make sense ofthe language. Remember that the only way to learnthe language is through practice, practice and morepractice; in the course of practicing you will makemany errors... and you will learn them. 8.___________Research shows that language students learnmore effectively and retain more when they studyfrequently and for shorter periods of time than if theystudy infrequently for extended periods of time. Tryto study each day, and when possible, several times 9.___________a day. This means, for an instance, doing a few 10.___________homework exercises each day rather than doing allhomework assignments the night before they are due.PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)In this section there are three reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage 1Daylight saving time (DST) is the convention of advancing clocks so that afternoons have more daylight and mornings have less. Typically clocks are adjusted forward one hour near the start of spring and are adjusted backward in autumn.Modern DST was first proposed in 1907 by William Willett. Many countries have used it since then; details vary by location and change occasionally.Generally agreement about the day's layout confers so many advantages that a standard DST schedule usually outranks efforts to get up earlier, even for people who personally dislike DST schedule. The practice is mixed blessing, however.For instance, retailers, sporting goods makers, and other businesses benefit from extra afternoon sunlight, as it induces customers to shop and to participate in outdoor afternoon sports. As the 1984 Fortune magazine estimated that a seven-week extension of DST would yield an additional $30 million for 7-Eleven stores, and the National Golf Foundation estimated the extension would increase golf industry revenues $200 million to $300 million. Conversely, DST can adversely affect framers and others whose hours are set by the sun. For example, grain harvesting is best done after dew evaporates, so when field hands arrive and leave earlier in summer their labor is less valuable. DST also hurts prime-time broadcast rating s and drive-in and other theaters.Clock shifts correlates with decreased economic efficiency. In 2000 the daylight-saving effect implied an estimated one-day loss of $31 billion on US stock exchanges. Clock shifts and DST rule changes have a direct economic cost, since they entail extra work to support remote meeting, computer applications and the like. For example, a 2007 North American rule change cost an estimated $500 million to $ 1 billion.Extra afternoon daylight is said to reduce traffic fatalities. In 1975 the US DOT conservatively identified a 0.7% reduction in traffic fatalities during DST, and estimated the real reduction to be 1.5% to 2%, but the 1976 NBS review of the DOT study found no differences in traffic fatalities. In 1995 the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimated a reduction of 1.2%, including a 5% reduction in crashes fatal to pedestrians. Others have found similar reductions. Single/Double Summer Time (SDST), a variant where clocks are one hours ahead of the sun in winter and two in summer, has been projected to reduce traffic fatalities by 3% to 4% in the UK, compared to ordinary DST. A correlation between clock shifts and accidents has been observed in North America but not in Sweden. If this effect exists, it is far smaller than the overall reduction in fatalities.However, the effect of DST on crime is less clear. In the 1970s the US Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) found a reduction of 10% to 13% in Washington, D.C.'s violent crime and found crime reductions only in one and only in some crime categories；the DOT decided it was "impossible to conclude with any confidence that comparable benefits would be found nationwide". Outdoor lighting has a marginal and sometimes even contradictory influence on crime and fear of crime.DST also has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight or outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure；whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin cancer. Sunlight strongly influences seasonal affective disorder. DST may help in depressionby causing individuals to rise earlier, but some argue that reverse. The Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness, chaired by blind sports magnate Gordon Gund, successfully lobbied in 1985 and 2005 for US DST extensions , but DST can hurt night blindness sufferers.Clock shifts disrupt sleep and reduce its efficiency. Effects on seasonal adaptation of the circadian rhythm can be severe and last for weeks. The government of Kazakhstan cited health complications due to clock shifts as a reason for abolishing DST in 2005.Although the DST increases opportunities for outdoor leisure activities during afternoon sunlight hours, obviously it does nor change the length of the day; the longer days nearer the summer solstice in high latitudes merely offer more room to shift apparent daylight from morning to evening. And the DST is commonly not observed during most of winter, because its mornings are darker: workers may have no sunlit leisure time, and children may need to leave for school in the dark.1. According to the passage, the DSTA. offers one more hour in the afternoon both in the seasons of summer and winter.B. causes people to get up one hour earlier in summer but not in wither.C. adjusts the time of people's activity arrangement to make full use of the daytime.D. causes people to end the activities in the morning one hour later in wither.2.Which of the following businesses may NOT benefit from the DST?A. building tradeB. open-air recreation industryC. outdoor sports businessD. computer-based services3. What is the role of the third paragraph in the developing of the topic?A. To show the advantages and disadvantages of the adaptation of DST.B. To provide supporting evidence for the preceding paragraph.C. To emphasize how the adoption of DST affect certain other businesses.D. To illustrate that the agreement of the day's layout is not always beneficial.4. According to the effects of DST on various aspects, we can conclude thatA. the practice of DST is obviously controversial.B. the practice of DST is not scientific enough.C. the advantages of DST exceed the disadvantages.D. the results caused by the DST are rather unsatisfactory.5 What kind of writing does the passage belong to?A. PersuasionB. DescriptionC. ExpositoryD. Narration. Passage 2It is nothing new that English use is on the rise around the world especially in business circles. This also happens in France, the headquarters of the global battle against American cultural hegemony. If French guys are giving in to English, something really big must be going on. And something big is going on.. Partly, it's that American hegemony Didier. Benchimol, CEO of a French ecommerce software company, feels compelled to speak English perfectly because the Internet software business is dominated by Americans. He and other Frenchbusinessmen also have to speak English because they want to get their message out to American investors, possessors of the world's deepest pockets.The triumph of English in France and elsewhere in Europe, however, may rest on something more enduring. As they become entwined with each other politically and economically. Europeans need a way to talk to one another and to the rest of the world. And for a number of reasons, they've decided upon English as their common tongue. So when German chemical and pharmaceutical Hoechst merged with French competitor Rhone-Poulenc last year, the companies chose the vague Latinate Aventis as the new company name-- and settled on English as the company's common language. When monetary policymakers from around the Europe began meeting at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt last year to set interest rates for the new Euroland, they held their deliberations in English. Even the European Commission, with 11 official languages and a traditionally French-speaking bureaucracy, effectively switched over to English as its working language last year.How did this happen? One school attributes English's great success to the sheer weight of its merit. It's a Germanic language, brought to Britain around the fifth century A. D. During the four centuries of French-speaking rule that followed Norman Conquest of 1066, the language morphed into something else entirely. French words were added wholesale, and most of the complications of Germanic grammar were shed while few of the complications of French added. The result is a language with a huge vocabulary and a simple grammar that can express most things more efficiently than either of its parents. What's more, English has remained ungoverned and open to change -- foreign words, coinages, and grammatical shifts-- in a way that French, ruled by the purist Academic Francaise, has not.So it's a swell language, especially for business. But the rise of English over the past few centuries clearly owes at least as much to history and economics as to the language's ability to economically express the concept win-win. What happened is that the competition--first Latin, then French, then, briefly, German--faded with the waning of the political, economic, and military fortunes of , respectively, the Catholic Church, France, and Germany. All along, English was increasing in importance: Britain was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, and London the world's most important financial centre, which made English a key language business. England's colonies around the world also made it the language with the most global reach. And as that former colony the US rose to the status of the world's preeminent political, economic, military, and cultural power, English became the obvious second language to learn.In the 1990s more and more European found themselves forced to use English. The last generation of business and government leaders of business and government leaders who hadn't studied English in school was leaving the stage. The European Community was adding new members and evolving from a paper-shuffling club into a serious regional government that would need a single common language if it were ever to get anything done. Meanwhile, economic barriers between European nations have been disappearing, meaning that more and more companies are beginning to look at the whole continent as their domestic market. And then theInternet came along.The Net had two big impacts. One was that it was an exciting, potentially lucrative new industry that had its roots in the US, so if you wanted to get in on it, you had to speak some English. The other was that by surfing the Web, Europeans who had previously encountered English only at school and in pop songs were now coming into contact with it daily.None of this means English has taken over European life. According to the European Union, 47% of Western Europeans ( including the British and Irish) speak English well enough to carry on a conversation. That's a lot more than those who can speak German (32%) or French (28%), but it still means more Europeans don't speak the language. If you want to sell shampoo or cell phones, you have to do it in French or German or Spanish or Greek. Even the US, and British media companies that stand to benefit most from the spread of English have been hedging their bets -- CNN broadcasts in Spanish, the Financial Times has recently launched a daily German-language edition.Bust just look at who speaks English: 77% of Western European college students ,69% of managers, and 65% of those aged 15-24. In secondary schools of the European Union's non-English-speaking countries, 91% of students study English, all of which means that the transition to English as the language of European business hasn't been all that traumatic, and it's only going to get easier in the future.6. In the author's opinion, what really underlines the rising status of English in France and Europe isA. American dominance in the Internet software business.B. a practical need for effective communication among Europeans.C. European's eagerness to do business with American businessmen.D. the recent trend for foreign companies to merge with each other.7. French lost its dominant status as an international language forA. religious reasonsB. political reasonsC. economic reasonsD. military reasons.8. The author uses the example of CNN broadcasting in Spanish to show thatA. CNN benefits a lot from the spread of English.B. more people speak English than any other language in Europe.C. CNN regards Spanish as a language more important than English.D. the media cannot afford to ignore the larger number of non-English speakers.9. Which of the following statements forecasts the continuous rise of English in the future?A. About half of Western Europeans are now proficient in English.B. Us and British media companies are operating in Western Europe.C. Most secondary school students in Europe study English.D. Most Europeans continue to use their own language.10. The passage mainly examines the factors related toA. the rising status of the English in Europe.B. English learning in non-English-speaking EU nations.C. the preference for English by European businessmen.D. the switch from French to English in the European Commission.Passage 3Thomas Hardy’s impulses as a writer, all of which he indulged in his novels, were numerous and divergent, and they did not always work together in harmony. Hardy was to some degree interested in exploring his characters’ psychologies, though impelled less by curiosity than by sympathy. Occasionally he felt the impulse to comedy ( in all its detached coldness) as well as the impulse to farce, but he was more often inclined to see tragedy and record it. He was also inclined to literary realism in the several senses of that phrase. He wanted to describe ordinary human beings; he wanted to speculate on their dilemmas rationally ( and, unfortunately, even schematically); and he wanted to record precisely the material universe. Finally, he wanted to be more than a realist. He wanted to transcend what he considered to be the banality of solely recording things exactly and to express as well his awareness of the occult and the strange.In his novels these various impulses were sacrificed to each other inevitably and often. Inevitably, because Hardy did not care in the way those novelists such as Flaubert or James cared, and therefore took paths of least resistance. Thus, one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and, unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared. A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give way abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower. In this instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one, and thus its indulgence did not result in a relaxed style. But on other occasions Hardy abandoned a perilous, risky, and highly energizing impulse in favor of a relaxing impulse was indulged, the style--- that sure index of an author’s literary worth--- was certain to become verbose. Hardy’s weakness derived from his unw illingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. He submitted to first one and then another, and the spirit blew where it listed; hence the unevenness of any one of his novels. His most controlled novel, Under the Greenwood Tree, prominently exhibits two different but reconcilable impulses--- a desire to be a realist-historian and a desire to be psychologist of love—but the slight interlockings of plot are not enough to bind the two completely together. Thus even this book splits into distinct parts.11. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on itscontent?A. Under the Greenwood Tree: Hardy’s Ambiguous TriumphB. The Real and the Strange: The Novelist’s Shifting RealmsC. Energy Versus Repo se: The role of: Ordinary People in Hardy’s FictionD. Hardy’s Novelistic Impulses: The Problem of Control12. The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which ofthe following statements about literary realisms?A. Literary realism is most concerned with exploration of the internal lives ofordinary human beings.B. The term” literary realism” is susceptible to more than a single definition.C. Literary realism and an interest in psychology are likely to be odds in anovelist’s work.D. “Literary realism” is the term most often used by critics in describing themethod of Hardy’s novels.13. The author of the passage considers a writer’s style to beA. a reliable means by which to measure the writer’s lite rary merit.B. Most apparent in those parts of the writer’s work that are not realistic.C. Problematic when the writer attempts to follow perilous or risky impulses.D. shaped primarily by the writer’s desire to classify and schematize.14. The passage supplies information to suggest that its author would be most likelyto agree with which of the following statements about the novelists Flaubert and James?A. They indulged more impulse in their novels than did Hardy in his novels.B. They have elicited a greater degree of favorable response from most literaryCritics than has Hardy.C. In the writing of their novels, they often took pains to effect a compromiseamong their various novelistic impulses.D. Regarding novelistic construction, they cared more about the opinions of othernovelists than about the opinions of ordinary readers.15. Which of the following statements about the use of comedy in Hardy’s novels isbest supported by the passage?A. Hardy’s use of comedy in his novels tended to weaken his literary style.B. Hardy’s use of comedy in his novels was inspired by his natural sympathy.C. Comedy appeared less frequently in Hardy’s novels than did tragedy.D. Comedy played an important role in Hardy’s novels though t hat comedy wasusually in the form of farce.PART IV TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE (50 Points) Running a company with a friend is a surefire way to end a friendship. When I first had the idea for Okta, I briefly considered bringing on one of my close friends from , but I knew that when we ran into issues —if we couldn’t raise funding, if we disagreed on how to build the product, or most importantly, if we foresaw different futures for the company — the pressure would be too much for us to withstand. On the other hand, if things went well, our friendship would evolve into an entirely professional relationship.Frederic and I started as business partners, and because of that we’re able to approach issues and important decisions with fewer emotions. For example, when we raised our first round of funding, we had to pick between two attractive offers —looking back, it was one of those “every decision is a good decision” situation, but realistically, we knew it would have a huge impact on the future of the company and we could feel the pressure. Instead of feeding off each other’s emotions, we looked at the offers rationally and based our decision on hours of thoughtful deliberations. Thatdynamic wouldn’t be the same among good friends.Make sure you complement each otherThe most successful business partners come to the table with varying yet complementary talents, perspectives and experiences. Frederic and I have plenty in common. We share a -heavy network, engineering degrees, experience as competitive athletes and supportive spouses, and we’re both keenly focused on satisfying our customers.Our areas of expertise — his in sales, operations and marketing and mine in product — cover different grounds, and our personalities are mismatched in a necessary way. Frederic’s extroverted and optimistic, whereas I’m naturally more introverted and stoic. Back when we were first fundraising (before we had those two attractive offers), I woke up everyday worried we would never be able to raise money and it was Frederic who always got me to calm down and keep moving forward; we balance each other out.Foster your relationshipNowadays, Frederic and I spend a significant amount of time together and we put a lot of work into maintaining our relationship – almost like a married couple. We have a Monday routine where we meet up for breakfast and discuss what we did with our families that weekend before transitioning into priorities for the days ahead. Outside of breakfast, we’re in almost constant communication. Because of that, I’ve actually learned a lot from Frederic about communicating. More communication is always, better, and understanding the intentions of the person on the other side is half the battle.I tell aspiring founders to look for someone you respect and want to learn from; someone you’ll be comfortable talking to about difficult decisions and frustrating finances; someone you’ll want to invite to family barbeques, but also understand when they can’t make it. Your bus iness partner be a huge part of your life and although it’s crucial you don’t start as friends, you should embrace the companionship that naturally should come with founding a company together.PART V WRITING (40 Points)Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen field. What do you think of these views? Discuss both views.Write an essay of about 400words, Use specific reasons/examples to support your position on the statement above. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。

青岛大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：897科目名称：教育管理学（共1页）
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效
一、名词解释：（40分，每题10分）
1.学校工作计划
2.学校发展战略
3.财政管理体制（广义）
4.校园建筑规划
二、简答题：（60分，每题20分）
1.试述相对于一般的公共政策，教育政策有什么特殊性？
2.试述学校建筑管理的职责
3.试述确定学费标准时要考虑的因素
三、综合分析题：（50分）
据《中国青年报》2016年1月18日报道：把学生和老师绑在“评价”与“被评价”两端的评教系统，已经陆续覆盖了国内高校。

这个1920年代起源于美国高校、针对教师教学效果而建立的评价模式，在中国高校却面临着名存而实亡的尴尬。

“评教是逼教师取悦学生”“学生评教等于误人子弟”“学生评课加剧了教师的‘丑角化’”等说法在“青椒”们经常出没的论坛上层出不穷，还有的老师干脆指出：让学生评教有弊无利，早该废除。

问题：
1、试分析学生评教遭遇尴尬的原因（15分）
2、试述教师考核应掌握的原则（15分）
3、结合相关理论提出完善学生评教制度的对策建议（20分）。

1
青岛大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码：877科目名称：常微分方程（共2页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，打在试卷上无效
一、填空题（18分）
1．所谓微分方程就是一个或几个联系着之间关系的等式。

2．在微分方程中，必定含有未知函数的导数项，其中出现的就称为该微分方程的阶数。

3．对于n 阶方程0),...,,,,()(='''n y y y y x F ，如果它的解),...,,,(21n c c c x y ϕ=含有常数n c c c ,...,,21，则称这个解为。

4．对于现行微分方程来说，其通解就包含了它的
；对于非线性方程来说其通解并不一定包含其。

二、根据下图建立相应的微分方程（15分）
如图所示，一根弹簧一端固定另一端连接
质量为m 的物体。

设弹簧系数是k,空气
的阻尼系数是n ，并假设物体的空气阻力
与物体的运动速度成正比。

试求物体运动的微分方程。

三、回答下列各题（25分）
1．指出下列方程的阶数并判断是否为线性方程
（1）y x dx dy 32-=，（2）03233=++xy dx
dy y dx y
d 2．什么是常微分方程的特解？何为初值问题？
3．写出齐次和非齐次线性微分方程组的一般形式；叙述叠加原理；若)
(1x ϕx
m
k 青岛大学考研专业课真题试卷
精都考研网（专业课精编资料、一对一辅导、视频网课）。