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with引导的独立主格的用法with引导的独立主格结构（absolute phrase）是一种特殊的从句结构，用来修饰整个句子的主语或动词动作的状况。
该结构通常由介词with、现在分词或过去分词构成，形成一个独立的结构，与句子的主语或动词无直接的句法关系，但在意义上与句子整体紧密相关。
本文将介绍with引导的独立主格用法及其相关示例。
一、with引导的独立主格用法：1. 在with引导的独立主格结构中，动词一般采用现在分词（-ing形式）或过去分词（-ed形式）。
2. 独立主格结构常常用来表达时间、原因、方式、条件等状况。
二、with引导的独立主格结构的示例：1. 时间状况：- With the sun setting in the distance, we decided to end our hiking trip.（夕阳西下，我们决定结束我们的徒步旅行。
）- With winter approaching, she started to buy warm clothes for her children.（随着冬天的临近，她开始给孩子买暖和的衣服。
）2. 原因状况：- With everyone's support, we were able to complete the project successfully.（在大家的支持下，我们能够成功地完成这个项目。
）- With her brother's encouragement, she decided to pursue her dream of becoming a doctor.（在她兄弟的鼓励下，她决定追求成为一名医生的梦想。
）3. 方式状况：- With great care, the teacher explained the difficult concept to the students.（老师非常用心地向学生解释了这个难懂的概念。
With 的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构with 的复合宾语结构是高考的一个重点；分词的独立主格结构不是句子，因为没有实际的主语和谓语，该结构放在句首或句尾。
两者的语法功能和结构是相同的。
即两者在句中作状语，独立主格结构前加with 就构成了with的复合宾语结构。
㈠with 的复合宾语结构1.With+名词或代词+v-ingWith the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. <伴随状语>=While____________________________________________________.With Peter working in Birmingham and Lucy travelling most of the week, the house seems pretty empty. <原因状语>=Because _________________________________________________.With time going on, our life is becoming more beautiful. <时间状语>= As______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上主谓关系，即主动关系。
2. With+名词或代词+v-edWith the decision made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.=After ___________________________________________________.With the job finished, we went home straight away.=Because___________________________________________________.With more time given, I’ll explain this item in detail.=If _______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上动宾关系，即被动关系。
独立主格结构常见的独立主格结构可分为四种类型：独立分词结构、独立不定式结构、独立无动词结构和with复合结构。
一）独立分词结构：逻辑主语+分词（现在/过去分词）分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语一般式句子的主语。
当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，分词前必须加上名词或代词作为其逻辑主语。
这种带主语的分词结构就叫独立主格结构，常用逗号与主句分开，其构成为：名词（或代词）+ 分词短语，只用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件或伴随状况等。
在意义上，相当于于一个状语从句。
如Mary coming back, they discussed it together. （时间状语）Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot.（条件状语）All things considered, the planned trip will have to be cancelled off. （原因状语）二）独立不定式结构：逻辑主语+不定式如Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. （逻辑主语与不定式构成逻辑主谓关系）The exam to be held tomorrow, I couldn’t go to the cinema tonight. （逻辑主语与不定式构成动宾关系，用被动）三）独立无动词结构：逻辑主语+非动词部分We met many guests, most of them Americans. (代词+名词，补充说明)I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry. (名词+形容词/副词，伴随状况)The murderer got into the house, a knife in his hand.凶手闯进屋里，手里拿着一把刀。
中考英语《句型构造》知识点：With的复合构造作独立主格中考英语《句型构造》知识点：With的复合构造作独立主格表伴随时，既可用分词的独立构造，也可用with的复合构造。
with +名词(代词)+如今分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语举例: He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood there, with his hand raise.典型例题The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语构造。
当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。
由于本句中名词“手”与分词“绑”是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.注意:1) 独立主格构造使用介词的问题：当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)，也不用复数。
但 with 的复合构造不受此限制A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用如今分词，不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.典型例题：Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.A permittedB permittingC permitsD for permitting答案B. 此题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。
句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。
可以这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合构造。
with的复合结构，是由with+复合宾语组成.常在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等.其构成有下列几种情形：1。
with+名词（或代词)+现在分词此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
1)With prices going up so fast，we can't afford luxuries。
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。
（原因状语）2）With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。
（伴随情况)2.with+名词(或代词）+过去分词此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
例如：1）I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling。
我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
（伴随情况）2）She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
（原因状语)3。
with+名词(或代词)+形容词1)I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉.(伴随情况)2)With the weather so close and stuffy，ten to one it'll rain presently.大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。
（原因状语）4.with+名词(或代词)+介词短语1)With the children at school，we can't take our vacation when we want to。
由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。
（原因状语）2)The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿.（行为方式）5.with+名词（或代词)+副词1)He fell asleep with the light on.他睡着了，灯还亮着。
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如:。
The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛. Don't talk with your mouth full。
嘴里有食物时不要讲话.2. with+宾语+副词。
比如： She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如： He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed。
他眼睛半闭着听音乐. She sat with her head bent。
她低着头坐着。
4。
with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes。
冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了. He soon fell asleep with the light still burning。
他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着. 5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms。
他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year—old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6。
with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如：With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film。
下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash。
一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。
下面分别举例：1、 She came into the room，with her nose red.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。
） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，without a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语） He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）6. Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
高三英语with的复合结构分析详解（三）with的复合结构(with复合结构可构成独立主格结构，通常做伴随状语，原因状语，方式状语等)①with+宾语+不定式(表示即将发生的动作；主动表示被动)e.g.由于还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。
With a lot of work to do, he wasn’t allowed to go out.②with+宾语+现在分词(表示主动的或正在进行的动作)e.g.现在，由于两个孩子在上中学，父母们不得不努力工作。
At present, with two children attending Middle School, parents have to work hard.③with+宾语+过去分词(表示被动或已完成的动作)e.g.自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
With bicycle stolen, she had to walk home.④with+宾语+形容词/副词/名词/介词短语(表示状态或方式)e.g.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。
I like to sleep with the window open.4.She realized that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people.【分析】本句谓语动词有3个，分别是realized, was, exists, 连词有2个，分别是that和that, that one of the greatest…between people是that引导的宾语从句，做realized的宾语，to remove the distance 是不定式短语做后置定语，修饰its ability，构成the ability to do sth.的结构，意为做某事的能力,此外，该从句还包含了that引导的定语从句(that usually exists between people)，修饰先行词the distance,指物(人/物),that 在从句中做主语。
with独立主格结构就是英语的一种重要的句法现象,在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。
多年来也一直就是命题的热点、重点,因此应该引起我们的高度重视。
众所周知,with引导的独立主格结构非常活跃,虽然它在句子中只作状语,但就是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。
现将with引导的独立主格结构加以小结。
一、句法结构【结构一】with ＋名词(代词)＋介词短语【例句】He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand、她手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。
The old man stood there, with his back against the wall、那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。
Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door、玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。
【结构二】with ＋名词(代词)＋形容词【例句】He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open、她张大嘴巴凝视着她的朋友。
The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery、这人抬起头来,眼里充满了好奇。
He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold、她站在那儿瑟瑟发抖,脸都冻红了。
【结构三】with ＋名词(代词)＋副词【例句】With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year、产量上升了60%, 公司又就是一个好年景。
The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on、这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。
