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新职业英语unit4Product课后答案○一（1）班○一（2）班○一（3）班○一（4）班○一（5）班○一（6）班○一（7）班○一（8）班○一（9）班○一（10）班○一（11）班你的学号： [填空题] *看一看，读一读，选出正确的单词或句子。
1. I see a . [单选题] *A.bird(正确答案)B. bee2. I hear a . [单选题] *A.henB. sheep(正确答案)3. Taste the ,Tom. [单选题] *A.noodles(正确答案)B. soup4. I like . [单选题] *A.ballsB. dolls(正确答案)5. Do you like ? [单选题] *A.biscuitsB. ice cream(正确答案)6. 喝一些牛奶，妈妈。
[单选题] *A. Drink some milk, Mum.(正确答案)B. Drink some water, Mum.7. 天气是晴朗的。
[单选题] *A.It’s rainy.B. It’s sunny.(正确答案)8. 春天是温暖的。
[单选题] *A. Spring is warm.(正确答案)B. Summer is hot.9. 我需要一件连衣裙。
[单选题] *A.I need a dress.(正确答案)B. I need a T-shirt.10. 他会踢足球。
[单选题] *A. He can ride a bicycle.B. He can play football.(正确答案)。
完美版职场英语习题参考答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Unit 1 Job InterviewText AExercise 1: True or False1.R2.W3.R4.W5.W6.W7.RText BExercise 1: True or False1.T2.F3.T4.F5.T6.T7.T8.T9.T 10.FUnit 2 Company StructureDialogueExercise 1: Matching1.c2.a, f, k3.j4.h5.i6.b, d, g, l7.eExercise 3: TranslationSupervised by Mr. Joe wan, the College Bursar, the Financial Manager Mr. Percy Li is heading the Finance Office and is in charge of all finance matters. Usually Finance Office is divided into three sections according its relationship and coherence. Cash management section, Accounts Section and Financial Management Section.Ms Amy Luo is the head of Cash Management Section and responsible for all cash management; Winnie Guo is for cashier business outside the office and Ada Lao is for reimbursement and payment.In the Financial Management Section, Ms Karmon is responsible for payroll and tax matters; Ms Lucy deals with tuition and scholarship; and Ms Deng LI works as a financial analyst and monitor.In the Accounts Section, Flora looks after bank bookkeeping and fixed assets management; Ryan is in charge of cost and expense.Text AExercise 2: True or False1.T2.F3.T4.F5.T6.T7.FUnit 3 On the PhoneDialogueExercise 1: Blank FillingSpeaking; It is; afraid; pen handy; moment; Would you mind; as in Bravo; Thanks for Text AExercise 1: True or False1.F2.F3.T4.T5.T6.F7.FText BExercise 1: True or False1.T2.T3.F4.T5.FUnit 4 At the MeetingDialogueExercise 1: Blank Filling1. agenda2. minutes3. chairperson4. brainstorming5. adjourn6. behalf7. objective8. proposal9. unanimous 10. coversText AExercise 1: True or False1.T2.T3.F4.F5.T6.T7.FUnit 5 Business TravelDialogueExercise 1: Blank FillingHow many flights are there from New York to Beijing a week?I’d like to book a ticket to New York next Monday.I prefer a morning flight.What’s the fare of a economy class?Is it a direct flight?When does it arrive at New YorkText AExercise 1: True or False1.T2.T3.F4.T5.T6.T7.FText BExercise 1: True or False1.T2.F3.F4.F5.F6.T7.F8.T9.T 10.TUnit 6 Receiving VisitorsDialogueExercise 2: Matching(1) b (2) d (3) h (4) g(5) a (6) c (7) e (8) fText BExercise 2: True or False1.T2.T3.F4.T5.FUnit 7 ExhibitionDialogueExercise 1: Rearrangement1. ___c___2. ___h____3. ___a____4. ___d____5. ____g____6. ___b___7. ___e____8. ___j____9. ____f___ 10. ___i____Text AExercise 1: True of False1.F2.T3.F4.T5.F6.T7.FExercise 3: Multiple ChoiceB C D F HText BExercise 1: Multiple ChoiceAF； CE； BDGHUnit 8 NegotiationDialogueExercise 2: Rearrangement1. __c__2. ___f___3. ___a___4. ___i__5. ___m___6. ___b__7. ___k___8. ___h___9. ___d___ 10. ___n___ 11. ___g___12. ___l___ 13. ___e___ 14.___j___ Text AExercise 1: Matching1.e2.b3.d4.c5.aText BExercise 1: Matching1.d2.c3.d4.a5.e6.b7.eUnit 9 Customer ServiceText AExercise 1: Multiple ChoiceBDEExercise 2: Dos and Don’t sDos: 2，3，5Don’ts: 1，4，6Text BExercise 2: Dos and Don’t sDos: 1，2，3，6，10，11Don’ts: 4，5，7，8，9Unit 10 Keys to Career SuccessDialogueExercise 2: Translation1. This report is not bad, but there's room for improvement.2. I feel really bad about the mistakes I have made in the product design.3. Do you mind if I give some suggestions on your design4. Can I take a few days off as I don’t feel quite good?5. It is said you are conducting a market survey, would you like me to help you with thatText AExercise 1: Blank Filling1.230% more productive2.one year's pay and benefits3.more satisfied and positive in their jobs4.existing personnel5.correspondence courses, managing their study time to fit in with their work andlifestyleExercise 2: Matching1 c2 b3 d4 aText BExercise 1: True of False1 F2 T3 T4 F5 F。
Unit oneP4 , section bInterviewer: How is R&D activity measured and compared?Expert: Well, there are various measures. Some analysts comparethe budgets—both from government and from the private sector—that are available to R&D establishments.Interviewer: So, the larger the budget, the higher the level of R&Dactivity.Expert: Right. Others take into account the number of new patentsthat are filed and obtained by a company over a given timeperiod. A third indicator that is sometimes used is the numberand the frequency of publications—especially peer-reviewedpublications—that are produced by a research organization. Interviewer: What, in your opinion, is the best measure of R&Dactivity?Expert: Well, to my mind, perhaps the best indicator is thepercentage of revenues that a company spends on R&D eachyear. This is sometimes referred to as R&D intensity.Interviewer: Why is this a good indicator of R&D activity?Expert: Well, there are three reasons. Firstly this ratio—thepercentage of revenue that is spent on R&D—is informationthat is regularly updated, secondly, this information is availableto the public, and thirdly it reflects business risk.Interviewer: Risk?Expert: Yes. The extent to which a company is prepared to“gamble” on the future success of the products it is developingP4,section EInterviewer: So how much do companies spend on R&D? That is, what sort of R&D intensity rates do we see, for example, in a typical U.S.manufacturing company?Expert: Typical R&D expenditure might be around 3.5% of revenue—more or less.Interviewer: As little as that?Expert: Yes. High-tech companies, like computer manufacturers, for example, tend to spend more on R&D. Maybe around 7% of their revenue. Interviewer: In which sectors do we find the bigger R&D spenders?Expert: Well, these tend to be either high-tech companies or, especially, pharmaceutical companies. To give you an example, the Americanpharmaceutical giant Merck & Co. spends about 14% of revenue on R&D while the Swiss firm Novartis invests about 15% each year. Sometelecommunications companies spend heavily on R&D. For example, theSwedish company Ericsson spends 25% of revenue on R&D. Interviewer: And who is top of the list?Expert: The biggest spender is the American pharmaceutical company Allergan. They spend an enormous amount on R&D—43% of revenue.P7 Section gManager: So, we need to choose someone to head up this new R&D project. It’s a very important project and I want to make sure wechoose the right person. Any ideas?Assistant 1: Basically, we need someone who can coordinate the members of the team.Assistant 2: Yes, but this person should also be someone who can motivate and lead people.Manager: I agree. That’s very important.Assistant 1: Also, a good project leader must represent the group’s interests in the larger organization. They should be a sort ofchampion for the project.Assistant 2: Yes. Because it’s the project leader who has to negotiate with management to obtain the resources that he or she needs toget the job done.Assistant 1: We need a very responsible person because, in the end, it’s the project leader who has to keep the project on schedule andwithin the budget.Manager: You’re right. That is also very important. So, who do you suggest?Assistant 1: Well, I was thinking of . . . (fade)P8 section BInterviewer: How do you plan a research and development project?R&D expert: We often use a system called the Critical Path Method or CPM.Interviewer: How does that work?R&D expert: Well, all projects are broken down into steps andsequences. Certain steps have to be completed before we canmove on to the next one, while other steps can be donesimultaneously. So we work out a logical sequence. Using theCritical Path Method, we can determine the minimum time weare going to need to complete the whole project.Interviewer: So how does it work?R&D expert: Well, we construct a diagram like this one here to show each step in the process and how long it will take tocomplete. For example, Step A will take two weeks, Step B oneweek, etc. Then we add up the total number of weeks of work tobe completed. Once Step A is finished, work can start on StepsB, C, and D all at the same time, though, as you can see, Step C will take longer to finish. We can determine the earliestcompletion date for Project X by looking at all the possiblepaths through the diagram and finding the one that requires themost time. In this case, the longest path, that is, the “critical”path will take a total of ten weeks minimum from start to finish. Interviewer: I see. So the Critical Path Method helps you toestablish a timescale for a project.R&D expert: That’s rig ht. But a CPM diagram like this also gives us other useful information. For example, in Project X, theearliest time we can begin Step H is eight weeks after the start,that is, once Steps A, C, and F have been finished. As we cansee, Step B only needs one week and so it does not need to bestarted immediately in order to be finished on time. In otherwords, Step B has a couple of weeks of “slack time.”Interviewer: And how is this information useful?R&D expe rt: It’s useful because it allows us to allocate ourresources more efficiently. We can keep the critical steps on schedule and, if necessary, postpone some of the slack stepswithout causing a delay to the whole project.Interviewer: That way, the same people can work on different steps in the process.R&D expert: Exactly, or the same equipment can be used for two different steps, for example. Of course, this diagram here is avery simple example just to give you an idea. In actual projectsthe relationships between the different parts are often verycomplex and a CPM diagram might cover a whole wall of myoffice!Interviewer: But isn’t it very time-consuming deciding on the sequence of the different tasks, estimating the time needed foreach one, and drawing the diagrams?R&D expert: Yes, it is time-consuming but we find that it is a great aid to planning and control. Of course, the job has been made alot easier in recent years by special computer programs that cando critical path and slack time calculations for us.P10 Section bLecturer: Okay, what is the essential role of an R&D laboratory in industry? Well, basically it is to provide new products formanufacture and new or better processes for producing theseproducts. Now, one very important issue for the people whoplan these R&D projects is the relationship betweendevelopment costs and projected sales.In the early stages of a typical project, R&D expenditure is quite low. This gradually increases to a maximum point, holdssteady at a sort of plateau, and then slowly declines, prettymuch disappearing as early production problems are overcomeand the product settles into its niche in the market. We can seethis process here in Figure 1.In a similar way, production and sales rise slowly at first, andthen more rapidly, finally getting to a plateau. After a while,production starts to fall, with sales falling gradually as aproduct becomes obsolete. Alternatively, sales can sometimesdecline quite abruptly if a product is replaced by a new one.This is illustrated here in Figure 2.Ideally, of course, at any one time, a companywill be handling a number of products—each one at a differentstage in the cycle, some products in their initial stages ofdevelopment, some that are just reaching their peak in terms ofsales, and others that are now starting to decline. We can seethis repeating cycle in Figure 3.P12 Section BInterviewer: How do you develop a new product?Expert: Well, first of all, of course, we need an idea.Interviewer: Where do ideas come from?Expert: Well, from many sources. Obviously, many ideas comefrom our own R&D department. But we also get ideas fromother employees in the company, from our customers, from ourcompetitors, from focus groups, from visi ting trade shows… itvaries. And we also use more formal idea-generating techniques,things like brainstorming, attribute listing, virtual prototyping, etc. Interviewer: Okay, so you’ve got an idea. Now what?Expert: Well, then we screen the ideas and get rid of any unsound concepts. We ask ourselves key questions about the ideas. We askif the target market will benefit from a product, if it is technicallyfeasible to manufacture it, and if it will be profitable. Sometimes,we test our ideas by asking a sample of prospective customerswhat they think of it.P 13 section fInterviewer: So, at this stage, you’re still just discussing ideas, right? Expert: Right. We call this whole “getting started” period the “fuzzy front end.” It’s usually not a very expensive part of the processbut it can take up to 50% of total development time. This is wherewe decide on a clear sound concept and make seriouscommitments regarding time, money, and how the product will be.Some people consider this phase as something that happens before development. But I prefer to think of it as an essential partof development and I include the time that we need for this as partof the total development cycle time.Unit TwoP16, section bNarrator: Raymond Loewy was born in Paris, France in 1893. He obtaineda degree in electrical engineering in 1918. One year later, he left France for the United States. He first worked as a fashion illustrator for V ogue magazine and also designed window displays for department stores in New York City.In 1929, he received his first industrial design commission—to modernize the appearance of G estetner’s duplicating machine.Loewy’s design was to remain unchanged for the next forty years. In the same year, Loewy started his own design firm.In 1934, he designed the Coldspot refrigerator for Sears, Roebuck and Co. It was a great commercial success and it won first prize at the contributions to the designs of electric shavers, toothbrushes, office machines, ballpoint pens, radios, bottles for soft drinks, packages, etc.In 1945, with five partners, he formed Raymond Loewy Associates, which was to become the largest industrial design firm in the world. In 1954, he designed Greyhound’s Scenicruiser bus. In 1955, Loewy redesigned Coca-Cola’s famous contour bottle adding the distinctive white lettering and in 1960 he designed Coca- Cola’s first aluminum can.In 1961, he designed the now classic Avanti sports car for Studebaker, for whom he had worked previously on other cars.As a designer, Loewy’s range was impressive. In 1964, he even designed a US postage stamp—the five-cent stamp featuring John F. Kennedy. From 1967 to 1973, Loewy worked for NASA designing interiors for the Apollo and Skylab spacecraft. In 1971, he designed the distinctive yellow and red Shell logo that is still used today.P19,section eSpeaker A: There is no single, unified style of industrial design butthere are four trends that we can identify. One of these is astress on impersonality in design—something that PeterBehrens was one of the first to establish. It is characterized bya certain neutrality of expression, whether a design comes froman individual or a group. In my opinion, this is just a naturalpart of mass production and marketing and it representsaverage taste.Another trend we can see in industrial design is the waydesigners try to wrap or package products. Complex electronicor mechanical devices—perhaps designed by other engineers—have protective shells that keep them safe and clean and thatalso look neat and attractive.There’s also the continuing tenden cy to streamline designs.This design principle goes back to the 1930s with people likeRaymond Loewy, who was a very influential industrialdesigner. Streamlined designs have contours designed to offerminimum resistance when moving through air or water. Thesedesigns are smooth and clean and extremely appealing to theeye.The fourth trend I can identify is artificially acceleratedobsolescence. This refers to the practice of changing a designintentionally to try to get people to replace the things they havewith new ones. It’s not just the design, of course. Advertisingand changes in fashion play a large part as well. From aneconomic point of vie w, well, it’s very effective.P19, Section fSpeaker B: I agree with your list of the prevailing trends in industrial design. But, personally, I have doubts about a number of things. For example, this emphasis on impersonality. To me, it goes against individual expression—as if we all have to submit to “the machine.” As for the exterior packaging that covers up the engineering insides” of a product, well, to me this is sort of superficial. I think some industrial designers spend too much time and money on this.What you say about streamlining is true. People seem to like smooth, sleek lines. They suggest speed and movement. But, I think we’ve taken this trend to ridiculous extremes. I mean, why do we streamline things like toasters when they have nothing to do with movement or speed?As for your last point, this is also true, regrettably. I can understand—and accept—the idea of artificially accelerated obsolescence in things that are just fashion items but I think it is unacceptable to try to persuade people to replace things like household appliances sooner than would usually be necessary as a result of normal wear and tear.P22 Section BInterviewer: What is value engineering?Expert:It’s a method by which a company tries to improve the value of its products. Interviewer: How do you define “value”?Expert: In business, value is the ratio of function to cost. Value can be increased either by improving function or by reducing cost. One of the basic principles in value engineering is that when trying to achieve better value, you do not make sacrifices in the quality of the product. Basically, what we as value engineers are trying to do is to optimize the balance of function and cost. We do this by looking for and identifying any expense that is unnecessary. This way, we improve the value of our products for us and for our customers.Interviewer: Where did the concept of value engineering come from? Did someone invent it? Expert: It sort of happened by accident. During the Second World War, General Electric suffered shortages of raw materials and parts for components. So they had to look for adequate substitute. They found that in many cases, the use of substitute materials reduced production costs or improved a product or even produced both effects! So, what started as a necessity because of the war became part of company policy. Over time, this concept came to be known as value engineering.Interviewer: So how do you apply value engineering to your products?Expert: Basically, there are four main steps. First, we analyze the functions of a product and try to determine which functions are important. We ask questions like: What does this product have to do? What else could it do? What must this product not do?Interviewer: Okay, then what?Expert: Well, then we think of alternatives. We ask ourselves: What other ways could we achievethe same result? What else will give us the function we want? Then, thirdly, we evaluate all the alternatives and compare them with the product as it actually is and we work out how much we would save if we did things a different way. Then, lastly, we choose the best option and present our findings and recommendations to the production department.P24 SECTION bInterviewer: Your company designs and produces computer games. How do you test your products before putting them out in the market?Expert: It’s simple. We conduct playtests. This means, basically, that one of our software designers—or someone else—tests a new game for bugs and improvements. Playtests are very common now for all sorts of games—an established part of the quality control process. Interviewer: So how do you organize a playtest?Expert: Well, there are three basic types of playtest that we can do. There’s “open,” “closed,” or “beta.”Interviewer: And what are the differences between the three types?Expert: Well, an open playtest, as the name suggests, is pretty much open to anyone who wishes to join. Some people use this term for when a company recruits testers from outside. A closed playtest, on the other hand, is an internal testing process that is not available to the public at all. Interviewer: And “beta” tests?Expert: Well, beta testing usually takes place in the final stages just before we go to market with a new product. Beta testing is usually semi-open and we do it with a limited form of the game just to pick up any last-minute problems.P25, Section gNarrator: Companies have discovered that “eating their own dog food” offers four primary benefits:Firstly, product developers are familiar with using the products that they develop. Secondly, other company employees acquire firsthand knowledge of and experience with the company’s own products.Thirdly, product users can see that the company has confidence in its own products.Lastly, technically knowledgeable employees, working in perhaps a very wide range of business situations, are able to discover and report any bugs in a product before it is released to the general public.P26 section bInterviewer: First of all, could you clarify the difference between safety testing and performance testing?Expert: Well, unlike safety testing, which is usually mandatory, independent performance testing is a voluntary process. It is dictated just by the goals and objectives of the company.Interviewer: I see. So, if it’s voluntary, why would a company choose to performance test its products?Expert: There are many reasons. One simple benefit is that it enables a company to verify its own internal test data. But there are a number of other very sound business reasons. In fact, in addition to safety testing, independent performance testing offers one of the best ways to gain a demonstrable competitive edge over the competition.Interviewer: How?Expert: Well, by doing performance testing, a company can measure how well its products compare with those of its competitors so that it can design them to be more competitive. Interviewer: I see.Expert: Another benefit is that after conducting performance testing, a company can makeimpre ssive marketing claims such as “the longest lasting . . .” or “the world’s quietest . . .” or “the most economical in its class,” etc.Interviewer: Claims which can have great impact on customers.Expert: Exactly. Validated performance tests also help a company to secure valuable approval and endorsements from trade associations in their industry.Interviewer: Which are also worth having.Expert: And if a company has conducted independent performance tests, it can show to retailers that its products are the best in their class.Unit ThreeP30 section dNarrator: Industrial engineers have to have expertknowledge in a wide variety of different fields. Theareas of expertise that are particularly relevant are:facility layout and design, machinery and equipment,materials and components, production planning andmethods, logistics and operations research, statistics,ergonomics which are interactions between humanbeings and machines, human resources, safetyprocedures, management, and cost issues.P32 section b &cSpeaker 1: This company makes household goods.Currently, I’m working on a motor for a newwashing machine.Speaker 2:At the moment, I’m working on a systemthat will help companies handle and switchtelephone calls more quickly.Speaker 3: The company I work for specializes inproducts that are ergonomically designed. Isupervise the manufacture of keyboards thatreduce the risk of strain and injury to users.Speaker 4:I work in R&D. I’m looking at ways tomake generators and turbines that are moreefficient and easy to maintain.Speaker 5: I work for a company that produces radarand navigation systems for ships. We do a lot ofwork for the Navy.Speaker 6: This company makes components for theautomobile industry. Right now, I am working ona device that monitors engine functions.Speaker 7: I design monitors. I am creating a new,cheaper flat-screen monitor.Speaker 8: I work for an electric utility company. Ioperate the transmission devices at the power station.P35 section dInterviewer: What is your job?Claudia: I’m a computer systems software engineer. Interviewer: And what do you do exactly?Claudia: I coordinate the construction and maintenanceof a company’s computer systems.Interviewer: Do you work here at SysTech or outside? Claudia: A bit of both. I’m here some of the time but Ialso spend a lot of time on site configuring andinstalling computer systems at a company. Interviewer: What sort of things do you do for a company? Claudia: Well, companies have various needs. Theyhave to organize things like ordering, inventory,billing, payroll, etc. I help companies to coordinatetheir computer systems in these departments. Interviewer: Do you actually write software programs? Claudia: No, not really. As a software engineer, I needto have good programming skills, but I’m moreconcerned with developing algorithms and analyzingand solving programming problems than withactually writing code programs.Interviewer: What else do you do?Claudia: I also help companies to set up their intranetsystems and, in general, I make suggestions aboutthe technical direction of a company and I help themto plan for future growth.P36 sectionCEngineer: With all unit processes, you have to have good knowledge of chemical reactions and you need to knowthe basic laws concerning the conservation of matterand the conservation of energy as well as principles ofchemical equilibrium.The chemical engineer has to select and specify the chemical processes and the most appropriate equipment that willbest meet the particular requirements of production. What was a challenge for me at first was moving from thelaboratory to large-scale industrial production. It’stotally different.Chemical engineers must organize all the unit processes intheir correct sequence.And, of course, they must take into account the economiccost of the whole process.Engineer: Because continuous or assembly-lineoperations are more efficient and economicalthan batch processes and lend themselves toautomatic control, chemical engineers wereamong the first to incorporate automaticcontrols into their designs.P40 section aInterviewer: Different fields of engineering often overlap. Which engineering disciplines are more closely related to mechanicalengineering?Engineer 1: There are a number of fields, including electrical engineering, civil engineering, industrial engineering, systemsengineering, aerospace engineering, and nuclear engineering. Interviewer: How would you define mechanical engineering? That is, what is the nature of the work?Engineer 2: As mechanical engineers, we research, develop, design, manufacture, and test all sorts of tools, machines, engines, andother mechanical devices. I should mention that mechanicalengineers also design tools that other engineers need for theirwork.Interviewer: What are the basic theoretical subjects that amechanical engineer has to be conversant with?Engineer 3: There are many things . . . I would say that thebasic areas of knowledge are dynamics, statics, solidmechanics, strength of materials, fluid dynamics,thermodynamics, heat transfer, kinematics, mechatronics . . . Interviewer: What sorts of things do mechanical engineersactually make?Engineer 4: Well, the list is almost endless. Mechanicalengineers make machines for producing power— thingslike electric generators, steam or gas turbines—anddifferent types of internal combustion engines. They alsomake machines that use power— things like air-conditioningand refrigeration equipment, machine tools, elevators andescalators, even robots . . .unit FourP45 section hInterviewer: What happened in the immediate aftermath of the Challenger accident?Spokesperson: In early February 1986, President Ronald Reagan announced the creation of a Presidential Commission on theSpace Shuttle Challenger Accident.Interviewer: Known to most people as the Rogers Commission, right?Spokesperson: That’s right. The chairman of the commission was William P. Rogers. At the same time, NASA established theChallenger Data and Design Analysis Task Force to support thework of the Commission.Interviewer: How long did the investigation take?Spokesperson: It took four months to complete and required the involvement of more than 6,000 people. The report waspublished and delivered to the president early June 1986.P45 section iInterviewer: So what changes were made as a result of thecommission’s report?Spokesman: Well, modifications were made both to shuttlehardware and to NASA’s safety and quality assuranceprocedures. While the space shuttle fleet was grounded,hundreds of modifications were incorporated into the shuttlesystem. The SRBs were completely redesigned and a new jointdesign was subjected to stringent examination and review.NASA put the main space shuttle engines through the mostthorough ground-testing program in their history. This was theequivalent in operational time to more than 36 real missions. Allengine improvements were certified to demonstrate improvedreliability and operating safety margins.Interviewer: I see.Spokesman: And, as I mentioned, apart from making changes to hardware, NASA completely reorganized its safety programs. TheOffice of Safety, Reliability, Maintainability, and QualityAssurance was established in 1986. This has direct authority forsafety and quality control for all NASA operations.P46 section bEngineer 1: I work as a maintenance engineer. I am responsible for the continued safe and dependable operation of the equipment in theplant where I work and for carrying out timely and efficient repairs. Engineer 2: I work in the field of safety engineering. Basically, our main objective is the prevention of accidents. We develop methodsand procedures to safeguard workers, especially those who work in hazardous occupations.Engineer 3: As an operating engineer, I oversee and control a number of different areas at this factory: machinery, power, transportation, communications. I have to set up procedures and supervisepersonnel to ensure that the operation runs in a reliable andeconomic way.Engineer 4: I’m a quality control engine er. It is my job to carry out on- site inspections to check that all parts and systems meet varioustechnical and other requirements. Of course, these may also coversafety issues.P48 section bStephanie: Hi. I’m Stephanie. I’m a civil engineer. I’m currently working on a large tunnel project in the north of the country. Wedon’t have to wear any special clothes but strong boots arerecommended. I’m often working close to cranes and other bigmachines so I have to wear a hard hat at all times. When we workat night, I have to wear a special vest with reflective material sothat people can see me.Greg: My name is Greg. I’m a radiologist. At the moment I am doing some research into the use of X-rays and gamma rays in thediagnosis and treatment of disease. In my work I handleradioactive material. To avoid exposure to harmful radiation, wehave to wear protective clothing and, sometimes we work behinda protective screen. We must not be exposed to radiation for longperiods and so there are strict time controls.Carol: My name is Carol. I’m an electronic engineer. In my present job, I manufacture LEDs. The components are very small anddelicate. They can be damaged by just one speck of dust.Everything in my workplace must be extremely clean. So I haveto work in a clean room, which is a space where the particles inthe air and the humidity are strictly controlled. We mustn’t letany dust or moisture come into contact with the components. So Ihave to wear a special suit with a mask over my mouth and vinylgloves. When we’re not in the clean room, we can wear ournormal clothes.Tomas: My n ame’s Tomas. I’m a production engineer. At themoment I’m coordinating the installation of heavy machinery ata new car manufacturing plant. Factories are very noisy places soone thing that is essential in this place is earplugs, which youmust use to prevent serious damage to your hearing. Oh, andyour hard hat. You have to wear a hard hat at all times. There isno real dress code where I work. I mean, you don’t have to wear。
2020年最新电大《理工英语4》考试(题目和答案)1.交际用语：如果免费，你会做整形手术吗？A。
不会。
良好的饮食和运动是很好的替代方法。
B。
是的，我不会做。
C。
不，我会做。
改写：问及免费整形手术，回答者可以选择不会或会。
但是，良好的饮食和运动也是很好的替代方法。
2.交际用语：好的，我现在就修好你的电脑。
哦，慢慢来。
A。
我受不了。
B。
我不着急。
C。
那是个好主意。
改写：当被告知电脑将被立即修复时，回答者可以选择表现出不着急的态度。
3.交际用语：是外表好看还是聪明更重要？A。
是的，外表很重要。
B。
不，外表不重要。
C。
对我来说，聪明更重要，但这取决于情况。
改写：问及外表和聪明的重要性，回答者可以选择认为聪明更重要，但也取决于具体情况。
4.交际用语：你每天都吃粥吗？A。
粥是我最喜欢的食物。
B。
不，有时我会选择豆浆、煮蛋和馒头作为早餐。
C。
我很少吃快餐，因为它富含脂肪。
改写：问及每天是否吃粥，回答者可以选择否认，并分享自己的早餐选择。
5.交际用语：请问，机场离这里有多远？A。
你可以坐出租车。
B。
大约30英里。
C。
我要飞往悉尼。
D。
只需要600美元。
改写：询问机场距离，回答者可以提供距离信息或其他相关信息，如出租车选项或飞往其他城市的计划。
6.I am really fascinated by the use of fresh ingredients。
intricate cooking techniques。
XXX cuisine.7.When you reach the age of 75.you may apply for a free Over75 TV License.8.They are expected to make an XXX.9.The current death rate has been ced by 10% compared to that of the year 1980.10.XXX。
成功人士英语作文4级答案In the realm of personal and professional development, the concept of success is often a topic of great interest. What are the qualities that set successful individuals apart from the rest? This essay aims to explore the common traits found among those who have achieved a level of success in their lives.Diligence and Hard WorkOne of the most prominent characteristics of successful people is their unwavering diligence. They understand that success is not a destination but a journey that requires consistent effort. Hard work is the fuel that propels them forward, allowing them to overcome obstacles and achieve their goals.Resilience and AdaptabilitySuccess is rarely a straight path. Those who achieve it are often resilient, able to bounce back from setbacks and failures. They view these challenges as opportunities to learn and grow. Additionally, successful individuals are adaptable, capable of adjusting their strategies when faced with changing circumstances.Clear Goals and VisionHaving a clear vision of what they want to achieve is a common thread among the successful. They set specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals that guide their actions and decisions. This clarity of purpose helps them maintain focus and direction.Lifelong LearningSuccessful people are often lifelong learners. They recognize that knowledge is power and that continuous learning is essential to stay competitive and innovative. They are open to new ideas and are not afraid to step out of their comfort zones to learn new skills.Effective Time ManagementTime is a finite resource, and successful individuals understand its value. They are adept at managing their time effectively, prioritizing tasks, and eliminating non-essential activities that do not contribute to their goals.Positive Attitude and OptimismA positive attitude can be a powerful tool in achieving success. Successful people tend to be optimistic, believing in their ability to achieve their goals. This optimism often attracts opportunities and resources that may not beavailable to those with a more negative outlook.Networking and Building RelationshipsRelationships play a crucial role in success. Successful individuals are skilled at networking and building strong, mutually beneficial relationships. They understand the importance of collaboration and are not afraid to seek help when needed.Emotional IntelligenceEmotional intelligence is the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others. Successful people often have high emotional intelligence, which allows them to navigate social situations effectively and empathize with others.Risk-Taking and Decision-MakingTaking calculated risks is a part of the journey to success. Successful individuals are not risk-averse and are willing to make decisions that may not guarantee immediate success but have the potential for significant rewards.Persistence and DeterminationLastly, persistence is a key trait of successful people. They are determined to see things through to the end, even when the going gets tough. They do not let temporary failures deter them from their long-term objectives.In conclusion, while success can be defined in many ways, the traits that lead to it are often universal. By cultivatingthese characteristics, individuals can increase their chances of achieving their own version of success.。
大学英语职场英语教材答案大学英语职场英语教材是一本旨在帮助大学生提升职场英语能力的教材。
通过学习这本教材，学生可以掌握在职场中常用的英语词汇、语法和表达方式，提高与国际合作伙伴的交流能力。
以下是该教材的部分答案，希望对同学们的学习有所帮助。
Unit 1: Workplace Communication SkillsPart A: Listening Comprehension1. B. It is important to communicate effectively in the workplace.2. D. Speak clearly and confidently.3. A. Asking for clarification.4. C. Restate what you have understood to confirm understanding.5. B. Taking notes during a meeting.Part B: Speaking Practice1. Hi, my name is John. I'm an intern in the marketing department. Nice to meet you!2. Sure, I'd be happy to help. What specifically do you need assistance with?3. Could you please repeat that? I didn't quite catch what you said.4. I think it would be beneficial to schedule a meeting to discuss this in more detail. What time works for you?5. I apologize for the misunderstanding. Let's go over the instructions again to make sure we are on the same page.Unit 2: Writing Effective EmailsPart A: Reading Comprehension1. C. To provide guidance on writing professional emails.2. D. Use a professional and concise tone in email communication.3. B. Include a clear subject line.4. A. Avoid using emojis in work-related emails.5. C. Proofread and edit before sending the email.Part B: Writing PracticeDear Mr. Smith,I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to discuss the upcoming project deadline. According to our records, the deadline for submitting the project report is next Friday, May 15th. However, due to unforeseen challenges, we are requesting a two-day extension until Sunday, May 17th.We understand the importance of meeting deadlines and assure you that we are working diligently to complete the project on time. We have encountered unexpected delays in gathering the necessary data, which has affected our progress. With the additional two days, we will be able to finalize the report and ensure its quality.Thank you for your understanding and support. We value your guidance and trust in our capabilities. Please let us know if the extension is feasible,and if there are any specific requirements or adjustments you would like us to make. We look forward to your response.Best regards,JohnUnit 3: Business PresentationsPart A: Listening Comprehension1. D. To introduce a new marketing strategy.2. A. By providing data and statistics.3. B. Use visual aids such as graphs and charts.4. C. Practice the presentation beforehand.5. B. Ask for feedback from colleagues.Part B: Speaking PracticeGood morning, ladies and gentlemen,Thank you for giving me the opportunity to present our new marketing strategy. Today, I would like to share with you our plans to increase brand awareness and expand our market share.First, let's take a look at the current market trends. As you can see from the graph, the demand for our products has been steadily increasing over the past year. However, there is still room for growth, especially in the younger demographic.To capture this market, we have developed a comprehensive marketing campaign that focuses on social media platforms. By leveraging popular influencers and utilizing targeted advertisements, we aim to reach a wider audience and generate greater engagement.Furthermore, we will be launching a series of promotional events and contests to create buzz and excitement around our brand. Through these initiatives, we expect to not only increase sales but also enhance brand loyalty and customer retention.In conclusion, our new marketing strategy is designed to drive growth and strengthen our position in the market. We are confident that with the right execution, we will achieve our goals and exceed expectations.Thank you for your time and attention. I am now open to any questions you may have.Unit 4: Interview SkillsPart A: Reading Comprehension1. D. To provide tips for successful job interviews.2. B. Research the company and prepare relevant questions.3. C. Dress appropriately and maintain good body language.4. A. Show enthusiasm and highlight relevant skills and experiences.5. D. Follow up with a thank-you email or note.Part B: Speaking PracticeInterviewer: Can you tell me about yourself and why you are interested in this position?Candidate: Certainly. My name is Sarah, and I recently graduated with a degree in Business Administration. I have a strong interest in the finance industry and have been following your company for quite some time. I am particularly drawn to your innovative approach and commitment to client satisfaction. I believe my skills in financial analysis and excellent communication can contribute significantly to the team.Interviewer: How do you handle conflicts in the workplace?Candidate: When faced with conflicts, I always strive to maintain a calm and professional demeanor. I believe in open and honest communication, and I would first try to understand the perspectives of all parties involved. If necessary, I would suggest a meeting to discuss the issue and find a mutually beneficial solution. I believe that conflicts, when managed properly, can lead to positive outcomes and stronger team dynamics.以上是大学英语职场英语教材的部分答案。
Unit 4 Getting ready for the future careerPart I-A1. cook,Experience, work on weekends,Call 23597392. English and math teachersA bachelor’s degreeTeaching certificate3. Marking Communication SupervisorBusiness AdministrationPC and presentation354, 164934. Area Sales ManagerCareers and extensiveHardworking and initiated quick learnerChallengingMobile, travel extensivelyExpected salary, recent photo, 385, NY158355. BuyerA competitive salary and a benefits packageCareer developmentBusiness or engineering2-3 years’Good command of EnglishCommunication and interpersonalWork in teamsContact phone number and a copy of diploma to 962 West Avenue, Syracuse, NY 186406. AccountantAccounting or auditingStrong computer skills3 years’, trading companiesEducation certificate, ID card copy and photo to 404, South 7th Street, NYC Tapescript:1.Cook need immediately in a busy downtown restaurant! You must be good anddependable. Experience is preferred and work on weekend is required. If you are interested, please call 2359739.2.A small private school needs English and math teachers. Applicants must have abachelor’s degree and teaching certificate. Interested people please send your resume to Wales Charter School, 19 Snow Road, NYC.3.As the world leader in imaging business from photographic to commercial toelectronic imaging, we invite application from qualified persons for the position of Marketing Communication Supervisor. Candidates must have bachelor’s degree in Business Administration and good PC and presentation skill. Please apply by sending your resume to MTP, P.O. Box 354, Syracuse, NY 16493.4.If you are a dynamic, hardworking and initiated quick learner interested in workingin a challenging environment, if you are mobile and able to travel extensively, please join our Truck Tire and Passenger Car Tire Teams and be the Area Sales Manager. Professional careers and extensive training are provided to you. Are you the right one for us? Send your detailed resume with your expected salary and recent photo to: Martin’s Apparel, 385 Rockledge Street, Syracuse, NY15835.5.We are among the top 50 industrial companies worldwide with an annual turnoverin excess of US$40 billion. We provide for our employees not only a competitive salary and a benefits package, but also excellent career development opportunities.We are now seeking qualified people to fill the position of Buyer. Candidates’qualifications include: a bachelor’s degree in business or engineering, 2-3 years’relevant working experience, good command of English, good communication and interpersonal skills and the ability to work in teams. Those who are interested please send your resume, a recent photo, contact phone number and a copy of your diploma to 962 West Avenue, Syracuse, NY186406.we, one of the world’s largest food manufacturers, have the position of Accountantavailable. Applicants must have a university degree in accounting or auditing, strong computer skills and a minimum of 3 years’experience with trading companies. If you believe that you have the experience and talent to develop and grow with one of the world’s leading food companies, please send your resume, education certificate, ID card copy and photo to 404, South 7th Street, NYC.Part I – BWeb designer, the hottest jobs, six1. Tissue engineersSkin, on the market, growing organs in test tubes2. Genetic programmersDefects, smart, certain cancers3. farmersCrops and livestock, proteins, vaccine-carrying , cows, sheep and goats.4. food monitorsfast-growing fish and freeze-resistant fruits5. Hot-line handymanReprogramming, power up, giving abuse, home electronics, video phone6. Narrow castersPersonalized, media and advertisers, tastes and smells.Part I – CAndrew Sue934kgLansing, Michiganthe National Bicycle Leaguethe American Bicycle Association’sBMXWorld125donating, Special OlympicsTape script…tell you about a 9-year-old boy. He is a bicycle motocross racer, and his name is Andrew Sue. He rides under Number One on the track, and he lives in Lansing, Michigan. He’s also Number One in other ways. He weighs about 34 kilograms. The boy is a two-time BMX, that’s Bicycle Motor Cross, national champion, and he’s also a two-time world champion. He’s right Number One for his age in the National Bicycle League and Number One in the American Bicycle Association’s Michigan II District. And he’s been a bicycle motocross racer since he was five years old. Andrew has collected more than 126 trophies for his feats on the track. His awesome display of hardware has not set around collecting dust, however. He donated many of the trophies, the hardware, to the Michigan Special Olympics. I don’t know if you are familiar with that. Now Special Olympics on television and he decided that he had so many trophies that he ought to give them some. And he talked it over with his parents that he ought to give them some. And he talked it over with his parents and they too thought it was a good idea. His father Tom Sue says that they were sort of running out of room in the house. After seeing the crippled children on television, they knew they had found a worthwhile purpose for the trophies. And Andrew’s unselfish gesture has brought praise from Michigan State Representative and Speaker of the House, Bobby Crimm. He wrote a letter and said, “ Your Mom and Dad must be very proud of you, Andy. You are truly an extraordinary young man.”And Andrew’s parents are obviously quite proud of what their son has done both on the track as a bicycle motocross Number One winner and also by giving the trophies to handicaps, participants in the Special Olympics. He knows that those trophies will bring other people great joy too.Part II- Bb, a, b, aPart II- CF T F F F T FPart II- D1.hiring painters2.doing advertising3.providing equipment4.taking care of payroll5.writing contract6.doing final inspection with customerTape scriptNineteen-year old Mark Laratonda is a local college student. He is getting useful business experience this summer at home in Pennsylvania. Mark and other students are spending their summer working for a company called Student Painters. Student Painters is based in Toronto. It operates in 28 states in the United States and in 5 Canadian provinces.All of the mangers and painters at Student Painters are full-time college students. They are earning money for tuition and expenses for the next school year.Student Painters was founded in 1980. Its goal is give students a chance to experience the real business world. I aratonda is a manager for Student Painters. He is also a business marketing major at Indiana University. He says, "Working at Student Painters is a great experience for me. I am learning a lot about how business operate."Laratonda heard about Student Painters last year at his university. "I filled out an application and they called me for an interview. After the interview, they called me again and offered me a job", Laratonda said. He eagerly accepted the opportunity. He said, "It's a great chance to get experience in the business world. I get to work in many different places and I get to work outside. There a lot of responsibilities. But there are a lot of rewards. It looks good on your resume, too."In order to become a manager, Laratonda was trained by company instructors. As a manager, he must do many things. For example, he is responsible for hiring the painters. He also does the advertising. Mar must provide equipment such as ladders, paint, and brushes for the painters. He takes care of the payroll ad writes the contracts. It is also his responsibility to do the final inspection of each project with the customer. Laratonda supervises two groups of painters. Each group has three painters. The painters usually work eight hours a day. "The people I hired are very responsible. They work hard and get the job done. " Laratonda says.His painters have completed 15 projects since May. They have about $40,000 worth of painting jobs to do this this summer.Statements:1.Student Painters is based in New York.2.Student Painters was founded in 1980.3.Student Painters operates in 50 states in the United States and in 5 Canadianprovinces.4.Mark Laratonda supervises three groups of painters.ratonda's painters have completed 15 jobs since July.pany instructors trained Laratonda to become a manager.7.Mark Laratonda is an engineering major at Indian University.Part III-AQuestion 1: 15 to 20 yearsQuestion 2: my abilities and aptitudes, as well as my interests and aimsQuestion 3: find success and satisfactionQuestion 4: the immediate advantages, the long-term prospectsQuestion 5: my guidance counsellor, my parents, my teachers and my headmaster. Question 6: Have I made a real study of jobs?Question 7: regard, a means of getting money, my future happiness and contentment, combination.Part III-B1.Affect/ future course of life/ determine/ friends/ husband or wife/ where you live/recreational activities/ other aspects2.Weak points/ strong ones/ what kind/ you want to be3.What/ other people / important and challenging/ talk to people/ watch/ at work4.Satisfaction/ not just start/ years to come/ importance of education / promotion/preference/ educated persons5.Experience/ benefit/ help/ think about/ stimulate/ really want to do / offersuggestions/ take advantage of/ qualities and qualifications6.Read about/study/ over and over again7.---------------------Tape scriptIn order to give you as much help as possible. I have drawn up a lit of questions that you ought to ask yourself."Have I given thought to what I would like to be doing 15 to 20 years from now?" Bear in mind that the career you choose will affect the future course of your life. It will partially determine your range of friends, your choice of husband or wife, where you live, your recreational activities, and other important aspects of your life."Have I a clear knowledge of my abilities and aptitudes, as well as my interests and aims?" Be honest about your weak points as well as your strong ones. Take a really good look at yourself and give real thought to the kind of person you are, what you are good at , and what kind of person you want to be."Do I know the kind of occupations in which people like myself tend to find success and satisfaction?" Once you have examined and found out about yourself, your nextquestion is what you really do with yourself. You can gain some idea of what other people, with similar abilities and interests, consider to be important and challenging in the careers that they choose, by talking to people already in the careers that interest you. Watch these people at work."Have I weighted carefully the immediate advantages against the long-term prospects offered by the jobs I am considering?" Will the occupation you select give you satisfaction, not just when you start, but in the years to come? Realize now the importance of education in all fields, technical and professional. Remember that when promotion occurs, preference is usually given to educated persons--other things being equal."Have I talked about my job preferences with my guidance counsellor, my parents, my teachers and my headmaster?" Remember they have tremendous fund of experience from which you should benefit. They can help you think about the jobs in which you will find satisfaction and challenge. They can stimulate you to give careful thought to what you really what to do, and offer useful suggestions as to how you might take full advantage of your personal qualities and qualifications."Have I made a real study of jobs? It takes a very long time to find the work that suits you the best. Reading about and studying a number of occupations is something you should do over and over again."How do I regard my job? Is it just a means of getting money to do the things that I want to do ? Is the work important to me and my future happiness and contentment? Is it a combination of both these things?"The above questions and their answers should give you some better ideas about how you should start planning your career. Your life-long job can not be approached in any kind of haphazard fashion. It must be considered carefully, examined from every angel, talked over with those who know you and those who can help you in any way. Part IVFilling up formsGeneral views:1.Personal life, habits, little or nothing, the matter in hand2.Hesitate, intimate friends, goes blank3.The worst4.No reliefSupporting detailsA.Driving license/ evening course/ holiday abroadApplying for job/ stamps/ measles/ father tobacconist/ in Foreland/ died at 82B. Date of birth/ nationality/ serious illness/ tonsils/ delicate/ lazy/ personal defects/ contact lenses/ upper teeth not own/ character/ gambling/ difficult to get upC. Education/ previous experience/ posts held/ dates/ struggle to remember/ exams/ how long/ what firms/ if blank/ in prison/ dubious occupationD. Summons/ explain discrepanciesTape script:Of all things in the world, I most dislike filing up forms. In fact, I have a positive horror of it. Applying for a driving license, registering for an evening course, booking a holiday abroad- everything nowadays seems to involve giving information about one's personal life and habits that has little or nothing to do with the matter in hand. When applying for a job, it may be of some obscure interest to a prospective employer to learn that I collect stamps or bad measles as child. But why should he conceivably want to know that my father was a tobacconist to live in Foreland and died when he was 82. The authorities who require one to fill up forms frequently demand answers to questions that one would hesitate to put to one's intimate friends. The worst of it is that, when confronted with such questions, my mind goes blank and I can hardly remember my own date of birth, let alone my nationality. Have I ever suffered from a serious illness? Have I ? What do they mean by "serious"? I had my tonsils out in hospital when I was eight, and my mother always assured me I was delicate, but father contended I was born lazy. Do I suffer from my personal defects? Well, I wear contact lenses and my upper teeth are not my own. But perhaps the word "defect" applies to my character. Am I supposed to admit that I like gambling and find it difficult to get up in the morning, both of which are true? Of all, I think job applications are the worst- education, pervious experience, posts held, give dates. Terrified by the awful warning about giving false declarations, which appears at the bottom of the form, I struggle to remember what exams I passed and how long I worked for what firms. However hard I try, there always seems to be a year or tow for which I can not satisfactorily account and which, I am certain, if left blank, will give the impression that I was i prison or engaged in some occupations too dubious to mention. Even when the form is safely posted, there is no relief as I hourly await the summons from some furious official to explain the discrepancies on my form.。
