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教师资格《英语学科知识与教学能力（初级中学）》模拟试题及答案六
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SYLLABUS
Course: Theoretical Foundations of ESL 二语习得与教学研究
Instructor: Dr Xiaoguang Cheng
Time: Fall of 2011
Course Materials: Brown, H. D. 2007 (Fifth Edition). Principles of language learning and teaching. NY:
Pearson..
Mitchell, R. and F. Myles. 2004. (Second Edition). Second language learning theories.
London: Arnold.
Order of Presentations:
1. B. Chap 1. Language, learning, and teaching
2. M & M. Chap 1. Second language learning: key concepts and issues
3. M & M. Chap 2. The recent history of second language learning research 4. B. Chap 2. First language acquisition （biological） 5. B. Chap 3. Age and acquisition （biological）
6. B. Chap 4. Human learning （cognitive）
7. B. Chap 5. Styles and strategies （cognitive）
8. B. Chap 6. Personality factors （affective）
9. B. Chap 7 Sociocultural factors （sociocultural） 10. B. Chap 8. Communicative competence （pragmatic）
Chapter 8 Language in Use
1. 语义学与语用学的区别
1.1 语用学（Pragmatics）
Pragmatics is the study of the use of language in communication, particularly the relationships
between sentences and the contexts and situations in which they are used.（语用学是研究语言实际运用的学科，集中研究说话人意义、话语意义或语境意义。）
1.2 区别
Pragmatics is sometimes contrasted with semantics, which deals with meaning without reference to
the users and communicative functions of sentences.（语用学主要研究在特定的语境中说话人所想要表达的意义，语义学研究的句子的字面意义，通常不考虑语境。）
2. 合作原则及其准则（Herbert Paul Grice）
2.1. 合作原则(Cooperative Principle)
说话人经常在话语中传达着比话语表层更多的信息，听话人也能够明白说话人所要表达的意思。格莱斯认为一定存在一些管理这些话语产生和理解的机制。他把这种机制称作合作原则。
2.2. 准则(maxims)
数量准则(quantity)
① 使你的话语如（交谈的当前目的）所要求的那样信息充分。
②不要使你的话语比要求的信息更充分。
质量准则(quality)
设法使你的话语真实
① 不要讲明知是虚假的话
② 不要说没证据的话 关系准则(relation)
所谈内容要密切相关
方式准则(manner)
要清晰。
① 避免含糊不清
② 避免歧义
第一题 名词解释
1. Linguistics： Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language。
2. Phonetics： The study of sounds which are used in linguistic communication is called
phonetics。
3. Phonology： The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called
phonology。
4. Morpheme： Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language.
5. Reference： Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real,physical world;it deals
with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non—linguistic world of experience.
6. Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics.
7. Pragmatics ：The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics.
8. Free morpheme： Free morpheme are the morphemes which are independent units of
meaning and can be used freely all by themselves or in combination with other morphemes.
