LECTURE 8 主谓一致
本堂目标熟悉谓语用单数或用复数的常见情况，掌握一些特殊的主谓一致情况以及定语从句中的主谓一致，确保写作时不出现此类错误。
基础预习
所谓主谓一致就是指主语的形式变了，谓语的某些部分也要随之发生变化；主语和谓语动词之间要保持“数”的一致。
一、主谓一致遵循的三条原则
1）语法一致原则，即谓语的单复数形式要与主语一致；
2）意义一致原则，即谓语的单复数形式要与主语意义上的单复数一致；
3）就近原则，即谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
二、谓语用单数形式
主语 例示
时间、距离、重量、价值、数目等名词 Fifty years is only a short time in human history.
Two hundred miles is a long distance.
One dollars seems a fair price to that book.
短语、不定式、句、动名词 Swimming is a good way to keep healthy.
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
Where we will interview hasn’t been made public.
“-s”结尾的学科名词 Politics is the art or science of government.[注意:Her politics
are/is weak.有物主代词修饰时单复数均可。]
书、报、地名、组织的复数形式 The United Nations is a world organization.
The Times speaks for the British government.
news/works/corssroads
/woods等复数形式表单数概念means视情况 Bad news has wings.好事不出门，坏事传千里。
湖南第一师范学院外语系课程教案
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1 课 题 Lecture 8 Generalization of English Rhetoric 授课
时数 4 授课
类型 Lecture
教 学
目 的 To help students grasp generalization of English Rhetoric
Let students be aware of the differences between Rhetoric and grammar, phonetics and
lexicology
Let students master three aesthetic criteria in English rhetoric
教 学
重 点 1. The brief summary of English Rhetoric
2. The nature of English Rhetoric
教 学
难 点 The study of three principles of Rhetoric study and the three aesthetic criteria in English
Rhetoric
主要︵知识︶语言点 1. Definition of Rhetoric
2. Classification of Rhetoric
3. Rhetoric and figures of speech
4. The difference between rhetoric and grammar, phonetics, lexicology
5. Contents of Modern Rhetoric
6. The Three Principles for Our Study of Rhetoric
7. The Three Aesthetic Criteria in English Rhetoric
Diffraction of LightLesson 8Objectives
⑴Concept：Diffraction, Single slit Diffraction，Grating Diffraction, Diffraction Pattern, Grating Constant⑵Formula：(Single slit, dark fringe); （Grating，bright fringe）关键线：光程及光程差We will talk about1. What is diffraction? 2. How is the single-slit diffractionformed ? 3. What is diffraction grating? 4. How is the diffraction grating patternformed ? Diffraction
When a wave encounters a barrier or a slit whose size is similar tothe wavelength, the wave will spread out intothe region beyond the
barrier or slit.monochromatic
lightslitlenslensDiffraction Patternsingle slitcircular holecircular obstaclerectangular holeGrating diffractionA series of parallel slits with equal width and equal space between two adjacent slits.
transmission gratingreflection gratingGrating diffraction patternone slittwenty slitsthree slits
Lecture
WHAT IS POLLEN TUBE?
Pollen tube is part of the male gametophyte (雄配子体) of seed
plants. It act as a conduit to transport the male gamete cells from
the pollen grain (花粉粒), either from the stigma (柱头)to the
ovules (胚珠) at the base of the pistil(雌蕊), or directly through
ovule tissue in some gymnosperms (裸子植物).
Gymnosperm is a group of plants whose seeds are expose to the
air.
WHY THEY CHOOSE THE POLLEN TUBE?
They are easily cultivated in vitro (体外) and have a very
dynamic cytoskeleton that polymerizes at very high rates. That
is, the metabolism is extremely active in this cell and their
growth is well known as one of the fastest growing cell types in
the world. During tube elongation, numerous cell materials
required for tube extension are carried by secretion vesicles and
transported to the right place. Compared to other types of plant cells, vesicle-mediated
