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2021-2022学年上海新高一入学分班英语测试卷九（模拟交大附中入学测试卷）第I卷（选择题）一、单项选择（每小题1分，共25分）1．Most restaurants and cafes have ________ small no-smoking areas but won't enforce the law. A．set aside B．set outC．set down D．set off2．Although the city a good look in general, some of its heritage was destroyed in World War II.A．had preserves B．preservedC．preserves D．will preserve3．I felt like giving up. I probably ________，but my Dad whispered, “Come on! You can make it.”A．would have B．would C．should D．should have4．When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger ________ at the back of the classroom with his eyes ________ upon her.A．seating; fixing B．seated; fixedC．having seated; fixed D．to seat; fixing5．Hopefully, in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we ____________ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.A．develop B．have developedC．will develop D．will have developed6．Recently we have seen the film The Flowers of War,_______ are used in some restaurants to attract consumers.A．whose the figures B．of which the figuresC．the figures of whom D．the figures of whose7．The school bus he was looking forward to twenty minutes later.A．arriving B．has arrivedC．is arriving D．arrived8．Dogs have a far wider hearing range than humans, _________ them able to detect sounds far above a human's hearing limit.A．making B．madeC．having made D．to be made9．Another important question _______ at the international meeting.A．came up B．was came upC．came about D．came out10．Paul could be a very attractive boy but he ______ to his behaviour.A．paid no attention B．were paying no attentionC．pays no attention D．had paid no attention11．The extraordinary success of Conan Dole, mainly with his Sherlock Homes, has_________ the market with detective stories.A．flowed B．controlledC．charged D．flooded12．I was sent to the work site last month to see how the development plan ______ in the past two years.A．had been carried out B．would be carried outC．is being carried out D．have been carried out13．If Lucy_______ ill, she _______ absent from school yesterday.A．were not; wouldn’t beB．were not; wouldn’t have beenC．hadn’t been; wouldn’t beD．hadn’t been; wouldn’t have been14．—My sister wants to give Bob a birthday present. What can you suggest?—I suggest that she ________ him the new Ricky Martin CD．A．gives B．may give C．give D．could give 15．The young man, when questioned why he _______ the law, just looked at the policeman and said nothing.A．broke B．had broken C．won’t know D．haven’t known 16．The accident have been caused by a dog running across the road, but we don’t know forsure.A．might B．shouldC．will D．must17．In the past six years, Nadia Lalak environment-centered stories for school children. A．has been writing B．is writingC．will be writing D．have writ ten18．The old woman who ________ in the deserted house alone for ten years has been settled in a nursing home now.A．lived B．has livedC．had lived D．has been living19．—So you saw the accident with your own eyes?—Yes.I ________ for the bus across the street.A．had been waiting B．have been waitingC．was waiting D．would wait20．You have been repeatedly told the rules, so there ______ be any difficulty finishing the task.A．needn’t B．wouldn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t21．I was about to go out _______ the telephone rang yesterday．A．when B．after C．before D．Since22．After nine years working to protect Siberian tigers, Yang Jun _____ his efforts recognized at the annual award ceremony in Beijing where he was named a "wildlife protector".A．had B．had hadC．has had D．has23．Since living in the country is cheap ________ with that in big cities, my grandpa decided to spend the rest of his life in the country.A．in combination B．in comparison C．in contact D．in connection 24．When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I _______ my mind.A．will have changed B．have changed C．would change D．had changed 25．There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You _____ have come, but why didn’t you? A．must B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．ought to二、完形填空（每小题1分，共15分）The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.Starbucks literally changed the definition of “a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the bran d had three elements: coffee, 26 and stores. Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans 27 that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were employed and trained in coffee knowledge and 28 service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma (浓香) all 29 the “Starbucks Experience”.Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the “Starbucks Experience”, 30 coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.31 those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provides you with more than coffee. You get great people, first-rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and 32 advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home you’re part of a family. At work you’re part of a company. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. That’s what a Starbucks store has been 33 to creating for its customers —a kind of “third place” where they can 34 , reflect, read, chat or listen.The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the 35 from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also 36 original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging; the middle is black and white, the only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of37 : the visual warmth, hearing the way, smelling the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think, through the huge glass windows, watching the crowded streets, 38 sipping a coffee flavor, whic h is in line with the “Yapi”, the feeling of experience in the 39 life.But the 40 of Starbucks is not about the coffee, although it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.26．A．people B．managers C．customers D．clients27．A．assured B．promised C．ensured D．predicted 28．A．emergency B．environment C．employment D．customer 29．A．consisted of B．benefited from C．contributed to D．headed for 30．A．going beyond B．coming across C．making up D．depending on 31．A．With regard to B．In addition to C．Compared with D．In terms of 32．A．general B．reasonable C．legal D．fascinating 33．A．committed B．alerted C．subjected D．required 34．A．negotiate B．perform C．conceal D．escape 35．A．imagination B．inspiration C．patent D．philosophy 36．A．creates B．cultivates C．credits D．conveys 37．A．brand B．logo C．possession D．experience 38．A．greedily B．gently C．persistently D．indifferently 39．A．busy B．easy C．miserable D．energetic 40．A．product B．vision C．essence D．importance第II卷（非选择题）三、用单词的适当形式完成句子（41-45每小题1分，46题2分，共7分）41．They were found on fishing ________ (vessel) in the 1800s. （所给词的适当形式填空）42．Guide dogs open up the lives of the blind or the ________(visual) impaired. （所给词的适当形式填空）43．Usually the Chinese language ____________ (refer) to as Han. (所给词的适当形式填空) 44．Just go on writing and do the __________ (polish) when you've finished. （用所给单词适当形式填空）45．_________ you’re from, you can come to dance, dine, and take part in outdoor and indoor concerts. (用适当的词填空)46．单句语法填空The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess __________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.四、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文（每小题1分，共10分）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The ability to write well is not a gift. Sure, the special something setting apart Shakespeare or Tolstoy is a talent47．of disposition(性情), experience and commitment. But just being able to communicate clearly with written words is a learned skill. Because the words we use to write with are the same words we use to think with, learning to write well has implications going beyond the merely technical. As we improve our writing ability, we improve our ability to think--to build an argument, to frame issues in forceful ways, to 48．seemingly unrelated facts into a coherent whole.And despite the recurring pessimistic opinions about the "end of literacy" and the "death of the 49．word", the reality is that we write more than ever these days. While it's a rare person who sits down with pen and paper in hand and writes a letter to a friend or loved one, we50．emails at an astounding rate. We also frequently write letters, proposals, memos, speeches and dozens ofmore51．types of documents In a word, we are52．writing creatures.It's no wonder that businesses repeatedly cite "communication skills" as the single most 53．trait in new employees. The problem, though, is that we are as a society 54．bad at writing. That is a great danger. Out classroom is filled with unmotivated students who could care less about writing. But being able to write well vastly improves students' potential for success as it helps them to think through problems and express their ideas more effectivelyThe good news is that writing well is not a gift55．for the few but a set of skills that can be mastered by anyone. Here are some tips to help you move from being 56．capable to being an excellent writer. First, start a journal or a blog to get you writing regularly. Then read it so that you can find the awkward parts. Finally, be open to others' comments So if you worry about your writing ability, commit yourself now.to becoming a solid writer in the year to come.五、汉译英（整句）（每小题2分，共10分）57．我多希望我昨天来开会了！(wish) (汉译英)58．汤姆正计划在2022年中国举办冬季奥运会时来中国旅游。
上海市交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三英语第一学期期末考试试题请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。
2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．—What’s that noise?—Oh，I forget to tell you.The new machine________.A．is testing B．was being testedC．is being tested D．has been tested2．--- Ann, our department may be named the Department of the Year because of the outstanding performance.--- _______.A．Good to know B．I’ll sayC．I hear you on that one D．Can’t argue with that3．Is it common practice that salesmen receive a _______ of 10 percent on all sales made?A．deposit B．receiptC．pension D．commission4．I wouldn’t have missed the train if I ______ up earlier.A．got B．had got C．will get D．have got5．People believe that the China Dream is not very difficult ________ so long as the whole nation works hard for it.A．realizing B．to be realizedC．realized D．to realize6．The Dragon Boat Festival ________ the beginning of the hottest season of the year. A．is marking B．marks C．will mark D．marked7．Taught in a more professional way, you _________ the swimming skill much better. A．might master B．would have masteredC．can have mastered D．could master8．We should bear in mind that social development and balance of nature should goin .A．company B．sympathy C．association D．harmony9．I still find it hard to imagine that such a clever child __________ make such a foolish mistake.A．shall B．mustC．can D．should10．________ s ome teenagers don’t realize is ________ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.A．That; how B．Which; what aC．What; what D．What; how11．More competitive high-tech enterprises are investing in Nantong Central Innovation District, which will result in _____ economic growth.A．sustainable B．adaptable C．recyclable D．changeable12．Backward somewhat technologically ________ we are for the moment, we have confidence in our ability to catch up in time.A．although B．if C．as D．once13．---Can you come on Monday of Tuesday？---I'm afraid__________ day is possible.A．either B．neitherC．some D．any14．My uncle finally bought his dream house ______ overlooks a beautiful park. A．which B．where C．who D．what15．When in trouble，remember to stay calm，and everything will well．A．turn back B．turn up C．turn down D．turn out16．—Is there a hospital nearby? I hurt my ankle, and cannot move now.—It’s about 3 blocks away. I _____ you there.A．took B．takeC．will take D．have taken17．For all the failure of his business, he remains optimistic and ________ untroubled by his problems.A．hopefully B．seeminglyC．rarely D．frequently18．________ the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A．Not completing B．Not completedC．Not having completed D．Having not completed19．________ terrible, the medicine was thrown away by the child.A．Tasted B．TastingC．To taste D．Being tasted20．---We found a buyer for our house, but then the sale _____.--- Why not promote it by posting an advertisement online?A．fell through B．got throughC．cleared up D．looked up第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2021-2022学年上海新高三入学摸底英语测试卷九（模拟交大附中入学摸底卷）第I卷（选择题）一、完形填空（每小题1分，共15分）During the summer before third grade, Patty decided to try a new 1 . Patty and her friend Darla got 2 from their parents to join. The neighborhood was offering a tennis class.On Monday morning, Mrs. Cane, the tennis coach, 3 the basics. By the end of the week, Patty was really making 4 . Mrs. Cane commented that Patty had lots of potential. Darla was struggling. The other girls were having a 5 time of it, also.That weekend, Darla 6 her parents to hit with her, Patty wasn't really 7 . She was such a "natural" at tennis that she felt she really didn't need to 8 So, Darla was out in the August heat, practicing her serves (发球). Bу the end of the summe r, Darla was 9 to get the hang of (掌握……的要领) it.Darla decided to join the neighborhood junior tennis team. 10 would be every Thursday. Patty wanted to join, but she didn't want to 11 the Youth Troop TV show. Several weeks passed, and Patty went to one of the matches one Thursday. She was really 12 with the way the girls were hitting. Patty 13 she had joined. But it was too 14 , now. Patty was far behind the rest of the girls. All of that "natural talent" really, got her15 .That was one of the best lessons of her life.1．A．sport B．job C．task D．solution 2．A．information B．permission C．direction D．decision 3．A．gave away B．stuck to C．started with D．insisted on 4．A．progress B．mistakes C．trouble D．preparations 5．A．boring B．hard C．valuable D．enjoyable 6．A．taught B．allowed C．inspired D．begged 7．A．confused B．curious C．interested D．ashamed 8．A．practice B．perform C．explain D．quit 9．A．pretending B．waiting C．beginning D．dreaming 10．A．Breaks B．Meetings C．Classes D．Matches 11．A．miss B．watch C．focus D．contact12．A．satisfied B．impressed C．delighted D．frightened 13．A．regretted B．declared C．wished D．thought 14．A．relaxed B．obvious C．awkward D．late 15．A．anywhere B．nowhere C．somewhere D．everywhere第II卷（非选择题）二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文（每小题1.5分，共15分）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Just in time for the new century, the new fashion trends offer a lot of choices to the customers. Instead of one main fashion look, fashion houses are 16．a range of different looks. The new prediction for high fashion this year is “Personal Style”. As long as it’s 17．, you can wear—whatever you want. That means any color and dress length is 18．.What is the reason behind the confused fashion 19．this year? One Italian designer puts the confusion down to a world-wide 20．to the globalization of high fashion over the last ten years. Globalization has meant that all over the high-fashion world, fashion designers have 21．each other’s designs.This year, for the first time on the fashion catwalks in Europe and the USA, there is no 22．designer style to copy. Instead we now get to decide our own fashion style. The individual can now be truly individual. The latest trend is for the fashion— 23．to experiment with different styles. You try to work out your personal style, which should suit your body as well as your outlook on life. Once you have 24．your style, stick to it. Be confident about yourself and your clothes. Remember, your style is a(n) 25．of your inner self.I have a muscle disease but I don't look any different from other people. Sometimes, I was too weak26．go to school so my education suffered. Every time I returned afteran27．(absent), I felt stupid because I was behind the others.My life is a lot easier at high school because few fellow students make me28．(annoy). My ambition is to work for a firm29．develops computer software when I grow up. Last year I invented a computer football game and a big company has decided to buy it from me. I have avery busy life with no time to sit around30．(feel) sorry for myself. As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends. I spend a lot of time looking after mypets31．(proper) but I find it worthwhile.In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more32．(independence). I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been worth it. If33．(have) a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. So don't feel sorry for the disabled or makefun34．them, and don't ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live35．rich and full a life as you do.三、用单词的适当形式完成短文（每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
2022-2023高三上英语期末模拟试卷注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．— You should have helped your mom wash the dishes．—I meant ．But she is always telling me to study．A．to do B．to C．doing so D．doing2．Playing with the foreign visitors, my cousin is beginning to several different languages.A．pick up B．pick outC．turn up D．show out3．________about the man wearing sunglasses during night that he was determined to follow him.A．So curious the detective wasB．So curious was the detectiveC．How curious was the detectiveD．How curious the detective was4．________ two hours daily has made considerable difference to my physical condition. A．To walk B．WalkingC．Walked D．Having walked5．The project is far behind schedule. It’s impossible for you to ______ it in a week. A．catch upon B．live up toC．add up to D．hold on to6．This house is almost ________ to the one where I lived as a child.A．identical B．manualC．chilly D．enthusiastic7．________ in the last examination, she was more confident of another success in the coming one.A．To succeed B．To have succeeded C．Having succeeded D．succeeding8．For thousands of years,poetry the favorite type of literature for many in China. A．is B．has been C．was D．will be9．I’m sorry you have been waiting so long, but it will still be some time ________ you can get your passport.A．since B．tillC．after D．before10．----- Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening?----- Excellent! Ales and Andy performed _________ and they won the firs prize. A．skillfully B．commonly C．willingly D．nervously11．–My TV set doesn’t work, the water tap is dripping and my car is still under repair!–You sure ________ bad luck these days.A．had B．will have C．had had D．are having12．I wanted some more cold meat but there was _____ left.A．none B．no one C．any D．some13．_______child will find his own personal road to success.A．Each B．The otherC．Either D．Another14．—Uncle Wang is in hospital.—Oh, really? I ____________. I _____________ go and visit her.A．didn’t know; am going to B．hadn’t known; wouldC．haven’t known; will D．didn’t know; will15．The man ________ the fake news that 18 firefighters lost their lives in the explosion was arrested.A．having circulating B．to circulateC．circulating D．to have circulated16．There are a lot of signs men are more likely to have heart attacks than women.A．indicate B．to indicate C．indicated D．indicating 17．The coat I bought yesterday is not expensive at all. As a matter of fact, I would gladly have paid ______ for it.A．as much twice B．much as twiceC．as twice much D．twice as much18．A survey of the opinions of experts _________ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ________ good for one’s health.A．show; are B．shows; isC．show; is D．shows; are19．—Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry.With so much work _______ my mind,I almost break down.A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled20．Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or____________ it is convenient to you.A．wherever B．howeverC．whichever D．whenever第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
上海市交通大学附属中学2021届高三9月开学考试英语试题一、完形填空In the World Cup, the U. S. and England aren't traditionally rivals. But, off the field, a different type of1．_____ has dominated for more than a century: what to call the world's most popular sport.To Americans, it's soccer. The most of the rest of the world (including England, the birthplace of the modern sport), it's football. But what most people don't know is that the word "soccer" is not 2．_____ an American invention. On the contrary, it was a(n) 3．_____ from England, and one that was commonly used there until relatively recently, when it became too much of an Americanism for British English to bear.At least, that's the 4．_____ made by Stefan Szymanski, a professor of sports economics at the University of Michigan. In a paper from 2014, Szymanski writes that "soccer" 5．_____ late 19th-century England, as a way of differentiating between variants of the game which at the time did not have a commonly 6．_____ set of rules.In the early 1800s in England, football and rugby existed as different 7．_____ of the same game. But in 1863, the Football Association was 8．_____ to standardize the rules of football so that nobles boys from different schools could play against one another. In 1871, the Rugby Football Union followed suit. The two sports 9．_____ became known as Rugby Football and Association Football.In England, Szymanski writes, noble boys 10．_____ the shortened terms "rugger" and "soccer" to differentiate between Rugby Football and Association Football. To support this argument, he cites a letter to The New York Times, published in 1905: "It was a 11．_____ to Oxford and Cambridge to use 'er' at the end of many words, such as foot-er, sport-er, and as Association did not take an 'er' easily, it was, and is, sometimes spoken of as Soccer."And the term, Szymanski says, was widely 12．_____ in England through the first half on the twentieth century. It became even more popular after World War II - driven, he suggests, by the number of American soldiers in the country and the 13．_____ with American culture around the world that came after the war.But by the 1980s, Brits started to 14．_____ the word, as soccer became a more popular sport in the United States. "The penetration of the game into American culture," Szymanski writes, "has led to backlash against the use of the word in Britain, where it was once considered a(n) 15．_____ to the word 'football'".1．A．debate B．resistance C．rivalry D．contrast2．A．on earth B．in fact C．without doubt D．on purpose3．A．loan B．provision C．acceptance D．import4．A．argument B．guess C．contribution D．claim5．A．took off B．rose from C．originated in D．started with6．A．agreed-upon B．made-up C．worked-out D．tightened-up7．A．rules B．settings C．shifts D．variations8．A．secured B．maintained C．established D．differentiated9．A．relatively B．officially C．particularly D．outstandingly10．A．settled down to B．came up with C．made up for D．looked up to11．A．craze B．madness C．defence D．permission12．A．admitted B．presented C．preserved D．recognized13．A．association B．fascination C．concern D．agreement14．A．turn against B．hold back C．put off D．act on15．A．connection B．compliment C．alternative D．response二、阅读理解Dansh Boyd, who holds positions at Microsoft Research, New York University, and Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet and Society, has a pointed message for parents: Most everything we think we know about the way our kids are using the Internet is wrong. Boyd's new book, it's Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens, makes the case that the Internet isn't nearly as scary or damaging to young people as many moms and dads believe. As the mother of a 16-yaer-old, I found most of it fascinating. Here are two of my biggest takeaways: Technology is not turning our teens into social misfits.Although the image persists that young people would rather test than talk, and prefer connecting of Facebook than hanging out in person, Boyd says this isn't true. "Most of the teens that I met ... were desperate for the opportunity to leave their homes to gather with friends," she writes.The trouble is that in many communities, young people have less freedom than they once did because they are so over scheduled and because parents are worried about their safety. "The era of being able to run around after school as long as you are home before dark is long over." Boyd notes.To make up for this lost freedom, teens have turned to their computers. "The success of social media must be understood partly in relation to this shrinking social landscape." Boyd explains. Facebook, Twitter. Instagram, Snapchat, and other sites "are not only new public spaces: they are in many cases the only 'public' spaces in whichteens can easily communicate with large groups of their peers."Adolescents aren't as Internet savvy as we like to think.Although teens have been called "digital natives" for having grown up practically glued to their computers and smart-phones, they still remain simple in many ways about what they find online. After all, they're just kids."Many of today's teens are indeed deeply engaged with social media ... but this does not mean that they have the knowledge or skills to make the most of their online experiences," Boyd writes. "The so-called 'digital natives,' far from being useful, is often a distraction to understanding the challenges that youth face in the networked world."One area in which young people need help is in learning to distinguish between valid and misleading sources of information. "Teens may make their own media or share content online," Boyd observes, "but this does not mean that they inherently have the knowledge or perspective to critically examine what they consume."Yet many teachers, librarians, and, yes, parents do. "Even those who are afraid of technology," Boyd says, "can offer valuable critical perspective."As a mom or dad, the most important thing for your kid to plug into is your hard-earned wisdom. 16．Danah Boyd's new book mainly talks about ________.A．the correct and wise use of the Internet for young peopleB．teens' real social lives online and advice for parentsC．measures parents can take to deal with the damaging InternetD．fascinating takeaways for a mother of a 16-year-old17．According to Boyd, why are teens nowadays easily considered social misfits?A．Because they seem to prefer to communicate through social networks.B．Because they are too over scheduled to hang out with friends in person.C．Because parents require them to stay at home more for safety reasons.D．Because social networks offer them convenience of communication18．An "Internet savvy" person is one who ________.A．tends to be cheated over the Internet all the timeB．is completely absorbed in social networks all the timeC．knows how to fully and wisely use the InternetD．has the ability to distinguish right from wrong19．Boyd may suggest that parents should ________.A．provide kids with more chances to leave homes and gather with friendsB．build more public places for kids to communicate with their peers C．provide kids with knowledge and skills to help them to digital natives D．filter out the misleading sources of information online for their kidsFOUR BOOKS YOU SHOULD READCarolineLeavittCruel Beautiful WorldAt age 16 Lucy is a lonely orphan living with older sister Charlotte and devoted aunt Iris in Waltham, Massachusetts. On the last day of school, she runs away with her 30-year-old teacher, William, and settles in a hillside shack in rural Pennsylvania, near his new teaching job. Though Lucy feels increasingly isolated, William won’t allow her any outlet. Leavitt draws upon a real-life crime that involved a girl she knew in high school. She tells her story from multiple viewpoints, building tension and empathy for Lucy and Charlotte as tragedy swallows them.Steven Price By GaslightPrice, an award-winning Canadian poet, achieves an extraordinary achievement of Dickensian storytelling in his weighty second novel. His hero is William Pinkerton, son of the founder of the legendary detective agency, who finds clues in his late father’s safe to the case of William Shade. This mythic thief had disturbed and upset his father. William tracks a Shade accomplice（共犯）, Charlotte Reckitt, to London, only to find she’s been found dead in the Thames. Also on the scene is Adam Foole, who is obsessed with Charlotte, who he met while stealing De Beers diamonds from a South African mine. Price ably arranges dozens of interlinking plotlines as he spans three continents and several decades, from American Civil War battlefields to Scotland Yard at the end of the 19th Century.GeFeiThe Invisibility CloakBeijing-based GeFei (pen name for Liu Yong) won the 2015 Mao Dun Literature Prize for fiction “describing the changing spirit of Chinese society” over the past century. The Invisibility Cloak, his first English publication, revolves around Cui, a divorced man who creates customized hi-fi speakers for Beijing’s newly wealthy and a few intellectuals. Beijing’s rapid expansion has left Cui longing for an invisible life away from the city. His chance comes when he agrees to build a world-class sound system for a gangster（黑社会老大）. GeFei’s nice irony, translated from the Chinese by Canaan Morse, should find many fans.Tim Harford MessyThe temptation to be neat and tidy may be powerful, but “we would be better served by embracing a degree of mess,” Harford argues. His defense of the creative potential of the imperfect, crude, random, vague, difficult, diverse and even dirty is refreshing. Reaching into the arts, politics, business, science and technology, Harford makes a compelling case for opening up to disorder and luck.20．Which author does NOT tell a story in his / her work listed above?A．Caroline Leavitt B．Steven PriceC．GeFei D．Tim Harford21．Jack is an American who would like everything to be neat and tidy. He loves reading novels with ironic humor and detective stories. He is going to work and live in Beijing for the next three years, and he is very curious about the place he is soon heading to. Which book will he most likely choose to read now?A．Cruel Beautiful World B．By GaslightC．The Invisibility Cloak D．Messy22．This page is intended for people who want to ______.A．buy newly-published books at a discountB．recommend books to friends and familyC．know what books are worthwhile to readD．understand the current trend in literatureLast week I had to attend an event that required me to look better than my regular self (having left "effortless beauty" behind somewhere in my 20s), so I did what any self-respecting woman would do, which was to go for a blowout at a nearby Drybar. After the visit, my hair looked much better - so much better, in fact, that I was feeling almost effortlessly beautiful until I got back to my desk to find an email from Drybar, asking if I would rate my experience.Life is so complicated now. In order to buy, visit or do anything, you need to follow this six-step process:1. Decide and plan to do the thing2. Do the thing3. Take a photo of yourself doing the thing4. Post the photo of you doing the thing on social media5. Repeatedly check how many likes the post of you doing the thing got6. Rate the thingHowever, sensible ones like me would usually like to stop after step 2.As I see it, there are two problems with our rate-everything way of living. First, the mystery-of-life issue. By my completely unscientific estimation, every time a new social-media platform is introduced, before long we will all know everything about everybody, and most of it will be things you don't want to know in the first place. Though some people may argue that expressing ourselves through ratings can help businesses perfect themselves. I dare say there can be more power in keeping your opinions to yourself than in giving a business a terrible review. I once worked for a legendarily scary woman whose power was all about her inscrutability. Every day her staff is doing anxious tea-leaf reading. " Did she like that thing you showed her?" "I don't know, she hasn't responded." "Where did she go all afternoon?" "I don't know, she didn't tell anybody." She was strict, changeable, reserved, and above all, mysterious, which both explained her attraction and enabled her to keep us firmly within her control.Second problem: the time-suck factor. No, Drybar, I do not want to be in a committed, dynamic relationship with you. I don't want to fill out a survey, and while I appreciate the email from user-support associate Katie, I feel upset for the time I spent reading it. Katie, if I need more help, I will reach out. Am I just a bad-temperedmiddle-aged lady who left effortless beauty behind in her 20s and now mostly wants to be left alone? Perhaps yes!In summary, and to businesses everywhere: I just want you to provide me with something that I pay for, and then I want no contact with you until the next time I need you. Isn't it enough that I gave you my credit-card number? If time is indeed money, then by taking my money and afterword making me rate the experience of your taking my money, you're essentially double-billing me. And I'm pretty sure that's illegal, as least in most states. 23．Which is NOT true about Drybar?A．Women gain self-respect there. B．It is near the author's place.C．It's a place making women look good. D．It collect customer's reviews.24．The example of a legendarily scary woman is used to illustrate ________.A．we can know everything about everybodyB．we actually didn't want to know all the thingsC．ratings can help business leaders in perfectionD．there's more power in keeping opinions to oneself25．The woman's inscrutability indicates that she ________.A．wants others to solve her mysteriesB．is reluctant to answer questionsC．doesn't like to reveal her feelingsD．likes to stay and act alone26．What would the author probably say to Drybar in response to the email she received?A．I am very satisfied because of your wonderful service.B．Spending time reading it and rating really disturbs me.C．I feel upset because you make me lose my beauty.D．Do I need to worry about leaving you my credit-card number?三、语法填空This is not the end of meatIt is true that some Americans have had to adapt to some changes during the pandemic. Some slaughter-houses shut down as the virus ran rampant through the workforce. One Tyson Foods pork-processing plant closed after more than 20% of 27．employees tested positive. Hundreds of Wendy's locations were out of burgers. Grocery stores put limits on how much meat customers 28．buy. But while Eating Animals author Jonathan Sarfran Fore took to the New York Times to declare, " The end of meat is here," and others have noted the increased sales ofplant-based meat products like Beyond Burgers, there is little evidence that any change in our eating habits will stick.29．history tells us is that Americans become upset about meat only when production is shown to be unsanitary（不卫生的）, or when supply reduces and prices go up. In fact, meat is so central to the American diet that President Trump has sought to keep supermarket butcher cases full with far more urgency than he has approached other aspects of the pandemic. Not only did he issue an Executive Order 30．(consider) processors of beef, pork and poultry critical infrastructure, he also announced billions of dollars in relief for food producers, much of 31．will benefit industrial-meat companies. These actions are not surprising: if those cases were empty on his watch, it would mean he 32．(fail) to defend a fundamental, part of the country's cultural structure.Of course, it's not as if we didn't already have initiative 33．(reduce) our meat consumption. It's well documented that animals 34．(raise) for meat, dairy and eggs increase greenhouse-gas emissions that cause climate change. And for years we were told to eat less red meat 35．links to heart disease, cancer and other health conditions. That produced a certain amount of change in the American diet, toward move chicken. But 36．1999 Gallup poll found that 6% of Americans identified as vegetarians. In 2018, that number was 5%.四、选词填空I'm a 50-something male, the father of two mostly grown girls. I'm happy to say that both my parents are still kicking. I'm on good 37．with my brothers and sisters most of the time. I am blessed with good friends and other relations, and tend to get on well with my co-workers. I am fortunate in so many ways, but feel like I consistently disappoint everyone I know.I cannot, for the life of me, give a genuine 38．. It simply doesn't come naturally. When I try, and I do, in order to maintain all the relationships, it feels forced, more a matter of 39．than a gift that might put wind in the sails of someone I truly care for. I feel strongly that giving should spring from joy, or at least from a 40．desire to see the recipient enlivened by it. When I have nothing to offer in response to a job well done, everyone loses. I feel like I've twisted the emotional and social development of my children, alienated（疏远）any number of perfectly wonderful lovers, and generally kept the world at arm's length.After years of psychotherapy and the obsessive self-examination common to my generation, I believe I know where this meanness of spirit comes from. Six kids in total, at a very tender age, there were five younger, cuter kids standing between me and object of our 41．. Mama was driven to 42．, to put it mildly, by the demands placed on her, but it was the 950s and she set a selfless and hardy example. I had complete 43．for her difficult situation, even at the time. The fact remains, however, that, as a young child. I needed more than I got. I44．for my mother's attention. I needed to know that she 45．me as more than her helper, her strong little man. I clearly recall, at the ripe old age of 7, coming to the conclusion that I would never get it. "That's OK," I reckoned, " I can get by without it". "it" being her love.You can imagine the sibling rivalry in a big family. Eventually I took haven in the written word to get away from it. But even before I learned to read, I had realized that giving any sign of approval or encouragement to my brothers and sisters could only 46．to increase the gulf between me and my mom. Does that make sense? I can rationalize otherwise, of course, and now we're all "one big happy family", but the damage is done. I want to be gracious and giving, but when I even think to reach into that purse, however, it's pretty much empty.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they47．at the thought of being seen it public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe 48．full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the 49．creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way waste hours of their time 50．the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; necklines are 51．or raised, and so on:No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with 52．things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who has not at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman53．in a thin dress on a winter day, or 54．picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the 55．changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and 56．? That is for you to decide.五、六选四Japan's population is shrinking as well as ageing. 57．In Tokyo it is below even the very how rates recorded in Italy and in Spain. What lessons are there for the rest of us when one of the most prosperous and peaceful societies in the world appears to give up on children?The first thing is that globalization is not a simple homogenizing（使类同）process. 58．For example, China will certainly long be shaped in ways difficult to foresee by the one-child policy, even though it has now been axed. More generally, although it seems clear that in today's modern society women will often choose to have fewer children, the particular reasons vary between societies and so will the consequences. In Japan, a country with very little immigration and little appetite for more, the consequences of an ageing population will be rather different from those western countries where the population is held up by the immigration of young people and their families.One thing that distinguishes Japan from the rest of the rich world is that Japanese women don't have babies outside marriage. Ninety-eight percent of babies are born to married parents, and even childcare outside extended family is frowned on. The fall in the birthrate almost exactly tracks the fall in the marriage rate since the 1970s. The decline of marriage is a mixture of economic insecurity and women's lack of emancipation: for many women in Japan they have to make a choice between motherhood and any other career. As more women benefit from higher education and so gain the prospect of more interesting paid work, they are less willing to give it up for family life, even in a working environment which is often still astonishingly unsupportive. 59．The old jobs-for-life system has been weakened since the last century and many young men are excluded from it altogether. The consequence is that both men and women are less willing to gamble on marriage.All of these factors make Japan very different from western Europe, where as many as half of all births now take place outside marriage and professional childcare is almost universally regarded as desirable. 60．If the Japanese continue to be reluctant to have children, they may end up having to allow immigrants to look after their parents -- unless they want their care performed by robots.A．Many societies are struggling with the consequences of a low birthrate and will struggle much more in the future.B．In urban areas the birthrate has fallen far below replacement rate.C．In the mean time, women are more and more able to provide for their families than men.D．But with the ageing problem in Japanese society, old people will need care.E．However, with increasing old people in Japan, some of them may have to take care of themselves in the future．F．At the same time the social expectation that men will be able to provide for their families no longer matches the economic facts.六、概要写作61.The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and cause emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not receive day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it results in, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, authropologists（人类学家）point out that the isQulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni（恩戈尼人）the father and mother of a child did not raise their infant alone - far from it.Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have reported that day care had a slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidenceindicate that early is reasonable for infants.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案1-15【解析】这是一篇说明文。
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第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Fred let ________ that he was prepared to leave company when the new manager took office.A．secret B．slipC．promise D．standard2．The high-anxiety focus on reading score may have narrowed student________to knowledge about the world that can improve their reading.A．idea B．aid C．belief D．access3．If the weather had been better, we ______ a picnic yesterday.A．must have had B．would haveC．could have had D．will have4．－I _______ in the same position too long. My legs have fallen asleep.－Shake it a little before you get up.A．will sit B．have satC．am sitting D．have been stting5．A fireworks display was organized ________ the Queen’s birthday.A．to mark B．markedC．having marked D．being marked6．Lisa wouldn’t ________ the job any more. She had a big argument with her boss and resigned.A．come up with B．keep up withC．make up with D．put up with7．_______child will find his own personal road to success.A．Each B．The otherC．Either D．Another8．It was not until she got home____Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A．when B．thatC．where D．before9．Yumin, the late famous physicist, often encouraged his students to _____ what they believed in, even when facing strong opposition.A．come up with B．take charge ofC．put up with D．stand up for10．I would appreciate you could come to my birthday party.A．that B．that it C．if D．it if11．This was returned because the person ________ this letter was addressed had died three years ago.A．to whom B．to whichC．which D．whom12．The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the ________ to achieve it. A．acquisition B．comprehensionC．determination D．satisfaction13．Philips won 8 gold medals at the Beijing Olympic Games, __________astonished the world.A．that B．which C．what D．who14．______ caught in the rain unexpectedly, we still enjoyed the journey very much. A．When B．AsC．Unless D．Although15．The waitress at the restaurant was usually very considerate, but on this occasion she seemed to ________ the diners.A．ignore B．identify C．applaud D．satisfy16．— Sorry, sir. I ______ follow you. Would you please speak slower?— Ok.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t17．The maple trees turn a brilliant red in autumn, adding another to the colors in the harvest season.A．theme B．versionC．category D．dimension18．—Mike, it’s really impossible for us to get to the railway station in time!—How I wish I could stop the train ________ it.A．catch B．to catch C．catching D．caught19．Due to the reform and opening-up, our living conditions, undoubtedly, have improved ________ over the past decades.A．considerately B．approximately C．appropriately D．considerably20．We will remain ______to the path of peaceful development and shoulder more international responsibilities.A．committing B．committed C．to be committed D．to have committed第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2021-2022学年上海新高三入学摸底英语测试卷十（模拟交大附中入学摸底卷）第I卷（选择题）一、完形填空（每小题1分，共20分）One summer weekend, my wife, son and I entered a running race on mountain trails(小径). When the race started, our son took off 1 , but my wife and I stayed back and ran together, enjoying the scenery. After some time, while running down a narrow, 2 trail, I walked on a big stone and had a 3 , and in the process, I jammed (挤) my toe pretty hard. I realized I’d got my toe 4 , but I didn’t take off my shoe and sock to check my5 . Instead, my wife and I kept running.6 , after going about half the course, I realized my watch on my wrist was7 . Slightly discouraged, I encouraged my wife to go on8 , and I would return to see if I could find it. After running back for some time, I9 my broken watch off the trail. I picked it up, and quickly put it into my pocket. Then I 10 down the trail. Once I was near the end, I saw my son, who had finished 30 minutes earlier, had run back up the trail to11 me. He ran with me to the end.12 it turned out, both my wife and son had won first place in their age groups, but I had no chance of placing. As I sat down to 13 after the race, I decided to take off my shoe and check my toe, and I found that my sock was in blood. Pain and it hurt, but there was a bright side. I 14 to receive any award in my age group, but the race 15 had a special award which was given for the most injured runner in the race.So, how does this 16 relate to you and me in everyday life? Although everyone wants to live a life of comfort, the 17 is that we often face pain and 18 . However, the key to real happiness is 19 pain into something positive. In other words, 20 can make us stronger if we let them.1．A．easily B．suddenly C．calmly D．quickly2．A．rocky B．dirty C．smooth D．unknown3．A．break B．discovery C．fall D．pain4．A．injured B．shot C．destroyed D．knocked5．A．way B．damage C．plan D．sock6．A．Hopefully B．Therefore C．Luckily D．However7．A．broken B．slow C．wrong D．gone8．A．ahead B．above C．backward D．inside9．A．placed B．hid C．noticed D．missed10．A．jumped B．walked C．drove D．hurried11．A．visit B．meet C．push D．welcome12．A．If B．So C．As D．But13．A．sleep B．rest C．stay D．shake14．A．refused B．managed C．failed D．asked15．A．organizers B．winners C．owners D．supporters 16．A．problem B．news C．experience D．event17．A．hope B．idea C．reason D．truth18．A．success B．struggle C．happiness D．competition 19．A．including B．turning C．throwing D．dividing 20．A．difficulties B．exercises C．efforts D．skills第II卷（非选择题）二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文（每小题1分，共10分）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.I’ve always been an optimist and I suppose that is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place. For as long as I can remember, I’ve loved learning new things and solving problems in seventh grade. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time, I was21．. It was an old Teletype machine. But it changed my life. When my friend and I started Microsoft, we had a22．of “a computer on every desk and in every home,” which probably sounded too optimistic, but we believed personal computers would change the world. And they have.After 30 years, I’m still as23．by computers as I was back in seventh grade. I believe computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our24．and inventiveness to help us solve problems. Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a windowinto all of the world’s knowledge. They’re helping us build25．around the things we care about and stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.Like my friend Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing t o work.” My job at Microsoft is as26．as ever, but what makes me “tap-dance to work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can27．your handwriting or your speech, and they say, “I didn’t know you could do that with a PC！”I believe that my own fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife and I have28．to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible. I’m still optimistic, and I believe that progress on even the world’s toughe st problems is possible. We’re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, and new29．paid to the health problems in the world.I’m excited by the30．I see for medicine, for education and of course for technology, And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we’re going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.三、用单词的适当形式完成短文（每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年度第一学期高三英语摸底测试（本试卷满分150分，120分钟完成。
）第Ⅰ卷（80’）Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’)Section A (10’)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper; and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. The seats there are uncomfortable.B. There are more than enough seals.C. It is popular with customers.D. It provides customers with reading materials.2. A. Give his neighbor a spare key.B. Get his key from his neighbor.C. Study in his neighbor’s apartment.D. Borrow some books from his neighbor.3. A. Hand in their financial plan later.B. Leave their financial plan unfinished.C. Seek more information for their financial plan.D. Finish their financial plan with what they have.4. A. He failed in Dr. Parker’s test.B. Leave their financial plan unfinished.C. Dr. Parker’s tests were not difficult.D. The man’s parents stopped boasting about his scholarship.5. A. The man should be recognized by his parents.B. The man’s parents helped him get the scholarship.C. The man should be praised for his accomplishment.D. The man’s parents stopped boasting about his scholarship.6. A. She didn’t work hard on it.B. She made many persuasive claims in it.C. It wasn’t as good as expected.D. Her professor was satisfied with it.7. A. Serve the dish as it is.B. Taste the dish first.C. Put some salt in the dish.D. Ask mum about the fish.8. A. She’ll call Julia next week.B. She wonders if she’ll see Julia.C. Julia doesn’t want others to see her.D. Julia won’t be able to help the man.9. A. It is a big deal.B. It needs a new engine.C. It doesn’t deserve repairing.D. It is in better condition than hers.10. A. He has a lot of experience as a skier.B. He hasn’t ever been to central mountains.C. He plans to go skiing during his spring break.D. He doesn’t recommend going to central mountains.Section B (15’)Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide whichone is the best answer to the question you have heard. Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It’s no use dreaming.B. What you get is just what you want.C. You are not satisfied with what you have.D. You are not clearly aware of what you want.12. A. As a principle for cooking.B. As a guideline for applying for a job.C. As an explanation of how to get a good job.D. As an example of a blueprint.13. A. It is required by the employer.B. It enables him to sell his abilities.C. It helps him to get connected with the employer.D. It forces him to become clearly aware of himself. Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. More frequent.B. More attractive.C. More successful.D. More straightforward.15. A. Too few managers ever do it.B. It can be useful in certain circumstances.C. Experts are sometimes unwilling to give opinions.D. It can help to have a whole grasp of the complex system.16. A. They may rely too much on details.B. They may ignore some necessary information.C. They can’t get in touch with employees.D. They may not have access to the whole thing.Question 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A writer. B. A journalist. C. A story-teller. D. A photographer.18. A. The ability to judge whether a story is true to the fact.B. The ability to keep in mind the importance of a deadline.C. The ability to research the sense of smell professionally.D. The ability to inform people of the missing parts of the story.19. A. The might fail to be capable note-takers.B. The might concentrate too much on details.C. They might be lacking in the trick of the trade.D. They might have no idea what to ask later.20. A. To promote the process of interviews.B. To keep the evidence.C. To challenge the content of recordings.D. To assess the information journalists need to know.Ⅱ. Vocabulary (10’)Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.Welcome to the YOLO EconomySomething strange is happening to the exhausted, type-A millennial workers of America. After a year spent hunched (弯腰驼背) over their MacBooks, 21 back-to-back Zooms, they are deciding to risk it all. Some are 22 stable jobs to start a new business, and others are stepping off the career treadmill altogether.If this movement has a rallying cry, it’s “YOLO”—“you only live once,” an acronym (首字母缩略词) 23 by the rapper Drake a decade ago and used by cheerful risk-takers ever since. It has come to characterize the attitude that has 24 a certain type of bored office worker in recent months.To be clear: The pandemic is not over, and millions of Americans are still experiencing 25 for the loss of jobs and loved ones. Not everyone can afford to throw 26 to the wind. But for a growing number of people with financial cushions and in-demand skills, the dread and anxiety of the past year are giving way to a new kind ofprofessional fearlessness.“It feels like we’ve been so 27 into careers for the past decade, and this is our opportunity to switch it up.” said Nate Moseley, 29, a buyer at a major clothing retailer. “The idea of going right back to the pre-Covid setup sounds so unappealing after this past year,” he said. “If not now, when will I ever do this?” If “l anguishing (受煎熬)” is 2021’s 28 emotion, YOLOing may be the year’s defining work force trend. A recent Microsoft survey found that more than 40 percent of workers globally were considering leaving their jobs this year.29 of employees’ quitting jobs, bosses are trying to boost morale (士气) and prevent burnout. LinkedIn recently gave the majority of its employees a paid week off.Raises and time off may persuade some employees to stay put. But for others, stasis (停滞) is the problem, and the only solution is 30 change.Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (45’)Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.America’s eating habits have changed radically over the past 40 years. We consume more and more food of less and less nutritional value. The nation’s adult obesity rate is now 42.4%.Why have our habits changed? Part of the reason is demographic (人口学的). When women moved into the workplace, 31 , there was less time at home to devote to cooking. The result has been more eating out or store-bought prepared meals. 32 has played a role, too: The microwave oven 33 an industry of highly processed fools larded with fats and oils.In Hooked, Michael Moss, a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, raises a question—What if the foods we’re swallowing have been designed and marked to become addictive? While presenting his case, Mr. Moss offers an appealing tour of America’s food 34 , taking side trips into biology and psychology and, not least, into the world of food compounds.Mr. Moss begins with the science of addition. The definition of addiction he likes best—“a repetitive behavior that some people find difficult to quit”—comes from a one-time chief executive of Philip Morris.As for the 35 that affects our food choices, Mr. Moss notes that, while it takes 10 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster—and salt and fat don’t take much longer than that. The difference 36 nicotine (尼古丁) needing to enter the bloodstream to reach the brain, while sugar and salt take a 37 through the taste buds (味蕾). But the tongue is 38 by the nose when it comes to driving our eating decisions. While presenting his case, Mr. Moss offers and appealing tour of America’s food 34 , taking side trips into biology and psychology and, not least, into the world of food compounds.Mr. Moss begin with the science of addition. The definition of addition he likes best—“a repetitive behavior thatsome people find difficult to quit”—comes from a one-time chief executive of Philip Morris.As for the 35 that affects our food choices, Mr. Moss notes that, while it takes l0 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster—and salt and fat don’t take much longer than that. The difference 36 nicotine (尼古丁) needing to enter the bloodstream to reach the brain. while sugar and salt take a 37 through the taste buds (味蕾). But the tongue is 38 by the nose when it comes to driving our eating decisions. While there are 10,000 taste buds, there are 10 million olfactory receptors (嗅觉受体), and they can detect hundreds of scents. “Flavor is the combination of taste and smell,” writes Mr. Moss, “and the lion’s share of the 39 in this goes to smell.”Or all the substances that can get us hooked, Mr. Moss says, “nothing is faster than food when it comes to 40 the brain chemistry. Certain kinds of food, that is.” The consumption of the highly processed and sweetened concoctions (调制品) that dominate the American diet: cereals, sodas, fruit juices, cookies, packaged meats, as well as salad dressing and pasta sauces delivers intense and immediate pleasure and creates a need that fits Mr. Moss’s broad definition of addiction.Why are we only now seeing the harmful effects of the food-induced brain chemistry? Mr. Moss summarizes the thinking of one of the scientists be profiles: “We simply haven’t had the 41 we would need, in relation to evolution, to catch up with the dramatic changes in food production and our eating habits of the past forty years.”One major theme of “Hooked” is that the food industry exploits this 42 —even creates it. Mr. Moss argues that the industry’s growth has been enabled by its “manipulation of our 43 desires,” not least through marketing and sales strategies. He describes companies super-sizing their products (such as the “Double Stuf” Oreo) and creating packaging that can remain 44 (thus casing consumption while, say, driving). One byproduct of these strategies, observes Mr. Moss, is that snacks—often processed products with high convenience but low nutritional value—now account for about 25% of daily calorie consumption. Social norms have adjusted themselves 45 : It has become “socially acceptable to cat anything, anywhere, anytime,” Mr. Moss writes.31. A. for instance B. after all C. vice versa D. in addition32. A. Marketing B. Service C. Technology D. Efficiency33. A. made up for B. cast light on C. gave birth to D. went in for34. A. industry B. landscape C. market D. production35. A. biology B. psychology C. mindset D. mentality36. A. hides from B. stems from C. shifts from D. emerges from37. A. shortcut B. bow C. twist D. chance38. A. compared B. paralleled C. leveled D. overtaken39. A. decision B. route C. credit D. benefit40. A. checking out B. stirring up C. paying off D. responding to41. A. temper B. limit C. gap D. time42. A. mismatch B. consumption C. rate D. pride43. A. intellectual B. rebellious C. instinctual D. conditional44. A. distinctive B. stylish C. upright D. appetizing45. A. positively B. progressively C. unexpectedly D. accordinglySection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)How do you teach a monkey new tricks? Labs have proved difficult places to train monkeys to respond to different sounds, but in the forests of Senegal’s Niokolo-Koba National Park, researchers were astonished how quickly one species of monkey adapted its behavior to a new sound.Julia Fischer at the German Primate Center in Gottingen and her team flew drones over a community of green monkeys in the area, to see what they made of a new flying object in their environment. They responded instantly, making alarm calls to warn one another of the potential new threat.The vocalizations were distant from the ones they made in response to models of leopards and snakes, but almost identical to calls made by a related species of monkey about eagles. The results suggest a hardwired response to the perception of an aerial threat and the use of that specific call.They monkeys adapted so quickly to the mechanical noise that they began scanning the skies and making the calls even when the sound of the drone was played from the ground. The monkeys were never seen issuing alarm calls in response to birds of prey in the area, suggesting that the birds they usually see aren’t considered a threat. The drones, however, seemed to be perceived as dangerous. “It’s certainly disconnecting, unpredictable, something they’ve not seen before, so it makes sense to alert everybody,” say Fischer. She says she was “blown away” by how rapidly the monkeys appeared to learn. “The listeners are smart. It’s almost impossible to get a monkey in a lab to do an audio task. It isn’t clear why such learning is harder in a lab environment,” she says.The study involved a year’s worth of fieldwork by a team of eight, who flew the drone about 60 meters above the monkeys. The research wasn’t without incident. Fisher had to duck inside a shelter made of palm leaves at one point, after a baboon ran to attack the leopard model she was holding.Vervet monkeys in East Africa are related to green monkeys. They have been closely studied for the different calls they make in response to a variety of predators, including pythons, leopards, baboons and martial eagles.The expectation for the green monkey study was that they would stay silent. come up with a new alarm call or produce one similar to the velvet monkeys’ eagle call. Fischer’s bet was on the eagle call option, and she was proved right. The vocalization appears to be highly conserved by evolution. “It teaches us about how different their vocal communication system is from ours,” says Fischer. “There is a very limited level of flexibility.”46. What can be learned about green monkeys’ behavioral adaptability to a new sound?A. They made sounds similar to a new flying object.B. They alerted each other to possible danger.C. They responded as though they had seen eagles.D. They scanned the sky for the source of the sound.47. In paragraph 4, the writer mentions “birds of prey in the area” in order to ______.A. compare the different sounds made by the monkeysB. specify the monkeys’ extraordinary adaptabilityC. illustrate these birds pose no threat to the monkeysD. prove drones are more appealing to the monkeys48. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The study conducted by Fischer and her team was painstaking.B. Monkeys differ greatly in their ability to adapt to a new sound.C. Researchers have unlocked why monkeys learn quickly in nature.D. Monkeys turn out to be quite flexible in their vocal communication.49. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Unbelievable—Monkeys Should Make Different Sound!B. How Do Monkeys Get New Tricks?C. Monkeys See Drones...D. Vervet Monkeys vs Green Monkeys(B)Getting to know Peru is to admire its churches, archaeological (考古的) sites, and houses with balconies, who are witnesses to the rich history and guardians of the cultural treasures of Peru. We invite you to discover the top 5 most representative collections.Royal Tombs of SipanThis is an exceptional exhibition of the Lord of Sipan, one of the most powerful men of ancient Peru, ruler of the Mochica Culture which dominated the Peruvian northern coast between 100 and 800 A.D. The Complex features the artifacts found within its tomb. The tour includes a visit to the archaeological site, which gives you a complete view of this magnificent discovery.Lima Art MuseumAlso known as MALI, the museum is home to a collection of more than 17,000 works exhibited in its permanent galleries including art, textiles and silverware from the first Andean civilizations to our days. In addition, the museum’s temporary galleries highlight local and international exhibitions. The building that houses the Museum is located at the entrance of Lima’s historic downtown next to a beautiful public park and is one of the most beautiful examples of architecture in Lima.MATEPeru’s most recognized photographer. Mario Testino, has gained a place as one of the most influential fashion and portrait photographers of our times. Here in Peru, he has written a new chapter in art’s history by restoring a beautiful 19th Century mansion to its former glory to home a non-profit museum that brings Peruvian artists and culture to worldwide attention. The museum offers the best of international contemporary art and photography through a program of exhibitions, residencies, and events, alongside a permanent display of his work.Santa Catalina ConventThis is not just another religious building—the 20,000-sq-meter complex is almost a castle within the Arequipa City. Occupying a whole block and guarded by imposing high walls, it is one of the most fascinating religious buildings in Peru. Its main attraction is the mix of Spanish an native elements in the architectural style and the splendid works of art, such as the art gallery containing pieces of the Cusco School of paintings showing the life of St. Catherine of Siena, and the murals (壁画) that can be seen all over the place.50. The passage is mainly intended to ______.A. highlight Peru’s rich history and well-known artifactsB. recommend some of Peru’s places that are worth visitingC. explain why Peru has protected its cultural treasures wellD. introduce most representative collections in Peru’s museums51. The building of ______ has a foreign touch.A. Royal Tombs of SipanB. Lima Art MuseumC. MATED. Santa Catalina Convent52. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The Mochica Culture spread across Peru around 800 A.D.B. Lima Art Museum is located on the outskirts of Lima.C. Mario Testino plays a part in publicizing Peruvian culture.D. Santa Catalina Convent is no longer used for religious purposes.(C)Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical (光学的) firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for his lack of training. However, on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Applied Optics and Optical Design, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated someday with Buchdahl’s Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.Hamiltonian theory describes the overall properties of optical systems considered as “black boxes,” although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl’s book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however, a comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer’s needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt (称职的) has, at some point in his career, attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been rare. Therefore, the theory has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern how optical systems work and in pointing the way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable physicist, but as one who, with a knowledge of practical optics, has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl’s approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.The author claims his book to be nonmathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at every point, to be master of the preceding exposition.53. Hamiltonian theory has been met with failure as a result of ______.A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of lightB. concepts too difficult for most lens designers to understandC. too much mathematical detail in the theoryD. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters54. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is ______.A. valuable only to those beginning to study opticsB. necessary to those interested in developing new optical systemsC. useless to those interested in practical opticsD. valuable to any student of optics55. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found in ______.A. indirect waysB. a fundamental power within the theoryC. the conceptual elegance of the theoryD. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems56. This passage is probably taken from ______.A. a book reviewB. a chemistry textbookC. an optician’s journalD. a general science textSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Living off gridWhen you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water. you turn on the tap.57 For many people, these facilities are the basics of civilized society and the idea of living without them seems risky. Yet for a growing number of people, the idea of living off grid—without electricity, water or sewage—is an increasingly attractive lifestyle.Off-gridders do not have to give up electricity or a modern lifestyle—some choose to, but most use small hydrolectric power systems, solar panels or windmills to generate enough power for their needs. Heating and cooking needs are met by solar energy or wood burning systems, and toilet facilities range from non-water toilets to outside compost toilets. 58 It ranges from additional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-speed internet and central heating. Whether they live in simple homes or luxury houses, what they all have in common is that their lifestyles do not create any pollution or carbon emissions—the ultimate goal for off-gridders.Around 100,000 people are thought to be living off grid in the UK now. 59 They grow their own foo, home-school their children and provide their own medical care. They are people who have been priced out of the housing market or who have grown disillusioned with what modern society can offer and who decides that an alternative lifestyle isn’t a pipe dream, but a viable option.A part from living an alternative lifestyle, cost is a big factor in choosing to live off-grid. Off-grid houses are far cheaper to build than ordinary homes since they don’t need to be connected to the electricity or water supplies and even road access is not necessary. Materials tend to be cheaper, too. Popular options include straw or old tyres and cement.Surprisingly, the biggest problem off-gridders face is not building their homes or becoming self-sufficient but getting permission to build. Rural areas away from town are the perfect choice but these are often protected by law from construction of any kind or have building restrictions. There are now several websites dedicated to land-sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of off-grid communities.60 Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America.第Ⅱ卷（70’）Ⅳ. Grammar (20’)Directions:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each other.(A)Elon Musk Tweets an Ancient Chinese Poem. Here’s What It MeansThe world’s richest man caught up in Twitter spats (小争吵), now wants some peace. In a Monday tweet, Elon Musk wrote “humankined,” followed by the Chinese poem The Quatrain of Seven Steps, a widely known classical poem used 1__________ (describe) infighting between closely-related people. Here is the poem 2__________ (translate) into English by Moss Roberts:Beans a simmer on a beanstalk flameFrom inside the pot expressed their ire:“Alive we sprouted on a single root—What’s your rush to cook us on the fire?”The verses were attributed to Cao Zhi, the son of famous warlord Cao Cao, 3__________ lived between 192 and 232 during the Three Kingdoms period. What exactly happened in history is contested. But the popular tale goes 4__________ after Cao Cao’s death, his oldes son Cao Pi succeeded him to become an emperor. Cao Pi was jealous of his younger brother Cao Zhi’s literary talent and wanted to find an excuse to kill him. One day, Cao Pi ordered Cao Zhi to make a poem about their fraternal (兄弟间的) relationship within seven paces, and swore to have the younger brother executed 5__________ he failed.Cao Zhi then made the bean-themed verses 6__________ the spot, alluding (影射) to Cao Pi’s cruel attempt to murder his own sibling. 7__________ (feel) ashamed, Cao Pi eventually let Cao Zhi go.In China, the poem is taught to primary school students and is often quoted by people to describe unnecessary rivalries. Interest users, including people in China, are confused over what Musk 8__________ (refer) to. Musk later liked a reply to his post that translated the verses as “Humans are fro the same ancestor, why are we so eager to destroy each other?” He 9__________ be talking bout a recent argument with the United Nations’ World Food Program. After the program’s director David Beaslety challenged the ultra-rich to provide $6 billion to help 42 million people, Musk over the weekend said he would sell his Tesla shares if the program could show on Twitter exactly 10__________ $6 billion could solve world hunger. Beasley invited Musk to talk, but Musk demanded open books (一目了然的事物) fro the organization.(B)Fun Facts about PigeonsPigeons are the most misunderstood of all creatures. Upon seeing a flock of pigeons, many people want 11__________ more than to run a mile in the other direction. Pigeons are commonly viewed as carriers and spreaders of disease, but that’s actually not true. People may be surprised to learn that these creatures have a number of 12__________ (fascinate) characteristics that should not be overlooked.First, pigeons are highly skilled navigators (领航员). A pigeon can find its way back to its nest after 13__________ (transport) more than a thousand miles away from it! Because of this ability, humans 14__________ (use) pigeons to their advantage for centuries.Another interesting yet not so admirable quality of pigeons is that they appear to be master procrastinators (拖延者). Scientific studies have shown that pigeons often delay the completion of a dull or troublesome task when an immediately 15__________ (convenient) alternative is available. Maybe pigeons could “give humans a run for their money” when it comes to putting off work!Next, we come to the unpleasant topic of pigeon droppings. Urban dwellers are used to seeing streets 16__________ (litter) with these droppings. Although pigeon poo is seen as a problem in modern times, several centuries ago, it was actually considered a valuable commodity 17__________ its usefulness as a fertilizer.Finally, it cannot be denied 18__________ intelligent creatures pigeons are. In addition to their navigation skills and excellent sense of hearing, they can distinguish between the letters of the Roman alphabet and differentiate between。
2022-2023高三上英语期末模拟试卷考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。
选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．I'd advise anyone to put aside a proportion of their earnings — ____________. A．nothing great is easy B．nothing comes from nothingC．a bad penny always turns up D．a penny saved is a penny earned2．He isn’t such a man ______ he used to be.A．who B．whomC．that D．as3．Not until they left school________how much their teachers loved them and helped them.A．they realized B．did they realizedC．the would realized D．had they realized4．We should go by bus ______ we can get there earlier.A．as soon as B．where C．in order that D．when5．She is quite________to office work. You had better offer her some suggestions when necessary.A．familiar B．similarC．fresh D．sensitive6．_______ a record-breaking seven Golden Globes, the musical La La Land surprisingly does not appeal to Chinese viewers.A．Winning B．WonC．Having won D．To win7．__________ 62% of all luxury consumer sales in Europe in 2015, shoppers from the Chinese mainland spent $7.2 billion overseas during the Spring Festival. A．Accounting for B．Adding toC．Consisting of D．Making up8．I would appreciate you could come to my birthday party.A．that B．that it C．if D．it if9．That Americans have no history while Chinese have no future sounds ________; it has raised a thought provoking question, though.A．artificial B．arbitrary C．allergic D．reluctant10．Our country has launched a campaign to ban smoking in public places, whichwith some heavy smokers.A．concerns B．was concernedC．concerned D．is concerned11．The success of “one country, two systems” in practice has been universall y ________, and this policy continues to go strong.A．acknowledged B．appreciatedC．accomplished D．accompanied12．By the side of the teaching building of our school _____, which was completed in 2009.A．there standing the library B．does the library standC．the library stands D．stands the library13．That Was the first time she alone at home during the weekends，bored to death．A．has left B．has been left C．had left D．had been left14．The bus dropped me off and pulled away _____I realized I had left my bag on it. A．while B．beforeC．after D．since15．Mark drives his car too fast and, what’s more, very carelessly,worries his mother.A asA．what B．it C．which16．It is not surprising that she was elected ______ monitor ;she is ______ very smart girl who has the ability to organize the class well.A．/; the B．/; aC．a;a D．the;/17．One of our rules is that every student _______ wear school uniform while at school. A．might B．couldC．shall D．will18．It's that time of year again，when Alipay ______ us just how much we've been spending，and on what．A．reminds B．remindedC．has reminded D．is reminding19．________ individual players, we have a great team but the problem is that they don’t play football together well at all.A．On top of B．By means ofC．In terms of D．In case of20．In the US, there are currently over 5,000 community schools _____, in addition to serving as educational institutions, function as community centers for the surrounding neighborhood.A．which B．whereC．whose D．as第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2021-2022学年交大附中高三第一学期第一次测试卷 9.19一、语法One day a two-year-old boy had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grasp on the bottle and it fell, ____1____(spill) its contents all over the kitchen floor——a sea of milk!Seeing at this, his mother instead of shouting at him or punishing him, said, “Robert, what a wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage ___2________(do). You know, Robert, __3______ a mess like this is made, it has to be cleaned up and everything restored to its proper order. So ,how would you like to do that? We ___4_______ use a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer? ”He chose the towel and together th ey cleaned up the spilt milk.His mother then said, “Robert, what we had there was a _5______(fail) experiment in _6____ to effectively carry a milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s go out to the backyard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it __7___ dropping it.” The little boy learned that if the bottle was grasped at the top near the lip with both hands, it could be carried without being dropped.At that moment the little boy came to understand he didn’t need to be afraid to _8____(make) mistakes. Instead, he learnt that mistakes were just opportunities for learning ___9______ new.Today, the boy is an outstanding scientist ___10_____ has made several important medical breakthroughs.二、选词When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be_____wasteful to tear them all down and _____ them with greener versions. A(n )_____ amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the_____carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up f or the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest_____, the greatest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and_____our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing building," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some_____, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that _____over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a vast number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from_____ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades can save more than just the earth, they can help_____property owners from rising power costs.Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they’ll say, “Success.”The dream of individual opportunity has been home in America since Europeans discovered a “new world”in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a_____society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote. “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的) and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we labor，starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man’s _____follow with equal steps the progress of his labor”drew poor immigrants from Europe and_____ national expansion into the western territories.Our national mythology is full of_____ of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin,A.expandB.exceptionsC.historicD.incrediblyE.poweringF.protectG.reducedH.replaceI.senseJ.varied H.enormous A.industry B.inevitably C.strongly D.fueled E.humble F.longing G.classless H.invaded I.status plicatedK.illustrationsthe very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from_____origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American ’s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The_____of success haunts us: we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even_____our personal relationships: today it ’s as important to be “successful ” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it ” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success_____ implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in _____symbols: we try to live in the “right ” neighborhoods, wear the “right ” clothes, eat the “right ” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe_____in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.三、完型Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers take them for granted. This is especially true 41 children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and 42 sports programs and make sure that there is easy 43 to participation opportunies. Children in low-income familiesand poor communities are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 44 the resources needed to pay for participation 45 , equipment, and transportation to practices and games as their communities do not have resources to build and 46 sports fields and facilities.Organized youth sports first appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed 47 some educators and developmental experts 48 that the behavior and character of children were 49 influenced by their social surroundings and everyday experiences. This 50 many people to believe that if youcould organize the experiences of children in 51 ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.This belief that the social 52 influenced a person’s overall development was very 53 to people interested in progress and reform in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about 54 they might control the experiences of children to 55 responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a growing capitalist economy depended on the productivity of workers.41. A) amongB) withinC) onD) towards42. A) spread B) speed C) spin D) sponsor43. A) access B) entrance C) chance D) route 44. A) shrink B) tighten C) limit D) lack 45. A) bill B) accounts C) fees D) fare 46. A) maintain B) contain C) sustain D) entertain47. A) before B) whileC) until D) when48. A) realized B) recalled C) expected D) exhibited 49. A) specifically B) excessivelyC) strongly D) exactly50. A) movedB) conducted C) putD) led51. A) precise B) precious C) particular D) peculiar52. A) engagement B) environment C) state D) status53. A) encouraging B) disappointing C) upsetting D) surprising54. A) what B) how C) whatever D) however 55. A) multiply B) manufacture C) produce D) provide 四、阅读 (A)There Student thieves look out. Students can easily get many research papers off the Internet. A new Web site could help teachers catch copiers.Some students research and write their term papers. Others, however, just copy them off theInternet and turn them in as their work.Two graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley have written a program to catch the students who copy. It compares a student’s paper with every other term paper on the Web.A hundred million Web pages on the Internet are searched. The top 20 search engines are used for the search. This service can be found at www. plagiarism. com. They also have a local data base of term papers.Teachers who sign up can send their students’ papers to the Web site. Within 24 hours they know if the student did the work.Every sentence that was a word-for-word match with another sentence either found on the Internet or within our database is coded.A U.C. Berkeley professor told his class he would use the program. Still some students copied papers. All 300 papers went through the program. In 45 papers or 15 percent of students had cut and pasted large amounts of material from different World Wide Web sites.Students that say they didn’t copy can defend themselves. They can show the instructors where they got their material. Students at universities try hard to get good grades. Some students welcome the Internet research watchdog because they say it is fair to all. They think copying is wrong.56. One reason why plagiarism has increased is that ______.A. student cheat more todayB. their reasoning and survival skills improvedC. students couldn’t find information to copy before the Internet was developedD. it is so easy to cut and paste papers or parts of papers from the Internet57. Using the program developed at University of California at Berkeley, the papers are checked by using ______.A. printing and looking carefully at hundreds of papers on the InternetB. a search of many Web pages and a comparison of words usedC. asking the student where they got the information in the paperD. comparing all the papers which are turned in by the students58. If teachers want to find out if their students wrote their own papers, ______. A. they ask other teachers to read their students’ papersB. they ask their students to list their sources of informationC. they can sign up for the Internet serviceD. they search the Internet and compare papersBIn modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: " I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try." What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.59. What does this passage mainly talk about?A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.B. Opinions about competition are different among people.C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.60. The underlined phrase "the most vocal" in Paragraph 3 means ________.A. those who try their best to winB. those who value competition most highlyC. those who are against competition most stronglyD. those who rely on others most for success61. What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a "desire to fail"?A. One's worth lies in his performance compared with others.B. One's success in competition needs great efforts.C. One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.D. One's success is based on how hard he has tried.62. Which point of view may the author agree to?A. Every effort should be paid back.B. Competition should be encouraged.C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.C篇About 40 years ago the famous British band The Beatles sang that“money can’t buy me love”. Today British economists are saying that it perhaps can’t buy you happiness either. This is showed by the happy planet index published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF ) in London.The index is about how well countries are using their resources. It shows how well they provide people with better health and longer and happier lives and at what cost to their environment.It would seem to be a common sense that people in richer countries live happier lives while those in developing countries are having a harder time of it. But the results are surprising , even shocking. The numbers show that some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly. The United States, for example , comes at an unbelievable number 150th. On the other hand, some little-known developing countries are doing a much better job. A tiny is land in the Pacific, Vanuatu comes in first. There are 178 countries and areas in the index. China ranks 31.Countries are graded on the basis of information supplied in response to the following questions. How do people feel about their live? How long does an average person live ? How intensively does a country need to use its natural resources -- such as oil, land and water--to maintain standards. This is what the inde x calls the “ecological footprint”.The NEF found that the people of island nations enjoy the highest HPI rankings. Their populations live happier and longer lives, and use fewer resources.The results also seem to show that it is possible to live longer, happier lives with a much smaller environmental impact . The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives.“However, Germany ‘s ecological footprint is only about half “ that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happy lives,”says Nic Marks, head of NEF’s center for well-being.So happy planet Index(HPI) tells us a brand- new concept of understanding “being happy”. HPI figures out different countries or individuals’ HPI through their Ecological Footprint” and Life satisfaction Level “or ”Life Expectancy”. Clearly, people’s HPI is related to their consumption of the resources on the earth.You can find out your own HPI by visiting http://www. happy planet /survey.htm.63. The story is mainly about ____________________.A. in which countries people feel the happiest.B.why money can’t you happiness.C.what index can influence people’s happiness.D.the happy planet index published recently64.According to the passage, the index has something to do with_________________.A.wealth, education, resources and heath.B. lives, heath, resources and environmentC.pressure, accommodation, resources and heathD. education, money, environment and resources65. Countries that have low HPI rankings___________________________.A. are only developing countries.B. have far fewer happy peopleC. have a greater impact on environmentD. do not enjoy plenty of resource66. The comparison between Germany and the US shows that______________________.A. some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly.B. it is possible to live happier and longer lives with fewer resources.C. not all the people in developed countries enjoy happy lives.D. history and culture play an important role in people”s lives.六选四Directions:complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in December nineteen forty-one had brought America into the war. And it had severely damaged American military power. But Roosevelt decided not to strike back at Japan immediately. 67 . There were several rea sons for Roosevelt’s decision.First, Germany already controlled much of Europe, as well as much of the Atlantic Ocean. Roosevelt considered this a direct threat. 68 . Second, Germany was an advanced industrial nation. It had many scientists and engineers. Its factories were modern. Roosevelt was concerned that Germany might be able to develop deadly new weapons, such as an atomic bomb, if it was not stopped quickly. Third, Britain historically was one of America’s closest allies. And the Britis h people were united and fighting for their lives against Germany. This was not true in Asia. Japan’s most important opponent was China. But China’s fighting forces were weak and divided, and could not offer strong opposition to the Japanese.Hitler’s dec ision to break his treaty with Josef Stalin and attack the Soviet Union made Roosevelt’s final choice. The American leader recognized that the Germans would have to fight on two fronts: in the west against Britain and in the east against Russia. 69 . So Washington sent most of its troops and supplies to Britain to join the fight against Germany.American military leaders hoped to attack Germany quickly by launching an attack across the English Channel. Stalin also supported this plan. Soviet forces were suffering terrible losses from the Nazi attack and wanted the British and Americans to fight the Germans on the west.However, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and other leaders opposed launching an invasion across the English Channel too quickly. They worried that such an invasion might fail, while the Germans were still so strong. 70 . For this reason, British and American forces decided instead to attack the Italian and German occupation troops in north Africa.概要写作：It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering things” like arithmetic or historical facts, bur also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅到，闻到)something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learn to swing a baseball bat.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but but in some physical objects and puters ,for example,contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”--ready for instant use.An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning about 100,000 words of English. However, this is a but fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.翻译1.我从未想到我校篮球队会在竞赛中败北。
