湖北省第十三届到十七届外语翻译大赛英语专业组初赛试题

湖北省暨武汉地区第十届外语翻译大赛初赛试题英语专业组、英语非专业组( for English majors and non-English majors)I.Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. For 5, please choose the one that has the same meaning as the word in quotes. (9×2%=18%)1.It is no accident that most people find Davis’ book disturbing, for it is___to undermine anumber beliefs they have long___.A.calculated…cherishedB.intended…deniedC.anxious…misunderstoodD.reputed…anticipated2.According to one political theorist, a regime that has as its goal absolute___, without any___ law or principle, has declared war on justice.A.respectability…codification ofB.supremacy…suppression ofC.autonomy…accountability toD.fairness…deviation from3.The reason ___he stole the money is ___he wanted to buy food.A.why…becauseB.that…becauseC.\ …thatD.that…that4.Ben hasn’t eaten.----Don’t worry. ___him a sandwich.A.I will makeB.I am going to make5.The criminal was asked to aid police in their ‘ enquiry’ .A.interviewB. investigationC. questions6.___the U.S. dollar, its value increased by more than 15 percent.A.AboutB. AmongC. AgainstD. On7.Among all societies legal marriage is usually accompanied by some kind of ceremonythat expresses group ____of the union.A.opinionB. coercionC. sanctionD. insistence8.At first, I found her gravity rather intimidating; but, as I saw more of her, I found that___was very near the surface.A.seriousnessB. confidenceC. laughterD. determination9.Just as astrology was for centuries ___faith, countering the strength of establishedchurches, so today believing in astrology is an act of ___ the professional sciences.A.an individual …rebellion byB.an accepted…antagonism towardC. a heretical…support forD.an underground…defiance againstII.(1) Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.(9×2%=18%)Passage 1The surprising thing about the War of Independence when you compare it with other wars of liberation is not that the Americans won, but that they did not win more easily. All they had to do to gain independence was to hold what they had. The British, on the contrary, had to reconquer a vast territory in order to win. To get troops in action against the “ rebels” of 1775---83, the British government had to send them by bulky, slow-moving sailing vessels which never took less than four weeks ( and often ten) to cross the Atlantic. Moreover, those who “came three thousand miles and died, to keep the Past upon its throne” had to be armed, clothed, and even partly fed from England, which meant more shipping , more delays, more losses at sea, such expense as had never been known in English history.1.By using the terms, “War of Independence”and “other wars of liberation”, the authorindicates that heA.wishes that the British had won.B.understands the American point of view.C.is an impartial observer.D.is careful to use the correct terminology.2.The author is assuming that the readerA.has a preconceived bias in favor of the American war effort.B.has a preconceived bias in favor of the British.C.is unbiased in viewing the war.D.is trying to decide which side deserved to win.3.Which of the following sentences, except for a few emotive words, is a statement of fact?A.“ The surprising thing…”B.“ All they had…”C.“ To get troops…”D.none of the above.Passage 2The seas contain very few animals outwardly as unattractive as the oyster. Misshapen, drab, practically motionless, and devoid of expression, the oyster presents little to stir in the imagination or aesthetic sensibilities. Nevertheless, in its prosaic way, the oyster contributes more to the welfare of man than any other invertebrate of the sea, and its geologic history is long and informative. Kilometer after kilometer of oyster banks and reefs fringe the warmer borders of the continents, furnishing food and raw materials for man. The approximate annual world production of oyster meat approaches 54 million kilograms, and in several countries, especially the United States, France, the Netherlands, Japan, and Australia, oyster fishing is an important industry, Oyster shells are dredged by the thousands of tons from shallow banks and used for construction material and other purposes. A number of mollusks popularly called oysters are not really members of the genus Ostrea; among these are “ pearl oysters”, genus Melagrina. More than 1,000 species of oysters, including fossil and living species are known.4.The author’s major objective in this paragraph is to emphasize theA.unattractive appearance of the oyster.B.importance of the oyster to man.C.many different species of oysters.D.Many ways in which oyster shells are used.5.By stating that the pearl oyster is not really a member of the genus Ostrea, the author is tryingto do all of the following exceptA.relate to what the reader already knows.B.dispel a myth.C.show that everything that looks like an oyster isn’t one.D.explain the process of pearl formation.6.The author seems to be most intrigued with the oyster’sA.annual production of food for the world.B.practically motionless position in the sea.C.geologic history.D.contrasting bad looks and extreme importance.Passage 3Rocks which have solidified directly from molten materials are called igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are commonly referred to as primary rocks because they are the original source of material found in sedimentaries and metamorphics. Igneous rocks compose the greater part of the earth’s crest, but they are generally covered at the surface by a relatively thin layer of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) they contain no fossils; (2) they have no regular arrangement of layers; and (3) they are nearly always made up of crystals.Sedimentary rocks are composed largely of minute fragments derived from the disintegration of existing rocks and in some instances from the remains of animals. As sediments are transported, individual fragments are sorted according to size. ①Distinct layers of such sediments as gravels, sand, and clay build up, as they are deposited by water and occasionally wind. These sediments vary ion size with the material and the power of the eroding agent. Sedimentary materials are laid down in layers called strata.When sediments harden into sedimentary rocks, the names applied to them change to indicate the change in physical state. Thus, small stones and gravel cemented together are known as conglomerates; cemented sand becomes sandstone; and hardened clay becomes shale. In addition to these, other sedimentary rocks such as limestone frequently result from the deposition of dissolved material. The ingredient parts are normally precipitated by organic substances, such as shells of clams or hard skeletons of other marine life.Both igneous and sedimentary rocks may be changed by pressure, heat, solution, or cementing action. ②When individual grains from existing rocks tend to deform and interlock, they are called metamorphic rocks. For example, granite, an igneous, may be metamorphosed into a gneiss or a schist. Limestone, a sedimentary rock, when subjected to heat and pressure may become marble, a metamorphic rock. Shale under pressure becomes slate.7.Which of the following is a metamorphic rock?A.GraniteB.ShaleC.LimestoneD.Slate8.If a rock formation is stratified, we may assume that ___A.is the result of volcanic actionB.is crystalline in structureC.was built up over a period of yearsD.is metamorphic9.If a granite quarry, we may expect to find ___A.strataB.limestoneC.gravel bedsD.no trace of fossils(2) Put the two underlined sentences in passage 3 into Chinese: (2×3%=6%)III. There are two versions for each sentence or each group of sentences . Choose the better one and write your answer at the end of this part. （9×2%=18%）1. Hardly a year now passes without Shanghai losing its traditional dominance in another field orproduct.A.上海几乎每年都要失去其在一个领域里或一种产品上的传统优势。

湖北省暨武汉地区第十届外语翻译大赛初赛试题英语专业组、英语非专业组( for English majors and non-English majors)I.Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. For 5, please choose the one that has the same meaning as the word in quotes. (9×2%=18%)1.It is no accident that most people find Davis‟ book disturbing, for it is___to undermine anumber beliefs they have long___.A.calculated…cherishedB.intended…deniedC.anxious…misunderstoodD.reputed…anticipated2.According to one political theorist, a regime that has as its goal absolute___, without any___ law or principle, has declared war on justice.A.respectability…codification ofB.supremacy…suppression ofC.autonomy…accountability toD.fairness…deviation from3.The reason ___he stole the money is ___he wanted to buy food.A.why…becauseB.that…becauseC.\ …thatD.that…that4.Ben hasn‟t eaten.----Don‟t worry. ___him a sandwich.A.I will makeB.I am going to make5.The criminal was asked to aid police in their … enquiry‟ .A.interviewB. investigationC. questions6.___the U.S. dollar, its value increased by more than 15 percent.A.AboutB. AmongC. AgainstD. On7.Among all societies legal marriage is usually accompanied by some kind of ceremonythat expresses group ____of the union.A.opinionB. coercionC. sanctionD. insistence8.At first, I found her gravity rather intimidating; but, as I saw more of her, I found that___was very near the surface.A.seriousnessB. confidenceC. laughterD. determination9.Just as astrology was for centuries ___faith, countering the strength of establishedchurches, so today believing in astrology is an act of ___ the professional sciences.A.an individual …rebellion byB.an accepted…antagonism towardC. a heretical…support forD.an underground…defiance againstII.(1) Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.(9×2%=18%)Passage 1The surprising thing about the War of Independence when you compare it with other wars of liberation is not that the Americans won, but that they did not win more easily. All they had to do to gain independence was to hold what they had. The British, on the contrary, had to reconquer a vast territory in order to win. To get troops in action against the “ rebels” of 1775---83, the British government had to send them by bulky, slow-moving sailing vessels which never took less than four weeks ( and often ten) to cross the Atlantic. Moreover, those who “came three thousand miles and died, to keep the Past upon its throne” had to be armed, clothed, and even partly fed from England, which meant more shipping , more delays, more losses at sea, such expense as had never been known in English history.1.By using the terms, “War of Independence”and “other wars of liberation”, the authorindicates that heA.wishes that the British had won.B.understands the American point of view.C.is an impartial observer.D.is careful to use the correct terminology.2.The author is assuming that the readerA.has a preconceived bias in favor of the American war effort.B.has a preconceived bias in favor of the British.C.is unbiased in viewing the war.D.is trying to decide which side deserved to win.3.Which of the following sentences, except for a few emotive words, is a statement of fact?A.“ The surprising thing…”B.“ All they had…”C.“ To get troops…”D.none of the above.Passage 2The seas contain very few animals outwardly as unattractive as the oyster. Misshapen, drab, practically motionless, and devoid of expression, the oyster presents little to stir in the imagination or aesthetic sensibilities. Nevertheless, in its prosaic way, the oyster contributes more to the welfare of man than any other invertebrate of the sea, and its geologic history is long and informative. Kilometer after kilometer of oyster banks and reefs fringe the warmer borders of the continents, furnishing food and raw materials for man. The approximate annual world production of oyster meat approaches 54 million kilograms, and in several countries, especially the United States, France, the Netherlands, Japan, and Australia, oyster fishing is an important industry, Oyster shells are dredged by the thousands of tons from shallow banks and used for construction material and other purposes. A number of mollusks popularly called oysters are not really members of the genus Ostrea; among these are “ pearl oysters”, genus Melagrina. More than 1,000species of oysters, including fossil and living species are known.4.The author‟s major objective in this paragraph is to emphasize theA.unattractive appearance of the oyster.B.importance of the oyster to man.C.many different species of oysters.D.Many ways in which oyster shells are used.5.By stating that the pearl oyster is not really a member of the genus Ostrea, the author is tryingto do all of the following exceptA.relate to what the reader already knows.B.dispel a myth.C.show that everything that looks like an oyster isn‟t one.D.explain the process of pearl formation.6.The author seems to be most intrigued with the oyster‟sA.annual production of food for the world.B.practically motionless position in the sea.C.geologic history.D.contrasting bad looks and extreme importance.Passage 3Rocks which have solidified directly from molten materials are called igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are commonly referred to as primary rocks because they are the original source of material found in sedimentaries and metamorphics. Igneous rocks compose the greater part of the earth‟s crest, but they are generally covered at the surface by a relatively thin layer of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) they contain no fossils; (2) they have no regular arrangement of layers; and (3) they are nearly always made up of crystals.Sedimentary rocks are composed largely of minute fragments derived from the disintegration of existing rocks and in some instances from the remains of animals. As sediments are transported, individual fragments are sorted according to size. ①Distinct layers of such sediments as gravels, sand, and clay build up, as they are deposited by water and occasionally wind. These sediments vary ion size with the material and the power of the eroding agent. Sedimentary materials are laid down in layers called strata.When sediments harden into sedimentary rocks, the names applied to them change to indicate the change in physical state. Thus, small stones and gravel cemented together are known as conglomerates; cemented sand becomes sandstone; and hardened clay becomes shale. In addition to these, other sedimentary rocks such as limestone frequently result from the deposition of dissolved material. The ingredient parts are normally precipitated by organic substances, such as shells of clams or hard skeletons of other marine life.Both igneous and sedimentary rocks may be changed by pressure, heat, solution, or cementing action. ②When individual grains from existing rocks tend to deform and interlock, they are called metamorphic rocks. For example, granite, an igneous, may be metamorphosed into a gneiss or a schist. Limestone, a sedimentary rock, when subjected to heat and pressure may become marble, a metamorphic rock. Shale under pressure becomes slate.7.Which of the following is a metamorphic rock?A.GraniteB.ShaleC.LimestoneD.Slate8.If a rock formation is stratified, we may assume that ___A.is the result of volcanic actionB.is crystalline in structureC.was built up over a period of yearsD.is metamorphic9.If a granite quarry, we may expect to find ___A.strataB.limestoneC.gravel bedsD.no trace of fossils(2) Put the two underlined sentences in passage 3 into Chinese: (2×3%=6%)III. There are two versions for each sentence or each group of sentences . Choose the better one and write your answer at the end of this part. （9×2%=18%）1. Hardly a year now passes without Shanghai losing its traditional dominance in another field orproduct.A.上海几乎每年都要失去其在一个领域里或一种产品上的传统优势。

第17届湖北省翻译大赛英语专业组初赛笔试题第一篇：第17届湖北省翻译大赛英语专业组初赛笔试题湖北省第十七届外语翻译大赛英语专业笔译组初赛试题01 The house cost him an arm and a leg.(A)这套房子花了他很多钱。

(B)这套房子让他赚了不少钱(C)这套房子差点让他丧命。

(D)这套房子让他的胳膊和腿都受了伤。

To charge someone an arm and a leg，这是指要价太高。

个人觉得本题选A以下试题部分选项省略,保留正确选项。

02）Tom was given the axe.C汤姆被解雇了 03 We live out of cans.我们靠罐头食品过活。

C 04）He went to bed with the chickens.他很早上床睡觉。

D 05）It’s time to put on the feedbag.吃饭时间到啦.C 06）Please give me a bottle of Adam’s ale.请给我一瓶水。

A 07 It’s your baby, not mine.那是你的任务，不是我的。

A 08 Her re-election is in the bag.她在改选中已稳操胜券。

D 9）He is a ball of fire.他精力充沛。

C 10）The story happened before the Flood.故事发生在远古时代。

B 11）I don’t know the ABC of computers.我对电脑一窍不通。

B 12）His parents are going bananas at him.他爸妈快被他气疯了。

A 13）Don’t pass the baby to me.不要把责任推卸给我。

B 14）She employed a tender foot to help her.她请了一个新手帮她。

B 15）玛丽是个马屁精Mary is an apple polisher.B 16）Don’t make yourself in the shit.不要自讨没趣。

湖北省第十三届外语翻译大赛非英语专业组决赛试题I．下面的英语段落后提供的汉语译文有未完成的地方，这些未完成的地方用划线标出，并均提供了三个译文（分别标为A,B,C），请选择你认为最好的译文.（2x10=20%）Be very wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem. ①Both men and women, ②nine times out of ten, are firmly convinced of the superior excellence of their own sex. There is abundant evidence on both sides. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals. ③The question is inherently insoluble, but self-esteem conceals this from most people. We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, ④persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others. Seeing that each nation has its characteristic merits and demerits, ⑤we adjust our standard of values so as to make out that the merits possessed by our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits are comparatively trivial. ⑥Here, again, the rational man will admit that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer. It is more difficult ⑦to deal with the self-esteem of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some non-human mind. The only way I know of dealing with this general human conceit ⑧is to remind ourselves that man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, ⑨and that for aught we know, other parts of the cosmos may contain beings ⑩as superior to ourselves as we are to jelly-fish.对于那些容易助长你狂妄自大的观点尤宜提防。

第一部分说明请选手仔细阅读以下注意事项：1、请在电脑上进行作文提交操作，不支持手机、Pad等移动设备进行操作；2、请不要在同一台电脑的同一浏览器内同时登录多个账号进行作文提交操作！如需多人使用同一台电脑，请在前一个人完成所有操作后，点击“安全退出”退出当前账号并关闭浏览器后，再登录另一账号进行操作；3、比赛期间，参赛选手可多次登录考试系统，无在线时长或登录次数要求；4、建议选手先在记事本（.TXT文件）中编辑作文，注意保存备份，然后复制到答题区进行提交，也可在答题区直接作答并提交；5、点击“预览”后，如有问题，可点击“修改”返回答题区进行修改；若确认无误，可点击“提交”，作文一经提交，只能查看，不可修改；6、因参赛选手较多，如出现系统缓慢的情况，请耐心等待；选手需在2018年2月28日24：00之前完成在线提交（建议参赛选手2月23日前完成考试，以免因网络拥挤造成作文无法提交等情况）。

答题须知：①题目自拟；②不得照抄英语提示语；③文中不得透露任何个人信息（包括姓名、身份证号、参赛资格证号、地区、学校名称等）；④不得出现汉字。

Topic:第二部分题目Direction:Look at the cartoon below and use it to build a story that contains a moral. Mind you, you should not merely describe the picture; instead, you are supposed to create a story using the picture as a prompt. Or you may write an essay of comment based on whatever message you think the picture tries to get across.Write your piece in about 300 words.Answer Area 第三部分答题。

湖北省第十三届外语翻译大赛英语专业组初赛试题I. Choose the one best translation of the Chinese phrases ：（每题2分，计20分）(1) 弱肉强食A. the weak is the meat of the strongB. the weak are the prey of the strongC. the jungle principalD. the weak is the mercy of the strong(2) 如鸟兽散A. flee helter skelterB. as if birds and beasts disappearingC. flying away as birdsD. running away as animals(3) 深文周纳A. well versed in literature and artB. try to help innocent people out of troubleC. to enjoy great learning and popularityD. convict sb by deliberately misinterpreting the law(4) 首鼠两端A. take both for grantedB. catch the first mouse coming alongC. there being two sides to everythingD．shilly-shally(5) 师直为壮A. an army fighting for a just cause has high moraleB. an honest teacher is always eloquent in speechC. a great master is always speak out his mindD. strong physique is associated with moral life(6) 文不加点A. article with no definite argumentB. have a facile penC. without the use of any punctuationD. plain style without and flourish(7) 殊深轸念A. fall a prey toB. be sympathetic aboutC. express deep solicitude forD. become bosom friends(8) 余勇可贾A. valor to encourage othersB. with strength yet to spareC. energy left over for future useD. great deeds for praise(9) 纵横捭阖A. criss-crossing the vast countryB. a wide stretch of beautiful fieldC. maneuver among various political groupingsD. search up and down for a bosom friend(10) 责有莜归A. duty is well placedB. obligation should be observedC. blame goes to its destinyD. responsibility rests where it belongsII. Choose the best version among the four given.（每题2分，计40分）11．她是一个坚强的女人，在体格上、在精神上都是如此，我每天都从她身上吸取精神食粮。

湖北省第十七届外语翻译大赛英语专业笔译组初赛试题正题满分共100分。

加试题满分10分。

如果正题得分达到85分，加试题有效，一、选出最佳译文，每题一分。

共80分。

01）Thehousecosthimanarmandaleg.（A）这套房子花了他很多钱。

（B）这套房子让他赚了不少钱。

（C）这套房子差点让他丧命。

（D）这套房子让他的胳膊和腿都受了伤。

02）TomwasgiventheaRe.（A）汤姆得到一把斧头。

（B）汤姆获得赏识。

（C）汤姆被解雇了。

（D）汤姆挨了狠揍。

03）Weliveoutofcans.（A）只要活着就总有可能。

（B）我们从不吃罐头食品。

（C）我们靠罐头食品过活。

（D）我们生活毫无希望。

04）Hewenttobedwiththechickens.（A）他睡得很迟。

（B）他的作息时间和鸡一样。

（C）他和小鸡一起睡觉。

（D）他很早上床睡觉。

05）It'stimetoputonthefeedbag.（A）上班时间到啦！（B）吃药的时间到了！（C）吃饭时间到啦！（D）睡觉时间到啦！06）PleasegivemeabottleofAdam'sale. （A）请给我一瓶水。

（B）请给我一瓶墨水。

（C）请给我一杯茶。

（D）请给我一瓶酒。

07）It'sRourbabR,notmine.（A）那是你的任务，不是我的。

（B）那是你的责任，而不是我的。

（C）那是你的作品，可别说是我。

（D）那是你的最爱，我可没有份。

08）Herre-electionisinthebag.（A）她正为改选四处拉票。

（B）她在改选中败下阵来。

（C）她在进行暗箱操作，争取再次当选。

（D）她在改选中已稳操胜券。

09）Heisaballoffire.（A）他极富感染力。

（B）他精神萎靡。

（C）他精力充沛。

（D）他乐于助人。

10）ThestorRhappenedbeforetheFlood. （A）故事在洪水之前就已经发生。

湖北省第十七届外语翻译大赛(英语专业笔译组初赛)一01）The house cost him an arm and a leg.这套房子花了他很多钱。

02）Tom was given the axe.汤姆被解雇了03）We live out of cans.我们靠罐头食品过活。

04）He went to bed with the chickens.他很早上床睡觉。

05）It’s time to put on the feedbag.吃饭时间到啦.06）Please give me a bottle of Adam’s ale.请给我一瓶水。

07）It’s your baby, not mine.那是你的任务，不是我的。

08）Her re-election is in the bag.她在改选中已稳操胜券。

09）He is a ball of fire.他精力充沛。

10）The story happened before the Flood.故事发生在远古时代。

11）I don’t know the ABC of computers.我对电脑一窍不通。

12）His parents are going bananas at him.他爸妈快被他气疯了。

13）Don’t pass the baby to me.不要把责任推卸给我。

14）She employed a tender foot to help her.她请了一个新手帮她。

15）玛丽是个马屁精Mary is an apple polisher.16）Don’t make yourself in the shit.不要自讨没趣。

（原意：不要自找麻烦。

）17）Mike is a lady killer.迈克是个师奶杀手。

18）Ok, let’s talk turkey.好吧，让我们开诚布公地谈谈。

19）He led a dog’s life.他过着穷困潦倒的生活。

第十三届全国创新英语大赛初赛考试试题第十三届全国创新英语大赛初赛考试试题第一部分说明注意事项：1、答题前请参赛选手仔细阅读考试注意事项。

2、建议参赛选手先在word文档中编辑作文，并且留好备份，然后拷贝到答题区，进行提交。

3、参赛选手可以先阅读作文题目及要求，在考试结束之前在线提交作文即可（请注意考试结束时间）。

4、作文在"预览提交"后系统会提醒考生进行提交确认，从而进入下一页对文章进行预览，只有当进入下一页点击"确认提交"按钮之后才完成考试。

5、初赛第一阶段考试时间：2013年12月1日09:00——12月20日18:00。

6、初赛第一阶段成绩公布时间：2013年12月26日。

7、初赛第一阶段入围选手报名时间：2013年12月26日——2014年1月15日。

8、完成考试后，作文将只能查看，不可修改。

Topic:第二部分题目Nowadays, there is a tendency for the youth to watch American TV dramas, such as "Prison Break"(《越狱》), “The Big Bang Theory”(《生活大爆炸》)… Some people believe that watching American TV dramas can enhance their language sense. Others think watching American TV dramas has nothing to do with learning. Instead, it's bad for children. What's your opinion?答题说明：1、请务必于本月6日之前将你的作文提纲列出来，交给你班老师审核，运用辅导时所教列提纲技巧。

2、务必于本月9日之前将初稿交至你班老师处，请你班老师帮你修改第一稿，修改完后再撰写第二稿，再交给老师修改，改完后写第三稿，再交给老师看最后定稿。

湖北省第十三届外语翻译大赛非专业英语初赛试题请选出您所认为的最佳译文：每题两分，共50题，满分为100分。

1）The Salvation Army is an international organization for social work and for spreading the teachings of the Christian gospel.A. 拯救部队乃专门从事社会工作、传播基督教福音之世界机构。

B. 救世军是一个国际组织，从事社会工作并传播基督教福音的教义。

C. 救助军是个国际性的机构，组织社会工作，传递福音教义。

D. 救世主的军队不分区域，在全世界范围内都从事社会工作，并传播基督教义。

2）It was founded in 1865 by William Booth.A. 它是由威廉布什创建的，时间为1865年。

B. 1865年，威廉布施创立了该组织。

C. 威廉布什于1865年创立了这个组织。

D. 该组织创建于1865年，其创始人是威廉布施。

3）Headed by a general, it is organized on a military basis and exacts unquestioning obedience from its members, who were a distinctive uniform on public occasions.A. 领导该组织的是一位将军，其组织形式是军事化的，要求其成员无条件服从，在公共场合穿特别的制服。

B. 该组织的成员一律穿统一的制服，特别是在公共场合。

它的组织是军事化的，由一位军事将领担任指挥。

C. 该机构的建制是军事化的，要求每个人绝对的服从，其领导人是一名将军，每个成员在公共场合都穿军服。

D. 有一名军官指挥该组织，管理方式是军事化的，要求每个成员要绝对服从，在公共场合要穿统一的服装。

4）Public worships consist of open-air meetings marked by brass bands and banners.A. 在露天的公共场所进行各种庆典时，旌旗林立，铜号震天。