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英译中翻译技巧一、翻译总的原则1. 表达应建立在理解的基础上。
2．翻译时既要忠实于原文，又要符合汉语的习惯。
3．翻译不可太拘泥于原文的形式。
二、翻译技巧1．词法翻译1.1增词译法为使译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯和在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致起来，使得译文在与原文在内容、形式和精神等三方面都对等起来，需在原文的基础上添加必要的词、词组、分句或完整句。
e.g. 1) They were frank and candid with each other in a relaxed way.译文：他们相互之间开诚布公、直言不讳而且气氛十分轻松。
2)Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed.译文：准备工作完成不了，那可怎么办？3)Our rushing is understandable, but costly.译文：人们的忙碌是可以理解的，但是为此付出的代价却是昂贵的。
试比较：1) 他喜欢指出别人的缺点，但用意是好的。
译文：He likes to point out other people’s shortcomin gs, but he means well.(增加主语)2)屋里准有人，我听见有人声。
译文：There must be someone in the room, for I heard a voice. (增加连接词)说明：增词译法在英译汉中主要是添加原文中虽无形式却意在其中的成分；在汉译英中一般是增添原文中为了语言简洁而被省去的成分如，主语、宾语、物主代词、连接词、介词等1.2减词译法就是把原文中需要的译文中不需要的词、词组等在翻译时加以省略，以适应译文语法和习惯表达法的需要。
e.g. 1)One must make painstaking effort before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language.(省略主语)译文：要掌握一门外语，非下苦功不可。
第一节：词义的选择For example: Last1) He is the last man to come.他是最后来的。
2) I wouldn’t marry you even if you were the last person on earth.即使世上只剩下你一个人，我也不会和你结婚的。
3) He is the last man to do such kind of dirty thing.他决不会做这种肮脏的事。
4) He is the last person for such a job.他最不配/不适合干这活。
For example: story•This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.这场战争行将成为这一代人的最重大的事件。
•It is quite another story now.现在的情况完全不同了。
•Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.有些没让参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了。
•He'll be very happy if that story holds up.如果这一说法当真，那他就太高兴了。
•story•The Rita Haywoth’s story is one of the saddest.丽泰·海华丝的遭遇算最惨的了。
• A young man came to Scotti‘s office with a story.一个年轻人来到斯科特的办公室报案。
1•Last Dec. the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refused to confirm the story.去年12月，《邮报》首先报道侦察工作已在那些城市里进行，但官员们拒绝证实这条消息。
考研翻译基础班讲义课程简介以讲解翻译基础知识为主，基本不涉及考研翻译的真题。
但是，真题很重要，有必要在强化训练中完全掌握真题。
课程大纲第一章考研翻译基础知识一翻译的定义二翻译的标准和翻译的方法三翻译的基本过程四考研翻译的核心解题策略第二章翻译技巧：词法翻译法一词义选择和词义引申二词性转换三增词法四省略法第三章翻译技巧：句法翻译法一名词性从句的翻译二定语从句的翻译三状语从句的翻译四被动结构的翻译第一讲翻译的定义翻译是一门语言的艺术，是语言之间的转换，是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言。
考研翻译简介（一）考研翻译考查内容和形式根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。
要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
”以2007年考研翻译题为例，考生在试卷上阅读的是一篇完整的文章，翻译的是5个划线部分。
如：Part CTranslation:Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 Points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. 46)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. 47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or her career.48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. 49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. 50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system（二）考研翻译的评分标准根据大纲规定，考研翻译的评分标准如下：5个小题，每题2分，共10分。
第三章词法翻译Lexical Translation第一节词义的确定词是任何语言的基本组成单位。
在具体的翻译实践中，如何确定词的意义就显得非常重要。
对很多初学翻译的人来说，他们很容易将词作为翻译的基本单位。
显然这种做法是不可取的，因为一个词在不同的句子中它的词类和词义都有可能发生变化。
我们知道，英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象，所以在弄清原句结构后，译者必须善于选择和确定句中关键词的词义。
在翻译过程中，我们一般都可以在译文语言中找到同原文中某个单词、词组或成语意义上的对等表达。
因此，对等译法(equivalent translation)是翻译中最常用、最重要的翻译方法。
一般而言，英汉两种语言中单词的对等率是最高的，尤其是专有名词或其它表示事物名称的名词。
英语中的一些成语和谚语也可以在汉语中找到其相应的对等表达。
例如：Television 电视small 小and 和，与To burn one’s boat 破釜成舟thousands upon thousands of 成千上万Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
Ill news travels fast. 坏事（恶事）传千里。
There is no smoke without fire.I think our boss is a man who always speaks his mind.但是在相当多的时候，尤其是在翻译句子时，对等译法还不能完全适用，因为单个的词或词组会受整句意思的影响，从而它的词类和词义也可能发生改变，所以这时需要将这些词和词组放在句子中来考虑，才能准确地确定它们的词义。
一、根据词类确定词义选择某个词的词义，首先要判断这个词在原句中所起的作用，应属哪一种词类，然后才确定其确切的词义。
如right一词，它就具有形容词、副词、名词和动词等多种词类，而且在同一词类中，还具有不同的意义。
翻译时首先确定其所属词类，再找一个恰当的词义。
