词法翻译实例
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词法翻译篇练习词法翻译篇第⼀章汉英词汇⽐较与翻译第⼀节翻译中的选义⼀1. 他昨天擦破了⽪,现在到医院换药去了。
He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change dressing[1] in the hospital.2. 佃农家庭的⽣活⾃然是很苦的。
可是由于母亲聪明能⼲,却也舒服。
The life of a tenant farmer’s family was of course hard, but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and able woman.3. 豪华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。
You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture4. 我那新郎官哪!那个死东西!他就是死也不肯仅洞房。
My betrothed! Damn him, he simply refused to come into the bridal chamber!⼆、量词搭配1. ⼀窝蜜蜂 a swarm of bees ⼀窝⼩鸡 a brood of chickens ⼀窝幼⽝ a litter of pups2. ⼀群美⼥ a bevy of beautiful ladies ⼀群猎狗 a pack of hounds⼀群鸭 a team of ducks ⼀群羚⽺ a herd of antelopes3. 积极⽀持 unfailing support 积极的财政政策 proactive fiscal policy积极利⽤国外资源 make effective use of overseas resources4. 打电话 make a phone call 打的 take a taxi 打⽑⾐ knit a woolen sweater打⽔ fetch water 打农药 spray insecticide5. 基本⼯资 basic wage 基本建设 capital construction 基本物质 essential commodity基本⼯业 primary industry 基本利益 fundamental interest三、翻译句⼦(“意见”与“事”)1.两位领导就双边关系及共同关⼼的问题交换了意见。
第二章词法翻译词法翻译即根据“表达通顺”的需要在词类层次进行的各种处理,包括词性(类)转换、增词或减词、重复或省略、正译或反译、抽象化和具体化等等方法,以达到“表达通顺”之目的,此类方法,大多属于“此路不通,另辟蹊径”。
第一节词类转译词类转译又叫词性转换。
翻译过程中,为了句子通顺的需要,有时需改变原文的词性,不必也不可拘泥于原文的词性:即不能追求词性的对等。
一、转译成动词:1.Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.2.The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.3.I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.lions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.5.It was a very informative meeting.6.This pupil is a good writer.7.I am no drinker, nor smoker.8.I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.9.Rockets have found their application for the exploration of the universe.10. Arrogance and complacency turned out to be his ruin.11. The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.12. Ours is a policy for peace.13. Those Mexicans were great workmen. (jinghao: P.107)14. The Bench was nothing to me but an insensible blunderer.15. He is not an originator, but merely a calculator.二、转译成名词:1. Formality has always characterized their relationship.2. To them, he personified the absolute power.3. It was officially announced that Paris is invited to the conference.4. This instrument is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.5. Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth.6. This problem is no more important than that one.7. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.8. Stevenson is eloquent and elegant—but soft.9. Because of Einstei n’s theory, scientists never regarded again regarded the world as they had before.10. The knowledge of how to communicate in an original, amusing, and spontaneous manner todelight the audience may be of importance to a would-be lecturer.三、转译成形容词。
初中汉译英词类转译法的例子一、什么是汉译英词类转译法汉译英词类转译法是在翻译中,将汉语中的词类转换成英语中对应的词类的一种翻译方法。
由于中英两种语言的词类体系存在差异,采用该方法可以更准确地表达原文的意思。
二、例子1:汉语中的名词转译成英语中的动词1.汉语句子:他飞了起来。
英译:He flew up.2.汉语句子:她唱歌跳舞。
英译:She sings and dances.3.汉语句子:他坐了下来。
英译:He sat down.三、例子2:汉语中的动词转译成英语中的名词1.汉语句子:开会的时候,请关掉手机。
英译:Please turn off yourphone during the meeting.2.汉语句子:他在学校读书。
英译:He studies at school.3.汉语句子:请别打扰我。
英译:Please don’t disturb me.四、例子3:汉语中的形容词转译成英语中的副词1.汉语句子:她穿得很漂亮。
英译:She looks very beautiful.2.汉语句子:这件事情做得很好。
英译:This thing is done very well.3.汉语句子:他说得有道理。
英译:He speaks persuasively.五、例子4:汉语中的副词转译成英语中的形容词1.汉语句子:他跑得很快。
英译:He runs very fast.2.汉语句子:她说话听得懂。
英译:Her speech is understandable.3.汉语句子:她笑得很开心。
英译:She laughs happily.六、例子5:汉语中的数词转译成英语中的名词或形容词1.汉语句子:他过了六十岁生日。
英译:He had his 60th birthday.2.汉语句子:我买了十本书。
英译:I bought ten books.3.汉语句子:那个村庄有一千多人。
英译:There are over a thousandpeople in that village.七、例子6:汉语中的量词转译成英语中的of短语1.汉语句子:一杯咖啡英译:a cup of coffee2.汉语句子:一把椅子英译:a chair3.汉语句子:一条狗英译:a dog八、总结汉译英词类转译法是一种有效的翻译方法,特别适用于将中文翻译成英文时,准确表达原文意思。
第五章:词法翻译一、对等译法:单词成语谚语二、词义引申:具体译法抽象译法增词译法省词译法合词译法转性译法词义的褒贬对等译法:✧thousands upon thousands of 成千上万✧Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
✧Ill news travels fast. 恶事传千里。
✧More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。
✧turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻✧burn one’s boats破釜沉舟✧fish in trouble waters 浑水摸鱼✧touch and go 一触即发✧He went through fire and flood to save his mother. 赴汤蹈火,不顾艰险✧By searching his heart he could not but admit that he was in thewrong. 扪心自问✧As things stood(按目前的情况来看), what else could he do butswallow the insult? 忍气吞声✧She always throws her cares to the winds. 把忧愁抛到九霄云外✧颠倒黑白call white black✧视而不见Turn a blind eye to✧引狼入室set the wolf to keep the sheep✧出门一里,不如家里。
East and west, home is best.✧皇天不负苦心人。
Providence does not let down a man who doeshis best.词义引申1.具体译法●大吵大闹raise the roof●有花不完的钱have enough money to burn●家丑a skeleton in the cupboard (closet)●保密keep sth. under one’s hat●There is more to their life than political and social and economicproblem, more than transient everydayness.译文:他们的生活不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题,远不止一时的柴米油盐问题。
第一节:词义的选择For example: Last1) He is the last man to come.他是最后来的。
2) I wouldn’t marry you even if you were the last person on earth.即使世上只剩下你一个人,我也不会和你结婚的。
3) He is the last man to do such kind of dirty thing.他决不会做这种肮脏的事。
4) He is the last person for such a job.他最不配/不适合干这活。
For example: story•This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.这场战争行将成为这一代人的最重大的事件。
•It is quite another story now.现在的情况完全不同了。
•Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.有些没让参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了。
•He'll be very happy if that story holds up.如果这一说法当真,那他就太高兴了。
•story•The Rita Haywoth’s story is one of the saddest.丽泰·海华丝的遭遇算最惨的了。
• A young man came to Scotti‘s office with a story.一个年轻人来到斯科特的办公室报案。
1•Last Dec. the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refused to confirm the story.去年12月,《邮报》首先报道侦察工作已在那些城市里进行,但官员们拒绝证实这条消息。
词法翻译技巧巩固练习:对等译法:一般指在词汇的文化和功能上两种语言所共同认可并使用的。
1.我想借此机会向你们表达我们的感谢。
I wish to express ourgratitude to you through this opportunity.此题所采用的词法翻译技巧是对等译法,只要通过中西方思维的转换,翻译出每个词即可。
2.这座山海拔1000英尺。
The mountain is 1000 feet above the sealevel.此题是典型对等译法,逐字翻译。
3.发展体育运动,增强人民体质。
Promote physical culture andstrengthen the people’s health.本小题采用对等译法并且用and 连接两个小分句。
4.我们工作一不为名二不为利。
We worked neither for fame norfor personal again.(对等译法)5.增强自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识、民主法律意识而后开拓创新意识。
Increase the awareness about self-reliance,competition,efficiency,and democracy and the rule of law, as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.(减词译法)6.这就彻底打破了他华而不实的梦想。
This shatter his illusion.(减词译法)7.我们强烈要求美国政府就这次事件向中国郑重道歉。
Wedemand that US government apologize to China for this incident.(减词译法)8.我们就要有这个雄心壮志。
We must have this ambition.(合并译法)9.这5场演出是场场爆满,座无虚席,许多观众只好立足观看。