段落的写作(1)

公文段落文字格式标准1公文段落文字格式标准是指在编写公文时，对于段落文字的排版和格式要求的规范。

以下是一些常见的公文段落文字格式标准：1. 字体和字号，一般情况下，公文要求使用宋体字体，字号一般为小四号（即12号）。

标题可以使用黑体字体，字号一般为三号（即16号）或四号（即14号）。

2. 行间距和段间距，行间距一般为1.5倍行距，段间距一般为1倍行距。

可以通过调整段前、段后间距来实现。

3. 对齐方式，公文要求使用两端对齐方式，即左右两端对齐，使得段落整齐、美观。

4. 首行缩进，公文中的段落一般都需要进行首行缩进，一般为2个字符的缩进。

5. 标点符号，公文中的标点符号要求使用中文标点，如句号、逗号、叹号等。

英文标点符号只在特定场合使用，如引用外文、缩写等。

6. 标题格式，公文中的标题一般采用居中对齐，字号较大，可以使用黑体字体。

标题一般要求加粗或者使用大号字体以突出重点。

7. 段落格式，公文中的段落一般要求首行缩进，段落之间使用空行分隔，不同段落之间要有明显的分隔线。

8. 缩进和对齐，公文中的段落一般要求左侧对齐，右侧不留空白。

段落之间要有合适的间距，以增加可读性。

9. 标题级别，公文中的标题一般按照层次分级，使用不同的字号和字体来区分。

一级标题一般最大，依次递减。

10. 段落长度，公文中的段落一般要求控制在3-5行之间，避免过长的段落造成阅读困难。

以上是一些常见的公文段落文字格式标准，根据具体的公文要求和规范，可能会有所不同。

在实际写作中，需要根据具体要求进行调整和适应。

英语段落写作范文精选段落写作能力是学生英语综合应用能力的集中体现。

下面是店铺带来的英语段落写作，欢迎阅读!英语段落写作范文精选The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication 首段：(图画描述：现象)Given is a cartoon which illustrates a rather interesting scene: the father, sitting in sofa, asks about his daughter's school life, with an expectation of talking with her; however, to his disappointment, the girl simply responds with a rejection: "You can read all about it on my blog."利弊段：分析网络对人际交流的利弊This cartoon can be naturally associated with impacts of Internet on interpersonal communication.(图画联系主题)On the one hand, Internet brings us great convenience and helps us to remove the obstacles of distance in communication. It is Internet that enables people in different places to keep in touch with each other. Without Internet, it is impossible for them to keep instant contact with others.(利) On the other hand, this phenomenon is particularly worth concern for the background that people, like the daughter in cartoon, may focus too much eyesight on Internet, totally turning a blind eye to face-to-face communication. What worries many experts is that Interpersonal communication may be alienated and indifferent. (弊) 现象总结+建议In contemporary society, it has become a trend for people to communicate via Internet. Meanwhile, an increasing number of individuals deem it convenient, fast and fashionable to chat online. (现象)However, I am convinced that we should educate,advocate and encourage our friends, classmates and acquaintances to spend more time talking or chatting face to face.(建议)Do bear in mind: Internet is merely a tool.英语段落范文写作阅读The chart reveals that people receiving higher education tend to earn more money. Based on the chart, in 2010, the doctors, masters and bachelors were paid a weekly earnings of $1551, $1272 and $1038 respectively. On the contrary, people with less education found it hard to earn satisfactory and we can notice three examples: the weekly earnings of college graduates with no degree, those with high-school diplomas and those with less education are $712, $626 and $444 respectively.英语段落范文写作学习Recently, it has become a trend for many students to complain the canteen service. First, the food sold by the canteen doesn't look fresh or taste good enough. Second, a host of students consider it hard to afford the expensive food. Third, the canteen environment is not as clean and healthy as expected. According to a survey by Students' Union, a majority of students admit that they are unsatisfied with canteen service.英语段落范文写作练习When asked about the ongoing uproar involving U.S. President Bill Clinton , most people say the affair involves a purely private matter . But many other people regard his actions as deplorable . I personally think the president committed impeachable offences当被问及对现在有关美国总统比尔·克林顿的沸沸扬扬的议论有什么看法时，大多数人认为这种暧昧关系纯属私事。

中考作文：仿写段落素材（1-20篇）1、太阳无语，却放射出光辉;高山无语，却体现出巍峨。

蓝天无语，却显露出高远;大地无语，却展示出广博。

鲜花无语，却散发出芬芳;青春无语，却散发出活力。

2、什么样的年龄最理想?鲜花说，开放的年龄千枝竞秀。

什么样的青春最辉煌?太阳说，燃烧的青春一片光芒。

什么样的心灵最明亮?月亮说，纯洁的心灵晶莹透亮。

什么样的人生最美好?海燕说，奋斗的人生快乐无穷。

3、我梦想：来到塞外的大漠，在夕阳的金黄中感受“长河落日圆”的壮丽。

我梦想：来到海边的沙滩，从波涛的澎湃中感受“乱石穿空，惊涛拍岸，卷起千堆雪”的惊心动魄。

我梦想：来到白雪皑皑的高山，在朝阳的艳丽中，领略“红装素裹”的分外妖娆。

4、幸福是“临行密密缝，意恐迟迟归”的牵挂;幸福是“春种一粒粟，秋收千颗子”的收获;幸福是“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”的闲适;幸福是“不畏浮云遮望眼，只缘身在最高层”的追求。

5、书是我的精神食粮，它重塑了我的灵魂。

简爱说过：“我们是平等的，我不是无感情的机器”，我懂得了作为女性的自尊。

白朗宁说过：“拿走爱，世界将变成一座坟墓”，我懂得了为他人奉献爱心是多么重要。

裴多菲说过：“生命诚可贵，爱情价更高。

若为自由故，二者皆可抛”，我懂得了自由的价值。

鲁迅说过：“不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡”，我懂得了反抗精神的可贵。

每读完一本书，我就完成了一次生命的感悟。

6、朋友是什么，朋友是快乐日子里的一把吉它，尽情地为你弹奏生活的愉悦;朋友是忧伤日子里的一股春风，轻轻地为你拂去心中的愁云。

朋友是成功道路上的一位良师，热情地将你引向阳光的地带。

朋友是失败苦闷中的一盏明灯，默默地为你驱赶心灵的阴霾。

7、幸福是贫困中相濡以沫的一块糕饼，幸福是患难中心心相印的一个眼神;幸福是父亲一次粗糙的抚摸，幸福是朋友一个温馨的字条;幸福是母亲一声温柔的叮咛，幸福是老师一次亲切的问候。

8、爱心是冬日里的一片阳光，使饥寒交迫的人分外感到人间的温暖。

怎样写好英语段落（一）段落是文章的缩影。

写好了段落，就能比较成功地写出较好的文章。

经过中学英语基础阶段的学习之后，大学英语的写作重点就从选词造句转移到了联句成段和联段成篇上。

进行段落层次上的写作训练，是写好英语文章的关键一环。

下面介绍的是段落结构。

段落（paragraph ）是由表达单一中心思想（controlling idea or central idea ）的一组句子（包括主题句topic sentence,推展句supporting sentences及结论句concluding sentence）构成，是文章结构的基本独立单位。

本讲我们将就主题句和中心思想这两个方面展开讨论。

主题句与推展句1．主题句主题句（topic sentence）是表达段落主题的句子。

它用以概括段落大意，要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。

请看下例：My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Don'targue with parents; they will think you don't love them. Don't argue with children; they willthink themselves victimized. Don't argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresomemate. Don't argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mother's rules, infact, can be summed up in two words: Don't argue.主题句中提出的"certain rules" 指的是什么？展开句中通过四个"Don't argue --"逐一加以交代。

示范段落1平凡铸就伟大，英雄来自人民。

(观点句)面对突如其来的新冠疫情，我们以人民、生命至上诠释了人间大爱，用众志成城、坚忍不拔书写了抗疫史诗。

(过渡句)在共克时艰的日子里，有逆行出征的豪迈，有顽强不屈的坚守，有患难与共的担当，有英勇无畏的牺牲，有守望相助的感动。

从白衣天使到人民子弟兵，从科研人员到社区工作者，从志愿者到工程建设者，从古稀老人到“90、00后”青年一代，无数人以生命赴使命、用挚爱护苍生，将涓滴之力汇聚成磅礴伟力，构筑起守护生命的铜墙铁壁。

(论证事例)向所有平凡的英雄致敬!我也为伟大的祖国和人民而骄傲，为自强不息的民族精神而自豪!(总结句)观点句---分析句(支撑句)--总结句(回扣句)示范段落2以我之浪花、筑国之巨浪。

需要高扬奋斗的翅膀。

(观点句)如果有满腔爱国热情却不付诸动。

最终只能落为空谈。

只有把爱之情转化为爱国之行，国家才会有发展，民族才能得进步。

(过渡句)屠呦呦多年如一心扑在青蒿素的提取上，最终为我国医学界赢得了荣誉:王继才、王仕花夫妇30多年来始终在开山岛上尽职守卫、维护了国家安全:张渠伟终日奋斗在扶贫脱贫的一线，心系百姓，实地考察，为我国的扶贫工作做出了巨大贡献。

还有守卫边疆的战士们，教书盲人的老师们，救死扶伤的医生们……他们个人都奋斗在自己的岗位上，用自己的汗水铸就民族强盛的基石。

(点面结合论证)做一朵小小的浪花，加入时代的滚滚洪流中，推动人类历史向前发展，我想这是每个中国人的共同信念，也是每个中国人一生中最值得骄傲和自豪的事情。

(总结句)观点句---分析句(支撑句)--总结句(回扣句)示范段落3每一滴汗水闪耀着成功的光芒。

(观点句)每一次努力都是你走向成功的积淀。

(过渡句)正如幼鹰的一次次挥翅腾跃都是见证着一代天空之主的成长，银杉的一圈圈年轮都陈述着一个智者的沧桑经历。

（类比论证）而今我们洒下的每一滴汗水都折射着成功的光芒，是我们付出及回报的勋章。

坚持坚守铁路建设一线，不厌其烦地规划设计居庸关隧道，汗水见证了詹天佑开辟京张铁路的伟业;随时有生命危险，烈日炎炎下奔走于沙漠之中，汗水见证了林义杰战胜了撒哈拉的荣耀:酸痛的双脚一次又一次敲奏琴键，每天十几个小时的超强度练习，汗水见证了刘伟金色唯也纳的喜悦。

CHAPTER 1PARAGRAPH WRITINGIf you look at any printed prose book, you will see that each chapter is divided up into sections, the first line of each being usually indented slightly to the right. These sections are called Paragraphs. Chapters, essays and other prose compositions are broken up into paragraphs, to make the reading of them easier, for the beginning of a new paragraph marks a change of topic, or a step in the development of an argument or of a story. In writing essays or other compositions, it is important to know how to divide them properly into paragraphs; for an essay not so broken up, looks uninteresting and is not easy to read.Definition:- A paragraph is a number of sentences grouped together and relating to one topic; or, a group of related sentences that develop a single point.These definitions show that the paragraphs of a composition are not mere arbitrary divisions. The division of a chapter into paragraphs must be made according to the changes of ideas introduced. There is, therefore, no rule as to the length of paragraphs. They may be short or long according to the necessity of the case. A paragraph may consist of a single sentence, or of many sentences.(Note.-In this respect, the paragraphs of a piece of prose differ from the stanzas or verses of a poem. The stanzas of a poem are usually of the same length and pattern; but paragraphs are long or short according to the amount of matter to be expressed under each head).PRINCIPLES OF PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE1. UNITY:- The first and most important principle to be observed in constructing a paragraph is that of Unity. Just as each sentence deals with one thought, each paragraph must deal with one topic or idea- and with no more than one. In writing an essay, for example, every head, and every sub-head, should have its own paragraph to itself. And every sentence in the paragraph must be closely connected with the main topic of the paragraph. The paragraph and every part of it must be the expression of one theme or topic.(Note:- A good practice is to read a chapter in a book, and give a short heading or title to each paragraph, which will express in a word or brief phrase the subject of the paragraph).The topic, theme or subject of a paragraph is very often expressed in one sentence of the paragraph - generally the first. This sentence is called the topical sentence (because it states the topic), or the key-sentence (because it unlocks or opens the subject to be dealt with in the paragraph).2.ORDER:- The second principle of paragraph construction is Order - that is, logical sequence of thought or development of the subject. Events must be related in the order of their occurrence, and all ideas should be connected with the leading idea and arranged according to their importance or order.(Note:- The two most important sentences in the paragraph are the first and the last. The first, which should as a rule be the topical sentence, should arouse the interest ofthe reader; and the last should satisfy it. The first, or topical, sentence states the topic - a fact, a statement, or a proposition; the last should bring the whole paragraph on this topic to a conclusion, or summing up).3.VARIETY:- A third principle of paragraph construction is Variety; by which is meant that, to avoid monotony, the paragraph of composition should be of different lengths, and not always of the same sentence construction.To sum up:- the essentials of good paragraph construction are - (1) Unity. (2) A good topical sentence. (3) Logical sequence of thought. (4) Variety. (5) A full and rounded final sentence in conclusion.EXAMPLESNow let us examine a few paragraphs by standard authors, in illustration of these principles of paragraph construction.1. “Hence ... it is almost a definition of a gentleman to say he is one who never inflicts pain(强加痛苦给别人). This description is both refined and, as far as it goes, accurate. He is mainly occupied in merely removing the obstacles which hinder the free and unembarrassed action of those about him; and he concurs(同时发生，共同作用) with their movements rather than takes the initiative himself. His benefits may be considered as a parallel to what are called comforts or conveniences in arrangements of a personal nature, like an easy chair or good fire, which do their part in dispelling cold and fatigue, though nature provides both means of rest and animal heat（体温）without them.” - J.E. Newman.This is a paragraph from Cardinal Newman's famous description of a “Gentleman” in his The Idea of a University. Notice that the paragraph is confined to one point in the character of a gentleman, which is clearly stated in the first, or topical sentence, viz.(=namely), that "he is one who never inflicts pain." The rest of the paragraph is simply a development and illustration of the topical sentence. And the concluding sentence drives home the statement of the subject with its similes of the easy chair and the good fire.2. "The Road is one of the great fundamental institutions of mankind. Not only is the Road one of the great human institutions because it is fundamental to social existence, but also because its varied effects appear in every department of the State. It is the Road which determines the sites of many cities and the growth and nourishment of all. It is the Road which controls the development of strategies and fixes the sites of battles. It is the Road that gives framework to all economic development. It is the Road which is the channel of all trades, and, what is more important, of all ideas, In its most humble function it is a necessary guide without which progress from place to place would be a ceaseless experiment; it is a sustenance(食物；营养) without which organized society would be impossible, thus the Road moves and controls all history." - Hilaire Belloc.In this paragraph, the first sentence states the subject. It is the topical sentence. The body of the paragraph consists of examples which prove the statement in the first sentence. The final sentence sums up the whole.3. "Poetry is the language of the imagination and the passions. It relates to whatever gives immediate pleasure or pain to the human mind. It comes home to the bosoms and businesses of men; for nothing but what comes home to them in the most general and intelligible shape can be a subject for poetry. Poetry is the universal language which the heart holds with nature and itself. He who has a contempt for poetry cannot have much respect for himself, or for anything else. Wherever there is a sense of beauty, or power, or harmony, as in the motion of a wave of the sea, in the growth of a flower, there is poetry in its birth." - William Hazlitt.Here again, the first sentence is the topical sentence. The sentences that follow enforce or restate the statement that "poetry is the language of the imagination and the passions"; and the concluding sentence reinforces it by showing that poetry exists wherever men feel a sense of beauty, power or harmony.In all these paragraphs, the principles of Unity and Order are observed, and also the general rules about the place of the topical sentences and the rounding off the whole with a good conclusion.To round off sth with sth’: to end sth by doing sth that provides a clear or satisfactory conclusion to it.THE WRITING OF SINGLE PARAGRAPHSSo far we have been treating of paragraphs which are sections of a more or less lengthy composition, like an essay or the chapter of a book. But students are often asked in examinations to write short separate paragraphs, instead of essays, on subjects of ordinary interest. Such single paragraphs are really miniature essays; but the same principles as we have discussed above (except the principle of variety), must be followed in their construction. Each paragraph must be a unity, treating of one definite subject, and must follow a logical order of thought. In most cases, too, the rules about the topical sentences and the conclusion should be borne in mind.A few examples should make this clear. Suppose, for example, you are asked to write a paragraph on “The Cat.” It is obvious that you cannot treat this subject fully, as you might in a long essay. And yet you must, according to the principle of unity, confine your paragraph to one definite topic. You must, therefore, choose one thing to say about a cat, and stick to it throughout. You might, for example, write of one characteristic of the cat, say, its love of comfort and attachment to its home. In that case, you might write a paragraph something like this:- The CatThere is some truth in the common saying that while dogs become attached to persons, cats are generally attached to places. A dog will follow his master anywhere, but a cat keeps to the house it is used to; and even when the house changes hand, the cat will remain there, so long as it is kindly treated by the new owners. A cat does not seem to be capable of the personal devotion often shown by a dog. It thinks most of its own comfort and its love is only cupboard love.Notice the construction of this paragraph. It begins with the topical sentence, which clearly states the subject. The following sentence explains the statement by expanding it; and the last sentence, by giving a reason for the attachment of a cat to a particular house forms a fitting conclusion. The paragraph is therefore a Unity, treating of one characteristic of cat character: and it follows an orderly plan. The paragraph on the cat is descriptive. Now take an example of a narrative paragraph, in which you are required to tell a story. Suppose the subject is to be a motor-car accident; you might treat it in this way:-A Motor-Car AccidentIt is the mad craze for speed that is responsible for many motor accidents. Only last year I witnessed what might have been a fatal accident on the Kashmir Road. I was motoring down from Srinagar; and as I was nearing Kohala, I came upon the wreckage of two cars on the road. The smash had been caused by a car coming down, which swept round a sharp corner at forty mites an hour and crashed into a car coming up. Happily no one was killed; but several were badly injured, and the two cars were wrecked. To drive at such a speed down a twisting mountain road is simply to court(招致) disaster.In this paragraph, the topical sentence is again first; the narrative that follows is simply an illustration of the statement in the topical sentence that many accidents are caused by a mad craze for speed; and the concluding sentence sums the paragraph up by a restatement of the topical sentence in other words.The following is an example of a reflective paragraph; that is, one that expresses some reflection or thought on an abstract subject:-MercyTo forgive an injury is often considered to be a sign of weakness; it is really a sign of strength. It is easy to allow oneself to be carried away（带走，使着迷）by resentment and hate into an act of vengeance（报仇）; but it takes a strong character to restrain those natural passions. The man who forgives an injury proves himself to be the superior of the man who wronged him, and puts the wrong-doer to shame. Forgiveness may even turn a foe into a friend. So mercy is the noblest form of revenge.The topical sentence of a paragraph is usually the first, or at latest the second; and this is the best place for it. But for the sake of variety it may be placed in a different position. In this paragraph, it comes last - "So mercy is the noblest form of revenge". But the opening sentence is also a good introduction to the subject, and is calculated to arouse interest by stating an apparent paradox.To sum up:- In writing single paragraphs, the principles of Unity and Order must be kept in mind, and also the rules of the topical and concluding sentences. The language should be simple, the style direct, and the sentences short; and, as a paragraph is limited, all diffuseness（冗长累赘）must be avoided.Exercise 1.Write short paragraphs on the following subjects:-1. A Rainy Day.2. A Walk.3. The Cow.17. The Elephant.21. Revenge.。

总分段落摘抄(一)总分段落的定义总分段落是指根据一个总的主题或观点，通过列举归类的方式，进行详细分析和阐述。

总分段落通常由一个总论点（主题句）和若干支持论据组成。

下面是关于总分段落的相关词语、句子和段落摘抄：1. 关于总分段落的词语摘抄•总体来看•概括地说•一方面…另一方面…•分为几个方面•分别是•首先…其次…最后…•一共有几个层面•从几个角度来看•等等2. 关于总分段落的句子摘抄•总体来看，这个问题可以从三个方面来分析。

•概括地说，这个观点有两个主要的支持论据。

•一方面，我们可以从历史的角度来理解这个事件；另一方面，我们还可以从社会的角度进行分析。

•这个话题可以分为几个方面进行讨论，分别是A、B、C。

•首先，我们需要了解背景知识；其次，我们需要分析影响因素；最后，我们可以提出解决方案。

•这个问题可以从经济、政治、文化几个层面来进行讨论。

•从社会学、心理学和经济学的角度来看，这个现象有很多解释。

•等等。

3. 关于总分段落的段落摘抄标题：总分段落的重要性总分段落在文章中起到了至关重要的作用。

通过将一个总论点细分为若干支持论据，我们可以更加全面地分析和阐述一个主题。

总分段落的合理使用，能够使文章的逻辑结构更加清晰，读者也能更好地理解和接受我们的观点。

标题：总分段落的应用举例以“科技对社会的影响”为例，我们可以使用总分段落来展开讨论。

首先，我们可以从经济层面分析科技的影响；其次，我们可以从社会关系的角度来探讨科技带来的变化；最后，我们还可以从个人生活的角度来思考科技对我们的影响。

通过这样的分段方式，我们可以系统地呈现出科技对社会的多方面影响。

总分段落是一种常见的写作组织方式，它能够帮助我们更好地展开论述和分析。

合理运用总分段落，能够使文章结构清晰、内容丰富，使读者更容易理解和接受我们的观点。

标题：总分段落的优势总分段落的使用具有以下几个优势：1.逻辑清晰：通过对主题进行细分，每个支持论据都有明确的逻辑关系，使得读者能够更好地跟随我们的思路。

CHAPTER 1PARAGRAPH WRITINGIf you look at any printed prose book, you will see that each chapter is divided up into sections, the first line of each being usually indented slightly to the right. These sections are called Paragraphs. Chapters, essays and other prose compositions are broken up into paragraphs, to make the reading of them easier, for the beginning of a new paragraph marks a change of topic, or a step in the development of an argument or of a story. In writing essays or other compositions, it is important to know how to divide them properly into paragraphs; for an essay not so broken up, looks uninteresting and is not easy to read.Definition:- A paragraph is a number of sentences grouped together and relating to one topic; or, a group of related sentences that develop a single point.These definitions show that the paragraphs of a composition are not mere arbitrary divisions. The division of a chapter into paragraphs must be made according to the changes of ideas introduced. There is, therefore, no rule as to the length of paragraphs. They may be short or long according to the necessity of the case. A paragraph may consist of a single sentence, or of many sentences.(Note.-In this respect, the paragraphs of a piece of prose differ from the stanzas or verses of a poem. The stanzas of a poem are usually of the same length and pattern; but paragraphs are long or short according to the amount of matter to be expressed under each head).PRINCIPLES OF PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE1. UNITY:- The first and most important principle to be observed in constructing a paragraph is that of Unity. Just as each sentence deals with one thought, each paragraph must deal with one topic or idea- and with no more than one. In writing an essay, for example, every head, and every sub-head, should have its own paragraph to itself. And every sentence in the paragraph must be closely connected with the main topic of the paragraph. The paragraph and every part of it must be the expression of one theme or topic.(Note:- A good practice is to read a chapter in a book, and give a short heading or title to each paragraph, which will express in a word or brief phrase the subject of the paragraph).The topic, theme or subject of a paragraph is very often expressed in one sentence of the paragraph - generally the first. This sentence is called the topical sentence (because it states the topic), or the key-sentence (because it unlocks or opens the subject to be dealt with in the paragraph).2.ORDER:- The second principle of paragraph construction is Order - that is, logical sequence of thought or development of the subject. Events must be related in the order of their occurrence, and all ideas should be connected with the leading idea and arranged according to their importance or order.(Note:- The two most important sentences in the paragraph are the first and the last. The first, which should as a rule be the topical sentence, should arouse the interest ofthe reader; and the last should satisfy it. The first, or topical, sentence states the topic - a fact, a statement, or a proposition; the last should bring the whole paragraph on this topic to a conclusion, or summing up).3.VARIETY:- A third principle of paragraph construction is Variety; by which is meant that, to avoid monotony, the paragraph of composition should be of different lengths, and not always of the same sentence construction.To sum up:- the essentials of good paragraph construction are - (1) Unity. (2) A good topical sentence. (3) Logical sequence of thought. (4) Variety. (5) A full and rounded final sentence in conclusion.EXAMPLESNow let us examine a few paragraphs by standard authors, in illustration of these principles of paragraph construction.1. “Hence ... it is almost a definition of a gentleman to say he is one who never inflicts pain(强加痛苦给别人). This description is both refined and, as far as it goes, accurate. He is mainly occupied in merely removing the obstacles which hinder the free and unembarrassed action of those about him; and he concurs(同时发生，共同作用) with their movements rather than takes the initiative himself. His benefits may be considered as a parallel to what are called comforts or conveniences in arrangements of a personal nature, like an easy chair or good fire, which do their part in dispelling cold and fatigue, though nature provides both means of rest and animal heat（体温）without them.” - J.E. Newman.This is a paragraph from Cardinal Newman's famous description of a “Gentleman” in his The Idea of a University. Notice that the paragraph is confined to one point in the character of a gentleman, which is clearly stated in the first, or topical sentence, viz.(=namely), that "he is one who never inflicts pain." The rest of the paragraph is simply a development and illustration of the topical sentence. And the concluding sentence drives home the statement of the subject with its similes of the easy chair and the good fire.2. "The Road is one of the great fundamental institutions of mankind. Not only is the Road one of the great human institutions because it is fundamental to social existence, but also because its varied effects appear in every department of the State. It is the Road which determines the sites of many cities and the growth and nourishment of all. It is the Road which controls the development of strategies and fixes the sites of battles. It is the Road that gives framework to all economic development. It is the Road which is the channel of all trades, and, what is more important, of all ideas, In its most humble function it is a necessary guide without which progress from place to place would be a ceaseless experiment; it is a sustenance(食物；营养) without which organized society would be impossible, thus the Road moves and controls all history." - Hilaire Belloc.In this paragraph, the first sentence states the subject. It is the topical sentence. The body of the paragraph consists of examples which prove the statement in the first sentence. The final sentence sums up the whole.3. "Poetry is the language of the imagination and the passions. It relates to whatever gives immediate pleasure or pain to the human mind. It comes home to the bosoms and businesses of men; for nothing but what comes home to them in the most general and intelligible shape can be a subject for poetry. Poetry is the universal language which the heart holds with nature and itself. He who has a contempt for poetry cannot have much respect for himself, or for anything else. Wherever there is a sense of beauty, or power, or harmony, as in the motion of a wave of the sea, in the growth of a flower, there is poetry in its birth." - William Hazlitt.Here again, the first sentence is the topical sentence. The sentences that follow enforce or restate the statement that "poetry is the language of the imagination and the passions"; and the concluding sentence reinforces it by showing that poetry exists wherever men feel a sense of beauty, power or harmony.In all these paragraphs, the principles of Unity and Order are observed, and also the general rules about the place of the topical sentences and the rounding off the whole with a good conclusion.To round off sth with sth’: to end sth by doing sth that provides a clear or satisfactory conclusion to it.THE WRITING OF SINGLE PARAGRAPHSSo far we have been treating of paragraphs which are sections of a more or less lengthy composition, like an essay or the chapter of a book. But students are often asked in examinations to write short separate paragraphs, instead of essays, on subjects of ordinary interest. Such single paragraphs are really miniature essays; but the same principles as we have discussed above (except the principle of variety), must be followed in their construction. Each paragraph must be a unity, treating of one definite subject, and must follow a logical order of thought. In most cases, too, the rules about the topical sentences and the conclusion should be borne in mind.A few examples should make this clear. Suppose, for example, you are asked to write a paragraph on “The Cat.” It is obvious that you cannot treat this subject fully, as you might in a long essay. And yet you must, according to the principle of unity, confine your paragraph to one definite topic. You must, therefore, choose one thing to say about a cat, and stick to it throughout. You might, for example, write of one characteristic of the cat, say, its love of comfort and attachment to its home. In that case, you might write a paragraph something like this:- The CatThere is some truth in the common saying that while dogs become attached to persons, cats are generally attached to places. A dog will follow his master anywhere, but a cat keeps to the house it is used to; and even when the house changes hand, the cat will remain there, so long as it is kindly treated by the new owners. A cat does not seem to be capable of the personal devotion often shown by a dog. It thinks most of its own comfort and its love is only cupboard love.Notice the construction of this paragraph. It begins with the topical sentence, which clearly states the subject. The following sentence explains the statement by expanding it; and the last sentence, by giving a reason for the attachment of a cat to a particular house forms a fitting conclusion. The paragraph is therefore a Unity, treating of one characteristic of cat character: and it follows an orderly plan. The paragraph on the cat is descriptive. Now take an example of a narrative paragraph, in which you are required to tell a story. Suppose the subject is to be a motor-car accident; you might treat it in this way:-A Motor-Car AccidentIt is the mad craze for speed that is responsible for many motor accidents. Only last year I witnessed what might have been a fatal accident on the Kashmir Road. I was motoring down from Srinagar; and as I was nearing Kohala, I came upon the wreckage of two cars on the road. The smash had been caused by a car coming down, which swept round a sharp corner at forty mites an hour and crashed into a car coming up. Happily no one was killed; but several were badly injured, and the two cars were wrecked. To drive at such a speed down a twisting mountain road is simply to court(招致) disaster.In this paragraph, the topical sentence is again first; the narrative that follows is simply an illustration of the statement in the topical sentence that many accidents are caused by a mad craze for speed; and the concluding sentence sums the paragraph up by a restatement of the topical sentence in other words.The following is an example of a reflective paragraph; that is, one that expresses some reflection or thought on an abstract subject:-MercyTo forgive an injury is often considered to be a sign of weakness; it is really a sign of strength. It is easy to allow oneself to be carried away（带走，使着迷）by resentment and hate into an act of vengeance（报仇）; but it takes a strong character to restrain those natural passions. The man who forgives an injury proves himself to be the superior of the man who wronged him, and puts the wrong-doer to shame. Forgiveness may even turn a foe into a friend. So mercy is the noblest form of revenge.The topical sentence of a paragraph is usually the first, or at latest the second; and this is the best place for it. But for the sake of variety it may be placed in a different position. In this paragraph, it comes last - "So mercy is the noblest form of revenge". But the opening sentence is also a good introduction to the subject, and is calculated to arouse interest by stating an apparent paradox.To sum up:- In writing single paragraphs, the principles of Unity and Order must be kept in mind, and also the rules of the topical and concluding sentences. The language should be simple, the style direct, and the sentences short; and, as a paragraph is limited, all diffuseness（冗长累赘）must be avoided.Exercise 1.Write short paragraphs on the following subjects:-1. A Rainy Day.2. A Walk.3. The Cow.17. The Elephant.21. Revenge.。

我的母亲开头优美段落1、总有一个人将我们支撑，总有一种爱让我们心痛，这个人就是母亲，这种爱就是母爱。

2、冰心老人说过：世界上若没有女人，这世界至少要失去十分之五的真，十分之六的善，十分之七的美，是的，这世界就是因为有了女人，有了母亲，有了母爱，才如此亮丽灿烂、多姿多彩。

3、母爱，它犹如一盏灯，点燃了就永远不会熄灭，照亮一个又一个孩子内心的黑暗和前进的路途。

4、没错，世界上最甜美的字眼，是母亲；最美好的呼唤是，妈妈；最无私真挚的爱，就是“母爱”。

5、爱，世界上处处有，处处存在，可，又有哪种比得过母爱！母爱是纯洁的，是伟大的，是无私的，是无与伦比的爱。

2、我的母亲结尾优美段落结尾⼀：慈母⼀中线，游⼀⼀上⼀。

临⼀密密缝，意恐迟迟归。

谁⼀⼀草⼀，报得三春晖?”都说世界上有⼀位最善良，最伟⼀的⼀性，她就是我们的母亲，都说⼀世间有⼀种最美丽，最温和的声⼀，那就是母亲对⼀⼀的呼唤，都说这个世界上有⼀个最伟⼀、最⼀私、最勤劳的⼀，她，还是我们的母亲!结尾⼀：天，没有母亲的爱⼀阔；地，没有母亲的爱包容；太阳，没有母亲的爱温暖；云朵，没有母亲的爱洁⼀；花朵，没有母亲的爱灿烂。

母爱是冬天⼀的热茶，母爱是夏天⼀的凉风!值此母亲节之际，祝天下所有的母亲节⼀快乐!结尾三：母亲，她就像⼀本万能的字典。

不论我在何⼀，不论我在何地。

每天晚上都会发来短信⼀励我，安慰我，告诫我，让我做正直⼀，⼀正派事。

我将遵从母亲的告诫，⼀直的⼀下去。

3、我的母亲开头结尾开头：记得小时候，我们的嘴边总哼着一首儿歌－－《世上只有妈妈好》，这首歌里边有句词“有妈的孩子像个宝”，现在的我们都是在亲爱的、伟大的母亲身边长大的，有着母亲无微不至的照顾，母亲呵护我们成长。

结尾：我爱我的母亲，就像我的母亲爱我一样，在这世界上没有谁比我母亲更爱我。

将来等母亲年老的时候，我会像小时候母亲细心照顾我一样，更加细心地照顾我亲爱的母亲。

她是世界上对我最重要的人。

4、回忆我的母亲开头作用《回忆我的母亲》第一段在全文结构上：总结全文，开篇点题，照应标题，引起下文，奠定全文感情基调，是文章的线索，在内容上既交代了文章写作缘由，还揭示了文章中心，第一段内容如下：得到母亲去世的消息，我很悲痛。