语法专攻高考英语一轮精讲精练英语句子结构和成分分析含详解 (1)

2022年高考英语语法精讲与精练（句子成分和基本句型）5.Traditional festivalsenableusto learn fine Chinese values成分：主语谓语宾语宾语补足语句型结构总结：主语＋谓语＋复合宾语（宾语＋补语）小结：从以上的练习中可知英语中的句子成分包括：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语二、句子成分和基本句型精讲（一）、句子成分：1、主语: 说明句子所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。

EG:Lucy likes her new car very much. 露西喜欢她的新车。

【名词作主语】He goes to and from schoolby bike every day.他每天都起得很早。

(代词作主语)To learn English well is a challenge.学好英语是一项挑战性工作。

【不定式短语作主语】2、谓语: 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。

例如：We work hard.我们努力工作。

The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。

He is like his father. 他像他父亲。

注意：介词不能作谓语，必须与be动词连用，构成系表结构，一起作谓语。

谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。

EG:Music is the utmost pleasure in life.音乐是人生最大的快乐。

As I take each bite, the sweet and mild flavour of the red bean filling slowly fills my mouth.3、宾语: 宾语是动作的对象。

由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当，说明主语做“什么”。

EG:Tom bought a story-book.汤姆买了一本故事书。

高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解一、考点分析（考查形式：语法填空，句子翻译，及阅读中对句子的理解）二、专题详解Sentence Structure 句子成分练习①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(一) ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(二) ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤the first①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!①with the family name②given ③third④afraid ⑤downstairs ⑥of theother shoe①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.⑿Alisa is sorry for what she said.①his homework②English③good attention, your pronunciation④new words ⑤to go ⑥he wasill⑦him ⑧the bridge; the museum ⑨it⑩who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾how she can improve her spoken English ⑿what she said①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?①to read②to take ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on ⑥playing①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.①On her face②every night ③when he was eleven④too fast⑤With the medicine boxunder her arm⑥because she loves books⑦if you've lost it,⑧to see the other machine①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?⑥He told us once again that the situation was serious.(八) ①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语⑥us间接宾语；that the situation was serious 直接宾语1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting togetherearly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managedto finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. I have no idea when he was born.14. I don’t know the time when he was born.1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13 同位语14 定语句子，按结构，分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。

高考语法专题：句子成分分析句子成分的分类：从句法功能的角度讲，句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。

主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语（宾补&主补）和同位语。

请看下面句子成分的分析，并注意这些句子成分在句子中的位置。

Mr Smith，an English teacher，told me that he would help me to learn English if he was free this evening.史密斯先生，一位英语老师，告诉我说，如果他今晚有空，他会帮我学习英语。

主要成分分析：Mr Smith，...told...↓↓次要成分分析：Mr Smith，an English teacher，told me that he...↓↓↓help meto learn English if he wasfree this evening.↓↓↓↓ ↓句子成分的用法在了解了句子成分的定义和分类之后，下面结合具体的例子，详细讲解有关句子成分的用法要点。

一、主语——句子的主体主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。

更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。

主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。

链接高考：1.找出下列句子中的主语①(2017·浙江高考)Up till now, 3 boys and 4 girls have joined the team.②(2016·江苏高考)Internet voting is quite popular nowadays.2.从句子成分分析角度完成下面语法填空：①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________is not good for the health.[分析]空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中充当（句子成分），且指代前面整个主句的内容，故应填。

第一章英语句子结构和成分分析时间：2021.03.07 创作：欧阳德英语属于结构性语言。

英语的句子成分要按照特定的顺序（句子结构）来组织。

特定的句子成分要用特定的词性或语法结构来充当，特定的词性或语法结构只能充当特定的成分。

因此，要学好英语，一定要掌握好词性、句子成分和句子结构等内容。

学好这些内容是学习好其他语法知识的基础。

第1讲相关概念考点1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。

如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。

缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb动词vt.transitive verb及物动词vi.intransitive verb不及物动词modal v.modal verb 情态动词aux. v.auxiliary verb助动词adj.adjective形容词adv.adverb副词num.numeral 数词interj.interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article冠词conj conjunction 连词口诀：n.为名，v.为动；adv.副adj.形；prep.借，pron.代；num.数a rt.冠，conj.连interj.感叹考点2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。

实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。

The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。

) He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。

)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。

A.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。

如：The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>B.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。

新高考1卷【紫微精训·语法】1句子的成分及结构习题及答案导语：*【紫微精训·语法】适用新高考1卷的高考阅读提升，及苏教版译林必1-1单元语法提优；*课前增加了自主总结的系动词、双宾动词以及宾补动词，需要特别指出的是bring sth. for sb.意为“把某物带给某人”；bring sth. to sb.意为“向某人提供某物”——这是牛津词典中专条例举的词目；但由于《新概念英语》练习答案的误导，许多师生长期地记取了错误的认识，甚至有的语法书还特条注释说，bring sth. for sb.的用法的错误——他自己才是错的哟；*【紫微精训·语法】的题型练习有两种：一是高考的【短文填空】题型——这是语法的压轴戏，一篇文章10个空7类词，是语法的综合考察；二是重新拾回了之前高考的【单句改错】题型——这是为了凸显语法重点，让重点简单、明了；*本集【短文填空】节选自马克·吐温的经典名著《密西西比河上的生活》。

马克·吐温的语言考究且年代不远，其用语的生动形象和细腻，都对今天的我们有很大的参考价值。

******************************************课前笔记：系动词分全系动词be及半系动词；半系动词持续类: keep, remain, stay, stand, lie（处于…状态）;仿佛类: seem, appear, look感官类: look, feel, smell, sound, taste变化类: become，turn，get, go, come, run(变得)，make(成为/适合+n.)数据类：make(等于)，measure, weigh结果类：prove, turn out双宾动词双宾to人动词（v.+sb.+sth.=v.+sth.+to sb.）: award-owe; bring(提供)；take（带去）; give-offer; hand-pass; lend; mail-post-send; pay-sell; read-write(写信)；return; serve(招待); show; teach-tell(告诉)；throw;双宾for人动词（v.+sb.+sth.=v.+sth.+for sb.）:draw-write(创作)- sing；book-order(订购); buy-bring(带来)-fetch-get；cook-make-prepare; save-spare; set(布置); find;双宾with-to/for动词: present(颁发) sb.with sth = present sth to sb; provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb；双宾of人动词（v.+sb.+sth.=v.+sth.+of sb.）: ask-require-expect(of/from)双宾of事动词（v.+sb.+of sth.）: inform-advice(通知)-notify(notify sb.+of sth.= notify sth. to sb.)双宾to人的述行动词（v.+to sb.+sth.=v.+sth.+to sb.）: explain; suggest; recommend双宾to人of事的述行动词（v.+to sb.+about/of sth.）:complain to sb about/of sth；talk to/with to sb about/of sth；speak to/with to sb about/of sth；chat to/with to sb about sth宾补动词名词补语动词普通名词作补语：think, consider, find, call, set, find——（补语有冠词）专有名词作补语：call, name, elect, choose, appoint，make(任命)——（补语无冠词）非名词补语动词（adj./adv./介词短语/非谓语动词）(含名词作补语)Leave+n.+补（adj./doing/to do）make +n.+补（adj./ 介词短语/doing/ do）keep +n.+补（adj./adv./ 介词短语/doingget+n.+补（adj./ to do/doing/doneset+n.+补（n./adj./adv./ 介词短语/ to dodrive+n.+补（adj./adv./ 介词短语/ to dofind+n.+补（n./adj. /介词短语/ to do/doingpaint+n.+补（adj. / as介词短语want+n.+补（adj. / to do/doingwish+n.+补（n./adj. / adv./介词短语/ to dohave+n.+补（adj. /as介词短语/do/doing/doneburn+n.+补（adj.）feel+n.+补（n./adj. /as介词短语/( sb.) do/(sth.)to do/doing(祈使类)tell/ask/order+sb. + to do------------let/have/make+sb. + do(感官类)hear/see/look at/listen to/feel+sb. + dofor sb. to do类: wait, arrange*****************************************************一、单句改错1.【2007辽宁】Three plates were already on the table when the man closest to me pointing to one plate and asked me the name of the fish on it.2.【2005全国卷I】For the most part，students working to earn money for their own use.3.【2014大纲卷】So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.4.【2008天津】I felt sadly．I learnt a lesson from this experience.5.【2016全国卷I】Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady.6.【2013 四川】I’m sorry that I am abroad and can’t send your flower s, so I'm writing to you.7. Nobody's going to hand to you success on a plate.8. The trainers have a programme to teach their vocational skills9.It was difficult to explain beginners the problem.10.【2008安徽】We thought the biscuits were great．“Let's got some more, ” I said, “They're cheap and they really taste well.”（两处错误）11. In the archives lie the old picture.12. Gone is the days when you could leave your door unlocked at night..13.By having the right equipment at hand will be enormously helpful. （需变两个词）14.We're waiting the rain to stop before we go out.15.I will arrange someone to take you round.16.Others, however, against the death penalty.17.She began to wonder whether she wouldn't go madly with the tedium of the job.18.They plan to get marrying in the summer.19.He decided to turn professionally.20. I don't want to be any misunderstanding.21.He looked at her in a hurt expression.22. Somehow tells these stories without a note of horror.23. Children must do as they told .24.Water is essential to our human beings.25. It is a pleasure for me to write this letter to tell how much I enjoyed my stay with your whole family last week.26.The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. There stands stone sculptures of famous historical figures.27.When I finally arrived at my friend’s, he lent to me lots of clothes.28.I look to remember giving you very precise instructions.29.She saw to be in her late thirties.30. The metal felt smoothly.31. Helping others is a habit，the one you can learn even at an early age.32.The Independent Labour Party founded in Bradford on January 13, 1893.33.【2020全国卷1】The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe（探测器）--- the name was inspired by an ancient Chinesemoon goddess --- touch down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.34.The people of the Philippines have voted to elect new president.35. Manchester College elected him the Principal in 1956.36.They appointed him the captain of the English team.37. It made sense to appoint banker to this job.38. I want it to do as quickly as possible.39. I don't want you to come home so late.40. All men wished him live again.41. I couldn't get him understand.42. Can you get that old car go again?43. I'll never get all this work finish.44. Their kind words made him home.45. Her remarks set me to think.46. They served a wonderful meal for more than fifty delegates.47. He cooked lunch to me.48. Shall I order a taxi to you?49. Save some food to me.50. We can only spare one room to you.51. Her parents expected high standards to her.52. There are plenty of restaurants to choose.53. We chose Paul Stubbs to be the chairperson.54. The company is being actively considered as potential partner.55. He regards himself as patriot.二、短文填空When I was a boy, there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of the Mississippi River. That was, to be a steam-boatman. We had transient ambitions of other sorts, but they were only transient.When a circus came and went, it left us all 1__________(burn) to become clowns; the first negro minstrel show that came to our section left us all suffering to try that kind of life; now and then we had a hope that if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates. These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steam-boatman always remained.2_______(one) a day a cheap, gaudy packet arrived upward from St.Louis, and another downward from Keokuk. Before these events, the day was glorious 3._________ expectancy; after them, the day was a dead and empty thing. Not only the boys, but the whole village, felt this. After all these years I can picture that old time to myself now, just as it was then: the white town drowsing in the sunshine of a summer's morning; the streets empty, or pretty nearly so; one or two clerks sitting in front of the Water Street stores, with their splint-bottomed chairs tilted back against the wall, chins on breasts, hats slouched over their faces, asleep --- with shingle-shavings enough around to show 4.________ broke them down; a sow and a litter of pigs loafing along the sidewalk, doing a good business in watermelon rinds and seeds; two or three lonely little freight piles 5.___________(scatter) about the levee; a pile of skids on the slope of the stone-paved wharf, and the fragrant town drunkard asleep in the shadow of them; two or three wood flats at the head of the wharf, but nobody to listen to the peaceful lapping of the wavelets against them; the great Mississippi, the majestic, the magnificent Mississippi, rolling its mile-wide tide along, shining in the sun; the dense forest away on the other side; the point above the town, and the point below, bounding the river-glimpse and turning it into a sort of sea, and withal a very still and brilliant and lonely one. Presently a film of dark smoke appears above one of those remote points; 6.________( instant) a negro drayman, famous for his quick eye and prodigious voice, lifts up the cry, "S-t-e-a-m-boat a-comin!" and the scene changes! The town drunkard stirs, the clerks wake up, a furious clatter of drays follows, every house and store pours out a human 7.___________(contribute), and all in a twinkling the dead town is alive and moving. Drays, carts, men, boys, all go hurrying from many quarters to a common center, the wharf. Assembled there, the people 8.__________(fast) their eyes upon the coming boat as upon a wonder they are seeing for the first time. And the boat is rather a handsome sight, too. She is long and sharp and trim and pretty; she has two tall, fancy-topped chimneys, with a gilded device of some kind swung between them; a fanciful pilot-house, all glass and gingerbread, perched on top of the texas deck behind them; the paddle-boxes are gorgeous with a picture or with gilded rays above the boat's name; the boiler deck, the hurricane deck, and the texas deck are fenced and ornamented with clean white railings; there is a flag gallantly flying from the jack-staff; the furnace doors are open and the fires glaring bravely; the 9.__________(up) decks are black with passengers; the captain stands by the big bell, calm, imposing, the envy of all; great volumes of the blackest smoke are rolling and tumbling out of the chimneys --- a husbanded grandeur created with 10.___________(bit) pitch pine just before arriving at a town; the crew are grouped on the forecastle; the broad stage is run far out over the port bow, and an envied deckhand stands picturesquely on the end of it with a coil of rope in his hand; the pen steam is is screaming through the gauge-cocks, the captain lifts his hand, a bell ring, the wheels stop; then they turn back, churning the water to foam, and the steamer is at rest. Then such a scramble as there is to get aboard, and to get ashore, and to take in freight and to discharge freight, all at one and the same time; and such a yelling and cursing as the mates facilitate it all with! Ten minutes later the steamer is under way again, with no flag on the jack-staff and no black smoke issuing from the chimneys. After ten more minutes the town is dead again, and the town drunkard asleep by the skids once more.——Life on Mississippi by Mark Twain【紫微精训·语法】1句子的成分及结构答案一、单句改错答案1.【2007辽宁】Three plates were already on the table when the man closest to me pointing to one plate and asked me the name of the fish on it. （pointed）2.【2005全国卷I】For the most part，students working to earn money for their own use. (work)3.【2014大纲卷】So real friendship should ∧able to stand all sorts of tests. (be)4.【2008天津】I felt sadly．I learnt a lesson from this experience. (sad)5.【2016全国卷I】Instead，he hopes that his businesswill grow steady（平稳发展）. (steadily)6.【2013 四川】I’m sorry that I am abroad and can’t send your flowers, so I'm writing to you. (you)7. Nobody's going to hand to you success on a plate.8. The trainers have a programme to teach their vocational skills (them)9.It was difficult to explain∧beginners the problem. (to)10．【2008 安徽】We thought the biscuits were great．“Let's got some more, ” I said, “They're cheap andthey really taste well.”（两处错误）(get) (good)11. In the archives lie the old picture. (lies)12. Gone is the days when you could leave your door unlocked at night.. (are)13.By having the right equipment at hand will be enormously helpful. （需变两个词）(having)14.We're waiting ∧the rain to stop before we go out. (for)15.I will arrange ∧someone to take you round. (for)16.Others, however, ∧against the death penalty. (are)17.She began to wonder whether she wouldn't go madly with the tedium of the job. (mad)18.They plan to get marrying in the summer. (married)19.He decided to turn professionally. (professional)20．I don't want ∧to be any misunderstanding. (there)21.He looked at her in a hurt expression. (with)22. Somehow∧tells these stories without a note of horror. (he/she)23. Children must do as they ∧told . (are)24.Water is essential to our human beings. (us)25. It is a pleasure for me to write this letter to tell∧how much I enjoyed my stay with your whole family last week.(you)26.The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. There stands stone sculptures of famous historical figures.(stand)27.When I finally arrived at my friend’s, he lent to me lots of clothes.28.I look to remember giving you very precise instructions. (seem)29.She saw to be in her late thirties. (appeared)30. The metal felt smoothly. (smooth)31. Helping others is a habit，the one you can learn even at an early age.32.The Independent Labour Party ∧founded in Bradford on January 13, 1893. (was)33.【2020全国卷1】The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe（探测器）--- the name was inspired by an ancient Chinesemoon goddess --- touch down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. (touched)34.The people of the Philippines have voted to elect a new president.35. Manchester College elected him Principal in 1956.36. They appointed him (as) captain of the English team.37. It made sense to appoint a banker to this job.38. I want it (to be) done as quickly as possible.39. I don't want you coming home so late.40. All men wished him alive again.41. I couldn't get him to understand.42. Can you get that old car going again?43. I'll never get all this work finished.44. Their kind words made him at home.45. Her remarks set me thinking.46. They served a wonderful meal to more than fifty delegates.47. He cooked lunch for me.48. Shall I order a taxi for you?49. Save some food for me.50. We can only spare one room for you.51. Her parents expected high standards from/of her.52. There are plenty of restaurants to choose from.53. We chose Paul Stubbs to be chairperson.54. The company is being actively considered as a potential partner.55. He regards himself as a patriot.1. burning2. Once3. with4. what5. scattered6. instantly7. contribution8. fasten9. upper 10. a bit of。

高中英语语法——句子成分与结构（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词前面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。

高考语法专题：句子成分分析句子成分的分类：从句法功能的角度讲，句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。

主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语（宾补&主补）和同位语。

请看下面句子成分的分析，并注意这些句子成分在句子中的位置。

Mr Smith，an English teacher，told me that he would help me to learn English if he was free this evening.史密斯先生，一位英语老师，告诉我说，如果他今晚有空，他会帮我学习英语。

主要成分分析：Mr Smith，...told...↓↓次要成分分析：Mr Smith，an English teacher，told me that he...↓↓↓help meto learn English if he wasfree this evening.↓↓↓↓ ↓句子成分的用法在了解了句子成分的定义和分类之后，下面结合具体的例子，详细讲解有关句子成分的用法要点。

一、主语——句子的主体主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。

更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。

主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。

链接高考：1.找出下列句子中的主语①(2017·浙江高考)Up till now, 3 boys and 4 girls have joined the team.②(2016·江苏高考)Internet voting is quite popular nowadays.2.从句子成分分析角度完成下面语法填空：①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________is not good for the health.[分析]空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中充当（句子成分），且指代前面整个主句的内容，故应填。

简单句的五种基本结构正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。

英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。

英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，也是学好其他语法知识的前提。

英语五种基本句型结构如下：用符号表示为：①ＳＶ（主＋谓）②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）表语（predicative）考点1.基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。

如:It is raining now. (ＳＶ)We’ve worked for 5 hours. (ＳＶ)The meeting lasted half an hour. (ＳＶ)Time flies. (ＳＶ)练习1.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.Dark clo uds hung overhead. ( )2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face.( )3.He is smiling all over his face. ( )4.I did well in English. ( )5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.( )考点2.基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。

She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.练习2.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

语法专攻高考英语一轮精讲精练英语句子结构和成分分析含详解句子结构和成分分析是英语语法中重要的内容，也是高考英语中考查的重点之一、以下是对高考英语句子结构和成分分析的详细解析：1.句子结构句子是语言中最基本的单位，由词组和词汇组成。

句子结构通常由主语、谓语和宾语组成，其中主语和谓语是句子的核心部分。

-主语：句子中执行动作或被动作的人或事物，通常位于句子的前面。

例句：Tom plays football.（汤姆踢足球。

）主语为Tom。

-谓语：句子中表达动作或状态的部分，通常位于主语之后。

例句：Tom plays football.（汤姆踢足球。

）谓语为plays。

-宾语：句子中受到动作影响的人或事物，通常位于谓语之后。

例句：Tom plays football.（汤姆踢足球。

）宾语为football。

2.成分分析成分分析是对句子中词组和词汇的分析，确定每个词组和词汇在句子中的作用。

常见的成分包括名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语等。

-名词：表示人、事物、地点、时间等概念的词语。

例句：I have a book.（我有一本书。

）主语为I，谓语为have，宾语为book。

-动词：表示动作、状态、存在等的词语。

例句：I am studying.（我正在学习。

）主语为I，谓语为am studying。

-形容词：修饰名词或代词的词语。

例句：He is tall.（他很高。

）主语为He，谓语为is，形容词为tall。

-副词：修饰动词、形容词、副词的词语。

例句：She runs fast.（她跑得快。

）主语为She，谓语为runs，副词为fast。

-介词短语：由介词和其后的名词短语组成，表示位置、方向、时间、原因等关系。

例句：I go to school by bus.（我坐公交车去学校。

）主语为I，谓语为go，介词短语为to school by bus。

以上是对高考英语句子结构和成分分析的详细解析，希望能帮助到你。

简单句的五种基本结构正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。

英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。

英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，也是学好其他语法知识的前提。

英语五种基本句型结构如下：用符号表示为：①ＳＶ（主＋谓）②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）表语（predicative）考点1. 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。

如:Itisrainingnow.(ＳＶ)We’veworked for5hours.(ＳＶ) Themeetinglastedhalfanhour.(ＳＶ)Timeflies.(ＳＶ)练习1. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.Darkcloudshungoverhead.()2.Graduallyasmileappearedonherface.()3.Heissmilingalloverhisface.()4.IdidwellinEnglish.()5.Hetalkedloudlyintheclassroomyesterday.()考点2. 基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。

ShelikesEnglish. Weplantedalotoftreesonthefarmye sterday.练习2. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.2.Jimcannotdresshimself.3.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.4.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.5.Hejustwantedtostayathome.6.HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.考点3. 基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给”，pass“递”，bring“带”，show“展示”。