高考英语语法精讲之句子结构分析

简单句的五种基本结构正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。

英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。

英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，也是学好其他语法知识的前提。

英语五种基本句型结构如下：用符号表示为：①ＳＶ（主＋谓）②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）表语（predicative）考点1. 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。

如:Itisrainingnow.(ＳＶ)We’veworked for5hours.(ＳＶ) Themeetinglastedhalfanhour.(ＳＶ)Timeflies.(ＳＶ)练习1. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.Darkcloudshungoverhead.()2.Graduallyasmileappearedonherface.()3.Heissmilingalloverhisface.()4.IdidwellinEnglish.()5.Hetalkedloudlyintheclassroomyesterday.()考点2. 基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。

ShelikesEnglish. Weplantedalotoftreesonthefarmye sterday.练习2. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.2.Jimcannotdresshimself.3.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.4.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.5.Hejustwantedtostayathome.6.HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.考点3. 基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给”，pass“递”，bring“带”，show“展示”。

第一讲英语的句子结构步骤一：句子结构的解析一、句子成分一个句子一般由两部分组成，即主语部分（subject group）和谓语部分（predicate group）。

句子成分（members of the sentence）是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。

句子由各个成分所构成。

1.主语主语（subject）是一个句子的主题（theme），是全句所述说的主体，一般置于句首。

可用于作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。

1）名词作主语 e.g. A tree hasfallen across the road.2) 代词作主语 e.g. You’re not far wrong.3) 数词作主语。

e.g. Three is enough.4）名词化的形容词作主语 e.g. The idle are forced to work.5）副词作主语 e.g. Now is the time.6）名词化得介词作主语 e.g. The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.7) 不定式作主语 e.g. To find your way can be a problem.8）动名词作主语 e.g. Smokingis bad for you.9）名词化的过去分词作主语 e.g. The disabled are to receive more money.10) 介词短语用作主语e.g. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.11) 从句用作主语 e.g. Whenever you are ready will be fine. 12) 句子做主语 e.g. “How do you do” is a greeting.主语可由一个以上的名（代）词等构成，这种主语可叫作并列主语。

e.g. He and I are old friends.英语常用无人称的名词作主语。

第一章英语句子结构和成分分析英语属于结构性语言。

英语的句子成分要按照特定的顺序（句子结构）来组织。

特定的句子成分要用特定的词性或语法结构来充当，特定的词性或语法结构只能充当特定的成分。

因此，要学好英语，一定要掌握好词性、句子成分和句子结构等内容。

学好这些内容是学习好其他语法知识的基础。

第1讲相关概念考点1. 词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。

如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。

缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词口诀：n.为名，v.为动；adv.副adj.形；prep.借，pron.代；num.数a rt.冠，conj.连interj.感叹考点2. 及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。

实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。

The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。

) He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。

)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。

A.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。

如：The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>B.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。

高中英语语法——句子成分与结构（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词前面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。

2023年高中英语语法精讲之主语从句详细讲解主语从句结构及用法在句子中担当主语的从句就叫做主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

通常结构为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分"。

一. 概念：在句子中担当主语的从句就叫做主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

主语从句使用陈述语序，其通常结构为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语+ 其他成分", 但当连接代词同时充当从句主语时，其结构为“连接代词 + 谓语 + 其他成分”。

二. 引导词：1. that引导eg. That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.2. whether引导eg. Whether they would come to conference was a question.3. 连接代词引导: who,whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatevereg. Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet.4. 连接副词引导: therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhileeg. How this happended is not clear to anyone.5. 关系代词型what引导三. 形式主语it:1. 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语。

eg. It is clear enough what he meant.2. 如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构.eg. Is it true that all of us need to to conference?主语从句有哪几类如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句。

高考英语句子结构分析高考英语中，句子结构的正确运用是考生获取高分的关键。

在句子结构的掌握上，考生需要了解不同类型的句子结构以及它们的特点和用法。

本文将针对高考英语句子结构进行详细分析，帮助考生提升句子结构运用的能力。

一、简单句结构简单句是由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子，主要用于表达一个完整的含义。

这种句子结构较为简单，但也需要注意谓语动词的时态、语态和句子的主、谓一致性等要点。

例如：- I go to school every day.（我每天去学校。

）- The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。

）二、并列句结构并列句是由两个或多个主句并列连接而成的句子，主句之间用连词（如and、but、or）连接。

并列句结构可以让句子的表达更加丰富多样，需要考生注意句子之间的逻辑关系。

例如：- I like playing basketball, and my brother likes playing football.（我喜欢打篮球，而我弟弟喜欢踢足球。

）- You can go shopping or stay at home.（你可以去购物，或者待在家里。

）三、复合句结构复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成，从句可以是名词性从句、定语从句或副词性从句。

复合句结构的运用需要注意主从句之间的引导词、时态一致以及句子的逻辑关系。

1. 名词性从句名词性从句在句中充当名词的角色，可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。

常见的名词性从句引导词有that、whether、if、who、what等。

例如：- Whether we should go camping depends on the weather.（我们是否去露营取决于天气。

）- What you said is very interesting.（你说的话很有趣。

）2. 定语从句定语从句用来修饰先行词，通常用关系代词（who、whom、which、that）或关系副词（where、when、why）引导。

高三英语句子结构讲解（彻底搞清句子结构）句子结构1.英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

2.英语五种基本句型结构如下：ＳＶ（主＋谓）ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）定语（attribute）表语（predicative）1). 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。

2). 基本句型二：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语及物动词（词组）宾语”构成。

3). 基本句型三：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给”，pass“递”，bring“带”，show“显示”。

这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。

间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。

一般的顺序为：动词间接宾语直接宾语。

例如：He gave me a cup of tea. (ＳＶｏＯ)强调间接宾语顺序为：动词直接宾语介词（to\for）间接宾语。

例如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词时，只能用：动词代词直接宾语介词间接宾语。

例如：Bring it to me, please. (不能说 Bring me it, please.)常跟双宾语的及物动词有：（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。

（需借助for的） buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。

高中英语句子成分语法分析之表语与同位语表语表语和它前边的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份、类属等。

常见的系动词有下面这些：appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, prove, remain, rest, run, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn表语表示法1) 名词* It is a long wait in the dark. 在黑暗中他们等了很长一段时间。

* That will be a good beginning, I hope. 我希望，这将是一个良好的开端。

* That remains a puzzle to me. 这对我还是个难题。

2) 代词* It's him. 是他。

* Is that book hers? 那本书是她的吗？* I'll be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的。

3) 数词* She is sixteen. 他十六岁。

* She is always the first to get up. 她总是第一个起床。

* He was the second to climb the mountain. 他是登这座山的第2人。

4) 形容词* She's keeping quite well．她身体一直保持得很好。

* The dish smells good. 这盘菜闻起来不错。

* She has gone mad. 她疯了。

5) 现在分词或过去分词作表语* What he said was very encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人心。

* The flowers look charming after the rain. 雨后的鲜花看上去很漂亮。

* It was amazing that the boy was able to solve the problem so quickly. 那男孩能这么快解决这个问题真是令人惊奇。

专题二高中英语语法句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语（供参考）高中英语语法1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。

但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。

同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。

考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）考点1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。

可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1. 名词2. 代词3. 数词4. 不定式5. 动名词6. 主语从句等表示。

7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich）在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。

如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。

On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are)Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps )Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are)练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。

1.During the 1990s, American country musichas become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class aregirls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have English test hasnot been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn’t at home is not true.10.There comes the bus.11.Beyond the village lies a small village.12.Now comes your turn.考点2.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

高考英语句子结构剖析1、Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device for cleaning the window.【句式翻译】注意到司机要很费力的透过覆盖在挡风玻璃上的雪向外看，她不禁想为什么不能有一个内置的设备来清除雪呢。

【句式分析】本句是复合句，that和why在句中引导宾语从句，Noticing , covering和wondering分别作状语、定语和宾补。

【词语点拨】notice ①vt.注意到；看到。

常用于notice sb do sth; notice sb doing sth和notice sth done结构中。

I didn’t notice you wearing a new hat. =I didn’t notice you were wearinga new hat. 我没有注意到你戴了一顶新帽子。

We noticed Jack leave the house an hour ago.我们注意到杰克一小时前离开了这所房子。

No one but Miss Zhou noticed the flowers on the table changed.除周小姐外，没有人注意到桌子上的花被换过。

②n.注意；通知The notice was set above the door, and I didn’t see it.通知贴在门的上方，我没看见。

He is too proud to take notice of others.他很骄傲，不理睬别人。

【语法点拨】1）现在分词doing作定语：在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句。

2022年高考英语语法精讲与精练（句子成分和基本句型）5.Traditional festivalsenableusto learn fine Chinese values成分：主语谓语宾语宾语补足语句型结构总结：主语＋谓语＋复合宾语（宾语＋补语）小结：从以上的练习中可知英语中的句子成分包括：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语二、句子成分和基本句型精讲（一）、句子成分：1、主语: 说明句子所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。

EG:Lucy likes her new car very much. 露西喜欢她的新车。

【名词作主语】He goes to and from schoolby bike every day.他每天都起得很早。

(代词作主语)To learn English well is a challenge.学好英语是一项挑战性工作。

【不定式短语作主语】2、谓语: 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。

例如：We work hard.我们努力工作。

The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。

He is like his father. 他像他父亲。

注意：介词不能作谓语，必须与be动词连用，构成系表结构，一起作谓语。

谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。

EG:Music is the utmost pleasure in life.音乐是人生最大的快乐。

As I take each bite, the sweet and mild flavour of the red bean filling slowly fills my mouth.3、宾语: 宾语是动作的对象。

由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当，说明主语做“什么”。

EG:Tom bought a story-book.汤姆买了一本故事书。

高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解一、考点分析（考查形式：语法填空，句子翻译，及阅读中对句子的理解）二、专题详解Sentence Structure 句子成分练习①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(一) ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(二) ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤the first①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!①with the family name②given ③third④afraid ⑤downstairs ⑥of theother shoe①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.⑿Alisa is sorry for what she said.①his homework②English③good attention, your pronunciation④new words ⑤to go ⑥he wasill⑦him ⑧the bridge; the museum ⑨it⑩who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾how she can improve her spoken English ⑿what she said①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?①to read②to take ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on ⑥playing①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.①On her face②every night ③when he was eleven④too fast⑤With the medicine boxunder her arm⑥because she loves books⑦if you've lost it,⑧to see the other machine①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?⑥He told us once again that the situation was serious.(八) ①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语⑥us间接宾语；that the situation was serious 直接宾语1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting togetherearly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managedto finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. I have no idea when he was born.14. I don’t know the time when he was born.1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13 同位语14 定语句子，按结构，分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。

简单句的五种基本结构正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。

英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。

英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，也是学好其他语法知识的前提。

英语五种基本句型结构如下：用符号表示为：①ＳＶ（主＋谓）②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）表语（predicative）考点1. 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。

如:Itisrainingnow.(ＳＶ)We’veworked for5hours.(ＳＶ) Themeetinglastedhalfanhour.(ＳＶ)Timeflies.(ＳＶ)练习1. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.Darkcloudshungoverhead.()2.Graduallyasmileappearedonherface.()3.Heissmilingalloverhisface.()4.IdidwellinEnglish.()5.Hetalkedloudlyintheclassroomyesterday.()考点2. 基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。

ShelikesEnglish. Weplantedalotoftreesonthefarmye sterday.练习2. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.2.Jimcannotdresshimself.3.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.4.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.5.Hejustwantedtostayathome.6.HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.考点3. 基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给”，pass“递”，bring“带”，show“展示”。