Unit 1 A land of diversity

Unit 1 A land of diversity(Notes to the texts)1 California加利福尼亚。

美国人口最多的州。

位于美国西部太平洋沿岸, 主要城市有洛杉矶、旧金山和圣地亚哥。

终年阳光明媚、气候温和, 是著名的旅游胜地。

2 Native Americans美洲土著人。

他们主要是印第安人。

在西方殖民者15世纪来到之前广泛分布于南北美洲各地。

学者一般认为, 他们的祖先是在上一次冰河期结束之前由亚洲大陆经由白令海峡迁徙来的, 在美洲已生活了一万多年。

3 Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men who came to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 在首批移居加州的西班牙人中, 大部分是来向土著人传授天主教的宗教人士。

Catholic religion天主教。

与东正教、新教并列的基督教三大派别之一, 亦称公教。

4 Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the railway from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. 虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了, 但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。

the Gold Rush Period淘金热时期。

1848年, 在美国加利福尼亚的萨克拉曼多发现大金矿, 形成了著名的加利福尼亚淘金热。

两年内世界黄金产量倍增, 从此圣弗朗西斯科(San Francisco) 被中国移民称为旧金山。

选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity(主题语境——人与社会之多元化的国土)Ⅰ.高难词汇自测——请在认识词义的单词前打上对号□ strait n.□ Arctic adj.□ ministry n.□ rail n. □ percentage n. □ aircraft n.□ nephew n. □ cable n. □ cattle n.□ shave v t.&v i. □ tram n. □ brake n.&v i.&v t.□ bakery n. □ ferry n.&v t. □ fascinating adj.□ seagull n. □ angle n. □ justice n.□ civil adj. □ authority n. □ insert v t.Ⅱ.单词高效记忆——单词分类识记·效果更佳一、写作词汇1.despite prep.尽管；不管2.hardship n.苦难；困苦3.occur v i.发生；出现4.luggage n.行李5.thankful adj.感激的6.customs n.海关；关税7.civil adj.公民的；国内的8.hire v t.&n.租用；雇用9.grasp v t.&n.抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会10.nowhere ad v.无处；到处都无11.thoughtful adj.关切的；体贴的；深思的12.reform v.改革；革新n.改革；改造；改良13.boom n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣v i.处于经济迅速发展时期二、拓展词汇1.distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction n.差别；区分2.immigrant n.(从外国移入的)移民→immigrate v i.移入(外国定居)→immigration n.移民；移居入境3.mean v.意思是；意味着adj.吝啬的；卑鄙的→means n.方法；手段→meaning n.意思；意义→meaningful adj.有意义的4.major adj.主要的v i.主修n.专业→majority n.大多数；大半→minority n.少数5.elect v t.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election n.选举6.race n.种族；竞争→racial adj.人种的；种族的7.cross n.十字；交叉adj.交叉的；生气的v.使交叉；横过→crossing n.横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道→across prep.在……对面8.apply v i.申请→applicant n.申请人→application n.申请书9.indicate v t.指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication n.迹象；标示→indicator n.指示器；指示信号10.apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently ad v.显然地；显而易见地11.conduct v.管理→conductor n.(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥12.slip v i.滑动；滑行；滑跤n.滑动；滑倒→slippery adj.滑的13.punish v t.惩罚；处罚→punishment n.惩罚；处罚14.society n.社会→social adj.社会的→socialist n.社会主义者adj.社会主义者的→socialism n.社会主义『主题词汇积累』子话题1历史变迁①ancestor n.祖先②nation n. 国家；民族③origin n. 起源；起因④defend v. 保护；保卫⑤announce v. 宣告；宣布⑥previous adj. 早先的⑦ancient adj. 古代的⑧population n. 人口⑨symbol n. 象征⑩history n. 历史⑪adapt v. 使适应⑫changeable adj. 多变的⑬race n. 种族⑭policy n. 政策⑮maintain v. 维持⑯religion n. 宗教⑰invade v t. 侵略⑱occupy v t. 攻占；忙于子话题2地点介绍①geography n. 地理②capital n. 首都；省会③convenient adj. 方便的④urban adj. 城市的⑤position n. 位置⑥atmosphere n. 氛围；大气层⑦surround v. 包围⑧cover v. 覆盖⑨remote adj. 偏僻的；偏远的⑩locate v. 找出……位置1.后缀“-or”表示“人”的高频名词①conductor售票员；列车员②administrator 管理者；行2.带后缀-ing的名词集锦①crossing十字路口②training 训练③feeling 感觉3.与“雇用；辞退”有关的词汇①hire n.&v t.雇用②employ v t. 雇用③take on 雇用政人员③director 导演；主管④educator 教育工作者⑤editor 编辑⑥inventor 发明家；发明者⑦operator 操作员；接线员⑧translator 翻译家；译者④wedding 婚礼⑤marketing 促销⑥spending 花销⑦engineering 工程⑧well-being 幸福④fire v t. 解雇；开除⑤dismiss v t. 解雇；开除⑥discharge v t. 辞退⑦lay off 解雇⑧turn away 解雇『单元短语背诵』1.live on继续存在；继续生存2.by means of... 用……办法；借助……3.make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4.keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)5.back to back 背靠背6.team up with 与……合作或一起工作7.mark out 用线画出范围；标出……界线8.take in 包括；吸收9.a great/good many 许多；很多10.apply for 申请；请示得到『主题词块记忆』1.cradle of civilization文明的摇篮2.Chinese civilization 中华文明e to power 上台执政4.crowd into China market 涌入中国市场5.make a fortune 发财6.in the process of... 在……进程中7.under the influence of the trend of globalization 在全球化趋势的影响下8.consider multiculturalism as the most important factor 认为多元化是最重要的因素背原句明句式学仿写1.However，it is likely thatNative Americans wereliving in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。

Unit 1 A land of diversityThe First Period Warming up一．Aims:1. Teaching aimsHelp the students learn more information about America.Important words: ocean, coast, mountain, range, compare2. Ability aimsEnable the students to know more about Ameri ca and can give some cities’ names 二．ContentsStep IAsk the students to talk about the names in groups, and then write down them on the map.Step IICompare answers with other groupsStep IIIGive the correct names to the students.Step IVTell the students some information about America to improve their interest. And ask some students to say what they know about America.Homework To observe an American mapAdd:__________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Teaching reflecting:_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________The Second Period Reading 一．Aims:1.Enable the students to talk about things about the USA.2.Help the students learn the huge diversity of races and cultures in America,especially in California.二．Contents:Step 1 Warming up.1.Ask the students to describe what they learn about the USA.2.Group work: look at the map of the USA with your group. Write on the map thenames of as many of the following as you can. Compare your names with other groups.Step 2 Pre-reading1.Ask the students to tell things about California including its location, size,population, economy, history etc. What do you learn about California?2.Show the students some pictures and encourage students not only to say what eachpicture is about but how each one relates to California.Step 3 Fast reading1.Read through the passage and get the main idea.2.Reading comprehension.Ask the students the following questions:1)When you look at the title, what so you think of ?A land of differences. California is a land of great differences — differences in climate, in landscape and attitude.2) Why is the USA called a melting pot?There are many immigrants to the USA and there are many cultures and nationalities. So it is a place in which people, ideas, etc of different kinds gradually get mixed together.3.Beside each date note down an important event in Californian history.Step 4 Detail readingBeside each cultural group , write the period in which they first came toStep 5 After readingWhy is California in the 21st century such a multicultural community? (Using 3 or 4 sentences to explain. )Step 6 HomeworkFinish “Learning about language” on page 4.Teaching reflecting:_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________The Third Period Language Points 一．Aims:1.Learn expressions and phrases.2.Learn language points.二．Contents:1. means: a method or a way of doing. 方式，方法，手段（但复数同形）Translate:一切可能的办法都试过了。

Unit 1 A land of diversity——多元化的社会重点单词1．means n。

[C］方法；手段(单复数同形)(1）means作为一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。

要注意，means作主语时,前有every，each, one等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数；前有several，some，many, few，all等修饰语时，谓语动词用复数. means n．手段;方法;mean v．意思是；打算by all means当然可以，一定，务必by means of 依靠by no means 绝不,一点也不by this means ＝in this way用这种方法means of travel /transportation交通方式【易错提示】(1)当means作主语且有every, each, one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。

(2)by no means放到句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。

By no means shall I do it.我绝不会干那事。

Every possible means has been tried, but none worked.＝All means have been tried, but none worked.各种办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。

way 多与in连用，构成in..。

waymethod 多与with连用，构成with.。

.methodmeans 多与by连用，构成by。

.。

meansapproach 多与to连用，构成approach to..。

用means，method, way和approach的适当形式填空。

（1)He thought of an efficient________to the study of English idioms.（2）He solved the problem by this________。