虚拟语气4——虚拟语气用在其它状语从句中
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虚拟语气在从句中的用法1.主语从句中的用法(1)在以 it 为形式主语的复合句中,虚拟语气在主语从句中表示建议、要求、命令等,谓语动词用 should be 型或 be 型虚拟式,在美国英语中常用be 型虚拟式。
如:It ’ s natural that she should do so.她这么做是很自然的事。
It is essential that we should tell her the news.我们有必要告诉她这个消息。
It is important that we should make full use of our mineral resources.对我们来说,充分利用我国的矿产资源是重要的。
It is strange that the result of the experiment should be unsatisfactory.奇怪的是实验结果竟然如此令人不满意。
It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight.希望一切在今晚准备好。
It was arranged that Mr Sam should go and help Bettie.他们作了安排,由萨姆先生去帮助贝蒂。
(2) 主句的谓语为某些动词的被动语态,常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled ,proposed, recommended, requested, decided, etc.) that...句型中。
It is suggested that the question should be discussed at the next meeting.有人建议在下次会上讨论这个问题。
It is vital that he should be warned before it is too late.在还不太晚的时候警告他是非常必要的。
考研英语中虚拟语气的4种用法
虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用除了可以表示条件外,还可以表示比拟、结果、目的等。
虚拟语气用于表示条件的状语从句中,一般称为虚拟条件句。
根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句中谓语动词时态的变化可能有三种形式,即现在、过去和将来。
当it作形式主语,后面用形容词作表语,即在it is + adj.这样的句型中,当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable,
critical,crucial,desirable,essential,imperative,important,等形容词时,主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气,如果是现在时,谓语动词用should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略);如果是过去时,那么用should/would + have done的形式。
表示“建议、请求、命令、要求”等主观意向的词(如:suggest、advise、assume、decide、demand、desire、insist、propose、order、remend、require、suggest??),引导宾语从句时需用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气中的格式很固定:谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以略。
名词advice、assumption、decision、demand、desire、insistence、order、proposal、requirement、remendation、suggestion后面假设有同位语从句,从句的谓语动词也应使用虚拟语气的形式。
虚拟语气的使用范围以及表达的几种形式虚拟语气的使用场合与表达形式虚拟语气用在would rather(CET4考过六题),would(just)as soon,would sooner,would prefer(希望)等后接的宾语从句中。
意指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事,其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。
若表示现在或将来要做某事,从句谓语动词需用一般过去时,表示过去已经做的事,从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
(1)The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。
(2)To be frank,I'd rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说,我希望你不要卷入这件事。
(3)You don't have to be in such a hurry.I would rather you went on business first.你没有必要这么着急,我宁愿你先去上班。
(4)I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。
(5)Frankly speaking ,I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地说,我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。
(6)Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early?为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢?注:①若某人愿自己做某事, would rather后用动词原形I would rather stay at home today.② would rather...than...中用动词原形I would rather stay at home than go out today.(7)I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
虚拟语⽓在各种从句中的应⽤虚拟语⽓在各种从句中的应⽤⼀.在主语从句中,⽤来表⽰惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等,其谓语形式是“(should) + 动词原形”,常⽤于下列三种句型中:1. It is necessary (vital,important, natural, strange, wonderful, proper, right, good, wrong, impossible, etc.) + that -clausee.g. It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.2. It is a pity ( a shame, no wonder, your duty, etc.) + that-clause.e.g. It is a great pity that he should be so careless.3. It is suggested (ordered, proposed, requested, etc.) + that-clause.e.g. It is requested that she should sing an English song.在上述句型的主语从句中,should意为“应该”,“竟然”,可以省去,但不可换⽤would, 主句所⽤的时态不限。
⼆.在宾语从句中1. ⽤于wish后的宾语从句中,表⽰未实⾏的活不可能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“可惜”、“......就好了”、“悔不该......”,“但愿......”等。
B.⽤法:a. 与现在相反的愿望:I wish I were ten years younger.I wish I knew how to drive a car.b. 与过去事实相反的愿望:I wish I had gone to the football match last night.I wish you had been here yesterday.c. 与将来可能相反的愿望:I wish the boys would be quiet.He wishes you would go and visit him.注:1. hope + 宾语从句(陈述语⽓),表⽰的是可能实现的愿望,⽐较:I hope it is true. I wish it were true.2. ⽤于command(命令),insist(坚持要),suggest(建议),propose(建议),order(命令)以及request(恳求),desire(希望)等之后的宾语从句中,表⽰“要求、请求、建议、命令等,其谓语形式是:“should + 动词原形”(should 可省,但不可换⽤would)。
英语虚拟语气在从句中的用法及其表达方式摘要虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、建议、猜测、可能或纯粹的空想等。
虚拟语气在英语中有多种表达方式,可以用于不同类型的从句中,如条件从句、名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句等。
本文将介绍虚拟语气在从句中的基本用法和常见句型,并给出相应的例句。
一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件从句是由连词if或其他连词引导的表示条件或假设的从句。
条件从句可以分为四种类型,分别对应不同的虚拟语气形式:类型条件从句主句含义例句真实条件if + 一般现在时一般将来时/情态动词+动词原形表示可能发生或实现的情况If it rains tomorrow, we willstay at home.与现在事实相反if + 一般过去时/过去进行时would/could/might/should+动词原形表示与现在事实相反或不可能实现的假设If I were you, I would studyharder.与过去事实相反if + 过去完成时/过去完成进行时would/could/might/should+have+过去分词表示与过去事实相反或无法改变的假设If he had studied harder, hewould have passed theexam.与将来事实相反if + should/were to+动词原形/一般过去时would/could/might/should+动词原形表示对将来不太可能发生或实现的假设If I should win the lottery, Iwould travel around theworld.二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词功能的从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句中可以使用虚拟语气来表示说话人的愿望、建议、命令、要求等。
1. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法宾语从句是指在复合句中作主要成分动词或介词的宾语的从句。
虚拟语气用法总结虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设,或难以实现的情况,而非客观存在的事实。
学习虚拟语气,我们需要注意以下几个要点:一、虚拟语气在带有条件状语从句的复合句中的构成和用法。
根据不同的时间,主、从句中动词形式如下表:If we left now, we would arrive in good time. 如果我们现在就走的话,我们就会及时到达。
They would have come to your party if they had had time. 如果他们有时间就会参加你的聚会。
If you lived there for a while, you’d change your mind about the place. 如果你在那儿住上一段时间,你就会改变对那地方的看法。
这里我们需要注意以下三点:1. 错综时间条件句有时条件状语从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
如:If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话,身体现在就好了。
2. 虚拟条件句的倒装形式如果虚拟条件从句中有were, had或should时,可以把if省略,而把这几个词放到主语之前,构成倒装句。
如:Were I you, I wouldn’t go there alone. 如果我是你,我不会一个人去那儿的。
Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exam. 如果他学习再努力点的话,他就会通过考试。
Should you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. 如果你被解雇,你的医疗保险和其他权益并不会立即中断。
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
I. 虚拟语气用于状语从句1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句:(1)表示与过去事实相反的假设时从句中谓语用 had+过去分词,主句谓语用would (could, should, might)+have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you would have passed the exam.(If it had rained, we would not have gone out.)(2)表示与现在事实相反的假设时从句中谓语用过去式(be的过去式为were), 主句谓语用would (could, should,might)+动词原形。
If I were you, I should study English.If he had time, he would attend the meeting.(If it rained now, we would not go out.)(3)表示与将来事实相反的假设时与(2)表与现在相反的假设相同,或用were to+动词原形。
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it should stop raining, the crop would be safe.If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.(If it rained tomorrow, we would not go out.)(If it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out.)(If it should rain tomorrow, we wound not go out.)(4)当从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。
虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用
1. 条件状语从句:表示与实际事实相反的情况或假设的条件。
虚拟
语气常常出现在if从句中。
- If I were you, I would apologize.(如果我是你,我会道歉。
)- If I had more money, I would buy a car.(如果我有更多的钱,我会买辆车。
)
2.时间状语从句:表示与实际情况不符的时间假设。
- If it were not for the rain, we would have gone for a walk.(如果不是下雨的话,我们本来会去散步的。
)
3.目的状语从句:表示目的未能实现的假设。
- He studied hard so that he might pass the exam.(他努力学习,以便能够通过考试。
)
4.比较状语从句:表示虚拟的对比情况。
- He runs as if he were flying.(他跑步的样子仿佛在飞行。
)
5.让步状语从句:表示与事实相反的假设情况。
- Even if he were to go, he would be late.(即使他去了,他也
会迟到。
)
需要注意的是,虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用也受到语法规则的限制,如虚拟语气在表示命令、客观事实、无条件真理等的状语从句中通常不使用。
此外,不同语言的虚拟语气的用法可能有所不同。
虚拟语⽓在各种从句中的⽤法虚拟语⽓在宾语从句中的⽤法1、⽤在动词wish之后在动词wish后的宾语从句中,从句动词⽤过去时表⽰与现在事实相反的愿望;从句动词⽤过去完成时表⽰与过去事实相反的愿望;从句中⽤ “would/could+动词原形”则表⽰将来难以实现的愿望。
I wish I knew how to operate the machine.我要是会操作这台机器该多好啊。
We wish you had come to our English evening.我们真希望你来参加了我们的英语晚会。
I wish I would try again.我真希望能再试⼀次。
注意:wish与hope的区别wish后的宾语从句要⽤虚拟语⽓,⽽hope后的宾语从句要⽤陈述语⽓I hope you'll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来。
2、⽤在would rather/would sooner后的宾语从句中would rather和would sooner可以后接⼀个有⾃⼰的主语的宾语从句,从句内容是宁愿他⼈做什么或宁愿某物怎么样。
这种宾语从句中⽤过去时表⽰现在和将来的虚拟内容,⽤过去完成时表⽰过去的虚拟内容。
I wish I had seen you yesterday. 我希望昨天能见到你。
I'd rather you went home now.我倒宁愿你现在回家。
I would rather you came tomorrow.我倒宁愿你明天来。
I would rather you had stayed at home last night.我倒宁愿你昨天晚上呆在家⾥。
3、⽤在表⽰命令、建议等意义的动词后的宾语从句中在表⽰提议、要求、命令、意愿、决定等意义的动词 (如suggest, decide, require, request, demand, propose, insist, order, prefer等)后的宾语从句中,常⽤ "should+动词原形",should常被省略。
虚拟语气4——虚拟语气用在其它状语从句中
IV. 虚拟语气用在其它状语从句中1.虚拟语气用在由as if, as though 引导的方式或让步状语从句中,一般情况下,如果主谓语动词为现在时,从句谓语多用过去时;如果主句谓语为过去时,从句谓语多用过去完成时。
虚拟语气用在even if, even though, whatever引导的状语从句中,从句谓语可参照由if引导的虚拟条件从句的谓语,一般用过去时或过去完成时。
例如This old machine runs as if it were a new one. The old worker works as though he were a young man. Even though she had been here very soon, she would not catch the train. Example: He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ______ all about that. a. know b. knows c. known d. knew I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything. a. knew b. knows c. has known d. had known ______ I used a lot of examples I still could not get my idea across. a. Since b. But that c. Now that d. Even though 2.虚拟语气用在so that, lest (唯恐), in case (万一), unless, in order that(为了,以便), that(为了,以至于), for fear that (生怕,以免), on condition that (如果)等引导的目的,条件状语从句中,从句谓语may 或might+原形动词,也有用should, can, could+原形动词构成的。
例如The teacher explained the law once more in order that we might understand it better. Some people eat so that they may live. Others seem to live in order that they may eat. 一些人吃是为了生存,而另一些人似乎是活着就是为了吃。
I left him a note with my address on for fear that he should not know where to see me. The heroes gave their lives that we might live a happy life. 为了我们过上幸福生活,英雄们献出了自己的生命。
Example: In case I ______, I would try again. a. will fail b. would miss c. should fail d. shall miss You should exercise vigilance _____。