虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中资料

虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法（一）形式注：1．在从句中，be动词多用were的形式。

在口语中，如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话，be动词可用was，但人们总是说：If I were you．．．2．主句中的谓语可以由would，should，could和might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。

3．与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语有三种不同的形式：过去式、were ＋to do或should ＋do。

例句1：If I were you，I would study hard．我要是你的话，我就会好好学习。

（与现在事实相反）例句2：If I had studied hard，I would have passed CET-6 last semester．我要是早就好好学习的话，那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。

（与过去事实相反）例句3：If Iwere to pass CET-6，I would treat you to dinner at KFC．我要是过了六级考试，就请你去吃肯德基。

（与将来事实相反）1/ 9（二）省略／倒装如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be 或have，则可把if省略，把上类动词提到主语之前，使用倒装语序。

例句4：Had it not been for the PLA，we wouldn't have been able to beat the flood．4要不是人民解放军，我们是无法战胜洪水的。

例句5：Were he here now，he would certainly help me．5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。

注4：例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not，如果把该句还原成正常语序，应该是：If it hadn't been for the PLA，we wouldn't have been able to beat the flood．但是一旦句子发生了省略，就必须把hadn't分开，否定词not还原，放在主语之后，不可写成Hadn't it been for的形式。

虚拟语气用于条件状语从句[温故知新]以前我们学过虚拟语气用于条件状语从句，表示对现在和将来情况的假设。

现在我们再来简单复习一下这两种情况并学习对过去情况的假设！对现在情况的假设：表示现在实际上并不存在的情况。

如：If they were here, they would help you.如果他们在这儿，他们会帮你。

对将来情况的假设：表示将来不大可能实现的情况。

[小试] 指出以下句子是对哪种情况的假设。

1. If you should succeed, everything would be all right.2. If you succeeded, everything would be all right.3. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.Key: 1. 对将来情况的假设2. 对现在或将来情况的假设3. 对将来情况的假设请观察下面三个句子，注意主句和从句中谓语动词的使用。

1. In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he would have had no chance of getting a degree.过去，像我这样不能够通过高考而进入大学的人是没有时机拿到学位的。

2. In the past, if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years, they would have stayed there until retirement!过去，如果一个人在一家公司工作了二十多年，他就会留在那家公司直到退休。

3. If the trees and flowers had been watered more, they would have grown even better. 如果给这些树木和花草多浇一些水的话，它们会长得更好。

虚拟语气用于条件状语从句：1.与过去事实做相反：If…+had+done…would(should.could.might.that)2.与现在事实相反：If+did(be-were),,,,,would(同上)+do.3.与将来事实相反：If+did(be-would),,,were do,,,shoulddo,,,,would+do(同上)虚拟语气用在宾语从句：在表示，要求，命令类的动词后面的宾语从句中用（should）+do.如：advise,suggest,propose,request,insist.suggest作暗示表明时，insist作“坚决认为”时不用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气用于主语从句：1.It is necessary(important,natural,strange,essential,etc)that sb (should)+do2.It is /was suggested(desired,ordered,proposed,advised)that sb(should)+do3.It is time sb+did.做，，，时候了。

4.虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句中（要是，，，就好了）1.must+have+过去分词（用于肯定句）一定已经…….2.can’t (couldn’t)+have +过去分词（用于否定或疑问句）不可能….3.should/ought to+have+过去分词。

本来不应该（却做了）…4.needn’t+have+过去分词（本不必做）1.主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。

例如：There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。

虚拟语气的用法归纳关键信息项：1、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法3、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法4、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法5、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法6、虚拟语气在状语从句中的其他用法7、虚拟语气在一些特殊句型中的用法11 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法111 与现在事实相反若表示与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be 动词通常用were），主句谓语用“should ／ would ／ could ／ might ＋动词原形”。

例如：If I were you, I would take his advice （如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。

）112 与过去事实相反若表示与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成式（had ＋过去分词），主句谓语用“should ／ would ／ could ／ might ＋ have ＋过去分词”。

比如：If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus （如果你早点来，你就赶上公交车了。

）113 与将来事实相反若表示与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语有三种形式：过去式（be 动词通常用 were）should ＋动词原形were to ＋动词原形主句谓语用“should ／ would ／ could ／ might ＋动词原形”。

例如：If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home （如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。

）12 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法121 wish 后的宾语从句wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。

与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，用“would ／ could ＋动词原形”。

例如：I wish I were as tall as you （我希望和你一样高。

虚拟语气语法归纳虚拟语气语法归纳四川省大竹中学孙天令纵观近几年的高考，虚拟语气正逐渐成为高考的热点。

结合自己高三的教学经验，我把虚拟语气分为“三部曲”，与大家一起探讨一下虚拟语气的“考点”，以对症下药，攻克难点。

（一）、一部曲：“规则篇”1、用于条件状语从句（从句用时态提前的方式即倒推一个时态表达）条件句中的虚拟语气根据时间的不同分为三种不同的形式。

（1）一般条件句小，could表“能力”）1）针对现在情况的虚拟：If he were free，he would help us .要是他有空的话,他会帮助我们的。

If he studied at this school，he would know you well . 如果他在这所学校学习的话,他会对你很了解.2) 针对过去情况的虚拟: If you had come a few minutes earlier , you would have met him,要是你早来几分钟的话,你就见到他了.If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过那场电影,我会把电影内容告诉你.3) 针对将来情况的虚拟: If It were Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friend. 明天要是星期天,我会去看望我的朋友. If It should rain, the crops could be saved.万一要是下一场雨的话,庄稼或许还有救.(天不大可能下雨) If he were to come here, he would tellus about it.如果他要来的话,他会通知我们一声.（2）混合虚拟条件句（从句与主句时间不一致）当虚拟条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时，从句和主句的动词就要根据各自的具体时间来使用所需的形式。

虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。

一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中从句主句与现实事实相反一般过去式（be--were）Should/would/could/might + V原与过去事实相反Had + done Should/would/could/might +have done与将来事实相反过去式；should+V 原；were to + V原Should/would/could/might + V原1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.例句：If there were no subjunctive mood, English ( ) much easier to learn. （B）A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。