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Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsⅠ阅读理解ANo human has set foot on the Moon since 1972. Now，after morethan four decades of inactivity，interest in putting humans backon the Moon is finally heating up again. But who will get therefirst?CHINAOn 14 December 2013，China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探测车)on the Moon. It is now working on its next exploration mission. Named Chang’e 4，the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018. If successful，it will be the first landing on the Moon’s far side.RUSSIARussia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030. It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)．INDIAFollowing the success of its Chandrayaan1 in 2008，India announced a follow on mission. Chandrayaan2 was meant to cooperate with Russia. But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013，India decided to go it alone. Chandrayaan2 is about to be sent up in 2018.U．S.A.In December 2018，NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1，an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to Earth. All being well，a crewed capsule will follow in 2023. Should the mission prove a success，the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsⅠ.阅读理解ANASA's New Horizons probe (宇宙探测器) flew by Pluto (冥王星) this morning, sending back history's first up－close looks at the vast freezing－cold world. Closest approach came at 7：49 am EDT. To celebrate, NASA gave out the latest photo of Pluto. It showed a reddish world with an amazing heart－shaped feature on its surface.After today's close encounter, all the nine solar system's traditionally recognized planets have now been visited by a spaceship—a huge project begun in 1962 when NASA's Mariner 2 probe flew past Venus, a planet in the solar system. More than 1,200 scientists, NASA guests and important persons, including 200 reporters, watched the flyby live at New Horizons' mission control center.That close encounter has been a long time coming. The $723 million New Horizons mission launched in January 2006 but began taking shape in 1989. “New Horizons is ‘a capstone mission’，” Glen Fountain, mission project manager told Space. com. “It is the first completi on of the observations of our solar system. It is giving us a new idea about how we human beings fit into the universe.”“New Horizons faced a crazy number of challenges，” Stern, a driving force behind New Horizons said, “So many people stuck with this for so long. They got knocked down; they stood up. They got knocked down again; they stood up again.”In a coincidence, today's close approach falls on the 50th anniversary of the first flyby of Mars, another planet, which was completed by NASA's Mariner 4 spaceship.There are no longer nine officially recognized planets, of course. The International Astronomical Union regarded Pluto as “a dwarf planet” in 2006, in a decision that remains controversial (有争议的) today.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道类文章，主要讲述了科学家对太阳系行星冥王星的最新探测成果。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsⅠ.单句语法填空1．Pakistan came into ____________(exist) as an independent country after the war. 答案：existence2．She strongly objected to my mother’ s marriage.Surprisingly, my mother’s reaction ____________ it was rather calm.答案：to3．The officer demanded that such things ____________(prevent) from happening again. 答案：(should) be prevented4．An American plane is reported ____________(crash) in the Atlantic Ocean with 228 people aboard, the airline’s worst disaster in its 75year history.答案：to have crashed5．The two girls are so alike that strangers find ____________ difficult to tell one from the other.答案：it6．What makes me ____________(puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.答案：puzzled7．____________ was needed at that time, she told me, was some good luck.答案：What8．During those four years, he worked day and night, thus ____________(improve) his theory gradually until it was completed.答案：improving9．There were many fish ____________(float) in the river because of the serious pollution.答案：floating10．The meeting was held in a lively atmosphere ____________ everybody felt free to share his ideas.答案：whereⅡ.阅读理解A(2016·山东潍坊一模)Can you imagine a world with out chocolate? It’s not something I’d like to do. So I was relieved to read that there’s a university with a programme to safeguard the future of chocolate!The University of Reading, in England, has just opened a new clearing house for all the world’s ne w cocoa varieties. They must be quarantined(进行检疫) before they can be grown. Why? Cocoa production hit a record high of 4.4 million tons last yearbut about 30% of the precious crop is regularly lost to pests and diseases. Now we don’t want that, do we?Demand for chocolate has been increasing faster than the world supply of cocoa and researchers think that new varieties are key to solving this problem.The University of Reading has been protecting the quality of the new crop since 1985, after it took over the task from the Royal Botanical Gardens in Kew, London. And it has improved its facilities. The leader of the institution’s cocoa project, Professor Paul Hadley, says, “One of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean, healthy, interesting cocoa material.”The cocoa centre has a collection of 400 plant varieties and their greenhouse uses a lot of energy to keep them in tropical conditions. After up to two years in quarantine, clean and safe seeds are sent to some 20 countries, including several in West Africa. That’s where 75% of the cocoa used for chocolate worldwide comes from. The crop is extremely important for the local economy: it employs about two million people.Professor Paul Hadley says he works with a small team of skilled technicians who look after the collection. And more of us seem to count on them now.The scientist says, “There is some concern within the industry that demand is increasing constantly, particularly in countries like China, where the standard of living is increasing and people are getting a taste for different chocolates.” 【解题导语】本文主要介绍了英国一项保护可可种子的项目。
Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·衡水中学高三一调)International Studies(BA理学士)Key features●Recognizes the “global community”●Has close connections with practical research●Much of the teaching is done in small discussion groupsAbout the courseThe course focuses on the complex relations between nation states.It will provide more opportunity to study specific issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union，third world debt，local and international disagreement，and the work of international bodies such as the United Nations，the European Union，NATO，and the World Bank.The course applies theories to the working of the international system with close attention to particular countries.It provides students with a better knowledge of ways to solve international problems.Related coursesBA (Hons) Community ManagementBA (Hons) Public Policy and ManagementEmployment possibilitiesInternational organizationsInternational businessEarth Science(BSc文学士)Key features●Based on key courses and the latest research findings●Pays much attention to practical skills●Offers chances for fieldworkAbout the courseThe demand and competition for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem for the future of mankind.Graduates in Earth Science will play an important role in meeting this demand，and in how these natural resources will be used.The course covers geography and geology (地质学)．You will carry out fieldwork in the UK and possibly abroad，and in your final year complete a research project in an area of interest to you.Related coursesBSc (Hons) GeographyBSc (Hons) GeologyEmployment possibilitiesMineral，oil，water or other related engineering industries【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。
【优化方案】2015届高考英语一轮复习第一部分基础考点聚焦Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars单元检测同步探源新人教版必修3Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2014·成都高中毕业班第一次诊断)Young children are trusting of commercial advertisements in the media，and advertisers have sometimes been accused of taking advantage of this trusting outlook.The Independent Television Commission，regulator of television advertising，has criticized advertisers for “misl eadingness” in an effort to control advertisers’ use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size，action，performance，or construction of a toy.Fantasy is one of the common techniques in advertising that could mislead young audi ence.In children’s advertising，advertisers are more likely to include fantasy than advertisements aimed at adults.In a content analysis of Canadian television，the author Stephen Kline observed that nearly all commercials for character toys featured fantasy play.Children have strong imaginations and the use of fantasy brings their ideas to life，but children may not be adept enough to realize that what they are viewing is unreal.Fantasy situations are frequently used to attract children’s attention，particularly in food advertising.Advertisements for breakfast have been found to be especially fond of fantasy techniques.Generally，there is uncertainty as to whether very young children can distinguish between fantasy and reality in advertising.The use of pop stars such as singers and movie stars is common in advertising.The intention is for the positive qualities of pop stars to be transferred to the advertised product and for the two to become linked in audience’s mind.In children’s advertising，the pop stars are often vivid figures from popular cartoons.In recent years，the role of pop stars in advertising to children has often been combined with the concept of host selling.Host selling involves advertisements with regular programming in a way that makes it difficult to distinguish one from the other.Host selling occurs，for example，when a children’s show about a cartoon lion contains an advertisement in which the same lion promotes a breakfast.The psychologist Dale Kunkel shows that the practice of host selling has reduced children’s ability to distinguish between advertising and the program material.Meanwhile，he also shows some other tricky advertisements.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsⅠ.单句语法填空1．I am puzzled(puzzle)by his failure to reply that he hasn't replied to my letter.2．It was said that this was the only copy of the book in existence(exist)．3．As we all know，a bad eating habit is harmful(harm) to one's health.4．Unlike(like)what he said，he didn't carry out his promise.5．As the old saying goes，it is easier to_pull(pull) down than to build up.6．Give Mary a call；she needs cheering up.7．I was warned to watch out for the terrifying dog.8．Last night a fire broke out in the hotel across the street.9．Last night，Mrs.Green had a heart attack.But luckily，the doctor came in time to save her life.10．Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week in its turn.Ⅱ.完成句子1．如今，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。
These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing_serious_harm_to_life_and_the_environment.2．很久以前地球上存在着体形庞大的动物。
Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of stars(60分钟83分)Part A一、阅读理解(共9小题;每小题2分,满分18分)A(2015·湖南高考)1.Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that .A.drivers should be polite to cyclistsB.road accidents can actually be avoidedC.some pedestrians are a threat to road safetyD.walking while using phones hurts one’s eyes2.Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should .A.be provided with enough roadsB.be asked to ride on their own lanesC.be made to pay less tax for cyclingD.be fined for laughing at policemen3.What is a complaint of JML?A.Very few drivers are insured.B.Cyclists ride fast on pavements.C.Pedestrians go through red traffic lights.D.Horse riders disrespect other road users.4.The underlined word “they” in the third letter refers to .A.accidentsB.vehiclesC.pedestriansD.cyclists5.The three letters present viewpoints on .A.real sources of road dangersB.ways to improve road facilitiesC.measures to punish road offencesD.increased awareness of road rules【文章大意】随着交通的发达,越来越多的车辆给行人和骑车者带来安全隐患,与此同时,行人和骑车人的一些不良行为也是造成交通事故的潜在原因。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsⅠ.单句语法填空1．Pakistan came into ____________(exist) as an independent country after the war. 答案：existence2．She strongly objected to my mother’ s marriage.Surprisingly, my mother’s reaction ____________ it was rather calm.答案：to3．The officer demanded that such things ____________(prevent) from happening again. 答案：(should) be prevented4．An American plane is reported ____________(crash) in the Atlantic Ocean with 228 people aboard, the airline’s worst disaster in its 75year history.答案：to have crashed5．The two girls are so alike that strangers find ____________ difficult to tell one from the other.答案：it6．What makes me ____________(puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.答案：puzzled7．____________ was needed at that time, she told me, was some good luck.答案：What8．During those four years, he worked day and night, thus ____________(improve) his theory gradually until it was completed.答案：improving9．There were many fish ____________(float) in the river because of the serious pollution.答案：floating10．The meeting was held in a lively atmosphere ____________ everybody felt free to share his ideas.答案：whereⅡ.阅读理解A(2016·山东潍坊一模)Can you imagine a world with out chocolate? It’s not something I’d like to do. So I was relieved to read that there’s a university with a programme to safeguard the future of chocolate!The University of Reading, in England, has just opened a new clearing house for all the world’s ne w cocoa varieties. They must be quarantined(进行检疫) before they can be grown. Why? Cocoa production hit a record high of 4.4 million tons last yearbut about 30% of the precious crop is regularly lost to pests and diseases. Now we don’t want that, do we?Demand for chocolate has been increasing faster than the world supply of cocoa and researchers think that new varieties are key to solving this problem.The University of Reading has been protecting the quality of the new crop since 1985, after it took over the task from the Royal Botanical Gardens in Kew, London. And it has improved its facilities. The leader of the institution’s cocoa project, Professor Paul Hadley, says, “One of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean, healthy, interesting cocoa material.”The cocoa centre has a collection of 400 plant varieties and their greenhouse uses a lot of energy to keep them in tropical conditions. After up to two years in quarantine, clean and safe seeds are sent to some 20 countries, including several in West Africa. That’s where 75% of the cocoa used for chocolate worldwide comes from. The crop is extremely important for the local economy: it employs about two million people.Professor Paul Hadley says he works with a small team of skilled technicians who look after the collection. And more of us seem to count on them now.The scientist says, “There is some concern within the industry that demand is increasing constantly, particularly in countries like China, where the standard of living is increasing and people are getting a taste for different chocolates.” 【解题导语】本文主要介绍了英国一项保护可可种子的项目。
1．What is the text mainly about?A．Safeguarding cocoa seeds.B．Planting cocoa seeds worldwide.C．Keeping cocoa seeds in greenhouse.D．Finding the new market for cocoa.A解析：主旨大意题。
根据第一段中的“It’s not something I’d like to do.So I was relieved to read that there’s a university with a programme to safeguard the future of chocolate！” 及第五段中的“clean and safe seeds” 可知，本文主要讲的是英国保护可可种子的项目，即A项正确。
2．T he institution’s cocoa project is to ________.A．have cocoa skin removedB．offer more jobs to peopleC．ensure the quality of cocoaD．supply cocoa to two million peopleC解析：推理判断题。
根据第四段中的最后一句“The leader of the institution’s cocoa project, Professor Paul H adley, says, ‘One of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean, healthy, interesting cocoa material.’” 可知，这个机构是要确保可可粉的质量，即C项正确。
3．What does the last paragraph tell us?A．The taste of chocolates is changing.B．Demand for cocoa is increasing continually.C．People are concerned about cocoa varieties.D．Chinese have a long history of eating chocolates.B解析：细节理解题。
根据最后一段的关键词“demand is increasing constantly” 可知，本段主要讲可可需求的不断增长，即B项正确。
4．What’s the purpose of the text?A．To educate. B．To advertise.C．To warn. D．To inform.D解析：写作意图题。
文章第一段点题，结合全文的整体内容可知，本文主要介绍了英国保护可可种子的项目，属于向读者传递信息的类型，即D项正确。
B(2016·太原二模)Washington: NASA has announced evidence that Jupiter’s large st moon, Ganymede, has a saltwater ocean under its icy surface. The ocean seems to have more water than all the water on Earth’s surface, according to new Hubble observations.New Hubble observations of Ganymede’s magnetic field strongly suggest that the moon, which is the largest in our whole solar system, is home to a subsurface ocean. Scientists estimate that the ocean is 95 kilometres thick, which is about 10 times deeper than Earth’s oceans. But unlike our salty waters, Ganymede’s ocean is buried under 150 kilometres of ice.While scientists have speculated(推测) since the 1970s about the presence of an ocean on Ganymede—the largest moon in our solar system—until now the only observational evidence came from a brief flyby by the Galileo spacecraft, which didn’t observe the moon long enough to confirm a liquid ocean.This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish. In its 25 years in orbit, Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in our own solar system. A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.Scientists have already confirmed the existence of an ocean on Europe, another moon orbiting Jupiter, and NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water.Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth, but because of its impressive gravitational analyses it can be used to study the inside of far distant planets. Using these same principles, scientists could theoretically detect oceans on distant exoplanets as well.【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。
