2020版 第3部分 层级2 第2讲 言简意赅的非谓语动词

第2讲言简意赅的非谓语动词运用非谓语动词转换句子1．All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom.→All the people here like the novel written_by_Tom．2．I feel quite sorry for that. I begin to think about what to do to help.→Feeling_quite_sorry_for_that,_I begin to think about what to do to help.3．The boys were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier.→The boys were making the most of time in_order/so_as_to_finish_the _work_earlier．4．When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.→Faced_with_difficulties,_we need friends to give us comfort and help.5．After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.→Having_practiced_playing_basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.6．As the society develops rapidly, it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.→With the society developing_rapidly,_it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。

言简意赅的非谓语动词在写作中，如果出现太多的简单句，会让人觉得单调乏味，水平不高；而如果出现太多的复合句会让人觉得读起来费劲。

所以适当地使用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不但显得句式丰富，而且提升了文章的档次。

一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句运用非谓语动词转换简单句可采用“三步法”。

第一步：写出两个简单句。

(1)I felt quite sorry for that.(2)I began to think about what to do to help.第二步：根据两个简单句的意思找出两个句子的对接点，让一个简单句作为主句，另一个简单句用非谓语动词进行改写。

让句(2)作为主句，用非谓语动词改写句(1)。

第三步：根据主句主语和动词之间的关系来确定用何种非谓语动词。

主句的主语是I，与动词felt之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。

Feeling quite sorry for that，I began to think about what to do to help.即时训练1用非谓语动词转换简单句1.Consequently，some viewers began to turn away from cinemas.It led to a slower growth.(2017·江苏)→Consequently，some viewers began to turn away from cinemas，leading to a slower growth.2.The exhibition will be held in the City Museum.It is located in the north of our city.(2017·全国Ⅱ)→The exhibition will be held in the City Museum，located in the north of our city.3.We’ll have a big feast together.We gather around the table and pray for next year’s good luck.→We’ll have a big feast together，gathering around the table and praying for next year’s good luck.二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句相对于用非谓语动词转换简单句，转换复合句要简单一些，只需要两步。

2020年中考英语语法复习方案9《非谓语动词》【趋势解读】非谓语动词是句子中不能单独作谓语的动词形式，分为三大类，即动词不定式、动名词和分词，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词。

非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，在句子中的作用相当于名词、形容词戴副词。

中考主要考查的是不定式和动名词，但是在阅读理解的文章中经常出现含分词结构的句子，已成为语篇填空的必考点，尤其是在自主招生考试中。

非谓语动词也是考试的难点，是个系统性、综合性很强的考点。

【思维引导】精彩笔记1 非谓语动词的基本形式和时态、语态的变化(1)动词不定式有两种形式，一种是带to的不定式，一种是不带to的不定式。

动词不定式也具有动词的特征，有时态、语态的变化。

(2)动名词(动词的-ing形式)是在动词原形后+-ing构成，它保留着动词和名词的特征，有时态和语态的变化。

(3)分词①现在分词在形式上和动名词一样，也有时态、语态的变化。

②过去分词只有一种形式，即由“动词原形+-ed”构成。

核心题根1 将下列句子翻译成汉语并指出画线部分是哪种非谓语动词形式。

(1)She wants to buy a house with a garden.(2)He is said to have left for Shanghai.(3)I still remember having been taken to the zoo for the first time.(4)She asks to be treated equally.思路点拨:非谓语动词虽然在句子中不能作谓语，但仍然具有动词的特点，即有时态和语态的变化，同时可以带宾语和状语。

同类变式1 将下列句子译成英语，用非谓语动词完成句子，一空一词。

(1)明天举行新闻发布会。

The press conference is tomorrow.(2)他似乎在做梦。

He seemed .(3)我们知道没有安全带驾驶是不安全的。

动词非谓语形式一．基本概念：顾名思义，不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词，有to do（动词不定式） / -ing （现在分词 / 动名词） / -ed （过去分词）三个形式。

由于他们不受主语人称和数的限制，故也称为"非限定动词"。

（学习中不要刻意去区分现在分词和动名词）二．非谓语动词的时态和语态意义：英语中动词有两大基本特征：时态和语态的变化。

非谓语动词也是动词，当然也具备动词的这两大特征。

1. 时态概念：非谓语动词只有"过去、现在和将来"三个时间概念，他与谓语动词时态的区别是：谓语动词表示的是实际时间概念，如I am learning English.是指讲话的时候或那段时间里"我正在学英语"。

而非谓语动词的"过去、现在和将来"是指相对于谓语动词而言的"过去、现在和将来"，即先于谓语动词的行为或状态称为"过去时"，与谓语动词的行为或状态发生在同一时间（段）的称为"现在时"，而发生在谓语动词的行为或状态之后的称为"将来时"。

这个时间概念对于后面要讲的非谓语动词的句法功能是非常重要的。

2. 语态概念：与谓语动词一样，非谓语动词也有主动语态和被动语态之分。

将非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念用表格归纳如下：也就是要记住四句话：(1) 表示将来时；(2) 表示现在时；(3) 表示过去时（一定是被动的）(4) 动词不定式的完成时表示过去时非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念是理解非谓语动词句法功能、应试判题和翻译的基础。

请你判断一下，下面句子中的非谓语动词是什么时态和语态：Your duty is to look after the sick child. (你的责任是照料这个病孩。

将来 / 主动)The sick child needs to be looked after by a special person. (这个病孩需要专人照顾。

第2讲言简意赅的非谓语动词运用非谓语动词转换句子1．All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom.→All the people here like the novel written_by_Tom．2．I feel quite sorry for that. I begin to think about what to do to help.→Feeling_quite_sorry_for_that,_I begin to think about what to do to help.3．The boys were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier.→The boys were making the most of time in_order/so_as_to_finish_the _work_earlier．4．When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.→Faced_with_difficulties,_we need friends to give us comfort and help.5．After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.→Having_practiced_playing_basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.6．As the society develops rapidly, it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.→With the society developing_rapidly,_it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。

非谓语动词(t h e N o n-F i n i t e V e r b s)定义在句子中不是谓语的动词，形式：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）作用：在句子中充当主语、宾语、状语等。

特点：1.非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

2.非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

3.非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。

4.谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。

5.英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。

与谓语动词的关系相同点（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如： They built a garden. They suggested building a garden.（2）都可以被状语修饰： The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well.（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。

例如：He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态） He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时） Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）（4）都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语） The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）We are League members.（谓语动词的主语） We being League member, the work was well done. （现在分词的逻辑主语）不定式一、形式功能：动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

Section ⅡGrammar——非谓语动词[语法图解][典句感知]①It was foolish of you to lie to your teacher.②It's no use trying to persuade him to change his mind.③Her wish is to go to Tokyo to watch the 2020 Olympic Games.④Our work is serving the people.⑤People want to know who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling.⑥But they looked forward, too, by opening new frontiers in the arts.⑦The building being built is a new shopping mall.⑧The bird was lucky and escaped being caught.⑨Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the years 1503—1506, the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.⑩All things considered, she is the best student in my class.[语法领悟](1)①②句中的黑体部分在句中作主语，③④句中的作表语，⑤⑥句中的作宾语。

(2)由①②句可知，动词不定式和动词-ing形式作主语，可以用it 作形式主语。

(3)⑦⑧句中，黑体部分都为动词-ing形式的被动式，在句中分别为定语和宾语。

(4)⑨句中，黑体部分为过去分词在句中作状语；⑩句中，分词作状语时有自己独立的主语，这叫独立主格结构。

一、非谓语动词作主语1．v.-ing作主语(1)v.-ing作主语时常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或者状态，v.-ing 有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数形式。

第2讲言简意赅的非谓语动词运用非谓语动词转换句子1．All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom.→All the people here like the novel written_by_Tom.2．I feel quite sorry for that. I begin to think about what to do to help.→Feeling_quite_sorry_for_that,_I begin to think about what to do to help.3．The boys were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier.→The boys were making the most of time in_order/so_as_to_finish_the_work _earlier.4．When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.→Faced_with_difficulties,_we need friends to give us comfort and help.5．After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.→Having_practiced_playing_basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.6．As the society develops rapidly, it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.→With the society developing_rapidly,_it's necessary for us to have a goodknowledge of English and computer.众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会使句子与句子之间的关系显得松散，让人觉得单调乏味；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。

非谓语动词精讲概述在大学英语四六级考试的词汇和语法部分中，年年必考的一项语法就是非谓语动词(Non-finite Verb)。

非谓语动词分为三类：不定式(infinitive)、动名词(gerund)和分词(participle)。

其特点是：1．不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。

2．它们具有各种形态：原形、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。

3．不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。

但不管起什么作用，它们都具有动词的功能，但无语法上的动词性质，这一点可以通过它们不受主语的人称和数的限制体现出来。

4．分词起形容词和副词作用，可做表语、定语、状语和复合结构中的复合宾语，但不能做主语和宾语。

它也不受主语人称和数的限制。

不定式1．结构不定式的主动态是 to do，其否定式是 not to do，被动态是 to be done，进行态是 to be doing，完成态是 to have done 。

例： 1996 年 6 月四级第 24 题Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection _ _____to the nation.A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left 结合选项来看，全句的意思： "78 岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家"。

收藏品是"被留给国家"，因此需要一个被动式做宾语，所以答案是 D) is to be left 。

2．不定式做主语例： 1995 年 1 月四级第 55 题It is not unusual for workers in that region _________.A) to be paid more than a month later B) to be paid later than more a monthC) to pay later than a month more D) to pay later more than a monthit 在句中作形式主语。

第七讲言简意赅的非谓语动词李仕才众所周知，书面表达中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。

恰当地运用非谓语动词不仅使句型多样，而且使习作结构紧凑。

一、非谓语动词的分类1.不定式I’m sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. 我抱歉地说，我不能和你一起在星期五下午去书店了。

We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.我们应当通过学习尽力提升自己，为未来做好准备。

2.动名词Furthermore，voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.而且在网上投票会瞬间得到反馈。

Doing the same sports on the playground gives us the opportunity to promote our friendship.在操场上做同样的运动给了我们机会促进我们的友谊。

3.现在分词In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.在这幅画中，我们可以看到一个穿着破旧衣服的男孩，坐在一张放着一摞书的旧木桌旁。

4.过去分词In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order.事实上，交通规则是与公共秩序相关的规则规章的一部分。