高考英语总复习 语法突破 第8讲 非谓语动词之动词不定式的用法感悟高考 北师大版

高考非谓语动词不定式用法小结动词不定式用法小结与第一单元重点词汇动词不定式用法小结动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。

动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。

一. 作主语例如：To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。

To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。

动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。

例如上面的句子可以表示为：It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well.如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。

例：It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning.对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。

It is important for students to use English every day.对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。

二. 作表语：动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。

例：His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。

My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。

Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。

三. 作宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show,learn, like, hate, love, ask等。

北师大版高考非谓语动词的使用一、选择题1．—I don’t know _____ remember the new English words.—Don’t worry! Try thinking about their pronunciations.A．what to B．how to C．where to D．when to2．My bike is broken. I will have it________ tomorrow morning.A．fix up B．fixed up C．repairing D．to repair3．— Do you prefer _______ basketball with me?— No, I'd rather _______ at home and watch TV because of my aching feet.A．play; stay B．to play; to stay C．play; to stay D．to play; stay 4．Our teacher always chooses classical songs she enjoys ________ us between classes. A．relax B．relaxing C．to relax D．to relaxing 5．My mother always teaches me how ________ water in my daily life. That really helps me develop a good habit of using water.A．to save B．saving C．saves D．saved6．The oral English test is coming. What else should we pay attention to ________ our grades? A．to improve B．improving C．improve D．improved 7．"An early bird catches the worm" means that you have to do something ahead of others___success.A．achieving B．achieve C．to achieve D．to achieving 8．We must do everything we can __________ the students in poor areas.A．help B．helped C．helping D．to help9．—I didn’t hear you come in just now.—That’s great. I tried ________ the baby up.A．no waking B．don’t wake C．to not wake D．not to wake 10．—Why are you so excited today?—Because we were told a school trip this weekend.A．having B．have C．to have D．had11．Our headmaster isn’t in. I can’t find him anywhere. Did you notice him ______ the office? A．to enter B．entered C．to leave D．leave12．---Max is a funny boy. His jokes always make us ________a lot.A．to laugh B．laughing C．laugh D．laughs13．Life is about waiting for the right moment ________, because everyone is in his own TIME ZONE.A．acting B．to act C．act D．acts14．In order ________ for the competition, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. A．not to be late B．not being late C．to be late D．being late 15．More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _____ people’s attention over food safety.A．to raise B．raising C．to rise D．rising16．I don’t like sad movies because it usually makes me ________A．crying B．cries C．to cry D．cry17．How much work have they finished ________ for the welcome party?A．prepared B．to prepare C．preparing D．to be prepared 18．―What do you think of the action movie Mulan?―It comes from an old Chinese story. Mulan dresses up as a boy and takes her father's place in the army.A．to fight B．fighting C．fights D．fought 19．—To keep the students safe on their way to school, we have taken more action.— That sounds great. We should do what we can __________ the school bus accident.A．to prevent B．prevent C．to preventing D．preventing 20．Helen was made the task in two days.A．finish B．to finishing C．finished D．to finish 21．—We set World Reading Day ________ teens to form a good reading habit.—Nowadays, people are more aware of the importance of reading.A．to encourage B．encouraging C．encouraged D．encourage 22．The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ___________ them.A．to follow B．following C．followed D．follows 23．He tried to make himself ________ by his students, but he failed.A．understand B．understoodC．understands D．understanding24．I like watching people _____in the street.A．walking B．walked C．to walk D．be walking25．—My eyesight is getting worse these days. I'd like to have my eyes________. —Perhaps you should consider ________the time on the computer.A．checked; reducing B．to check; reducingC．checked; to reduce D．checking; to reduce26．She left the lights on overnight and in the morning she couldn’t get the car ________. A．to start B．starting C．started D．starts 27．The music ________ by Mozart is well known ________ people all over the world. A．writes; as B．written; for C．written; as D．written; to 28．I improve my ________ English by ________ conversations with my friends in English. A．speak, practice making B．speaking, practicing making C．spoken, practicing making D．speaking, practicing to make 29．Mrs. White showed her student some old maps ________from the library.A．to borrow B．to be borrowed C．borrowed D．borrowing 30．I still like the good old songs I often listen to myself in my spare time.A．enjoy B．enjoying C．to enjoy D．enjoyed31．I hope everyone can care about ______ the environment and stop ______ things.A．protecting; wasting B．protecting; to wasteC．protect; wasting D．protect; to waste32．—The construction of Subway Line 4 in Jinan has begun!—Wonderful. It will be more convenient for people _________ in the suburb to travel around. A．live B．living C．lived D．lives33．While all Chinese are fighting COVID-19, medical staff（工作人员） ________ on the front line are heroes.A．stood B．stand C．standing D．to stand34．With a lot of students about too much homework, our teachers have tried some ways to solve this problem.A．complain B．complaining C．complained D．to complain35．-I tried to make Alice ___________ her mind but I found it difficult.-Well, I saw you __________that when I went past.A．changed; do B．changes; doing C．change; to do D．change; doing 36．Snakes don’t have ears but they can feel things ________.A．moving B．move C．moved D．to move 37．—How do you feel about people who keep you ____?—They drive me ____.A．wait; excited B．to wait; fun C．waiting; mad D．waiting; happy 38．The rubbish ________ every day is becoming a serious problem in cities around the world. A．produce B．produced C．producer D．producing39．I would rather spend time ______ at home than ______ out with you.A．staying; go B．to stay; to go C．staying; to go D．to stay; go40．The Smiths are considering ________ to England because they ________ the cold weather there.A．not to move; aren't used to B．not moving; didn't use toC．not to move; didn't use to D．not moving; aren't used to41．—Doctor! I can’t fall at night.—Don’t worry! You are too stressed. Just be relaxed and take some pills, then you’ll be better. A．sleepy; asleep B．asleep; sleepingC．sleep; sleep D．asleep, sleepy42．—At weekends, my parents often go cycling with me around the Fishmouth Wetland Park.—That's great! But my parents are too busy ________ operations to spare me any time.A．to do B．done C．doing D．do43．—I prefer ________ with a pen to ________ on the computer, because I type so slowly. —So do I.A．write; typing B．to write; to type C．writing; to type D．writing; typing 44．The way our students thought of ________ the classroom clean and tidy proved to be very useful.A．to keep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps45．All of us should know what attention should be paid to __________ a more beautiful Huai'an. A．building B．to build C．build D．have built 46．When I was young I liked to listen to the radio, ________ for my favourite song.A．wait B．waited C．waiting D．so that wait47．A new high-speed railway ________ Yangzhou ________ Nanjing will be built. A．connected; and B．connects; with C．connected; to D．connecting; to 48．We should encourage our students _____ hard instead of ____ too much time playing games. A．work; spend B．to work; spendC．work; spending D．to work; spending49．（题文）The manager is used to _____________the computer to check e-mails every morning.A．turn on B．turning on C．turn off D．turning off50．The book written by Mo Yan is worth ______ a second time.A．to read B．to be read C．reading D．being read51．My brother would rather spend time _________ in the library _________ talk with friends on WeChat.A．read; in B．reading; in C．reading; than D．to read; than52．I prefer in the peaceful countryside to living in the big city, because that makes me ________.A．lived ; relaxed B．to live ; relaxing C．living ; relaxed D．live ; relax 53．—Anyone shouldn’t _________ use fire outdoors.—Yeah, and we should pay attention to ________ our forests and grasslands.A．be allowed to; protect B．allow to; protectingC．be allowed to; protecting D．allow to; protected54．The girl is often heard ________ in the music room. Her voice sounds beautiful. A．practice singing B．practiced singing C．to practice singing D．to practice sing 55．Peter enjoys ________ pictures in the country on Sundays.A．draw B．drawing C．to draw D．drew56．Your English will be better if you practice _______ English for an hour every day. A．speak B．speaking C．to speak D．to speaking 57．—Were you born in Qingyang City?—No, I wasn’t. But I have been used ________ in the city since I moved here ten years ago. A．live B．to live C．living D．to living 58．Nowadays, teachers ought to consider ________ more time on teaching research.A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent59．Don’t forget ________ the door when you leave here.A．lock B．locking C．to lock D．locked 60．—What do you remember about Grade 7?―I remember________a prize in the school writing competition.A．to win B．win C．winning D．won【参考答案】一、选择题1．B解析：B【详解】句意：——我不知道如何记住新的英语单词。

高考英语语法词汇专项突破：08非谓语动词短文填空专练(No.17-20)+答案与解析（解析版）（素材来源：高考真题、教材原文、知名网站、权威考题等）养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

第五组(No.17-20)No.17阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLEAs teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, duringthis period, it can be easy for some of them ___1____ (form) bad habits.These bad habits, if ____2__ (leave) unchecked, could lead to more seriousones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become___3____ (involve) in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physicaland mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from___4____ (dominate) a teenager's life is essential. They must learn ___5____to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famous saying ___6___(base) on the philosophy of Aristotle:“We are what we repeatedly do.”In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice ___7____ (do) something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder ___8_____ (change) . The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.____9____ (accord) to modern psychology, we must first learn about the "habit cycle".For young people,there is plenty of time to change bad habits. However, there is no "magic pill" or delete button. You have the power ____10___ (build) a happy and healthy life full of good habits! (228 words) （From: 人教社（2019）选择性必修三Unit2 Healthy Lifestyle P14)【答案】1.to form2.left3.involved4.dominating5. to recognise/recognize6.based7.to do8.to change9.According 10.to build【答案及解析】1.to form。

高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的用法总结在高中英语学习中，非谓语动词是一个重要的语法知识点。

非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式，它们在句子中可以充当多种不同的语法角色。

本文将对这三种非谓语动词的用法进行总结，帮助高中生们更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法。

一、不定式用法1. 不定式作主语例如：To learn a foreign language is not easy. （学一门外语并不容易。

）2. 不定式作宾语例如：I want to visit the museum tomorrow. （我明天想去参观博物馆。

）3. 不定式作目的状语例如：He went to the supermarket to buy some groceries. （他去超市买些杂货。

）4. 不定式作目标状语例如：We need to study hard to pass the exam. （为了通过考试，我们需要努力学习。

）5. 不定式作定语例如：The girl to my left is my best friend. （我左边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。

）二、动名词用法1. 动名词作主语例如：Swimming is my favorite sport. （游泳是我最喜欢的运动。

）2. 动名词作宾语例如：He enjoys playing basketball. （他喜欢打篮球。

）3. 动名词作介词宾语例如：She is good at dancing. （她擅长跳舞。

）4. 动名词作宾语补足语例如：I find it difficult to understand his speech. （我觉得理解他的演讲很困难。

）5. 动名词作定语例如：The running water sounds so relaxing. （流水的声音听起来很放松。

）三、分词用法1. 现在分词作定语例如：The book on the table is mine. （桌子上的那本书是我的。

⾮谓语动词（不定式）的⽤法⾮谓语动词（动词不定式的具体⽤法）Step1. 动词不定式的3⼤语法功能（1）不定式可充当主语，宾语，表语，具有名词的功能.（2）不定式可充当后置定语或宾语补⾜语，具有形容词的功能.（3）不定式可充当状语，具有副词的功能..Step2.不定式的构成，即：“不定式符号to+动词原形”.Step3. 不定式的否定式，否定词⼀定放在不定式符号之前，即：“not/never+不定式+动词原形.⼀，不定式作主语的⽤法.特点：“to+动词原形”所形成的形式具有名词功能.名词可在句中充当主语，宾语或者表语，同理，不定式也有相同的功能.1. 不定式作主语的特点：（1）可以表⽰⼀种意愿或未完成的事.（2）谓语动词⽤单数.E g: To win the championship is my ambition.主语系动词表语译⽂：赢得冠军是我的雄⼼.E g: To master a foreign language is necessary.主语系动词表语译⽂：掌握⼀门外语是有必要的.E g: To become President of the United States used to be my goal.主语谓语宾语译⽂：过去我的梦想是成为美国总统2. 不定式作主语时，be动词之后的表语若是名词，⼀定是表⽰意愿，⽬的，企图等名词，⽤来表⽰尚未完成的事情.常见的此类名词有：plan（计划）, purpose（⽬的）,attempt（企图）,goal（⽬标）, aim（⽬的）, ambition（雄⼼）,dream（梦想）, ideal（理想）, wish（希望/愿望）,hope（希望）, decision（决定）,determination （决定）,proposal（提议/建议）.E g: To speak perfect English is always my dream主语系动词表语译⽂：说⼀⼝流利的英语⼀直是我的梦想.3. 由于不定式短语作主语，显得主语过长，为了避免头重脚轻，达到句⼦平衡，把不定式短语放在句末，在原来主语的位置上“it”代替，形式上占⼀个主语的位置，称之为形式主语，不定式称为真正的主语.E g: It is necessary to protect the environment.形式主语系动词表语不定式作真正主语译⽂：保护环境是有必要的.4. 不定式作主语的两种特殊结构（1）句型：It is +adj(形容词)+of sb +to do sth.(2) 句型：It is +adj(形容词)+for sb +to do sth.特点和区别：（1）若形容词表⽰⼈的本质特征，特性，就⽤“of”引出的不定式的逻辑主语.A:表⽰⼈的本质特征和特性的形容词有：“good; nice; clever; wise; foolish; silly; stupid; rude; (im)polite , careless; careful; affable.E g: It is very affable of you to help me.译⽂：你真好帮助我.E g: It is very careless of you to lose your wallet.译⽂：你真粗⼼⼤意把钱包丢了.(2) 若形容词表⽰的不是逻辑主语的特性，⽽是描述对逻辑主语所做的事情，就⽤介词“for”，B:常见的此类形容词有：“easy; hard; difficult; heavy; necessary; impossible; important.E g: It is impossible for me to get to the destination on time in an hour.译⽂：⼀个⼩时之内按时达到⽬的地对我来说是不可能的.E g: It is very difficult for me to work out the math problem. 译⽂：解决这个数学问题对我来说太难了.(3) 形容词表⽰⼈的特性的句⼦可转化成⼀个不定式作状语的句⼦，⽽后者则不能.E g: It is very kind of you to help me with my English可转化为⼀个不定式作状语的句⼦= You are very kind tohelp me with my English.⼆，不定式作宾语的⽤法.（1）作及物动词的宾语，该及物动词均为表⽰意愿，企图的动词,表⽰具体的或者特定的动作，或者是将来的动作.常见的动词如下：want（要）; wish（希望）; hope（希望）; desire （欲望/渴望）; intend意图;try（设法）; determine（决定）; decide（决定）; attempt（企图）; endeavor（努⼒）; plan（计划）; like（喜欢）; love（喜欢）; expect（期望/盼望）；pretend(假装); afford（承担得起）; manage（设法）; prepare（准备）; long （盼望）; arrange（安排）; promise（答应/许诺）; learn（学会）;dare（敢）;agree（同意）；start/begin(开始); fail（失败）; refuse（拒绝）; 等.E g: I want to take a trip abroad next year.主语及物动词不定式作宾语时间状语译⽂：明年我要出国旅游.E g: I intend to visit you tomorrow主语及物动词不定式作宾语时间状语译⽂：我打算明天去拜访你.E g: He tried to kill two birds with one stone.译⽂：他设法⼀箭双雕.E g: I expect to get a raise.译⽂：我渴望获得加薪.E g: I can’t afford to buy a new car.主语及物动词动词不定式作宾语译⽂：我买不起新车.（2）若作宾语的不定式太长，如果其后还有形容词或名词担当宾语补⾜语，常⽤“it”作形式宾语，把不定式短语作真正的宾语后置.基本句式：“主语+及物动词+it(形式宾语)+名词/形容词（宾语补⾜语）+to+动词原形（真正宾语）”.常见的此类动词有“find(发现); think（认为）; believe（相信）; consider（认为）; deem（认为）; feel（觉得）; make（使）E g: I think it useful to learn English well.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语译⽂：我认为学好英语是很有⽤的.E g: I deem it necessary to apologize to others.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语译⽂：我认为向别⼈道歉是有必要的.E g: I deem it an honor for me to give this speech.译⽂：能在这⾥进⾏演讲我认为这是我的荣幸.E g: We found it impossible to finish the project in a month.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语译⽂：我发现⼀个⽉之内完成这个项⽬是不可能的.E g: I make it a rule to get up early.说明：Make it a rule to+v 表⽰“把--------当作常例/习惯于-------------”.译⽂：我习惯早起.E g: The teacher made it a rule to speak only English in class.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语地点状语.译⽂：⽼师规定在课堂上这能讲英语.E g: I felt it stupid for him to talk like that.译⽂：我觉得他这样讲话挺愚蠢的.（3）疑问代词：“what ; which; whom +动词不定式（to+do）”共同作及物动词的宾语的⽤法特点：不定式后⾯的动词⼀定为及物动词，疑问单词“what ; which; whom”及物动词或者介词的宾语.E g: I can’t decide which one to buy.主语及物动词共同作宾语译⽂：我决定不了买哪⼀个.E g: I don’t know what to do next.译⽂：我不知道下⼀步该怎么办.E g: I can’t decide whom to turn to for help.译⽂：我决定不了向谁求救.E g: I hardly know what to say to you.译⽂：我简直不知道该对你说什么.（4）疑问代词：“what ; which; whom +动词不定式（to+do）”共同作及物动词直接宾语的⽤法E g: Would you please tell me which course to take?主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语译⽂：你能告诉我应该选哪门课程吗？（5）疑问副词：“when; where; how；whether+动词不定式（to+do）”共同作及物动词宾语的⽤法特点：（1）不定式后⾯的动词可以为不及物动词.（2）不定式后⾯的动词也可为及物动词，且后⾯有宾语.E g: He patiently showed me how to operate the computer.主语状语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语译⽂：他耐⼼地教我怎么使⽤电脑.E g: He didn’t tell me when to start.译⽂：他并没有告诉我什么时候出发.E g: I don’t know whether to go or stay.译⽂：我不知道是⾛还是留.E g: I just wonder where to spend the weekend.译⽂：我只是想知道该去哪⾥度过周末.E g: Life is long if you know how to live it.译⽂：若知如何使⽤，⽣命就会长久.三，不定式作表语的⽤法.特点：（1）主语均为表⽰：“意愿”或者“企图”的名词.（2）不定式作表语可换作主语.E g: His only wish at present is to sleep.主语时间状语系动词动词不定式作表语译⽂：他此刻唯⼀的愿望就是去睡觉.可转化为：To sleep is his only wish at present.E g: His goal is simply to become an excellent English teacher.主语系动词状语动词不定式作表语译⽂：他的⽬标就是当⼀名优秀的英语教师.E g: His resolution is to become a great scientist.主语系动词动词不定式作表语译⽂：他的志愿时当⼀名伟⼤的科学家.E g: My dream is to become a successful businessman.译⽂：我的愿望是成为⼀名成功的商⼈.E g: The problem is to find a solution.译⽂：问题是得找出⼀个解决办法.E g: Shaking one’s fist is to show one’s determination.译⽂：挥拳头是显⽰⼀个⼈的决⼼.E g: The purpose of yelling English is to build up your confidence.译⽂：⼤喊英语的⽬的是建⽴你的⾃信⼼.不定式作表语的2种特殊情况（1）动词不定式作主语，也可作be动词之后的表语，主语和表语的动词形式⼀定要对称.E g: To see is to believe不定式作主语系动词不定式作表语译⽂：眼见为实E g: To love her this way is to worship her.不定式作主语⽅式状语系动词不定式作表语译⽂：这样爱他就等于崇拜她.（2）在下列句型中，be动词之后的to可省略，接动词原形作表语.E g: All you have to do is (to) take a good rest.主语系动词表语译⽂：你所要做的就是要好好的休息.E g: All I can do is (to) wait主语系动词表语译⽂：我所能做的就是等待.E g：What you should do is simply (to) apologize to him主语系动词状语表语译⽂：你应该做的事就是向他道歉.四，不定式作后置定语的⽤法.相当于形容词的功能.特点：（1）动词不定式作定语时⼀定要放在所修饰词的后⾯，作后置定语.（2）动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间有动宾关系.（3）不定式后⾯的动词为及物动词，若为不及物动词，⼀定要加上相应的介词.E g: I have a pile of homework to do tonight.主语及物动词宾语不定式作后置定语时间状语.译⽂：今晚我有⼀⼤堆的作业要做.不定式作后置定语的特殊⽤法（1）不定式作后置定语可以等于关系代词作主语所引导的定语从句.E g: I have no friend to advise me.主语谓语宾语不定式作后置定语等价于：I have no friend who can advise me.译⽂：我没有朋友可以给我忠告.（2）不定式作后置定语可以等于关系代词作宾语所引导的定语从句.E g: I have no one to talk to主语谓语宾语不定式作后置定语等价于：I have no one whom I can talk to.译⽂：我没有⼈可以交谈.E g: There are many sights to see here.等价于：There are many sights which we can see here.译⽂：这⾥有很多的风景可看.（3）主动的不定式和被动不定式的区别. A: 如果句⼦的主语是要做那件事的⼈，就⽤主动形式.B: 如果句⼦的主语是要做的动作（或者是接受动作的⼈或事），就⽤被动式.E g: I have two coats to wash.E g: Two coats are to be washed.(4) 在：“there be ”结构中的不定式可⽤主动式，也可⽤被动式，且意思⼀样.E g: There is an important thing to do tonight= There is an important thing to be done tonight.（5）不定式修饰序数词⼀定要放在其后.A：Li was the first to arrive.B: Really? That’s not like him. He’s always the last one to arrive.A: 李是第⼀个到的.B: 真的吗？那可不像他的作风，他总是最后⼀个到.五，不定式作状语的⽤法.特点：不定式作状语多放在被修饰的动词，副词，和形容词之后.注意其逻辑主语必须和句⼦的主语保持⼀致.在句中充当状语，表⽰⽬的；结果或原因.（1）不定式修饰动词的⽤法，⼀定置于该动词之后.E g: We should do whatever we can to save them.主语及物动词宾语从句不定式作⽬的状语的⽤法译⽂：我们应该做些什么才能挽救他们呢.(2) 不定式修饰动词作⽬的状语的⽤法.特点：不定式作⽬的状语，通常置于动词之后，也可置于句⾸，⽤逗号与主语隔开.E g: You should work very hard to win the award.主语谓语状语不定式作⽬的状语等价于：To win the award, you should work very hard译⽂：为了要赢得这个奖项，你应该努⼒奋⽃.E g: I’ll do everything I can to help you.(⽬的)译⽂：我会竭尽全⼒帮你的.E g: You’re really very kind to say so.(原因)译⽂：你这么说真是太好了.还有类似不定式短语有：（1）in order to+动词原形..即可放在句⾸，也可句末.（2）so as to+动词原形.只能放在句末.（3）only to;(4) too-------to 太-------⽽不能（3）with an eye to +动名词. 只能放在句中. （4）with a view to +动名词. 只能放在句中.E g: He got up early in order to catch the school bus.主语谓语不定式作⽬的状语译⽂：他早起的⽬的就是能搭上校车.（3）不定式修饰形容词，⼀般置于该形容词之后.特点：⼀般表⽰⼀种结果.E g: He is able to do amazing things.主语系动词表语不定式作结果的⽤法译⽂：他能成就伟业.E g: He is apt to lie to me .主语系动词表语不定式作结果的⽤法.译⽂：他爱向我撒谎.E g: She was prepared to face the music.译⽂：她准备好⾯对后果.疯狂操练：I’m determined to conquer English. 我决⼼攻克英⽂I’m determined to master pronunciation. 我决⼼攻克发⾳.I’m determined to speak good English. 我决⼼说好英语.I’m determined to become a grammar king. 我决⼼成为语法⼤王I’m determined to command a lot of words. 我决⼼掌握⼤量词汇.I’m determined to write beautiful articles. 我决⼼写出漂亮⽂章.I’m determined to communicate with the world. 我决⼼与全世界沟通.（4）不定式修饰副词，⼀定置于该副词之后. 特点：⼀般表⽰⼀种结果.E g: He is old enough to go swimming alone.主语系动词表语状语（副词）不定式作结果的⽤法. 译⽂：他长⼤了，⾜以单独⼀个⼈去游泳.五，不定式作宾语补⾜语的⽤法.（1）具有使役动词意味的及物动词，加上宾语之后，要⽤不定式短语作宾语补⾜语.此类动词有：1) cause/get 促使-----------；2) lead引导--------说明：‘加上宾语之后，可接to引导的不定式短语，但此时to视为介词，接动名词作其宾语”；3) allow/permit允许------4）advise 劝告---------5）persuade说服----------6）enable使能够----------7）tell告诉-------8）beg/ask请求--------9）order命令---------10）want/wish/expect/intend期望---------11）force 迫使----------------.12）encourage⿎励-------.E g: The sad story caused him to cry.主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾语补⾜语译⽂：这个悲惨的故事使他哭了.E g: His timely help enabled me to finish the project in advance.主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾补时间状语译⽂：他及时的帮助使我能提前完成这个项⽬.E g: They don’t allow me to smoke in the office.主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾补地点状语译⽂：他们不允许我在办公室⾥吸烟.E g: I ask my students to yell English every morning.主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾补时间状语译⽂：我要求我的学⽣每天早上都⼤喊英语.E g: My parents want me to become a great lawyer in thefuture.译⽂：我的⽗母希望我将来成为⼀位很棒的律师.E g: The boss forces his staff to work like a dog for him.译⽂：⽼板强迫员⼯为他拼命⼲活.E g: My teacher encouraged me to try again.译⽂：我的⽼师⿎励我再试⼀次.（2）使役动词或者是感官动词，动词不定式作宾语补⾜语“to”要省略.巧记不定式作宾补省略“to”的两⼤规则A：“注意让‘买客’听听看看这块表有啥感觉不带“⼟”B: 五看（see; watch; notice; observe; look at）; 三让（let; make; have）;两听（hear; listen to）; ⼀感觉（feel）; ⼀发现（find）; 半个帮（help）.1)感官动词，宾语补⾜语接原型动词，表⽰已发⽣的事实..若出现在被动语态中，“to”要还原.E g: I noticed a thief slip into my room just now.主语及物动词宾语省略不定式原型动词作宾补时间状语译⽂：我刚才注意⼀个贼溜进我的房间了.E g: I never heard him speak English.译⽂：我从未听过他说英语.E g: The man was seen to leave the accident.(被动语态中不定式要还原)译⽂：有⼈看见他离开事故现场.2）使役动词(make/ let/ have)的具体⽤法.｛1｝“make”的常见⽤法. 若出现被动语态时“to”要还原.※make +宾语+宾补（形容词）E g: The news made me happy.主语及物动词宾语形容词从当宾语补⾜语.译⽂：这则消息使我很开⼼.※make+宾语+宾补(省略“to”的动词原形).疯狂操练E g: My mother made me walk the dog. My father made me sweep the floor. My grandmother made me wash the dishes. My grandfather made me buy him cigarettes. Everyone in me family made me do something yesterday. I really enjoy helping other people.译⽂：我妈妈让我去遛狗.我爸爸让我擦地板.我奶奶让我洗碗.我爷爷让我给他买烟.昨天家⾥的所有⼈都让我⼲活了.我真的很乐意帮助他⼈.E g: These workers are made to work at least 18 hours each day.译⽂：这些⼯⼈被迫每天⾄少⼯作18⼩时.｛2｝“let”的⽤法. 很少出现被动语态中.※Let’s +动词原形. 让我们⼀起-------------------------E g: Let’s have dinner together tonight. 译⽂：让我们今晚⼀起吃晚饭.※Let us +动词原形. 让我们⼀起------------E g: Let us help Tom clean the room. 译⽂：让我们⼤家⼀起帮助汤姆打扫房间.※Let sb++动词原形. 让某⼈做某事.E g: Let me help you. 译⽂：让我来帮助你. ｛3｝“have”的⽤法. 很少出现被动语态中.※have +宾语（⼈/）+宾补（过去分词充当）表⽰：请某⼈做某事※have +宾语（物/）+宾补（过去分词充当）表⽰：可以⽤来主语的遭遇或经历，并不是故意让某事发⽣的.特点：1) 作宾语补⾜语的动词与宾语之间是被动关系.2）该动作常不属于主语的动作.E g: I had my hair cut yesterday主语使役动词宾语过去分词作宾补时间状语译⽂：我昨天理的发.E g: Please have the boy taken to the station.译⽂：请找⼈把这男孩带到E g: The old man had his leg broken when he fell off the bike. 译⽂：那⽼⼈从⾃⾏车上摔下来时把腿摔断了.※have+宾语（⼈/）+宾补（动词原形）表⽰“让某⼈做某事”E g: The director had his assistant pick up some hot dogs for the meeting.译⽂：主管让他的助理为这次会议准备⼀些热狗.※have+宾语(⼈/物)+宾补（动名词）表⽰：“让某⼈或某事不停地,或者⼀次⼜⼀次地进⾏某⼀动作.E g: He had us laughing all through. 译⽂：整顿饭期间他让我们笑个不停.六，不定式充当独⽴主格的⽤法.特点：不定式可以在句中充当独⽴成分，⽤来说明说话⼈的态度，对全句进⾏解释常见的有：“to be frank; to be honest; to tell the truth; to be blunt”等E g: To tell the truth, I have no money with me today.译⽂：我今天⼀分钱也没有带.E g: To be frank, you need to lose weight.译⽂：坦⽩说，你真的需要减肥.E g: To be blunt, that’s a stupid idea.译⽂：⽼实说，这想法真愚蠢.。

非谓语动词(不定式)的用法非谓语动词（动词不定式的具体用法）动词不定式有三大语法功能：1.充当名词，可作主语、宾语或表语；2.充当形容词，可作后置定语或宾语补足语；3.充当副词，可作状语。

构成不定式需要使用“to+动词原形”的形式，否定式则在不定式符号之前加入否定词“not/never”。

一、不定式作主语的用法不定式作主语的特点是具有名词的功能，可表示意愿或未完成的事情，谓语动词要用单数。

常见的此类名词有：plan（计划）、purpose（目的）、attempt（企图）、goal（目标）、aim（目的）、n（雄心）、dream（梦想）、ideal（理想）、wish（希望/愿望）、hope（希望）、n（决定）、n（决定）、proposal（提议/建议）等。

为了避免主语过长，不定式短语可放在句末，用形式主语“it”代替原来的主语位置，不定式则成为真正的主语。

例如：___.（赢得冠军是我的雄心。

）To master a foreign language is necessary.（掌握一门外语是有必要的。

）To e President of the United States used to be my goal.（过去我的梦想是成为美国总统。

）Speaking perfect English is always my dream.（说一口流利的英语一直是我的梦想。

）It is ___.（保护环境是有必要的。

）There are two special ___:1) It is + adj + of sb + to do sth.2) It is + adj + for sb + to do sth.___ characteristics and differences are:1) If ___ characteristics or traits。

the logical subject of the ___ "of."Examples:It is very affable of you to help me。

(完整)非谓语动词之不定式用法详解定义动词不定式与动名词,分词一样是动词的一种非谓语形式,它与动词原形同行,但它前面一般带有一个不定式的符号“to”，我们为了把它与介词的to 区别开来,也叫它小品词，它只是一个符号，没有词性,但动词不定式有时也不带to 。

形式1. 不定式作名词的用法不定式在句子中的作用有时和名词相同,在句子中可以当主语，表语,宾语. it 作形式主语而将真正的主语（不定式短语)放在谓语之后。

例如：例2可变为It is important to obey the laws.例3可变为It is impossible to finish so much homework in a day. 常见的带形式主语it 的句型有：句型一：＊It is easy (difficult ， hard, important ， right ， wrong, possible, impossible, necessary ， unnecessary, foolish ， wise, kind ， cruel ， nice…) to do …句型二：It is a pleasure (pity ， pleasant thing, crime, an honor… ) to do sth. 句型三:It takes （sb 。

） some time to do sth 。

花了某人一些时间去做某事 在句型一中我们常用for sb.或of sb 。

来做不定式的逻辑主语.但是什么情况下用for 或of ，主要从以下两个方面来区别： 1两者所使用的形容词不同a.for sb 。

的句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词。

如easy, difficult, hard ， important, possible, impossible ， necessary ， unnecessary, interesting 等。

·It is important for us to express our opinions 。

2020届高考英语二轮复习语法突破08【非谓语动词】高考英语非谓语动词用法速查速记非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to do to be done 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生不定式进行式to be doing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto havebeen done不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doing being done其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式having donehaving beendone其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成考点一非谓语动词作状语一、不定式作状语1．作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。

例：During the Mid－Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭、赏月、品尝月饼。

2．作结果状语，常用于下列结构中：only to do(表示意想不到的结果)；enough to do(足够做……)；too...to do...(太……而不能……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。

例：Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。

3．作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。

高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的种类与用法非谓语动词是指不能独立构成句子谓语的动词形式，主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。

非谓语动词在英语中具有广泛的应用，本文将对非谓语动词的种类与用法进行归纳总结。

一、动词不定式（Infinitive）动词不定式由"to + 动词原形"构成，可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语以及状语等。

下面分别介绍它们的用法。

1. 动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常放在句首，例如："To err is human." (犯错误是人之常情。

)"To learn a foreign language is not easy." (学习外语并不容易。

)2. 动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作及物动词的宾语时，常放在及物动词之后，例如："She wants to become a doctor." (她想成为一名医生。

)"I forgot to bring my umbrella." (我忘记带伞了。

)3. 动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语时，常与系动词连接，例如："His dream is to travel around the world." (他的梦想是周游世界。

)"My goal is to win the championship." (我的目标是赢得冠军。

)4. 动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语时，常位于被修饰名词之后，例如："The best way to learn English is to practice more." (学英语的最佳途径是多加练习。

)"I need a pen to write my essay." (我需要一支笔来写我的文章。

)5. 动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语时，可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件等，例如："I study hard to pass the exam." (我努力学习为了通过考试。

动词不定式 :(to +do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

否定式:not + (to do以 do 为例,动词不定式的构成如下:1.一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后 .例如:I'm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。

He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。

We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。

He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。

The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。

The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。

2.进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生, 例如:The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。

He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。

3.完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了。

I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。

He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友。

不定式的句法功能:(1作主语:To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。

To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。

动词不定式短语作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。

2012高考英语非谓语揭秘动词不定式非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式,中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考的热点。

考纲要求考生掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义;非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分；非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；非谓语动词在不同的语境下的运用;with复合结构。

动词不定式1.动词不定式作主语不定式短语作主语时，如果主语较长，往往在句首用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式）移到谓语动词之后，形成"it+谓语+（作主语的）不定式"结构，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。

例It is my honor_______here to spend some time with you.A.to be invitedB.invitingC.being invitedD.to invite解析A。

此处表示具体的某一次动作，应用不定式结构，故排除B、C。

根据逻辑关系可知，"我"是"被邀请"，因此用动词不定式的被动式。

故选A。

此时前面的It只是形式主语，后面的不定式才是真正的主语。

2.动词不定式作表语动词不定式可作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。

例The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _______it moredifficult.A.not makingB.not makeC.not to makeD.to not make解析C。

前面用动词不定式作表语说明新技术的目的，后面用不定式的否定式作表语，进一步说明新技术的作用。

不定式的否定形式是在不定式的标志词t o前加not。

故答案为C。

3.动词不定式作宾语英语中有一部分动词常跟不定式作宾语。

常见的这类动词有：agree 同意；fail未能；promise 保证；afford 承担得起；forget 忘记；refuse 拒绝；happen 碰巧; attempt 试图；hesitate 犹豫；seek 试图；determine 决定；prepare 准备；pretend 假装等。

高考高中英语核心语法详解动词不定式一、基础知识1.构成方式：动词原形前加to 构成，即 to + v；同时继承原形动词本身的所有用法；传统语法上也叫非谓语动词。

常见形式：以do为例一般时：主动态 to do（原形） ;被动态 to be + done （过去分词）；进行时：主动态 to be + doing(现在分词)；无被动态；完成时：主动态 to have +done (过去分词)；被动态 to have been+ done过去分词）；完成进行时：主动态 to have been +doing (现在分词)；无被动态；否定形式： not/never to + v；2.内在含义：未做之事，具有不确定的语气；要去做某事，或是未来的一种状态。

3. 动词不定式to的省略（1）使役动词，指的是像 let, make, have, get…之类的动词，共同点是都带有强迫意味，没有不确定的语气。

Now let the boy go.现在让男孩走。

(2) 感官动词，指的是像 see, hear, feel, smell…之类的动词，表示看到、听到、感觉到后面那件事情应该确实发生了，才能够看到或听到。

不适合采用具有不确定意味的不定词.Did you feel the desk shake? 你感到课桌摇晃了吗？4. 表示不定式to与介词to的区别不定式to，介词也拼成to，有时会造成混淆。

不定式的to带有不确定语气，后面要接原形动词；介词 to 类似 toward，表示「对、向」，后面要接名词（包括动名词）。

（1）I used to walk 3 km to school when I was a kid. （我小时候经常走三公里上学。

）（表示过去的习惯,即要去做什么）（2）I am looking forward to spending the weekend in the mountains.（我盼望到山上去过周末。

非谓语动词【不定式】非谓语动词【不定式】一不定式的作用二不定式的逻辑主语三不定式的时态和语态四省去to 的不定式三种非谓语动词形式，即不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（现在分词d oing &过去分词done）一不定式的作用1. 作主语（It + to do）不定式作句子主语的情况非常常见，通常有两种结构：（1）不定式t o do 直接放在句首的主语位置例：To l ove f or t he s ake o f b eing l oved i s h uman,but t o l ove f or t he s ake o f l oving i s a ngelic.因为被爱而爱，是人之常情；因为爱而爱，则难能可贵。

（2）不定式t o do 放在句末，而用i t 作形式主语指代句末的不定式这种情况下，又有不同结构，如①“It is +形容词+ to do”结构（此处的形式主语不能用t his 或t hat 来替换）Itis possible to give without loving,but it is impossible to love without giving.我们可以付出而不爱，但不可能爱而不付出。

②其他结构，如It takes time and efforts to master English.It is my duty to help you with English.2. 做宾语（动词+ to do）不定式作句子宾语，通常有三种可能的结构：（1）动词+ to do（句子主语和不定式逻辑主语一致）Ihope to see you again.（2）动词+疑问词+ t o d o在一些动词后，可以在连接代词（what ,which,who）或连接副词（how,when,where）及连词whether 后面接一个带t o 的不定式，可将该结构看成是连接词引导的宾语从句的简略形式。

高考英语语法：动词不定式北师大版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：高考英语语法：动词不定式动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词与副词的性质，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词、动名词。

今天我们主要讨论动词不定式。

动词不定式的根本形式是“to+动词原形〞，有时可以不带to。

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。

动词不定式仍保存动词的一些特点。

〔一〕不定式的句法功能：1. 作主语：To make a speech here is an honor.To lose heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，如上两句可用如下形式：It is an honor to make a speech here.It means failure to lose heart.常用结构： It+be+ adj. /n. + for sb. to do sth.It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.(常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc. )It’s necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English.It is foolish of you to make such a mistake. =You are foolish to make such a mistake.2. 作表语：Her wish is to become a novelist.He appears to have caught a cold.不定式一般紧跟在系动词如be, seem, remain, appear等后面,用来说明主语的内容。

2021高考英语写作专题：非谓语动词之不定式8讲言简意赅的非谓语动词(2)——不定式动词不定式是构成长句的一个重要因素。

不定式由自己的宾语、状语和补足语，组成不定式短语。

在分析句子时要把不定式短语看作一个整体。

不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。

一、不定式作主语(1)Itiseverybody’sdutytoobservethemtokeepoursocietyinorder.遵守它们(交通规那么)以保持社会秩序是每个人的责任。

(2021·江)(2)Ittakesfourtosixweekstofinishthereport.要完成这个报告会花费我四到六周的时间。

(2021·广东)(3)ItisaGREathonourformetotellyousomeinformationrelevant tothelocallife.能告诉你关于当地生活的一些相关信息是我的荣幸。

(2021·天津) (4)Wecanseethatit’snotuncommonforonelanguagetoborrow wordsfromotherlanguages.我们可以看到一种语言借用其他语言的词汇的现象很普遍。

(2021·江苏)(5)It’snotdifficultforthemtounderstandthesewordsinChinesecontexts.对他们来说，在汉语语境中理解这些词汇并不难。

(2021·江苏)二、不定式作宾语(1)IlearnedfromyourpostthatyouwanttoimproveyourMandarin.我从你的海报上得知你想提高普通话。

(2021·四川)(2)Itendtotakethe “Against〞sidefortworeasons.我倾向于支持反对方，原因有两个。

(2021·江苏)(3)Peopleneedtolearntoaccepttherealityandkeepontrying.人们需要学会接受事实，继续努力。

专题八非谓语动词重难点分析动词分两种：一、谓语动词；二、非谓语动词。

非谓语动词是高考的重点，几乎是每年的必考点。

追踪这几年高考英语可以发现，主要考查了非谓语动词的一般用法和含义，但是题目的设计注重了情景化，结构较为复杂，考生应予以重视，并下大力气掌握非谓语动词的用法。

一、非谓语动词的分类、构成与功能一览表非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定时to do,to be doing,to have done,to have beendoingto be done,to have beendone在to、动名词、分词前+not/neverfor sb. to dosth.具有名词、副词和形容词的作用，在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语、状语、宾补(在let, make, see, feel, notice等动词后作宾补时不带to)分词现在分词doing,having donebeing done,having beendone具有副词、形容词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、状语、宾补(常用在see, find, feel,keep, get, have等动词之后) 过去分词done动名词doing,having donebeing done,having beendonesb.’s doing具有名词的作用，在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语二、作宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接不定式作宾语的动词或短语hope, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happenwould like, take steps/measures/actions, make up one’s mind, try one’s best, make efforts to只接动名词作宾mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, avoid, risk, resist, consider语的动词或短语feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth,be busy, pay attention to, stick to, adapt to两者都可以意义基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue (接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)need, want, allow, require (接动名词主动形式是表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式)意义相反stop to do 停止做手中的事，去做另外一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do (指动作尚未发生)；remember/forget/regret doing (指动作已经发生)go on to do (接着做另外一件事)go on doing (接着做同一件事)try to do (设法；努力去做)try doing (试着做)mean to do (打算做；企图做)mean doing (意思是；意味着)can’t help (to) do (不能帮忙做) can’t help doing 忍不住/禁不住要做三、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别类别常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want,wish, encourage (接带to的不定式) 主谓关系；强调动作将发生或已经完成I expect them to win thegame.have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let,make, observe, listen to (接不带to的不定式)I heard him call meseveral times.现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have,feel, observe, catch (即：感官动词和使役动词)主谓关系；强调动作正在进行，尚未完成I found her listening tothe radio.过去分词动宾关系；动作已经完成，多强调状态We found the villagegreatly changed.四、现在分词和过去分词的用法对比分类项目现在分词过去分词例句意义表示主动意义表示被动意义I can hear him singing.I can hear the song sung in English.动作所表示的动作一般在进行中所表示的动作已完成China is a developing country while America is adeveloped one.语义意思为“令人……”意思为“感到……”It is an exciting match, so we are excited.五、特别提示1. 关于不定式(1) 不定式作介词宾语时，如前面有实义动词do(各种形式)，则不定式不带to；否则不能省略to。

【优化指导】2022高考英语总复习语法突破第8讲非谓语动词之动词不定式的用法感悟高考北师大版1．2022天津高考itted ______ on onefortabe______A．hed B．hodingC．be hed D．to hod解析：句意：与前一个版本厚度与重量的不同使得iae＋宾语＋形容词＋动词不定式。

分析此句式结构可知，hod与宾语i aed the cand maer if the coud mae the chocoate eaier ______ into mamunicating face­to­faceA．oing B．to be oingC．to be ot D．having ot解析：考查非谓语动词作表语。

句意：现在我们有聊天室，能传递文本信息，还可发电子邮件……但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技能。

eem后通常用动词不定式，排除A和D两项；此处非谓语动词后有名词the art of communicating face­to­face作其宾语，所以排除C项被动形式。

答案：B9．2022江西高考There were man taented actor out there ut waiting______A．to dicover B．to be dicoveredC．dicovered D．being dicovered解析：句意：在外面有许多有才华的演员等着被发现。

to be dicovered为不定式短语作目的状语。

dicover与其逻辑主语man taented actor之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且dicover 表示的动作是将要发生，故用动词不定式的被动式。

答案：B10．2022四川高考In man eted。