2017届高考英语一轮复习 学通语法 第八讲 名词和主谓一致 新人教版

主谓一致英语中主谓一致是指句中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

在做涉与主谓一致的练习时,同学们有时会觉得顾此失彼。

究其原因,往往是没有把握住主语的真正内涵,考虑不周全。

笔者对此问题作一总结,供同学们参考。

一般来说,主谓一致要遵循以下三个原如此:一、语法一致原如此主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。

(1)主语后面有as well as, with, together, along with, but, like, except, including等非并列连接性短语时, 谓语动词不受该短语中名词数的影响, 仍和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

例如:No one except two boys was late for school.There was a bill along with the parcel.The teacher as well as the students likes this painting.(2)由and或both.…and连接的名词作复合主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。

例如:The red rose and the white rose are very beautifu1.Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop.但要注意, 如果连接的两个名词表示同一概念, 即指同一个人或物时(其特征是and后的名词没有任何冠词), 如此主语表示单数意义。

例如:The secretary and principal of the schoo1 was present at the meeting.The writer and poet has decided to be on holiday in Guilin.(3)在each.…and each..., every ...and every..., no...and...后分别跟单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。

名词、数词和主谓一致一、问：本考点的命题思路是什么？答：名词、数词和主谓一致在英语语法中的地位不是特别重要，但是在高考中还是时有涉及并且试题的难度亦较大，通常以单项选择题的形式出现。

涉及的知识点包括名词的单复数、名词的所有格、名词作定语的用法、易混的名词之间的区别等多方面的用法。

例1：（2007 湖南卷）We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _________ so small that a day is unimportant.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been【答案】A 。

【题源探究】这是一道综合性考题，考查主语与谓语的一致和时态的用法。

【广角思维】该题设计的极为巧妙，看似复杂的一道试题，如果注意到了对结构的准确把握和分析，我们就明白其实这是比较简单的一道试题。

The time 是真正的主语，of days and weeks是定语，所以谓动用单数，该句的时态是一般现在时。

综上可知答案为A【易误警示】不能准确地找出主语是这类试题出错的主要原因，有的学生认定days and weeks是主语结果选了B。

【悟彻高考】主谓一致试题中主语通常和谓语被一些其它成分分隔开，这是命题的一种发展趋势，如：当主语后面跟有由as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等引导的从属结构，或跟有由as well as, in addition to ,with, along with, together with, except等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式取决主语的形式。

The ocean, as well as the gulf and the bay, provides good fishing.John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.Hugh,as well as his two sisters, is vacationing in Wyoming this summer.Some of the employees as much as the manager were responsible for the failure.My husband,more than anyone else in the family, is longing to go there again.【同类预测】主谓一致的关键在于找准主语，命题人设计问题时会做一些障碍来增加试题的难度，所以在做这一类型题时要找出真正的主语。

高考语法专题：主谓一致和特殊句式考纲新研读主谓一致主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语应该在人称和数上保持一致。

1. 动名词作主语、不定式、句子作主语和书名作主语，谓语用单数：Grow ing vegetables n eeds con sta nt wateri ng.That we have made great progress is an excit ing fact.To see is to believe.Arabia n Nights is a good book.2. and连接两个名词时，如果只有第一个名词有冠词，指的是一个人或一件事，谓语用单数；如果两个名词都有冠词，指的是两个人或两件事，谓语用复数。

如：The iron and steel works plays an importa nt part.（钢铁厂，指的是一家工厂）The iron and the steel works play an important part.（铁厂和钢厂，指的是两家工厂）A （The） sin ger and dancer is coming to visit our school.（指一个人）A （The） sin ger and a （the） dancer are comin g.（指两个人）3. 由with, but, as well as 等介词引导的名词与谓语无关。

女口：An expert, together with some stude nts, was sent to help in this work.Nobody but Xiao Li and Xiao Wang was there.He as well as we knows the secret.4. which,what引导疑问句时，句子谓语要由后面表语的单复数来决定。

如；Which is your room?Which are your rooms?What he said is correct.What he left me are a few old books.5. none作主语，谓语用单数、复数都行：None of us has got a camera.None of the books are easy eno ugh for us.6. either,neither 作主语，谓语用单数：Has either of them told you?Neither of us has gone through regular training.7. many a, more than one 作主语，谓语用单数：Many a pers on has had that kind of experie nee.More than one person has something to do with the matter.8. people,police,cattle 作主语，谓语用复数：The police are look ing for him.由意思来确定：The public in cludes you and me.The public are tired of the strike.The family is large.The family are watch ing TV now.10. Chinese,Japanese,sheep,fish,deer,means 等单数、复数同形,作主语时，谓语看实际情况：This means was discussed at the meeti ng.These means are to be discussed at the meeti ng.11. 时间、重量、长度、价值的复数当一个整体来看，作主语时，谓语用单数：Ten years was a long time.但是:Two fives are ten.There are two hours left.12. either...or, neither... nor, not on ly...but also 等作主语时，谓语就近原则：Either you or he is to do the work.Are either you or he to do the work?13. there,here 引导句子，主语不止一个时，谓语与邻近的一致：Here is a pen, and a few en velopes for you.There is a desk, two chairs and a bed in the room.14. populatio n,m ajority ,nu mber,variety 等作主语时，谓语的单、复数看意思来定：The populati on of China is larger tha n that of the USA.30 perce nt of the populati on are childre n (live in thecoun tryside).15. supply,qua ntity,t on 等词做主语时，谓语由这些词的单、复数来定：Ten tons of rice are sent to the flooded area.16. every...a nd every...;each...a nd each... 作主语时，谓语用单数：Every boy and every girl likes the film star.句型句式1. 反意疑问句，尤其是祈使句You feed the bird today, will you?2.it is/was...that... 强调句型It was here that I first met him.It is I that am fortun ate.3. 固定俗语、谚语No pains, no gains.不劳而无获。

高中英语教师辅导教案一、名词【知识主干】知识主干一、名词的分类二、名词的数可数名词的数1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police，cattle5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team,public, partyThe crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。

The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。

6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)，woods（树林）；works（工厂、作品）forces（军队），damages(损害赔偿）、pains(辛劳）7表示某国人加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men doctors不可数名词的数1、常见的不可数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。

一、数词考点一基数词１．注意几个不规则的基数词的写法。

如:eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty 等。

２．英语中的数量以三位为一个单位,一般对应阿拉伯数字的写法每三位加一个逗号,分别是thousand,million和billion。

如:ten thousand=１0,000;one hundred million=１00,000,000。

３．数词hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen,score 表示确切数目时不加—s,但若表示不确切数目时,要用复数形式,与of构成短语。

如:一万:ten thousand;成千上万的：tens of thousands of;两打鸡蛋:two dozen eggs;许多鸡蛋:dozens of eggs。

We got two hundred story—books.我们弄到了两百本故事书。

There are hundreds of people in the hall.大厅里有好几百人。

４．年代及年龄表达法表示“某人几十岁”时,用“in one’s+逢十的基数词复数”,而“十几岁”不可表示为tens,而要说成teens;表示“……世纪……年代”时,用“in the+逢十的年数后加s或’s”。

如:in his twenties 在他２0多岁时in the １990s∕１990’s 在２0世纪90年代考点二序数词１．序数词前面一般加the,多数序数词由基数词加—th构成。

如:the fifteenth;以y结尾的基数词变化时,先把y改成i,再加—eth。

如:twentieth。

注意几个不规则的序数词的写法。

如:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth等。

２．序数词常可缩写,其形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母。