The Battle of the Ants 课件

Unit 13The Battle of the AntsConsolidation ActivitiesI. Text Comprehension1. The author's purpose of writing this essay is to conclude that ________.A. ants are pitiless, barbarous, uncontrollable animalsB. man is enlightened by ant warC. Greek mythology originates in a degree from ant battleD. ant battle resembles human battle, but is at times more ferocious, savage, and resoluteKey: [ D ]2. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1). A fierce fight the author observed one day was going on between two large ants, the one red and the other black, much larger. [ T ]2). The author watched a couple that were fast locked in each other's embraces ina little river valley at noonday, prepared to fight till the sun went down, or life went out. [ F ]3). From afar the single red ant found this combat was unfair because the blacks were nearly twice the size of the red. [ T ]4). The author had no doubt that the ants had their respective musical bands playing their national anthems to excite the slow and cheer the dying combatants. [ F ]5). Having quoted Kirby and Spence, the author intends to argue that the ant battle he witnessed signifies equally any other one ever recorded in human history. [ T ]II. Writing StrategiesThis can be partly read as a descriptive satire on the brutality of war. In the capacity of the authoritative omniscient narrator, the American writer Thoreau describes vividly the battle of the ants at great length. The writer presents generaland specific descriptions of the engagement of the ants, concentrating on the cruel battle the two red ants and the huge black one engaged in. Concrete words, particularly dynamic verbs, graphic expressions and sentences, are properly employed so as to create ghastly, savage scenes of the battle.Such rhetorical devices as allusion, personification, sarcasm, metonymy, exaggeration, etc. are appropriately utilized to bring about special effects. Also, it is to be noted that the writer inserts his opinions and expresses his feelings throughout.The two questions below are worth answering:(1) What do you think of the style of the text?In the light of the words, phrases and sentences used in the text, it is not difficult to judge that the style is formal and at times satirical.(2) Which major rhetorical devices are employed in the text? Illustrate themwith examples from the text.There are various rhetorical devices employed in the story. The major ones are stated and illustrated below.1) Personification is widely used in the story. The ants, which are personified,are described as combatants. The most typical examples of personification are personal pronouns used to stand for the ants. It is made clear that the red ants represent the republicans, while the black ones stand for the "imperialists".The following are specific examples from the story: a) "The smaller red champion had fastened himself like a vice to his adversary's front, and through all the tumblings on that field never for an instant ceased to gnaw at one of his feelers near the root, having already caused the other to go by the board; while the stronger black one dashed him from side to side, and, as I saw on looking nearer, had already divested him of several of his members." b) "Neither manifested the least disposition to retreat." c) "?for he had lost none of his limbs; whose mother had charged him to return with his shield or upon it. Or perchance he was some Achilles, who had nourished his wrath apart, and had now come to avenge or rescue his Patroclus." d) "He saw this unequal combat from afar -- for the blacks were nearly twice the size of the red -- he drew near with rapid pace till he stood on his guard within half an inch of the combatants; then, watching his opportunity, he sprang upon the black warrior, and commenced his operations near the root of his right foreleg, leaving the foe to select among his own members..." e) "Holding a microscope to the first-mentioned red ant, I saw that, though he was assiduously gnawing at the near foreleg of his enemy, having severed his remaining feeler, his own breast was all torn away, exposing what vitals he had there to the jaws of the black warrior, whose breastplate wasapparently too thick for him to pierce; and the dark carbuncles of the sufferer's eyes shone with ferocity such as war only could excite." f) "They struggled half an hour longer under the tumbler, and when I looked again the black soldier had severed the heads of his foes from their bodies, and the still living heads were hanging on either side of him like ghastly trophies at his saddle-bow, still apparently as firmly fastened as ever, and he was endeavoring with feeble struggles, being without feelers, and with only the remnant of a leg, and I know not how many other wounds, to divest himself of them, which at length, after half an hour more, he accomplished." g) "I raised the glass, and he went off over the windowsill in that crippled state. Whether he finally survived that combat, and spent the remainder of his days in some Hötel des Invalides, I do not know; but I thought that his industry would not be worth much thereafter."2) Sarcasm is employed for satirical effects. Examples can be seen in the following descriptions: "And certainly there is not the fight recorded in Concord history, at least, if in the history of America, that will bear a moment's comparison with this; whether for the numbers engaged in it, or for the patriotism and heroism displayed. For numbers and for carnage it was an Austerlitz or Dresden. Concord Fight! Two killed on the patriots' side, and Luther Blanchard wounded! Why here every ant was a Buttrick —"Fire! For God's sake fire!" -- and thousands shared the fate of Davis and Hosmer. There was not one hireling there. I have no doubt that it was a principle they fought for, as much as our ancestors, and not to avoid a three-penny tax on their tea; and the results of this battle will be as important and memorable to those whom it concerns as those of the battle of Bunker Hill, at least."3) Allusions and metonymy are frequently employed in the story. The following proper nouns are used as allusions and cases of metonymy. "Myrmidons", "Achilles", "Patroclus", "Butrick", "Austerlize", "Dresden", "Davis", and "Hosmer".4) Exaggeration is employed in the text. The following are some exaggerated descriptions and statements. a) "The legions of these Myrmidons covered all the hills and vales in my wood-yard, and the ground was already strewn with the dead and dying, both red and black." b) "It was the only battle which I have ever witnessed, the only battle-field I ever trod while the battle was raging; internecine war; the red republicans on the one hand, and the black imperialists on the other." c) "I watched a couple that were fast locked in each other's embraces, in a little sunny valley amid the chips, now at noonday prepared to fight till the sun went down, or life went out." d) ?" and commenced his operations..." e) "… and the results of this battle will be as important andmemorable to those whom it concerns as those of the battle of Bunker Hill, at least."III. Language Work1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1). …and the ground was already strewn with the dead and dying.was already scattered with2). The smaller re d champion…never for an instant ceased to gnaw at one of his feelers near the root, having already caused the other to go by the board.to be knocked off/removed3). …the stronger black one…had already divested him of several of his members. had already torn off4). He drew near with rapid pace till he stood on his guard… then, watching his opportunity, he sprang upon the black warrior.cautiously assessing the situation; made a sudden attack on5). …that will bear a moment's comparison with this.can be compared, even on a very small scale, with6). I know not how many other wounds, to divest himself of them, which at length, after half an hour more, he accomplished.to remove the dead red ant heads which still clung to him2. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them.witness notice1). He never forgot the hardships he witnessed during the Great Depression of the 1930s.2). The nineteenth century witnessed a revolution in ship design and propulsion.3). You will probably notice her having difficulty swallowing. If this is the case, give her plenty of liquids.4). He noticed a wrinkle in her stocking.manifest display1). That small country displayed a kind of reluctance to cooperate with the superpower on the nuclear issue.2). Their frustration and anger will manifest itself in crying and screaming.3). Indonesia manifests an unbelievable luxuriance of insect species.4). By law all restaurants must display their prices outside the main entrances.disposition temperament1). Labrador retrievers make good pets because of their gentle disposition.2). The way in which children adapt to family routines is partly dependent on their temperament.3). She is by temperament curious about anything new.4). A recent study shows that working for too long in front of a computer may createa disposition towards a lonely character.remnant fragment1). The plane, which was full of fuel, scattered flaming fragments all over the lake.2). She read everything, digesting every fragment of the news.3). The General welcomed home the remnants of his ten thousand soldiers.4). The UN officials visited the remnants of tribes who had for centuries been the prey of their stronger neighbours.3. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.disposition obstinacy incessantly dispatch wrathassiduouslyfoe sever circumstance ghastly cripple legion1). She sometimes loses her fragile grip on reality and starts blasting away at friends and foes alike.2). The justices have been arguing about how the case should be disposed of.3). From the very first days of the reforms, the parliament kept up an incessant drumbeat of protest.4). There are those, you know, who, by circumstance, end up homeless.5). His delightful sense of humour won him a legion of friends.6). Crystal had been assiduous in learning her adopted language.7). The victory inspired him to dispatch a gleeful telegram to Roosevelt.8). He incurred the wrath of the authorities in speaking out against the government injustices.4. Make a sentence of your own for each of the given words with meanings other thanthose used in the text. You may change the part of speech of these words.1). manifestHis ability, industry, and integrity are manifest.2). crippleHe heaved his crippled leg into an easier position.3). holdIt was a difficult climb because there was hardly any hold on the steep cliff.4). rageBallrooms used to be the rage in New York.5). fastMany young people like the fast tempo of life in Shanghai.6). airsHe is a celebrity but he never puts on airs.5. Rewrite the following sentences using inversion.1). Alan not only passed the exam, but he got high scores in all the courses he had taken.Not only did Alan pass the exam, but he got high scores in all the courses he had taken.2). Our team managed to win the game through sheer luck.Only through sheer luck did our team manage to win the game.3). The manager will not, on any account, tolerate rudeness from his employees.On no account will the manager tolerate rudeness from his employees.4). She had no sooner started to speak than I sensed that something was wrong.No sooner had she started to speak than I sensed that something was wrong.5). Women should not put up with less pay for equal work any longer.No longer should women put up with less pay for equal work.6). The space between the goalkeeper and the post was not wider than a foot, but Beckham banged the ball into the back of the net.No wider than a foot was the space between the goalkeeper and the post, but Beckham banged the ball into the back of the net.7). Mark's behavior towards Susan was inexplicable, and his behavior towards Steven was just as inexplicable.Mark's behavior towards Susan was inexplicable. So was his behavior towards Steven.Or: Mark's behavior towards Susan was inexplicable. Equally inexplicable was his behavior towards Steven.8). We haven't experienced such poor service in any other restaurant we've ever been in.In no other restaurant have we experienced such poor service as in this one.9). That student held firm to the truth. He would not waver even if he was threatened with expulsion from school.That student held firm to the truth. Not even if he was threatened with expulsion from school would he waver.10). Tom had scarcely got into his office when his boss phoned him.Scarcely had Tom got into his office when his boss phoned him.Note: Inversion, as is used in grammatical analysis, refers to the process or result of syntactic change in which a specific sequence of constituents is seen as the reverse of another. In English, apart from being used in questions, inversion can also be used either to move some part of a sentence to the thematic position, i.e., the beginning of a sentence, or to postpone the new or the most important information to the end of a sentence, so as to follow the principle of end-focus.The types of inversion most commonly used in English are subject-verb inversion (e.g. Here comes the bus.) and subject-operator inversion (e.g. Under no circumstances must the switch be left on.). Some uses of inversion, such as those in questions, are grammatically obligatory, while others are grammatically optional.6. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context.In my children's lifetimes, I believe that gorillas, chimpanzees and orangutans will all become extinct. So the (1) question we have to ask ourselves is this: do we want our children to see only in zoos (2) what used to exist in nature? It is the great apes that will disappear first, because there are so few of them left,and because they are so (3) vulnerable to changes in their habitats.Many of the threats to these animals result from an increasingly global economy. The (4) threat to the orangutan in Indonesia, for example, is largely a result of deforestation. The risk to primates in Africa is a direct (5) result of the timber trade and the demand for bush meat. The two work (6) together; logging opens up the forest, which means that bush meat can be transported more quickly to London or to Kinshasa. (7) If we want to avoid the extinction scenario, people in developed nations need to take a more global perspective and accept responsibility for the damage which export crops, (8) such as timber and coffee beans, may cause to the local environment.The destruction of the environment has had a devastating effect on many vulnerable species of plants and animals. To protect the (9) rarer species, we need to act now. Tourist revenues from zoos (10) alone cannot save these primates, it will take economic and ecological balance to prevent extinction.IV. Translation1. Translating SentencesTranslate the following into English.1). 一场运动正在兴起，要求解除王室残留的君主立宪权力。

红蚂蚁和白蚂蚁打架作文英文回答：In the depths of the verdant jungle, where sunlight pierced through the emerald canopy, there existed a fierce rivalry between two formidable ant colonies: the crimson-hued red ants and the ivory-white termites. Both species possessed formidable mandibles and a legion of dedicated workers, making them relentless adversaries in the battle for territorial dominance.On a fateful day, as the sun began its descent, casting long shadows across the forest floor, a skirmish erupted. The red ants, known for their aggressive nature, launched a surprise attack on the termite colony. Their sharp mandibles tore through the chitinous exoskeletons of their victims, sending clouds of dust and debris into the air.The termites, initially caught off guard, quickly rallied under the leadership of their queen. Their smallersize and softer exoskeletons made them more vulnerable to the red ants' attacks, but they compensated with their sheer numbers. They swarmed the red ants, biting at their legs and antennae with relentless ferocity.The battle raged for hours, the forest echoing with the clash of mandibles and the cries of the dying. As darkness descended, the red ants gained the upper hand. Their greater strength and coordination allowed them to break through the termites' defenses and decimate their colony.The victory was short-lived, however. As the red ants began to feast on the remains of their adversaries, they felt the ground beneath them tremble. From the depths of the jungle emerged a massive army of black ants, ancient enemies of both the red ants and termites.Caught between two relentless foes, the red ants found themselves trapped in a desperate struggle for survival. They fought valiantly, but their numbers were dwindling. One by one, they fell to the overwhelming force of their combined opponents.In the end, only a handful of red ants escaped the carnage. They fled into the darkness, their once-proud colony reduced to a shattered memory. And so, the jungle remained in the uneasy truce between the black ants and the termites, a constant reminder of the fierce rivalry that had once torn it apart.中文回答：在葱郁的丛林深处，阳光穿透翠绿的树冠，两群强大的蚂蚁之间爆发了一场激烈的争斗，火红色的红蚂蚁和象牙色的白蚁。

TEXT1 The Battle of the AntsHenry David ThoreauPre-reading questions1.Do you enjoy watching the TV program Animal World? Why or why not?2.What similarities and differences have you found between the animal world andthe human world?1One day when I went out to my wood-pile, or rather my pile of stumps, I observed two large ants, the one red, the other much larger, nearly half aninch long, and black, fiercely wrestled and rolled on the chips incessantly.Looking farther, I was surprised to find that the chips were covered withsuch combatants, that it was not a duellum, but a bellum, a war betweentwo races of ants, the red always pitted against the black, and frequentlytwo red ones to one black. The legions of these Myrmidons covered all thehills and vales in my woodyard, and the ground was already strewn withthe dead and dying, both red and black. It was the only battle which I haveever withnessed, the only battlefield I ever trod while the battle was raging;internecine war; the red republicans on the one hand, and the blackimperialists on the other. On every side they were engaged in deadlycombat, yet without any noise that I could hear, and human soldiers neverfought so resolutely. I watched a couple that were fast locked in eachother‘s embraces, in a little sunny valley amid the chips, now at noondayprepared to fight till the sun went down, or life went out. The smaller redchampion had fastened himself like a vice to his adversary‘s front, andthrough all the tumblings on that filed never for an instant ceased to gnawat one of his feelers near the root, having already caused the other to go bythe board; while the stronger black one dashed him from side to side, and,as I saw on looking nearer, had already divested him of several of hismembers. They fought with more pertinacity than bulldogs.Neithermanifested the least disposition to retreat: It was evident that their battle-cry was ―Conquer or die.‖ In the meanwhile there came along a single redant on the hillside of this valley, evidently full of excitement, who eitherhad dispatched his foe, or had not yet taken part in the battle; probably thelatter, for he had lost none of his limbs; whose mother had charged him toreturn with his shield or upon it2. Or perchance he was some Achilles2,who had nourished his wrath apart, and had now come to avenge or rescuehis Patroclus3. He saw this unequal combat from afar—for the blacks werenearly twice the size of the red—he drew near with rapid pace till he stoodon his guard within half an inch of the combatants; then ,watching hisopportunity, he sprang upon the black warrior, and commenced hisoperations near the root of his right foreleg, leaving the foe to selectamong his own members; and so there were three united for life, as if anew kind of attraction had been invented which put all other locks andcements to shame4. I should not have wondered by this time to find thatthey had their respective musical bands stationed on some eminent chip,and playing their national airs the while5, to excite the slow and cheer thedying combatants. I was myself excited somewhat even as if they had beenmen. The more you think of it, the less the difference. And certainly thereis not the fight recorded in Concord6 history, at least, if in the history ofAmerica, that will bear a moment‘s comparison with this; whether for thenumbers engaged in it, or for the patriotism and heroism displayed. Fornumbers and for carnage it was an Austerlitz or Dresden7. Concord Fight!Two killed on the patriots‘side, and Luther Blanchard8wounded! Whyhere every ant was a Buttrick9—―Fire! For God‘s sake fire!‖—andthousands shared the fate of Davis and Homer10. There was not onehireling there11. I have no doubt that it was a principle they fought for, asmuch as our ancestors, and not to avoid a three-penny tax on their tea12;and the results of this battle will be as important and memorable to thosewhom it concerns as those of the battle of Bunker Hill13, at least.2I took up the chip on which the three I have particularly described were struggling, carried it into my house, and placed it under a tumbler onmy windowsill, in order to see the issue. Holding a microscope to thefirst-mentioned red ant, I saw that, though he was assiduously gnawing atthe near foreleg of his enemy, having severed his remaining feeler, his ownbreast was all torn away, exposing what vitals he had there to the jaws ofthe black warrior, whose breastplate was apparently too thick for him topierce; and the dark carbuncles of the sufferer‘s eyes shone with ferocitysuch as war only could excite. They struggled half an hour longer underthe tumbler, and when I looked again the black soldier had severed theheads of his foes from their bodies, and the still living heads were hangingon either side of him like ghastly trophies at his saddle-bow, stillapparently as firmly fastened as ever, and he was endeavoring with feeblestruggles, being without feelers, and with only the remnant of a leg, and Iknow not how many other wounds, to divest himself of them, which atlength, after half an hour more, he accomplished. I raised the glass, and hewent off over the windowsill in that crippled state. Whether he finallysurvived that combat, and spent the remainder of his days in some Hoteldes Invalides14, I do not know; but I thought that his industry would not beworth much thereafter. I never learned which party was victorious, nor thecause of the war, but I felt for the rest of that day as if I had my feelingsexcited and harrowed by witnessing the struggle, the ferocity and carnage,of a human battle before my door.3Kirby and Spence15tell us that the battles of ants have long been celebrated and the date of them recorded, though they say that Huber is theonly modern author who appears to have witnessed them. ―AeneasSylvius16,‖say they, ―after giving a very circumstantial account of onecontested with great obstinacy by a great and small species on the trunk ofa pear tree,‖adds that ― ‗this action was fought in the pontificate ofEugenius the Fourth17, in the presence of Nicholas Pistoriensis, an eminentlawyer, who related the whole history of the battle with the greatestfidelity.‘ A similar engagement between great and small ants is recorded byOlaus Magnus18, in which the small ones, being victorious, are said tohave buried the bodies of their own soldiers, but left those of their giantenemies a prey to the birds. This event happened previous to the expulsionof the tyrant Christian the Second from Sweden19.‖The battle which Iwitnessed took place in the Presidency of Polk20, five years before thepassage of Webster‘s Fugitive-Slave Bill21.1,182 wordsGLOSSARYStump gnawChip feelerCombatant dashDuellum divestBellum pertinacityPit bulldogLegion battle-cryMyrmidon dispatchVale limbWoodyard perchanceStrew nourishRage wrathInternecine avengeResolutely commenceVice forelegTumbling cementHeroism ghastlyCarnage trophyHireling saddle-bowWindowsill remnantAssiduously harrowVitals circumstantialJaw obstinacyBreastplate pontificatePierce fidelityCarbuncle expulsion1.About the author Thoreau, Henry David(1817-1862), was an American writer,philosopher, and naturalist who believed in the importance of individualism.Thoreau‘s best-know work is Walden; or Life in the woods (1854), which embodies his philosophy and reflects his independent character. The book records Thoreau‘s experiences in a hand-built cabin, where he spent two years in partial seclusion, at Walden Pond near Concord, Massachusetts. The current text is taken from this book.2.…whose mother had charged him to return with his shield or upon it(Paragraph1) …whose mother had told him either to fight bravely and return intact, or to fight to death and return lying on the shield.3.Or perchance he was some Achilles, who had nourished his wrath apart, and hadnow come to avenge or rescue his Patroclus(Paragraph1) In Greek mythology, Patroclus was dearest friend of the hero Achilles whom he accompanied to the Trojan War. Later in the war, Achilles withdrew his troops, the Myrmidons, from combat because of quarrel with Agamemnon, commander of the Greek forces.Soon after Patroclus led the Greek army to victory over the Trojons, he was slain by the Trojon commander, Hector. To avenge his fried‘s death,Achilles rejoined the battle and killed Hector.4.…and commenced his operations near the root of his right foreleg, leaving the foeto select among his own members; and so there were three united for life, as if a new kind of attraction had been invented which put all other locks and cements to shame.(Paragraph1)…then started his attacks at the root of the black ant‘s right front leg, leaving the enemy to choose to use the rest of his legs for the confrontation; at a result, the thereof them, fighting for survival, were so tightly locks and cements were almost nothing.5.playing their national airs the while (Paragraph1) playing their own tribalmelody to cheer up their soldiers during this time of combat.6.Concord(Paragraph1) a town of eastern Massachusetts on the Concord Riverwest-northwest of Boston. An early battle of the Revolutionary War was fought here on April 19,1775. In the 19th century the town was noted as an intellectual and literary center.7.Austerlitz or Dresden(Paragraph1) Austerlitz is a town of southernCzechoslovakia. Nearby, on December2,1805,Napoleon decisively defeated the Russian and Austrian armies were all present on the field, the Battle of Austerlitz is sometimes called the Battle of the Three Emperors. Dresden is a city of east-central Germany on the Elbe River east-southeast of Leipzig. Napoleon won his last major military success here in 1813.8.Luther Blanchard(Paragraph1) On Apirl19,1775,in the town of Acton, whileattempting to stop the British from crossing a bridge to the other side of the town, Luther Blanchard, a member of the Acton Minute Men Company, was wounded and captured.9.Buttrick(Paragraph1) John Buttrick was Major of the Acton Minute mencompany, who exclaimed the order ―Fire! For God‘s sake. Fire!‖at the North Bridge battle in the town of Acton on April19,1775.10.Davis and Hosmer(Paragraph1) Isaac Davis was Captain of his Acton MinuteMen Company, and Abner Hosmer was a private in it. Both were present at theNorth Bridge battle in the town of Acton on April 19,1775 and were killed. See also Note 8 above.11.There was not one hireling there(Paragraph1) The term hireling refers to soldiers,often from Germany, who fought for the British for pay during the War of Revolution.12.a three-penny tax on their tea(Paragraph1) the three-penny duty on imported teafrom Britain by the East India Company in the 1770s, which the Americans were opposed to13.Bunker Hill(Paragraph1) the place where the famous Battle of Bunker Hill wasfought on June17,1775,the first large-scale engagement of the American Revolution, which is believed to have strengthened the spirit of resistance throughout the rebelling colonies.14.Hotel des Invalides (Paragraph2) The Hotel des Invalides, built under thedirection lf Louis XIV in the 1670s in the center of Paris, is now resided by the Musée de 1‘Armée,a military museum, and the Musée des Plans-Reliefs, a museum in Paris, whose unique collection of models presents fortresses, towns, and natural settings from the 17th to 19th century; adjacent, the gilded dome of the Dome Church dominates the skyline. A place for soldiers to recuperate after the war.15.Kirby, William and William Spence(Paragraph3) authors of An Introduction toEntomology: or elements of the natural history of Insects which was published in 1815-182616.Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini(Paragraph3) poet laureate and imperial secretary toFrederick III of the Holy Roman Empire, apostolic secretary to two popes and an anti-pope, Bishop of Trieste and of Siena, Cardinal-Presbyter of S.Sabina, and at last Pope PiusII17.Eugenius the Fourth(Paragraph3) (1383-February23,1447) pope fromMarch3,1431 to his death18.Olaus Magnus, or Magni(Paragraph3) reported as born in October 1490 inLinkoping, and died on August1,1557, was a Swedish ecclesiastic and writer, who did pioneering work for the interest of Nordic people.19.Christian the Second from Sweden (Paragraph3) 1481-1559, king of Denmarkand Norway(1513-1523) and Sweden(1520-1523): in 1523 the nobles rebelled, deposed him from the throne. He was imprisoned until his death.20.Presidency of Polk(Paragraph3) James Polk, 1795-1849, born in Mekelinburg,North Carolina, was President of the United States between 1845-1849.21.Fugitive-Slave Bill(Paragraph3) the federal acts of 1793 and 1850 in U.S.history, providing for the return between states of escaped black slavesT ext comprehensionI. The author’s purpose of writing this essay is to conclude that . A. ants are pitiless, barbarous, uncontrollable animalsB. man is enlightened by the ant warC. Greek mythology originates in a degree from ant battleD. ant battle resembles human battle, but far more ferocious, savage,and resoluteII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statemengts are true or false.1. A fierce fight the author observed one day was going on between two large ants,the one red and the other black, much larger.2.The author watched a couple that were fast locked in each other‘s embraces ina little river valley at noonday, prepared to fight till the sun went down, or lifewent out.3.From afar the single red ant found this combat was unfair because the blackswere nearly twice the size of the red.4.The author had no doubt that the ants had their respective musical bandsplaying their national anthems to excite the slow and cheer the dying combatants.5.Having quoted Kirby and Spence, the author intends to argue that the ant battlehe witnessed signifies equally any other one ever recorded in human history. III. Answer the following questions.1.How were the two ants contending fiercely with one another?2.What was the author surprised to find?3.How did the ant war strike the author?4.What made it evident that the battle-cry of two rival ants who were fastlocked in each other‘s embraces was ―conquer or die‖?5.In what way was the single red ant some Achilles?6.Why was the three-ant-battle comparable to Austerlitz or Dresden accordingto the author?7.Pick out from the second paragraph the expressions to depict the ferocity andcarnage of the ant war.\IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1.The legions of these Myrmidons covered all the hills and vales in mywoodyard, and the ground was already strewn with the dead and dying, bothred and black.2.Perchance he was some Achilles, who had nourished his wrath apart, andhad now come to avenge or rescue his Patroclus.3.There were three united for life, as if a new kind of attraction had beeninvented which put all other locks and cements to shame.W riting strategiesThis is a descriptive satire on the brutal party struggle that had been raging when the writer wrote the essay. In the capacity of the authoritative omniscient narrator, the American writer Thoreau describes vividly the battle of the ants at great length. The writer presents general and specific the huge black one engaged in. Concrete words, particularly dynamic verbs, graphic expressions and sentences, are properly employed so as to create ghastly, savage scenes of the battle. Such rhetorical devices as allusion, personification, sarcasm, metonymy exaggeration, etc. are appropriately utilized to bring about special effects. Also, it is to be noted that the writer inserts his opinions and expresses his feelings t hroughout.The two questions below are worth answering:⑴What do you think of the style of the text?⑵Which major rhetorical devices are employed in the text? Illustrate them with examples from the text.L anguage workI. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.1. ... and the ground was already strewn with the dead and dying.2. The smaller red champion…never for an instant ceased to gnaw at one of hisfeelers near the root, having already caused the other to go by the board.3. … the stronger black one…had already divested him of several of his members.4. He drew near with rapid pace till he stood on his guard…; then, watching hisopportunity, he sprang upon t he black warrior.5. … that will bear a moment’s comparison with this.6.I know now how many other wounds, to divest himself of them, which at length,after half an hour more, he accomplished.II. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them. WITNESS NOTICE1. He never forgot the hardships he during the Great Depression of the 1930s.2.The nineteenth century a revolution in ship design and propulsion.3. You will probably her having difficulty swallowing. If this is the case, giveher plenty of liquids.4.He a wrinkle in her stocking.MANIFEST DISPLAY1. That small country a kind of reluctance to cooperate with the superpoweron the nuclear issue.2. Their frustration and anger will itself in crying and screaming.3. Indonesia an unbelievable luxuriance of insect species.4. By law all restaurants must their prices outside the main entrances.DISPOSITION TEMPERAMENT1. Labrador retrievers make good pets because of their gentle .2.The way in which children adapt to family routines is partly dependent ontheir .3. She is by curious about anything new.4.A recent study shows that working for too long n front of a computer may create atowards a lonely character.REMNANT FRAGMENT1. The plane, which was full of fuel, scattered flaming all over the lake.2. She read everything, digesting every of the news.3. The General welcomed home the of his ten thousand soldiers.4. The UN officials visited the of tribes who had for centuries been the prey oftheir stronger neighbours.III. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.Disposition obstinacy incessantly dispatchWrath assiduously foe severCircumstantial ghastly cripple legion1. She sometimes loses her fragile grip on reality and starts blasting away at friendsand alike.2. The justices have been arguing about how the case should be of.3. From the very first days of the reforms, the parliament kept up a(n) drumbeatof protest.4. There are those, you know, who, by , end up homeless.5. His delightful sense of humour won him a of friends.6. Crystal had been in learning her adopted language.7. The victory inspired him to a gleeful telegram to Roosevelt.8. He incurred the of the authorities in speaking out against the government injustices.IV.Make a sentence of your own for each of the given words with meanings other than those used in the text. You may change the part of speech of these words.1.manifest2.cripple3.hold4.rage5.fast6.airsV. Rewrite the following sentences using inversion.1. Alan not only passed the exam, but he got high scores in all the courses he hadtaken.2.Our team managed to win the game through sheer luck.3. The manager will not, on any account, tolerate rudeness from his employees.4. She had no sooner started to speak than I sensed that something was wrong.5. Women should not put up with less pay for equal work any longer.6. The space between the goalkeeper and the post was not wider than a foot, butBeckham banged the ball into the back of the net.7.Mark‘s behavior towards Susan was inexplicable, and his behavior towards Steven was just as inexplicable.8. We haven‘t experienced such poor service in any other restaurant we‘ve ever beenin.9. That student held firm to the truth. He would not waver even if he was threatenedwith expulsion from school.10. Tom had scarcely got into his office when his boss phoned him.VI. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context.In my children‘s lifetimes, I believe that gorillas, chimpanzees and orangutans will all become extinct. So th e⑴we have to ask ourselves is this: do we want our children to see only in zoo s⑵used to exist in nature? It is the great apes that will disappear first, because there are so few of them left, and because they are so⑶to change in their habitats.Many of the threats to there animals result from an increasing global economy. The⑷to the orangutan in Indonesia, for example, is largely a result of deforestation. The risk to primates in Africa is a direct⑸of the timber trade and the demand for bush meat. The two work⑹; logging opens up the forest, which means that bush meat can be transported more quickly to London or to Kinshasa.⑺we want to avoid the extinction scenario, peole in developednations need to take a more global perspective and accept responsibility for the damage which export crops,⑻as timber and coffee beans, may cause to the local environment.The destruction of the environment has had a devastating effect on many vulnerable species of plants and animals. To protect the⑼species, we need to act now. tourist revenues from zoos⑽cannot save these primates, it will take economic and ecological balance to prevent extinction.I.Translate each of the following sentences into English,using the words or expressions given in brackets.1.一场运动正在兴起，要求解除王室残留的君主立宪权利。

Module 6 War and Peacedule 6 ar and PeaeI．教学内容分析本模块以“ar and Peae”为话题。

内容涉及二战中的诺曼底登陆、德国闪电战等背景知识，引导学生学会对战争类影片进行评论，认识到联合国维和部队等重要国际组织在维护世界和平上所起的作用。

学生通过本模块学习，可以深刻了解战争的残酷性，认识和平的重要性。

Intrdutin列举了几位名人对于“战争与和平”的见解，让学生对其进行讨论，从而形成关于“战争与和平”的正确观点。

然后通过历史知识问答的形式引导学生进入下一步的学习环节。

Vabular an~：Reading部分由对诺曼底登陆战役的局部描述和诺曼底登陆60周年纪念的报道组成，通过完成相关练习训练学生的阅读技巧，并使学生充分认识到诺曼底登陆战役对于欧洲反法西斯战争的重要作用。

Graar通过回答问题的形式继续学习虚拟语气。

Listening部分让学生首先阅读一篇有关“德国闪电战”的，获得相关背景知识，然后听一段亲历“闪电战”人士的采访录音，完成相关练习，培养学生获取听力信息的能力。

Funtin部分让学生学会描述过去的事情，并通过拓展性练习进行巩固。

Reading and riting部分首先要求学生阅读一篇1岁外国少年写的关于《拯救大兵瑞恩》的影评并回答相关问题；然后通过分析影评的构成要素，让学生学写一篇类似题材的影评。

Speaing部分让学生以小组活动的形式，讨论三种有关战争题材电影的观点，使学生对此类题材的电影有正确认识。

Everda English要求学生学习个出现在听力材料中的重要表达，明确它们的具体意思。

ultural rner通过阅读有关联合国维和部队的，使学生明白其成立的目的，以及在维护世界和平中发挥的作用。

Tas要求学生就战争的成因发表看法，探讨国际间维护和平的途径；在讨论的基础上写一篇有关战争形成原因或如何维护世界和平的。

dule File归纳了本模块的词汇、语法、句型和日常用语，帮助学生归纳总结，提高其自我检验和自学的能力。

Unit 16 The Battle of the AntsI. Teaching Objectives1.Understanding and appreciation of the text2.Understanding the structure of the text3.Mastery of the main figures of speech in the text4.Understanding the cultural background of the text5.Understanding the characteristics of descriptive satire.II. The cultural background and the biographic sketches of Henry David Thoreau.1.The Battle of Lexington and ConcordThe Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The first shots starting the revolution were fired at Lexington, Massachusetts. On April 18, 1775, British General Thomas Gage sent 700 soldiers to destroy guns and ammunition the colonists had stored in the town of Concord, just outside of Boston. They also planned to arrest Samuel Adams and John Hancock, two of the key leaders of the patriot movement.British troops were sent to Concord to capture John Hancock and Samuel Adams, but both men had been warned about the British attack. The night of April 18th, Paul Revere rode through Concord warning everybody about the British attack. So when the British came in to take and attack the Rebels, the Minutemen, Americans who were “ready to fight in a minute," were waiting to attack at Lexington. They were called Minutemen because they needed to be prepared to fight on a minute notice. The Americans were withdrawing when someone fired a shot, and the British troops started to fire at the Minutemen. The British then charged with bayonets. Nobody knows who shot first."Don't fire unless fired upon. But if they want a war let it begin here" said Captain John Parker, commander of the Minutesmen.The British killed many Minutemen and wounded many more in this Battle at Lexington. The rest of the Minutemen scattered into the woods.After this fight, the British found out that Hancock and Adams had escaped. So the British marched towards Concord looking for ammunition. As the British went to look at a nearby farm for weapons, they ran into a group of minutemen at Concord's North Bridge. There was a big fight, and the Minutemen made the British retreat. The Minutemen tried not to let the British retreat, but the retreat was successful.The Battles of Lexington and Concord were battles that took many lives. By the end of the day, British troops had lost 273 soldiers, while the Colonists lost only 94. 18 of these Colonists had died during the battle at Lexington. The Revolutionary War had begun.2.The town of ConcordTown (1990 pop. 17,076), Middlesex co., E Mass., a high-income suburb of Boston, on the Concord River. Concord has many old houses, some opened as memorials to noted occupants—Emerson, the Alcotts, Hawthorne, and Thoreau—who made the town an important intellectual and literary center (see transcendentalism) in the quarter century preceding the Civil War.3.Henry David ThoreauHenry David Thoreau (born David Henry Thoreau; July 12, 1817 –May 6, 1862) (pronounced like the word thorough, with emphasis on the first syllable) was an American author, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, and leading transcendentalist. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.Thoreau's books, articles, essays, journals, and poetry total over 20 volumes. Among his lasting contributions were his writings on natural history and philosophy, where he anticipated the methods and findings of ecology and environmental history, two sources of modern day environmentalism. His literary style interweaves close natural observation, personal experience, pointed rhetoric, symbolic meanings, and historical lore, while displaying a poetic sensibility, philosophical austerity, and "Y ankee" love of practical detail. He was also deeply interested in the idea of survival in the face of hostile elements, historical change, and natural decay; at the same time he advocated abandoning waste and illusion in order to discover life's true essential needs.He was a lifelong abolitionist, delivering lectures that attacked the Fugitive Slave Law while praising the writings of Wendell Phillips and defending abolitionist John Brown. Thoreau's philosophy of civil disobedience influenced the political thoughts and actions of such later figures as Leo Tolstoy, Mohandas Gandhi, and Martin Luther King, Jr.4.TranscendentalismTranscendentalism is an American literary, political, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century, centered around Ralph Waldo Emerson. Other important transcendentalists were Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, Amos Bronson Alcott, Frederic Henry Hedge, and Theodore Parker. Stimulated by English and German Romanticism, the Biblical criticism of Herder and Schleiermacher, and the skepticism of Hume, the transcendentalists operated with the sense that a new era was at hand. They were critics of their contemporary society for its unthinking conformity, and urged that each person find, in Emerson's words, “an original relation to the universe”. Emerson and Thoreau sought this rel ation in solitude amidst nature, and in their writing. By the 1840s they, along with other transcendentalists, were engaged in the social experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden; and, by the 1850s in an increasingly urgent critique of American slavery.Among the transcendentalists' core beliefs was the inherent goodness of both man and nature. Transcendentalists believed that society and its institutions - particularly organized religion and political parties - ultimately corrupted the purity of the individual. They had faith that man is at his best when truly "self-reliant" and independent. It is only from such real individuals that true community could be formed.III. Text Comprehension Questions1.What do you think is the purpose of the writer of this satire?2.Find some examples from the text that illustrate the bloody battle scenes?3.What do you know about the nature of the war between the two races of ants4.Can you find some examples in paragraph 1 that show the writer’s judgments based onhis own observationsIV. Text analysis1. setting: One day; wood-pile2. characters:Two red ants and one large black ant3. plot—the development of the war between two red ants and one black ant4. theme(s):5. tone:6. techniques:a. rhetorical devices:.b. detailed descriptionc. irony, imagery。

蚂蚁大战一天，我出门到我的木材堆去，更准确的说，堆树根之处，我瞥见两只蚂蚁，一只红的，另一只是黑的。

后者比前者大得多，差不多有半英寸之长。

两只蚂蚁缠斗不休。

一交上手，谁也不退却，推搡着，撕咬着，在木片上翻滚起伏。

放眼远望，我惊叹不已，木材堆上到处都有这样奋力厮杀的勇士，看来不是单挑决斗，而是一场战争，两个蚂蚁王国的大决战。

红蚂蚁与黑蚂蚁势不两立，通常是两红对一黑。

木材堆上都是这些能征善战的弥尔弥冬军团。

地上躺满已死和将死者，红黑混杂一片。

这是我亲眼目睹的唯一一场大决战，我亲临激战的中心地带。

相互残杀的恶战啊，红色的共和党和帝王派展开你死我活的拼杀，虽没听到声声呐喊，但是人类之战却从未如此奋不顾身。

在一片阳光照射下的木片“小山谷”中，一对武士相互死死抱住对方，现在正是烈日当空，它们准备血拼到底，或魂归天国。

那精瘦的红色斗士像老虎钳一样紧紧咬住死敌的额头不放。

尽管双方在战场上滚来滚去，但红色斗士却一刻不停地噬住对手的一根触须的根部，另一根触须已被咬断。

而胖大的斗士举起对手撞来撞去。

我凑近观战，发现红蚂蚁的躯体好些已被咬掉，它们比斗犬厮杀更惨烈。

双方斗不让分毫，显然他们的战争信念是“不战胜，毋宁死”。

在小山谷顶上出现一个荷戟独彷徨的红蚂蚁，看来它斗志正盛，不是已击毙一个对手，就是刚刚投入战场---根据我分析是后者，因为它还没有缺胳膊少腿。

它的母亲要它举着盾牌凯旋而归，或躺在盾牌上由战友抬回故里。

也许它是阿喀琉斯的一员猛将，独在热火朝天的战场外生闷气，现在来救生死之交的帕特洛克罗斯了，或者为这位不幸战死的亡友来报仇雪恨，它从远处瞅见这场势不均力不敌的搏斗-----黑蚂蚁比红蚂蚁庞大近一倍-----它奔驰过来，离开那对生死之博的战斗者约半英寸处，看准战机，奋不顾身地扑向黑武士，一下咬住对方的前腿根，不管对手会在自己身上哪一块反咬一口；三个战斗者为了生存粘在一起，好像已经产生出一种新的粘胶剂，让任何锁链和水泥相形见绌。