基英翻译整合

Unit 1Into English1.给这个词下定义to define the word2.反感这种对待to resent the treatment3.使学生沮丧to frustrate the students4.宣战to declare the war5.对结果做出评估to evaluate the result6.履行义务to perform the obligation7.缩小差距to narrow the gap8.扩大业务to expand the business9.陈述事实to present the factsInto Chinese1.realize one’s strengths and weaknesses认识自己的优缺点2.enter the work world 进入职场3.learn to handle one’s personal finances学会管理个人财务4.have excessive need for parental approval 凡事都要父母认同5.project our future roles as men or women 规划我们未来的社会性别角色6.internalize religious faith, value and morals 逐步培养和建立自己的宗教信仰、道德和价值观念7.learn to choose one’s wardrobe学习穿衣之道8.establish one’s identity确立个人身份9.question and rebel against old ideas 怀疑并反抗旧观念10.defy and challenge authority 反抗权威，挑战权威句子翻译1）.He is so devoted to his research that the idea that he will soon have to retire never occurs to him.2). Many people have observed that, without effective checks, we have a tendency toabuse our power.3). Some countries refuse to get involved in this dispute and they resent any foreigninterference.4). The control of the sand storms involves a tremendous amount of work and money.5). You have to take into consideration the local conditions when you apply thesetechnologies. 6). All applicants will have to fill out this form and mail in an application fee of 50 dollars.7). Based on his careful observation of children’s behavior he came to the conclusionthat learning is a natural pleasure.8). In a country of many nationalities, ethnic harmony requires very careful handling.9). The government is determined to punish all the corrupt officials involved.10). Cheating at exams does not occur very often. But when it does, the school takes avery tough position. 5. Fill in the blanks with the most课后段落翻译We are not unlike a particularly hardy crusacean.The lobster grows by developing and shedding a series of hard, protective shells. Each time it expands from within, the confining shell must be sloughed off. It is left exposed and vulnerable until, in time , a new covering grows to replace the old.我们人类成长的过程与海里的虾蟹颇相似。

汉译英的合并译法我们在英语翻译过程中会常遇见一些长难句，这个时候就需要一些具体的方法来解决它们。

汉译英时，往往必须先找出主谓框架树起主干，然后将各种关系词、短语（介词短语、名词短语）、附加成分（同位语、插入语）、分词结构、从句（定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句）等添加到主干，使树木枝繁叶茂。

翻译汉语的多个分句时，注意分析各个分句之间的逻辑关系，确定好主从关系，采用恰当的方式进行连接。

如：我们必须抓住新的机遇，迎接新的挑战，采取更加有力的措施，以更为积极地姿态扩大对外开放，力争对外贸易和吸收外资有新的增长。

译：We must seize new opportunities and meet new challenges.We must open ourselves wider to the outside world more actively,and take more effective measures to expand foreign trade and absorb more foreign funds.点评：本句包含5个小分句：我们必须抓住新的机遇（1），迎接新的挑战（2），采取更加有力的措施（3），以更为积极地姿态扩大对外开放（4），力争对外贸易和吸收外资有新的增长（5）。

分析各个分句之间的逻辑关系，可以发现（1）和（2）是并列关系，添加and进行连接，（3）和（4）是并列关系，（5）是其目的，因此，着三个分句连为一体，（3)and(4)to(5)。

当然，这两个部分之间还存在着总和分的关系前两句说得比较笼统，后三句说明了具体的措施和做法，英语句子体现具体信息的部分往往可以利用分词结构表达，所以本句还有一种译法：We must seize new opportunities and meet new challenges，opening ourselves wider to the outside world more actively,and taking more effective measures to expand foreign trade and absorb more foreign funds.以上就是汉译英中合并翻译的具体步骤，希望这种合并翻译方法能够帮助你更好的解决翻译过程中遇到的长难句，翻译出更理想的文章。

1.1 我安排他们在小酒吧见面，但那个小伙子一直都没有来。

（turn up）I had arranged for them to meet each other at the pub but the young man never turned up.1.2 你无法仅凭表象判断形势是否会变得对我们不利。

(tell from appearance)You can’t tell merely from appearance whether things will turn out unfavorable to us or not.1.3 那个士兵每次打仗都冲锋在前，从而赢得了国家最高的荣誉。

(stand in the gap)The soldier, who stood in the gap in every battle, gained the highest honors of the country.1.4 主席讲话很有说服力，委员会其他成员都听从他的意见。

（yield to）The chairman spoke so forcefully that the rest of the committee yielded to his opinion.1.5 他们现在生活富裕了，但也曾经历坎坷。

（ups and downs）They are well-to-do now, but along the way they had their ups and downs.1.6 这次演讲我将说明两个问题。

（address oneself to）There are two questions to which I will address myself in his lecture.1.7 我们正筹划为你举办一次盛大的圣诞聚会。

（in somebody’s honour）We are planning a big Christmas party in your honour.1.8 听到那个曲子，我回想起了儿童时代。

文档包括本单元需掌握的重、难点；听力文本补充词语（warm-up）文中词语释义Reading I 译文练习答案：句子翻译参考答案望同学们多复习，多看看！1. Cognitive Information（认知信息): Business Ownership2. Language Focus（内容重点)—Key Words: proprietorship, corporation, debt, legal, formality, specify, dissolve, withdrawal, dividend, conglomerate, assets, utility— Phrases: start with，close down，run out of, consist of, in most cases, be liable for, account for, be subject to, have advantages over, go into debt, no more than, in the extent of3. Communicative Skills（交际技能)—Expressions: Expressions of ―Asking or Offering favors‖Lead- in (listening exercises) 听力文本Passage Script 1There are basically three types or forms of business ownership structures for new small businesses:Sole proprietorship is a business owner and operated by a single individual – and the most common form of business structure in the US, accounting for 74% of all US businesses and 6% of all sales in the US. The advantages with a sole proprietorship include ease and low cost of formation- simply announcing you are in business and requesting any licenses and permits you may need; use of profits—since all profits from the business belong exclusively to you, the owner; flexibility and control—you make all the decisions and direct the entire business operations; very little government regulations; secrecy; and ease of ending the business. There are disadvantages, however, including unlimited liability——all business debts are personal debts, meaning you could lose everything you own if the business fails or loses a major lawsuit; limited sources of financing ---- based on your creditworthiness; limited skills ---- the sole proprietor really must be a ―jack-of-all-trades‖, part manager, marketer, accountant, etc.; and limited lifespan---the business ends when the owner dies.Passage Script 2Partnership is a business that is owned and operated by tow or more people---and the least used form of business organization in the US, accounting for 8% of all US businesses and 4% of all sales in the US. There are two basic forms of partnership: general and limited. In a general partnership, all partners have unlimited liability, while in a limited partnership, at least one partner has liability limited only to his orher investment while at least one other partner has full liability. The advantages of a partnership include ease of organization---simply creating the Articles of Partnership; combined knowledge and skills---using the strengths of each partner for better business decision---making; greater availability of financing; and very little government regulations. There are disadvantages, however, including unlimited liability---- all business debts are personal debts; reconciling partner disagreements and action---each partner is responsible for the actions of all the others; sharing of profits---- all money earned has to be shared and distributed to the partners per the Articles of Partnership; and limited lifespan ----- the partnership ends when a partner dies or withdraws.Warm-up古玩珠宝店antiques and jewelry shop香烟店（摊）cigarette shop (stall)售报亭newspaper and magazine stand 茶馆tea house理发店barber's shop (hairdresser's) 洗澡堂bath house旅店/旅馆inn/ hotel 邮局post office文具店stationer's (stationery shop)日用杂货店daily-use sundry goods shop炊事用具商店cooking utensils shop家用器具商店household utensils shop五金商店metal products shop 家具店furniture shop眼镜店eyeglasses store 玻璃礼品店glass gifts store食品杂货（副食品）店grocery 酱园sauce and pickles shop肉店meat (butcher's) shop 酒店wine shop水产店aquatic products shop 家禽店fowl shop豆腐店beancurd shop 烤肉店roast meat shop卤味店sauced meat shop 饮食店food and drink shop1.OwnershipOwnership is the state or fact of exclusive possession or control of something, which may be an object or some kind of property. Ownership is self-propagating: If an object is owned by someone, any additional goods produced by using that object will also be owned by the same person. Thus, the more a person can own or acquire through money, the more he or she will generate other things to be owned by him or her. Ownership is central to and facilitates the development of social systems.Ownership existing in China: state-owned, private ownership, public ownership, individual ownership, collective ownership, joint venture, foreign enterprise…Key words and phrases1. proprietorship n. 所有权proprietor／proprietress: n. 所有人; 业主; 老板newspaper proprietors 报纸的老板们e.g. I’ve written a complaint to the proprietor of the hotel.2. corporation n. (有限)公司; 法人; 社团e.g. Mary works for a large American corporation.a multinational corporation 跨国公司the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)英国广播公司corporate1) a. 团体的; 全体的e.g. corporate responsibility 集体责任2) a. 公司的; 法人的e.g. corporate image 法人形象corporate culture 公司文化3. debt n. 债, 债务, 负债的情况; 还债的义务, 恩情e.g. a debt of 100 yuanpay one’s debt 还债We owe you a debt of gratitude for your help.承蒙帮助，不胜感激。

基英-翻译-期末Unit One1.通过很多热心人士的努力，庆祝仪式的资金准备就绪了。

（in place）Money is in place for the ceremony through many warm-hearted people’s efforts.2.因为你很可靠，所以我愿意向你诉说心里话。

(pour out one’s heart)I am willing to pour out my heart to you because you are reliable.3.虽然汤姆上个月才大学毕业，但是他工作起来和熟练工人一样好。

(as well as) Although Tom graduated from college a month ago, he worked as well as a skilled worker.4.我们向人们介绍可持续发展如何与我们的日常生活紧密相连，而且希望这个概念能够深入人心。

(take root in)We explain to people how “sustainable development” is closely linked with our everyday life and hope that this concept can take root in our community.5. 在战争爆发两年之后，这两个兄弟把他们的感受毫无拘束地说了出来。

(open up)The two brothers opened up about their feelings two years after war broke out.1.Nevertheless, friendship is an essential ingredient in the making of a healthy, rewarding life.然而，友谊是拥有健康而有意义的人生所必需的组成部分。

基英近义词基英近义词、形近词1) Object objectiveObject: a thing that can be seen and touched, but is not alive 物体；物品；东西Eg: everyday/household objects 日常／家庭用品Objective: something that you are trying to achieve目标；目的Eg: the main objective2) Acquire inquire requireAcquire:①to gain sth by your own efforts, ability or behavior (通过努力、能力、行为表现) 获得、得到Eg: She has acquired a good knowledge of English.②to obtain sth by buying or being given it 购得；获得；得到Eg: The company has just acquired new premises.Inquire: to ask sb for some information 询问；打听Eg: I called the station to inquire about train times.Require:①to need sth to depend on sth／sb 需要；依靠；依赖Eg: These pets require a lot of care and attention.②re quire sth (of sb ) to make sb do or have sth especially because it is necessary according to a particular law or set of rules 使做某事；使拥有某物；（指根据法规）规定Eg: The wearing of seat belts is required by law.3) Believe entrust trustBelieve：相信，认为真实；认定，看作；（把某事）当真，认为有可能believe in somebody、something believe something of somebodyEntrust：委托，交托，托付Trust：相信，信任，信赖（某人的善良，真诚等）trust insomebody、something 相信，信任，信赖trust to sth 依靠，依赖（运气、机会等）4) Pay place repay replacePay：付费，付酬，交纳，偿还，付代价，遭受惩罚Place：（小心或有意）放置，安放Repay：①归还，偿还，清偿（债务，贷款）②酬报，报答③值得Replace：①代替，取代②（用…）替换，（以…）接替（位置）③更换，更新④把…放回原处5) Anxious eager(ly)Anxious：焦虑，忧虑，担心，害怕，令人焦虑的，渴望；非常渴望be anxious to do sth ,be anxious for sb to do sth ,be anxious for sth be anxious thatEager(ly)：渴望的，热切的，渴求的be eager for sth ;be eager to do sth6) Laugh mock ridicule teaseLaugh: 嘲笑，讥笑，取笑laugh at sb,sthMock：嘲笑；（尤指模仿）嘲弄Ridicule：嘲笑，奚落，讥笑to make sb \sth look silly by laughing at them or it in an unkind wayTease:①laugh at sb and make jokes about them either in a friendly way or in order to annoy or embarrass them 取笑，戏弄，揶揄，寻开心②to annoy an animal, especially by touching it , pulling its tail etc. 招惹，逗弄（动物）7) Worth worthy worthwhileWorthworthyworthwhile8) Person personal personality personnelPersonpersonalpersonalitypersonnel9) Particular special specific Particularspecialspecific10) Climb crawl creep Climbcrawlcreep11) Tone tuneTonetune12) Expand extend Expandextend13) Doubt suspectDoubtsuspect14) Excitable excited exciting Excitableexcitedexciting15) Accuse chargeAccusecharge16) Acknowledge admit Acknowledgeadmit17) Incredible incredulousIncredibleincredulous18) Announce declare Announce19) Arrest capture catchArrestcapturecatch20) Annoy bother disturb trouble Annoybotherdisturbtrouble21) Companion company Companioncompany22) Hideous tediousHideoustedious23) So suchSosuch24) Pace rate speedPaceratespeed25) Affair matterAffairmatter26) Bare blank empty hollow vacantBareblankemptyhollowvacant27) Charge convertChargeconvert28) Chuckle grin guffaw laugh smile titter Chuckle gringuffawlaughsmiletitter29) Change exchangeChange30) Beside besides except Besidebesidesexcept31) Be used to used toBe used toused to32) Shake shiver tremble Shakeshivertremble33) Related relevantRelatedrelevant34) Likely possibleLikely35) Conserve preserve reserve Conserve preservereserve36) Except except forExceptexcept for37) Human humaneHumanhumane38) Remain stayRemainstay39) Successful successive Successful successive40) Responsible responsive Responsible responsive41) Path road route way Pathroadrouteway42) Say speak talk tellSaytalktell43) Fairly ratherFairlyrather44) Problem questionProblem45) Terrible terrificTerribleterrific46) Ashamed shamefulAshamedshameful47) Anybody anyone everyone everyone nobody no one somebody someoneAnybodyanyoneeveryoneeveryonenobodyno onesomebodysomeone48) Anything everything nothing somethingAnythingeverythingnothingsomething49) something living live (adj. adv.)somethinglivinglive (adj. adv.)50) Able capableAblecapable51) Check examine inspectCheckexamineinspect52) Journey tour trip voyageJourneytourvoyage53) Think about think of think overThink aboutthink ofthink over54) Insist persistInsistpersist55) Job workJobwork56) Satisfied satisfactorySatisfiedsatisfactory57) Difference distinctionDifferencedistinction58) Agree on agree to agree withAgree onagree toagree with59) Bring about bring down bring in bring up Bring about bring downbring inbring up60) Give back give in give off give out give up Give back give ingive offgive outgive up61) Earth land soilEarthlandsoil62) Get rid of move removeGet rid ofmoveremove63) Learn studyLearnstudy64) Break into break out break out ofBreak intobreak outbreak out of65) Carry away carry on carry outCarry awaycarry oncarry out66) Cut down cut in cut off cut out cut throughCut downcut incut offcut outcut through67) Accept receiveAcceptreceive68) Affect effect influenceAffecteffectinfluence69) examine eye Gaze glance glare inspect peer scan squint stare studyexamineeyeGazeglanceglareinspectpeerscansquintstarestudy70) Turn twistTurntwist71) Aching hurt painfulAchinghurtpainful72) Hanged hungHanged73) Awake wake wakenAwakewakewaken74) Lie layLielay75) Above overAboveover76) Forest jungle woodForestjunglewood77) vast large enormous immense hugevastlargeenormousimmensehuge78) special odder particular monstrous bizarre peculiar specialodderparticularmonstrousbizarrepeculiar79) eccentricity specialty feature characteristics eccentricityspecialtycharacteristics80) continuously continually consistently constantly continuouslycontinuallyconsistentlyconstantly81) survive on sth feed on sth depend on sth subsist on sth survive on sthfeed on sthdepend on sthsubsist on sth82) nutrition nourishment nourishing nutrients Nutrition: 营养不可数Nourishment：食物不可数Nourishing：有营养的Nutrients：（营养的，滋养的）物质名词或形容词83)a variety of a lot of a number ofa variety of：多种多样的，强调种类多，有变化a lot of：仅强调数量多a number of：仅强调数量多84)therefore so hence thusTherefore 因此、所以，相当于for that reason和consequently 常用于连接两个并列分句，其前加and 或分号，通常引出一个推断出的必然结论。

基英一、单词1.backdrop背景2.barbecue烧烤3.bonnet阀门4.cliche陈词滥调5.confront面对6.enlightenment启迪7.expatriate移居国外8.fleeciness蓬松的9.goggle-eyed突眼的10.heritage遗产11.immersed浸入的12.jarring不和谐的cuna空隙unch发射15.make-believe伪装16.peer凝视17.personify赋予……人性18.prompt敏捷的19.purse手提袋20.reenactment再制定再扮演21.regulation管理规则22.resonate共鸣共振23.riposte还击24.sinister阴险的，凶险的25.skirmish小争论，小冲突26.suppress抑制27.swell膨胀28.twinge阵痛，悔恨29.unease不安，不舒服30.agnoy苦恼31.arrogance自大32.benefactor救助者33.burlesque可笑的34.callous无情的35.caricature漫画promise妥协37.conceit幻想38.conceive构思39.conversationalist健谈的人40.delusion迷惑41.demon恶魔42.downright明显的43.exhausting使精疲力尽44.gloom忧郁，阴暗45.grandeur壮丽，宏伟46.groveling卑微的47.harangue高谈阔论48.idiotic白痴的49.infidelity无信仰50.libretto剧本51.loftily高尚的52.mania狂热53.mistress情妇，女主人54.nerve神经55.pamphlet小册子56.procession队伍57.rajah首长58.rave咆哮59.recipient容器，接受者60.shudder发抖61.stupendous惊人的62.suicidal自杀的63.testimony证词64.tiresome烦人的65.torment折磨66.undersized较一般为小的67.unscrupulous肆无忌惮的68.vegetarianism69.volubility流利健谈的70.accomplice同谋71.acknowledge承认，答谢72.assemble集合73.athwart相反74.awkwardly笨拙地75.bonsai盆栽76.cache躲藏77.close-cropped剪短，短发的78.deceased已故的79.dignified庄严的80.disinfectant消毒的81.dome圆屋顶82.facsimile传真83.forceps钳子84.furtive鬼鬼祟祟的85.heft举起，重要性86.inert迟缓的，呆滞的87.kickshaw华而不实的玩物88.oatmeal燕麦片89.probe探针，调查90.prune减少91.repose休息92.scab结疤93.scramble攀登94.shard陶瓷碎片95.snowbound被雪困住96.stance立场97.stump树枝分叉98.tan晒成棕褐色99.vile卑鄙的100.scrambled egg炒蛋101.abundant丰富的102.cadence节奏，韵律103.catfish鲶鱼104.critique批评105.daze使茫然106.dubious可疑的107.grit研磨108.humiliate羞辱109.kinship亲属关系110.maneuver演习111.mentor指导者112.nondenominational与宗教无关113.oratorical演说的114.pound重击声115.prodigious惊人的116.resurrect复活复兴117.retreat撤退118.savor尽情享受119.sermon布道，训诫120.smirk假笑，傻笑121.snicker偷笑，假笑122.stutter口吃123.traumatic外伤的124.trilogy三部曲125.tutelage监护，指导126.vent发泄127.vibrant震动的128.wry歪斜的129.accustomed习惯的130.amazing令人惊讶的131.Americanphile132.Americaphobe133.antagonism对抗134.bid投标135.bilingualism能用两种语言的136.celebrity名声，人名137.cellar地下室138.confer授予139.conundrum难题，谜语140.cosmopolitan世界性的141.defy对抗142.detectably可检测的143.distribute分开144.ethnologist民族学者145.exempt免除146.feature特色147.icon图标，偶像148.indigenous本土的149.indispensable不可缺少的150.monocular单眼的151.nemesis报应152.notoriety恶名153.omnipresent无所不在的154.portal大门155.resentment愤恨怨恨156.resort凭借，手段157.routine例行公事158.semiculture159.swoosh160.Tungusian通古斯满族语。