2011年6月英语六级考试全真模拟二(带答案)

2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案Part I：Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe." You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Way to Success注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-printlibrary books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? Thecompany claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books.The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that thisis primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, soobviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we havenever builta spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders."It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New YorkReview of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodiesshould be given the power to control them.The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone canread for free on Google Books Search).But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. Inits defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright– arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy."The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering toask."In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched a class action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, endedwith an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-courtsettlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages– and trying tosummarise it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," saysBlofeld, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics.Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates fromtheir works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, thesettlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is noknown copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% oforphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence.It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) – it is the subject of afairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained byscanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

英语二2011年真题及答案英语二2011年真题及答案2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the exploration of cyber-crime that has __1__ across the Web.Can privacy be preserved __2__ bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly __3__ ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a __4__ to make the web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech __5__ of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled __6__ one. The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential __7__ to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to __8__ a federation of private online identity systems. Users could __9__ which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license __10__ by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-an" systems that make it possible for users to __11__ just once but use many different services.__12__ , the approach would create a "walled garden" in cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright " streetlights" to establish a sense of a __13__ community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactionswith __14__ , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure ___15___ which the transaction runs. "Still, the administration's plan has ___16___ privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would ___17___ be a compulsory Internet "driver's license" mentality.The plan has also been greeted with ___18__ by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet __19__ They argue that all Internet users should be __20__ to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1. [A] swept [B] skipped [C] walked [D] ridden2. [A] for [B] within [C] while [D] though3. [A] careless [B] lawless [C]pointless [D] helpless4. [A] reason [B] reminder [C] compromise [D] proposal5. [A] information [B] interference [C] entertainment [D] equivalent6. [A] by [B] into [C] from [D] over7. [A] linked [B] directed [C] chained [D] compared8. [A] dismiss [B] discover [C] create [D] improve9. [A] recall [B] suggest [C] select [D] realize10. [A] released [B] issued [C] distributed [D] delivered11. [A] carry on [B] linger on [C] set in [D] log in12. [A] In vain [B] In effect [C] In return [D] In contrast13. [A] trusted [B] modernized [C] thriving [D] competing14. [A] caution [B] delight [C] confidence [D] patience15. [A] on [B] after [C] beyond [D] across16. [A] divided [B] disappointed [C] protected [D] united17. [A] frequently [B] incidentally [C] occasionally [D] eventually18. [A] skepticism [B] tolerance [C] indifference [D] enthusiasm19. [A] manageable [B] defendable [C] vulnerable [D] invisible20. [A] invited [B] appointed [C] allowed [D] forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs' board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Mrs. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Mrs. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered theirown crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up," leaving riskier, smaller firmsfor larger and more stable firms.But the researches believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news break, even if a review of history shows that they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for __________________.[A] gaining excessive profits[B] failing to fulfill her duty[C] refusing to make compromises[D] leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be __________________.[A] generous investors[B] unbiased executives[C] share price forecasters[D] independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director' s surprise departure, the firm is likely to __________________.[A] become more stable[B] report increased earnings[C] do less well in the stock market[D] perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors __________________.[A] may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B] have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C] are accustomed to stress -free work in the firm[D] will decline incentives from the firm25. The author' s attitude toward the role ofoutside directors is __________________.[A] permissive[B] positive[C] scornful[D] criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America's Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even Americannewspapers, which inhabit the most troubled comer of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation &Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying "Newspapers like…their own doom"(Line 3, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspapers ________________.[A] neglected the sign of crisis[B] failed to get state subsidies[C] were not charitable corporations[D] were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because ________________.[A] readers threatened to pay less[B] newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C] journalists reported little about these areas[D] subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they ________________.[A] have more sources of revenue[B] have more balanced newsrooms[C] are less dependent on advertising[D] are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A] Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B] Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C] Foreign bureaus play a crucial role inthe newspaper business.[D] Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be ________________.[A] American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B] American Newspapers: Gone with the wind[C] American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D] American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War 11 as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was atime of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.Mie's signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass andlaminated wood -- materials that we take for granted today but that in the1940s symbolized the future. Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller -- two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet -- than those in their older neighbors along the city's Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings' details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses -- usually around 1,200 square feet -- than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life -- few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers -- but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans' ________________.[A] prosperity and growth[B] efficiency and practicality[C] restraint and confidence[D] pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?[A] It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B] Its designing concept was affected by World War I1.[C] Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D] It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design ________________.[A] was related to large space[B] was identified with emptiness[C] was not reliant on abundant decoration[D] was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive?[A] They ignored details and proportions.[B] They were built with materials popular at that time.[C] They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D] They shared some characteristics ofabstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the "Case Study Houses" ?[A] Mechanical devices were widely used.[B] Natural scenes were taken into account.[C] Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D] Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a singlecurrency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country's voting fights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free - market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A "southern" camp headed by France wants something different: "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g. , curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world's largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that ________________.[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU's single currency is stuck because the dominant powers ________________.[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that ________________.[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting fights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that ________________.[A] poor countries are more likely to get funds[B] strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries[C] loans will be readily available to rich countries[D] rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel[A] pessimistic [B] desperate [C] conceited [D] hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer thequestions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarettestyle warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald' s.They argue that government action isnecessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking."Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK' s children' s doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Chang4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticisedthe celebrity chef Jamie Oliver' s high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. "If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes-by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said : "Ifchildren are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front. "He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said:" We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this. "The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.[A] "fat taxes" should be imposed on fast-food producers such asMcDonald's.41．Andrew Lansley held that [B] the government should ban fast-food outlets in the neighborhood of schools.42．Terence Stephenson agreed that [C] "lecturing" was an effective way to improve school lunches in England.43．Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that [D] cigarette-style warning should be introduced to children about the dangers of a poor diet.44．Dinesh Bhugra suggested that [E] the producers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change4Life camign.45．A Department of Health spokesperson proposed that [F] parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home.[G] the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businesses.Section ⅢTranslation46. Directions:In this section, there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do -- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data。

全国高校网络教育公共基础课统一考试大学英语（A）模拟试卷（2010年修订版）Test 6（根据全国高校网络教育考试委员会2011年1月新颁考试大纲和题型进行了相应调整）Information for the Examinees:This examination consists of FOUR parts. They are:Part Ⅰ: Reading Comprehension (30 points, 25 minutes)Part Ⅱ: Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points, 25 minutes)Part Ⅲ: Translation (20 points, 10 minutes)Part IV: Writing (20 points, 30 minutes)The total marks for this examination is 100 points. Time allowed for completing this examination is 90 minutes).Section I: Reading Comprehension [30 points]Part 1: Questions 1-5 are based on this part. (15 points)Read the following passage and choose the best answer from A, B, C and D.Since World War II, there has been a clearly discernible trend, especially among the growing group of college students, toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence, “go steady” through high school, and marry before their formal education has been completed. However, emotional maturity is no respecter of birthday; it does not arrive automatically at twenty-one or twenty-five. Some achieve it surprisingly early, while others never do, even in three score years and ten.Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying home life, but also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness. And it can almost be put down as s dictum that any marriage seldom solves one’s problems, more often, it merely makes them worse. Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home is an institution that is capable of carrying all that the young are seeking to put into it. Young people correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that “success”is the ultimate good, but they erroneously believe that they themselves have found the true center of life’s meaning. Their expectations of marriage are essentially utopian and therefore incapable of fulfillment. They want too much, and disappointments are often bound to follow.Shall we, then, join the chorus of “Miseries” over early marriage? One cannot generalize: allearly marriage are not bad any more than all later ones are good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by time, but by the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few illusions or false expectations, and if it is economically feasible, why not? Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so are bad ones. (301 words)1. According to this article the trend toward early marriage ______.A. was the result of the Great Depression of the 1930’sB. could not be easily determinedC. is one that could be clearly seenD. is a result of the emotional maturity of the young2. The author suggests that many of today’s early marriage are a result of ______.A. escapismB. theological dictumC. lack of formal educationD. convenience3. More often than not, early marriage will ______.A. not affect one’s problemsB. solve a person’s problemsC. intensify one’s problemsD. ease one’s problems4. The author states that the home as an institution is ______.A. overratedB. unworthy of worshipC. a god who can grant everything that you wish forD. probably not capable of being what many young people expect it to be5. Many young people who marry early believe that ______.A. their parents have found the true meaning of lifeB. they have found the true center of life’s meaningC. “success” is the ultimate goodD. to succeed is not at all importantPart 2: Questions 6-10 are based on this part. (15 points)Read the following passage and choose the best answer from A, B, C and D.It was 1985, and Rafe Esquith was beginning his third year of teaching in Los Angeles public schools. He faced a class of 40 sixth-graders from low-income homes where English rarely was spoken, and the best reader among them was two years below grade level.But to everyone’s surprise, he decided to teach them Shakespeare.Five families agreed to let their children play “Macbeth”for two hours after school. This proved to be so much fun that, within weeks, Esquith had 28 kids happily soaking up the drama of blood and betrayal in medieval Scotland. They were learning many words they had never heard before.But when Esquith asked a school district supervisor for official approval, he received this note: “Mr. Esquith, it is not appropriate that you stay after school to teach Shakespeare. It would be better if you did something with the children that is academic.”It would not be the last time that the narrow thinking of big-city school administration got in Esquith’s way. Yet the bearded, 6-foot-tall cyclone has proved that a teacher who thinks very big-much harder lessons, larger projects, extra class time can help disadvantaged children in ways most educators never imagine.This was difficult at first, until he stumbled upon a concept of teaching that is at the core ofhis success. American children, even those from hardworking immigrant cultures, have in Esquith’s view been wrongly taught that learning should always be fun, but teachers who think hard lessons are bad for kids from low-income homes. When faced with something difficult, such students don’t know what to do.The Declaration of Independence says Americans are entitled to the pursuit of happiness, but the emphasis in public schooling has been on the happiness, he believes. “What happened to pursuit?” Esquith said. So he has created an entirely new universe in his classroom, cherishing effort and the slogan, “There Are No Shortcuts”.As for their own dramatic performances, Esquith got around the original ban on his after- school “Macbeth”rehearsals by switching to Thornton Wilder’s “Our Town”. When that class finally performed the Shakespeare play, a school district supervisor showed up. The high-ranking district administrator came up afterwards and shook his hand. “Rafe”, she said, “I’ve never seen Shakespeare done better.”(376 words)6. It can be learned from the passage that Esquith’s students ______.A. liked the traditional teaching betterB. were relatively poor in intelligenceC. were mainly from immigrant familiesD. refused to cooperate with the new teacher7. At first, Esquith’s Shakespeare-teaching ______.A. won the support of the school authorityB. got slow response from the school authorityC. did not draw attention from the school authorityD. was not allowed by the school authority8. It is implied that most educator ______.A. fail to realize the potential of disadvantaged studentsB. fail to introduce fun into the learning of disadvantaged studentsC. are reluctant to admit the unfair treatment to disadvantaged studentsD. are unaware of the difficulty faced by disadvantaged students9. Esquith’s principle of teaching is different from the general one in that ______.A. he insists on giving harder lessons to more advanced studentsB. he places greater emphasis on hard work in students’ learningC. he pays less attention to students’ academic performancesD. he dismisses the concept of extra homework for students10. What is the main idea of the passage?A. An inspiring teacher wins the love and respect of his students.B. An experienced teacher contributes to the school and the students.C. An innovative teacher makes changes in the students.D. An optimistic teacher helps build confidence in the students.Section II: Vocabulary and Grammar [30 points]Part 1: Questions 11- 20 are based on this section. (10 points)Read the following sentences and choose the best answer from A, B, C and D.11. Scarcely had the car stopped ______ the cell phone began to ring.A. thanB. whenC. afterD. before12. The worst thing ______ television is that many people have become its slaves.A. aboutB. inC. withD. from13. When the girl heard the news, she could do nothing but ______ back home.A. goingB. wentC. to goD. go14. Her determination to ______ her goal of life motivated her to greater effort.A. retainB. attainC. maintainD. entertain15. This couple has two daughters, ______ of whom is working in the U.S.A. the youngerB. the youngestC. a youngerD. the young16. They ______ thankful to have the opportunity to further their studies.A. would like to beB. ought to beC. would rather beD. had better be17. Large fish usually ______ small fish.A. gatherB. take onC. feed onD. organize18. All I got was a busy ______ when I dialed his number.A. signB. noiseC. signalD. voice19. You should take care that you have not ______ any detail in the design.A. disappearedB. thrownC. deliveredD. neglected20. I won’t complain as long as I ______ where I want to go.A. will getB. getC. gotD. would getPart 2: Questions 21 - 30 are based on this section. (20 points)Read the following passage and fill in each blank by choosing the best answer from A, B, C and D.It is believed that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. The (21) ______ student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of (22) ______, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned (23) ______ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is (24) ______ for learning the material assigned. When research is assigned, the professor expects the students to take it actively and complete it with minimum guidance. It is the (25) ______ responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works. Professors will help students who need it but (26) ______ that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties (27) ______ teaching, such as administrative or research work. (28) ______, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (29) ______. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either (30) ______ a professor during office hours or make an appointment.21. A. poor B. ideal C. average D. disappointed22. A. fun B. work C. learning D. prize23. A. by B. in C. for D. with24. A. criticized B. innocent C. responsible D. dismissed25. A. student’s B. professor’s C. assistant’s D. librarian’s26. A. hate B. dislike C. like D. prefer27. A. but B. except C. with D. besides28. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Nevertheless29. A. plentiful B. limited C. irregular D. flexible30. A. get B. annoy C. approach D. attachSection III: Translation [20 points]Translate the following four sentences into English.31．正是由于他在面试中表现不错，他才获得了这份工作。

2011年6月B级考试全真试题Part II Vocabulary & Structure (15 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your ability to use words and phrases correctly to construct meaningful and grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections:There are 10 inplete statements here. You are required to plete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16. To ______ the truth, I really didn't know anything about yesterday's meeting.A. doB. tellC. putD. take17. Your sales methods will depend ______ the customers with whom you deal.A. withB. onC. inD. for18. We support the view that poor management will ______ business failure.A. break upB. take inC. lead toD. put off'19. In recent years, there have been over 30 foreign panies ______ business in this city.A. doingB. doC. to doD. done20. It is easy to get the software we need ______ the market is small.A. as ifB. so thatC. althoughD. until21. By the end of this year, they ______ a new program in Europe.A. had startedB. startC. are startingD. will have started22. Language learning is a slow process, which ______ a lot of effort, time and patience.A. requiresB. leavesC. paysD. offers23. More than 100 people died ______ the earthquake in that area.A. in ease ofB. as a result ofC. in addition toD. on the basis of24. Mike has already put forward his suggestion ______ a production plan should be pleted next week.A. whomB. whatC. whichD. that25. I am writing to apply for the ______ of Sales Manager advertised in last Friday's China Daily.A. businessB. tradeC. positionD. operationSection BDirections:There are also 10 inplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets. Write the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.26. (general) ______ speaking, table manners vary from culture to culture.27. The wallpaper pattern (design) ______ by a famous Chinese artist several years ago.28. The program aims to let all the employees (understand) ______ the culture of the pany.29. The organization will start a (move) ______ to protect the environment next month.30. They have already discussed the report (give) ______ by the department manager.31. We will set up a factory in that country, which is rich in (nature) ______ resources.32. Peter actually does a good job in keeping the store clean, which is not as (simple) ______ as it seems to be.33. I really enjoy (work) ______ together with you, and thank you for your cooperation.34. My first (impress) ______ of England was that it was a grey and rainy place.35. With the joint efforts of all the members, the team (perform) ______ very well last year.Part Ⅲ Reading prehensionDirections:This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions:After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.When you speak on the telephone, you cannot use your facial (面部的) expression, eye contact and gestures to help municate your message. Your voice must do the job.A good voice is pleasant to listen to because it municates a positive message. Keep in mind the following qualities of a good voice:Speak in a voice neither too loud nor too soft. Speak louder when giving important information.Speak slowly enough so that the listener has a chance to understand your message without your having to repeat it. Keep in mind that as you speak the other person may be taking notes.Pronunciation is the correct way to say a word. To avoid mispronouncing (读错音) words, you may wish to check the pronunciation of unfamiliar words in the dictionary before you use them.People with an accent unlike yours may not understand your pronunciation of some words. You also may not understand the pronunciation of some of their words. In these cases, careful pronunciation is very important for effective munication. You may need to repeat or spell words that are unusual or easy to be misunderstood.36. When speaking on the phone, the essential factor for successful munication is your ______.A. voiceB. gestureC. eye contactD. facial expression37. To give important information, a person speaking on the phone should ______.A. keep a pleasant mannerB. use familiar wordsC. lower the voiceD. speak louder38. The speaker is advised to speak slowly in order to help the listener to ______.A. remember some wordsB. repeat the informationC. check the messageD. take some notes39. To avoid mispronouncing unfamiliar words, you are advised to ______.A. check them in a dictionaryB. pronounce them loudlyC. use other words insteadD. ask others for help40. Speakers sometimes need to spell some words to help listeners to understand ______.A. long sentencesB. unusual wordsC. difficult questionsD. important expressionsTask 2Directions:This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45.The first aid (急救) you learn from a course is not quite like reality. Most of us feel afraidwhen dealing with "the real thing". By overing these feelings, we are better able to use the first aid to cope with the unexpected.Doing your partFirst aid is not an exact science, and is thus open to human error. No matter how hard you try, the casualty (伤者) may not respond as hoped. Some conditions might lead to death, even with the best medical care.Giving care with confidenceThe casualty needs to feel protected and in safe hands. You can create an air of confidence and safety by:· being in control, both of yourself and the problem;· acting calmly and reasonably;· being gentle, but firm, with your hands, and speaking to the casualty kindly, but hopefully.Building up trustTalk to the casualty throughout your examination and treatment (治疗).· Explain what you are going to do.· Try to answer questions honestly to reduce fears as best as you can. If you do not know the answer, say so.41. When we deal with the real cases of first aid, we often feel ______.A. safeB. afraidC. excitedD. confident42. "First aid is... open to human error" in the second paragraph means ______.A. there are never failures in first aidB. medical care in first aid is essentialC. human mistakes are possible in first aidD. first aid is widely applied to accidents43. An air of confidence and safety is important in giving first aid because the casualty needs to feel to be ______.A. in controlB. fortableC. in safe handsD. gentle but firm44. Which of the following can be a way to build up the casualty's trust?A. To answer their questions honestly.B. To use as much medicine as possible.C. To avoid saying no to their questions.D. To provide them with the best treatment.45. The best title for the passage could be ______.A. Importance of Giving First AidB. Advice on Giving First AidC. Future of First AidD. Types of First AidTask 3Directions:This is a car rental advertisement. After reading it, you should plete the information by filling in the blanks marked 46 to 50 (in no more than 3 words) in the table below.Car Rental (租赁)Faster Reservations (预定) and Rental FeesSimply provide your Hertz Club number to speed up the reservation process, And at over 50locations in the US and Canada, go to Hertz Club Express counters for faster service. Reduced Rates and Special OffersMembers may receive a special rate on rentals in the U.S., Canada and Europe, and receive a special rate on child seat rentals.Reserve Specific Brand (品牌) and ModelAt 24 major US airport locations, you can choose the brand and model for your weekly and weekend rentals. Only Hertz Club lets you reserve a specific brand and model, like the Ford Mustang. So the car you want is the one you get. Just book your reservation on .hertz., or byTask 4Directions:The following is a list of words and phrases used in a resume (简历). After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与……等同) those given in Chinese in the table below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in the brackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered 51through 55.A--courses taken J--job objectiveB--current address K--permanent addressC--date of birth L--marital statusD--educational background M--part-time jobsE--email address N--position applied forF--health conditions O--rewardsG--hobbies and interests P--scholarshipsH--ID card No. Q--work experienceI--in-job trainingTask 5Directions:Here are some requirements for employees working for a restaurant. After reading them, you are required to plete the answers that follow the questions (No.56 to No.60). You should write your answers (in no more than 3 words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.Requirements for All Employees1. Within ten minutes of arrival, be in uniform and at your workstation. Breaks should not be longer than the time allowed, and restroom and smoke breaks need to be part of the break periods, not in addition to them.2. Work dress should be clean and professional (职业的) each working day.3. All employees are responsible for cleaning any workstation.4. Work tasks are given daily, and may be changed during service as needed. Employees are expected to be flexible when receiving the tasks given.5. When tasks are pleted, the employees are expected to clean the areas around their work-stations. Wiping all tables and counters off, cleaning the floor and under the tables, as well as wiping off the cooler door are also things that should be done when time allows.56. What should the employees do within 10 minutes after they arrive?Be in _______________ and at their workplaces.57. What are the rules about the restroom and smoke breaks?They are regarded as part of ___________________.58. What is the requirement about the employees' work dress?Their work dress should be _________________.59. What are employees expected to do when they receive work tasks?They are expected to be ___________________.60. What should the employees do when they plete their tasks?They are required to ____________________ around their workstations.Part IV Translation —— English into Chinese (25 minutes)Directions:This part, numbered 61 to 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. Each of the four sentences (No. 61 to No. 64) is followed by four choices of suggested translation marked A, BC and D. Make the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Write your translation of the paragraph (No. 65) in the corresponding space on the Translation/position Sheet.61. I believe my education background and experience in team work fit in nicely with the job requirements.A．我认为这个团队应该招聘像我这样受过教育并有经历的人。

2011年6月大学英语三级(A)考试密押试卷（2）Part Ⅱ Structure (15 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) .Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16. Is there any hope of ________ the final exam?A) John to pass B) John pass C) passing John D) John's passing17. Lawrence will do anything for Lily except _________ her money.A) lending B) lend C) borrowing D) borrow18. We found it impossible ________ all the questions within the time given.A) solve B) being solving C) to have solved D) to solve19. We don’t allow _________ in the meeting room.A) to smoke B) smoked C) smoking D) to smoking20. ________ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.A) As B) That C) Who D) Which21. There were _________ for Saturday's movie.A) not available tickets B )no available tickets C) no tickets available D) tickets no available22. The output of our factory is now twice ________ it was three years ago.A) what B) that C) as D) which23. At no time and under no circumstances ________ the first to use nuclear weapons.A) China will be B) will China be C) will be China D) shall China be24. What ________ would happen if the manager knew you felt that way?A) will you suppose B)are you supposing C) do you suppose D) you would suppose25. It is high time someone ________ Nick that each member of a team has to do his share of work.A) could tell B) tell C) told D) would tellSection BDirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. Write the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.26. A series of cultural programs (hold) __________ in Shanghai to celebrate this largest national sports meeting in history.27. Do the results of the research have any practical (apply) __________?28. (not pass) __________ the final examination, she was laughed at by her classmates.29. Your advice that the investigation (be) __________ postponed is reasonable.30. Such facts as rain, snow, storm and wind are all (phenomenon) __________ of nature.31. She makes (occasion) __________ appearances for the local sports meeting.32. The electric current (break) __________, the workers stopped working right away.33. The host planned to (modem) __________ his house by buying some latest electronic products.34. Mary accused one of her colleagues of (steal) __________ her money.35. They cherish the (friend) __________ between themPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.In Washington D. C., 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue is a very special address. It is the address of the White House, the home of the president of the United States.Originally the White House was gray and was called the presidential Palace. It was built from 1792 to 1800. At this time, the city of Washington itself was being built. It was to be the nation's new capital city. George Washington, the first president, and Pierre Charles L' Enfant, a French engineer, chose the place for the new city. L' Enfant then planned the city. The president's home was an important part of the plan,A contest was held to pick a design for the president's home. An architect named James Hobart won. He designed a large three-story house of gray stone.President Washington never lived in the Presidential Palace. The first president to live there was John Adams, the second president of the United States, and his wife Mrs. Adams did not-really like her new house. In her letters, she often complained about the cold. Fifty fireplaces were not enough to keep the house warm!In 1812 the United States and Britain went to war. In 1814 the British invaded Washington. They burned many buildings, including the Presidential Palace.After the war James Hoban, the original architect, partially rebuilt the president's home. To cover the marks of the fire, the building was painted white. Before long it became known as the White House.The White House is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the United States. Every year more than 1.5 million visitors go through the five rooms that are open to the public.36. The White House was built in Washington ________.A) because a French engineer was invited to design itB) because President George Washington liked to live in itC) because the British invaders lived in it in 1812 -1814D) because it was to be the nation' s capital city37. The Presidential Palace was ________.A) painted gray and white B) made of gray stoneC) made of white stone D) made very warm in winter38. The president's home and the city of Washington were ________.A) built by the American army B) built by the British troopsC) planned by George Washington D) planned by the French39. The original home of the president needed to be rebuilt ________.A) because John Adams' wife did not like itB) because it was cold in winter even with 50 fireplacesC) because it had burned down during the warD) because George Washington was not willing to live in it40. The new presidential home was painted white to ________.A) cover the marks of fire B) attract tourist from FranceC) to please Mrs. John Adams D) keep it warm in winterTask 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45.Man finds living together with his own species(物种) difficult enough and living together with other species almost impossible. Our usual solution is to kill off anything that get in our way. Even on those rare occasions when we do enter into a relationship with another species, it is heavily biased(带有倾向) in our favor. The other species benefits only when it suits our own interests. Our attempts to communicate with another species are concerned mainly with giving orders in our own language and having them obeyed. Probably our best attempt has been the whistle language that is used in the shepherd-sheepdog relationship. This is a system that is natural to neither species, but one that both can understand. Its only fault lies in fact that the bias is still there--the dog cannot whistle for the man.But now comes news of a piece of research that promises, for the first time, to open up two-way communication between man and another species.At the University of Nevada in the western United States, animated(活跃的)conversations are being heldwith a young female chimpanzee (黑猩猩)called Washoe. Allen and Beatrice Gardener have succeeded in doing this because they have used an entirely new approach, an approach based on the natural abilities of the chimpanzee. Past attempts to communicate with chimpanzees have failed because the researchers tried to make their animals use a vocal language.41. According to the writer, when man finds it impossible to live together with other species, he usually _________.A) tries to communicate with themB) tries to teach them a languageC) sets up a relationship with themD) wipes them out42. According to the writer; we communicate with animals in an attempt to ________.A) set up a relationship with themB) make them do what we wantC) get along well with themD) teach them a language43. The writer implies that the shepherd-sheepdog whistle language is still biased because ________.A) it can only be used to give ordersB) it is not natural for both shepherd and sheepdogC) it is a one-way communication approachD) it can only be used between man and dog44. Allen and Beatrice Gardener managed to communicate with the chimpanzee by ________.A) training the chimpanzee to learn human language in an entirely new methodB) creating a language both man and the chimpanzee were able to useC) using animal' s vocal language which the chimpanzee was able to understandD) learning the chimpanzee's language with an entirely new approach45. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.A) in the future the chimpanzee can learn language like human beingsB) in the past researchers taught a chimpanzee words of our natural languageC) man and animals can get along well if they can communicate with each otherD) the chimpanzee can communicate well with our human beingsTask 3Directions: The following is a passage about contract. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it (No. 46 to No. 50). You should write your answers briefly (in no more than three words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.A contract is an agreement between two or more people in which one person agrees to do something by a specified date in return for something done by the other. Usually the contract is a written document signed and dated by both parties. It must state clearly the consideration, that is, what is to be given or done by one person in exchange for what is given or done by the other. If one person does what was promised and the other does not, the other may be sued in court and required by court order to make good. He or she may also be required to pay for*damages suffered as a result of the failure to perform. The things to be done by both parties must be stated in definite terms or the court will hold that contract is too Vague and general to be enforced. Similarly, the time period within which the work is to be done must be definite or the court will say that the document is not a contract.Task 4Directions: The following is a list of terms about meeting. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与…相同的) those given in Chinese in the table below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in brackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered 51 to 55.A—to hold a meeting E—final sittingB—working party F—formal sittingC—meeting in camera G—plenary meetingD—opening sitting H—study groupI—budget committee M—board of directorsJ—drafting committee N—executive councilK—committee of experts O—standing bodyL—advisory committee P—committeeExamples：(M)董事会 (H)学习研讨会51．( )起草委员会 ( )专家委员会52．( )预算委员会 ( )闭幕会53．( )常设机构 ( )工作小组54．( )秘密会议 ( )执行委员会55．( )咨询委员会 ( )全会Task 5Directions: There is a letter below. After reading it, you should give brief answers to the 5 questions (No. 56 to No. 60) that follow. The answers (in no more than 3 words) should be written after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.To: All staffFrom: Personnel Dept.Date: December 26th, 2008Subject: Appointment of a New Vice PresidentYou will be pleased to learn that, effective on December 28th, Mr. David Lee has been appointed Vice President of the company. He will replace Mr. Charles Hu, who is retiring next month after 23 years of invaluable contributions to our company.Mr. Lee will be concurrently serving as Director of the International Division until further notice. In the meantime, we hope that you' will all give Mr. Lee the same loyal support and cooperation which you gave to Mr. Hu during his tenure of office. Thank you.56. Who issues the announcement?_________________________________.57. What is the subject of this announcement?Appointment of a ____________________________________.58. Who will be the new vice president of the company?__________________________________.59. When is the old vice president retiring?__________________________________.60. What will Mr. Lee be concurrently serving as?__________________________________ of the International Division.Part Ⅳ Translation--English into Chinese (25 minutes)Directions: this part, numbered 61 through 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. After each of the sentences numbered 61 to 64, you will read four choices of suggested translation. You should choose the best translation and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. And for the paragraph numbered 65, write your translation in the corresponding space on the Translation/Composition Sheet.61. The Chinese government has offered great support to Tibet in terms of manpower, material resources, funding and technology.A)中国政府从人力、物力、资金和技术上大力支援西藏。

英语二2011年真题及答案2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the exploration of cyber-crime that has __1__ across the Web.Can privacy be preserved __2__ bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly __3__ ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a __4__ to make the web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech __5__ of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled __6__ one. The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential __7__ to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to __8__ a federation of private online identity systems. Users could __9__ which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license __10__ by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-an" systems that make it possible for users to __11__ just once but use many different services.__12__ , the approach would create a "walled garden" in cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright " streetlights" to establish a sense of a __13__ community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactionswith __14__ , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure ___15___ which the transaction runs. "Still, the administration's plan has ___16___ privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would ___17___ be a compulsory Internet "driver's license" mentality.The plan has also been greeted with ___18__ by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet __19__ They argue that all Internet users should be __20__ to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1. [A] swept [B] skipped [C] walked [D] ridden2. [A] for [B] within [C] while [D] though3. [A] careless [B] lawless [C]pointless [D] helpless4. [A] reason [B] reminder [C] compromise [D] proposal5. [A] information [B] interference [C] entertainment [D] equivalent6. [A] by [B] into [C] from [D] over7. [A] linked [B] directed [C] chained [D] compared8. [A] dismiss [B] discover [C] create [D] improve9. [A] recall [B] suggest [C] select [D] realize10. [A] released [B] issued [C] distributed [D] delivered11. [A] carry on [B] linger on [C] set in [D] log in12. [A] In vain [B] In effect [C] In return [D] In contrast13. [A] trusted [B] modernized [C] thriving [D] competing14. [A] caution [B] delight [C] confidence [D] patience15. [A] on [B] after [C] beyond [D] across16. [A] divided [B] disappointed [C] protected [D] united17. [A] frequently [B] incidentally [C] occasionally [D] eventually18. [A] skepticism [B] tolerance [C] indifference [D] enthusiasm19. [A] manageable [B] defendable [C] vulnerable [D] invisible20. [A] invited [B] appointed [C] allowed [D] forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs' board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Mrs. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Mrs. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered theirown crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up," leaving riskier, smaller firmsfor larger and more stable firms.But the researches believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news break, even if a review of history shows that they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for __________________.[A] gaining excessive profits[B] failing to fulfill her duty[C] refusing to make compromises[D] leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be __________________.[A] generous investors[B] unbiased executives[C] share price forecasters[D] independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director' s surprise departure, the firm is likely to __________________.[A] become more stable[B] report increased earnings[C] do less well in the stock market[D] perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors __________________.[A] may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B] have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C] are accustomed to stress -free work in the firm[D] will decline incentives from the firm25. The author' s attitude toward the role ofoutside directors is __________________.[A] permissive[B] positive[C] scornful[D] criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America's Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even Americannewspapers, which inhabit the most troubled comer of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation &Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying "Newspapers like…their own doom"(Line 3, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspapers ________________.[A] neglected the sign of crisis[B] failed to get state subsidies[C] were not charitable corporations[D] were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because ________________.[A] readers threatened to pay less[B] newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C] journalists reported little about these areas[D] subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they ________________.[A] have more sources of revenue[B] have more balanced newsrooms[C] are less dependent on advertising[D] are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A] Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B] Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C] Foreign bureaus play a crucial role inthe newspaper business.[D] Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be ________________.[A] American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B] American Newspapers: Gone with the wind[C] American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D] American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War 11 as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was atime of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.Mie's signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass andlaminated wood -- materials that we take for granted today but that in the1940s symbolized the future. Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller -- two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet -- than those in their older neighbors along the city's Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings' details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses -- usually around 1,200 square feet -- than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life -- few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers -- but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans' ________________.[A] prosperity and growth[B] efficiency and practicality[C] restraint and confidence[D] pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?[A] It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B] Its designing concept was affected by World War I1.[C] Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D] It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design ________________.[A] was related to large space[B] was identified with emptiness[C] was not reliant on abundant decoration[D] was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive?[A] They ignored details and proportions.[B] They were built with materials popular at that time.[C] They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D] They shared some characteristics ofabstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the "Case Study Houses" ?[A] Mechanical devices were widely used.[B] Natural scenes were taken into account.[C] Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D] Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a singlecurrency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country's voting fights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free - market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A "southern" camp headed by France wants something different: "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g. , curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world's largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that ________________.[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU's single currency is stuck because the dominant powers ________________.[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that ________________.[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting fights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that ________________.[A] poor countries are more likely to get funds[B] strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries[C] loans will be readily available to rich countries[D] rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel[A] pessimistic [B] desperate [C] conceited [D] hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer thequestions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarettestyle warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald' s.They argue that government action isnecessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking."Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK' s children' s doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Chang4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticisedthe celebrity chef Jamie Oliver' s high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. "If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes-by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said : "Ifchildren are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front. "He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said:" We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this. "The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.[A] "fat taxes" should be imposed on fast-food producers such asMcDonald's.41．Andrew Lansley held that [B] the government should ban fast-food outlets in the neighborhood of schools.42．Terence Stephenson agreed that [C] "lecturing" was an effective way to improve school lunches in England.43．Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that [D] cigarette-style warning should be introduced to children about the dangers of a poor diet.44．Dinesh Bhugra suggested that [E] the producers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change4Life camign.45．A Department of Health spokesperson proposed that [F] parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home.[G] the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businesses.Section ⅢTranslation46. Directions:In this section, there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do -- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast datacentres around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.Section ⅣWritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to1) congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1 ) interpret the chart and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 15 points)2011考研英语（二）真题答案1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A 16．A 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．D 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．B26．D 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．C 34．D 35．B 36．B 37．C 38．B 39．A 40．D 41．E 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．G。

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】Whether to Attend a Vocational College or a University?It’s an undisputable truth that virtually all high school graduates will encounter the choices between a vocational college and a university. And when it comes to this question, students’ideas are not cut from the same cloth. In point of which to choose and what to be taken into consideration, my advices are as follow.In the first place, we should be conscious of the fact that both of the two choices have its own superiorities. For instance, a vocational college specializes in cultivating human resources with practical capabilities; while a university serves as the cradle of academic researchers in different fields. Then it does follow that high school graduates should have a clear picture of themselves. That is to say, they should know their merits and demerits and theirchoices must give play to their strengths whilst circumvent weaknesses. In addition, interest is the best teacher and it’s also the premise of learning on one’s own initiative. Thus interest must be taken into account because it can not only decide how far one can reach academically and professionally but also how happy and fulfilled one will be.In brief, all above just goes to show that there really is no one-size-fits-all answer for the question. The key lies in a clear cognition, accurate self-positioning and the interest of oneself. Only then can every one find a right path that works best for us.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad.C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed.【答案】A【解析】题目问如果男士在二手书店中发现了自己写的书，那么男士会感觉怎样。

2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案（第2套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “Nowadays more and more college students have come to realize social practice and academic learning are equally important.” You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.You should copy the sentence given in quotes at the beginning of your essay.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Read numerous comments users put online.B) Blended all his food without using a machine.C) Searched for the state-of-the-art models of blenders.D) Did thorough research on the price of kitchen appliances.2. A) Eating any blended food.B) Buying a blender herself.C) Using machines to do her cooking.D) Making soups and juices for herself.3. A) Cooking every meal creatively in the kitchen.B) Paying due attention to his personal hygiene.C) Eating breakfast punctually every morning.D) Making his own fresh fruit juice regularly.4. A) One-tenth of it is sugar.B) It looks healthy and attractive.C) One’s fancy may be tickled by it.D) It contains an assortment of nutrients.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) How he has made himself popular as the mayor of Berkton.B) How the residents will turn Berkton into a tourist attraction.C) How charming he himself considers the village of Berkton to be.D) How he has led people of Berkton to change the village radically.6. A) It was developed only to a limited extent.B) It was totally isolated as a sleepy village.C) It was relatively unknown to the outside.D) It was endowed with rare natural resources.7. A) The people in Berkton were in a harmonious atmosphere.B) The majority of residents lived in harmony with their neighbors.C) The majority of residents enjoyed cosy housing conditions.D) All the houses in Berkton looked aesthetically similar.8. A) They have helped boost the local economy.B) They have made the residents unusually proud.C) They have contributed considerably to its popularity.D) They have brought happiness to everyone in the village.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) They have created the smallest remote-controlled walking robot in the world.B) They are going to publish their research findings in the journal Science Robotics.C) They are the first to build a robot that can bend, crawl, walk, turn and even jump.D) They are engaged in research on a remote-controlled robot which uses special power.10. A) It changes its shape by complex hardware.B) It is operated by a special type of tiny motor.C) It moves from one place to another by memory.D) It is powered by the elastic property of its body.11. A) Replace humans in exploratory tasks.B) Perform tasks in tightly confined spaces.C) Explore the structure of clogged arteries.D) Assist surgeons in highly complex surgery.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) She threw up in the bathroom.B) She slept during the entire ride.C) She dozed off for a few minutes.D) She boasted of her marathon race.13. A) They are mostly immune to cognitive impairment.B) They can sleep soundly during a rough ride at sea.C) They are genetically determined to need less sleep.D) They constitute about 13 percent of the population.14. A) Whether there is a way to reach elite status.B) Whether it is possible to modify one’s genes.C) Whether having a baby impacts one’s passion.D) Whether one can train themselves to sleep less.15. A) It is in fact quite possible to nurture a passion for sleep.B) Babies can severely disrupt their parents’ sleep patterns.C) Being forced to rise early differs from being an early bird.D) New parents are forced to jump out of bed at the crack of dawn.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) We have poor awareness of how many controversial issues are being debated.B) No one knows better than yourself what you are thinking about at the moment.C) No one can change your opinions more than those who speak in a convincing tone.D) We are likely to underestimate how much we can be swayed by a convincing article.17. A) Their belief about physical punishment changed.B) Their memory pushed them toward a current belief.C) The memory of their initial belief came back to them.D) Their experiences of physical punishment haunted them.18. A) They apparently have little to do with moderate beliefs.B) They don’t reflect the changes of view on physical punishment.C) They may not apply to changes to extreme or deeply held beliefs.D) They are unlikely to alter people’s position without more evidence.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) American moms have been increasingly inclined to live alone.B) The American population has been on the rise in the past 25 years.C) American motherhood has actually been on the decline.D) The fertility rates in America have in fact been falling sharply.20. A) More new mothers tend to take greater care of their children.B) More new mothers are economically able to raise children.C) A larger proportion of women take pride in their children.D) A larger proportion of women really enjoy motherhood.21. A) The meaning of motherhood has changed considerably.B) More and more mothers go shopping to treat themselves.C) More mothers have adult children celebrating the holiday.D) The number of American mothers has been growing steadily.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Add to indoor toxic pollutants.B) Absorb poisonous chemicals.C) Beautify the home environment.D) Soak up surrounding moisture.23. A) NASA did experiments in sealed containers resembling thesuper-insulated offices of 1970s.B) It was based on experiments under conditions unlike those in most homes or offices.C) NASA conducted tests in outer space whose environment is different from ours.D) It drew its conclusion without any contrastive data from other experiments.24. A) Natural ventilation proves much more efficient for cleaning the air than house plants.B) House plants disperse chemical compounds more quickly with people moving around.C) Natural ventilation turns out to be most effective with doors and windows wide open.D) House plants in a normal environment rarely have any adverse impact on the air.25. A) The root cause for misinterpretations of scientific findings.B) The difficulty in understanding what’s actually happening.C) The steps to be taken in arriving at any conclusion with certainty.D) The necessity of continually re-examining and challenging findings.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The Sun Is Also a Star is a truly lovely story of love, romance, fate,and destiny.Natasha is a Jamaican-born immigrant living____26____in America, not by choice exactly. Her parents brought her over and created the situation she____27____to be out of.Daniel is an American born of Korean immigrants. He believes in true love, fate, and all that other nonsense that Natasha____28____through scientific reasoning.Daniel and Natasha meet by____29____on the streets of New York on the day that she is to be____30____. She doesn’t tell him that but does allow him to keep her company while he tries to get her to fall in love with him over the course of the day.Natasha is me. I found her so similar to myself. She’s scientifically-minded, practical, somewhat cynical, andalways____31____. Her obsession with the universe through a scientific lens is infectious and I____32____Daniel seeing that too.Daniel is charming and passionate and has a way with words that even____33____Natasha’s tough outer shell.By the end of the book I fell in love with both of them.I used to find romance stories to always be cheap or laughable. I think now I can see the value in escaping into a story of pure optimism. I got____34____in The Sun Is Also a Star and finished it cover to cover in a weekend. I couldn’t wait to get to what I hoped would be a happy ending.It’s nice every once in a while to give in to magic. It doesn’t have to be a hard fantasy novel with actual spells, it can be the magic found between two people who just have that special something.That____35____that causes them to react and spark when they’re near each other.A) adoreB) appraiseC) assaultsD) chemistryE) coincidenceF) cracksG) deportedH) dismissesI) illegallyJ) lostK) perpetuallyL) prescribedM) shrewdN) skepticalO) strivesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.These are the habits to avoid if you want to make a behavior changeA) According to recent research, behavioral change involves physical changes in the brain. In the past decade, researchers have shown that when it comes to the duration of making a new behavior a deep-rooted habit there is not a simple answer. Even for the most productive and disciplined among us, undoing something that has become an automatic part of who we are takes more than an overnight effort. Once we’ve successfully made that change, we then have to make other adjustments to our lives to ensure that we continue to maintain it, which is often a whole other challenge in itself.B) At its core, success in changing and maintaining a behavior rarely occurs without the introduction of some sort of system. When there isn’t the right framework in place, we face a greater likelihood of derailing our hard-earned progress. To ensure success in changing and maintaining a behavior, we should stay away from some detrimental habits.C) The first one to avoid is relying on willpower. Think about the last time you vowed to resist a temptation. Perhaps you didn’t want to check your phone every 15 minutes, or you were determined not to reach for a chocolate bar at 3 p.m. Think about how difficult it must have been not to glance at your phone when it was within reach, or not to walk to the vending machine when your afternoon slump hit.D) The research on whether we have finite or infinite willpower is inconclusive, but experts do generally agree that you can’t change and sustain a habit if you rely on your willpower alone. The old military saying “You never rise to the occasion, you only sink to the level of training” also applies to behavior change. The idea is simple—you repeat something so many times that it becomes automatic.E) Think about what else you can change about your surrounding that makes it easier for you to perform this change on a daily basis. This is called your “cue.” Basically, it’s a trigger to perform that particular habit. If you don’t want to reach for a sugary treat at 3 p.m., have a box of herbal tea ready at your desk. When 3 p.m. comes around, that’s your cue to pour yourself a cup of hot water and drink that tea, instead of walking to the vending machine.F) The second one to avoid is focusing on negative goals. Sometimes, it’s not your process that lets you down, but the habit that you want to change in the first place. For starters, not eating chocolate to beat your afternoon slump is a harder goal than swapping chocolate for herbal tea when you reach the designated time. Your brain wants to find routinesthat have succeeded in the past and allow you to repeat those actions again in the future without having to think about them explicitly. However, this habit-learning system isn’t so effective when it comes to learning not to do something. That’s why rather than giving up something, think about introducing something in its place. Focus on actions you are going to take that will ultimately conflict with the behaviors you want to stop. When your attention is on doing something new, you give your habit system a chance to operate.G) The third one to avoid is using the same strategies in different circumstances. Because we are creatures of habit, it’s natural to assume that when we do manage to adopt and sustain a desirable behavior, that same strategy will work when we want to make another behavior change. But that’s not always the case. Sometimes, the system that got you to change one behavior might not work for another.H) Sometimes we become accustomed to relying on our guts when it comes to decisionmaking. This serves us well in certain situations, but can hinder us in others especially when we need to consider metrics and data, rather than letting our instinct override everything. For example, if you want to stop checking your email first thing in the morning, you might decide to substitute another activity in its place. But if you want to stop indulging in video games, simply deciding you will go for a run might not be as effective. You might need to introduce another reinforcement, such as meeting a friend and booking an exercise class together.I) The fourth one to avoid is not forgiving ourselves for slipping up. Of course, even the bestlaid plans fail sometimes. You might have stuck to your screen-free nighttime routine for five days, and then a big project landed on your desk and you found yourself in bed with your laptop before you went to sleep. Or you prepared meals on Sunday and stuck to eating healthy dinners at home, but by Friday you found yourself so exhausted and opted to order greasy takeout. Life happens and even if your behavior change is small, every single day can prove pretty inflexible, and at some point your luck may run out, even if just for a day. The perfectionist in you might be screaming to abandon your goals altogether, but try to see it in the bigger picture. Just because you might have temporarily strayed off course doesn’t mean you can’t start afresh the next day.J) The final one to avoid is discounting small progress. There’s a habit that many perfectionists tend to fall into when they try to establish a behavior change. They focus too much on the big goal and don’t take the time to celebrate the small progress they make in the process. Your brain responds to rewards. The basal ganglia, the brain region linked to our performance of habits, is most active at the beginning of a behavior, when the habit is cued, and at the end, when it’s rewarded. Say your goal is to run five miles three times a week, and this week you ran one mile on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Rather than focusing on how far you’ve gone toward your goal, think about how you can reward yourself for the progress you’ve made. It doesn’t have to be big or expensive; it can be something as simple as making your favorite fruit juice after your run. Whatever your reward, it has to be more than just the activity itself to get you going.K) Initiating a new behavior usually seems like the hardest part of the process of change. However, people often fail to adequately prepare for maintaining it. One of the reasons for this is because we mistakenly believe the strategies we used to initiate the change will be equally effective in helping us continue the change. But they won’t. Where changing a strongly deep-rooted habit requires changing our belief about that habit that penetrates deeply into our lives, continually manifesting that wisdom requires that we maintain a positive outlook. If our mood is low, the wisdom to behave differently seems to disappear and we go back to eating more and exercising less. The key, then, to maintaining new behaviors is to be happy! Which is why it’s so hard to maintain new behaviors.L) Remember, overcoming the behavioral inertia that prevents us from implementing new changes, like eating a healthy diet or exercising, can benefit us in the long run and can improve our physical and mental health. No one was born with habits. They were all learned, and can all, therefore, be unlearned. The question is: how badly do you really want to change?36. There is general consensus among experts that willpower alone cannot guarantee one’s success in changing and maintaining a habit.37. One need not abandon their goals completely just because they missed their target temporarily; they can start anew.38. Research shows it is quite another challenge to maintain a behavioral change after you have initiated it.39. It is wrong to assume the strategies we use to start a change of behavior will work equally well in helping maintain it.40. Sometimes, it may not be successful to simply substitute one activity with another to effect a change of habit; you may need extra reinforcement.41. One should introduce something new to replace an old habit instead of simply kicking it.42. Perfectionists focus too much on their big target and neglect celebrating the small gains they make in the process.43. It is of great benefit to us in the long term to conquer the inertia that stops us from making behavioral changes.44. The strategy that successfully changed one of your behaviors may not work for some other behavior of yours.45. Without a happy mood, it seems that our wisdom to adopt a different behavior vanishes.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The “American Dream” promises that in the Land of Opportunity, any individual can climb the economic ladder and prosper through hard work and ambition alone. And yet, young Americans today are struggling to earn more than their parents did at the same age, and upward mobility in the US actually compares unfavourably to that of other industrialised nations.So why does the idea of the American Dream persist? A new study in the American Journal of Political Science identifies one factor that has been overlooked: the influence of reality TV.Reality shows have come to dominate US television over the past 20 years, notes Eunji Kim from Vanderbilt University. And the overwhelming majority of these have a “rags-toriches” storyline: they feature ordinary Americans who work hard to achieve great economic success. And while these programmes are regularly among the most-watched shows, news broadcasts—which paint a more realistic view of the economic hardship faced by millions of Americans—get a much smaller proportion of the viewership.Rags-to-riches stories are ubiquitous (无处不在的) on TV—but does watching these programmes actually convince people that economic mobility is easily attainable? To find out, Kim’s team had participants watch a 5-minute clip from a reality show with a rags-to-riches storyline. Control participants watched a clip from a reality show that didn’t have a rags-toriches story. After watching the shows, participants rated how much they agreed with four statements relating to the American Dream.The results showed that those who’d watched a rags-to-riches clip did indeed have a significantly greater belief in the American Dream. Interestingly, when participants were separated by party affiliation, this effect was significant among Republicans but not Democrats, suggesting that the kind of messages implicit in these TV shows may play into people’s existing socioeconomic beliefs.Kim also conducted a survey of 3,000 US residents. They also rated the extent to which they believed success in life is related to various internal factors (such as ambition) and external factors (such as family wealth). Finally, they read a list of TV programmes and indicated which they regularly watched.Participants who were heavy viewers of rags-to-riches programmes or frequent viewers had a stronger belief in the American Dream than those who never watched such shows.Kim concludes that “rags-to-riches entertainment media are an important cultural force that promotes and perpetuates beliefs in upward mobility”. And here’s the problem: if people mistakenly believe that hard work is all that is needed for individuals to make a better life for themselves, they may be less supportive of policies that could actually combat inequality.“In this era of choice, entertainment media are what captures hearts and minds,” Kim writes. “Its political consequences are anything but trivial”.46. What do we learn from the passage about young Americans of today?A) They have greater ambitions than their parents.B) They find it difficult to achieve upward mobility.C) They have overtaken their parents in terms of earnings.D) They envy the opportunities in other industrialised nations.47. What does Kim’s team find about reality TV shows in America?A) They reinterpret the essence of the popular rags-to-riches culture.B) They urge people to achieve economic success through hard work.C) They help strengthen people’s conviction in the American Dream.D) They feature ordinary Americans striving for social recognition.48. What does the author say about news broadcasts in America?A) They attract far fewer viewers than reality TV.B) They are bent on reporting the dark side of life.C) They stand in striking contrast with reality TV.D) They focus on Americans’ economic hardships.49. What can we infer from the passage about Republicans in general?A) They believe strongly in the American Dream.B) They strive to climb the socio-economic ladder.C) They have a very strong affiliation with their party.D) They tend to watch more rags-to-riches TV shows.50. What is stated about people who believe in upward mobility?A) They are likely to blame the government for their plight.B) They regard political consequences as anything but trivial.C) They respect individuals striving to climb the social ladder.D) They are less likely to approve of policies to fight inequalityPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.When someone asks us ‘what do you do?’ we nearly always reply with our occupation. Work, for many of us, is much more than a job. It is the defining aspect of our identity. For many of us it is through our job that we can define ourselves.“Without my job I don’t know who I am,” is a sentence that has been uttered on more than a handful of occasions from my office chair. Indeed, it can be one of the most challenging aspects I work on with clients who have lost or been forced into changing their jobs. This loss provokes an identity crisis much greater than the loss of the job itself.One of the things I have come to understand, however, is that our identity is much more complex than we recognise at first glance. If we take the time to reflect we might recognise that as well as our work we can also identify as a friend, a spouse, a son or daughter, a parent, a member of a sports team or religious community. We may recognise that we feel and act differently in these roles and relationships than we do at work. The passive daughter becomes an assertive leader at work. Furthermore, our identities at work are not static. They change over time.I myself have been a shop assistant, a waitress, a student, a graduate, and a clinical psychologist. At each stage my ability to adapt to and develop my career identity has been crucial to my wellbeing. Whilst we like to eliminate uncertainty in our lives at some level we have to manage uncertainty, especially in today’s volatile and ever-shifting job market.How we see ourselves is central to the issue of our identity. When we tell ourselves “I’m good at starting projects but not so great at seeing them through” it can become part of our belief system. But if you have the unfortunate experience of an enforced job change you will need to examine those beliefs to see how grounded in reality they are. You will be required to ask yourself how helpful these beliefs are and consider personal change. We can change our beliefs, behaviours and emotional experience at any time through experimentation, practice and conscious self-discipline. In an age where career progression may lead us into new sectors it is ever more important to challenge our sense of self and explore whether you can create a new experience of your identity by changing the beliefs you hold about yourself in order to expand your career options. Ultimately it is you who define who you are. You are only your job if you let it be so.51. What do we learn from the passage about one’s loss of a job?A) It compels them to visit a clinical psychologist.B) It offers them a chance to play different roles.C) It renders them puzzled about who they are.D) It forces them to redefine their life’s goals.52. What has the author come to understand about our identity?A) It is crucial to our emotional wellbeing.B) It plays a big role in many facets of life.C) It reflects our changing status in society.D) It is more complicated than it appears.53. What does the passage say about our identities at work?A) They are essential to our self-esteem.B) They evolve with the passage of time.C) They overrule all other self-perceptions.D) They are key to understanding ourselves.54. What do we have to do in today’s ever-changing job market?A) Strive to develop our social identity.B) Prepare for different career paths.C) Try to be assertive at all times.D) Learn to manage uncertainty.55. What should we do to expand our career options?A) Alter our perceptions of ourselves.B) Compare various job opportunities.C) Look into newly emerging sectors.D) Exercise self-discipline consciously.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国盛产竹子，是最早开发利用竹资源的国家。

2011年6月b级英语试题及答案一、听力部分1. A) At the bookstore.B) At the library.C) At the post office.D) At the bank.2. A) He is going to the cinema.B) He is going to the concert.C) He is going to the museum.D) He is going to the park.3. A) He will go to the party.B) He will not go to the party.C) He has not decided yet.D) He will go to the party if he is free.4. A) She is a teacher.B) She is a student.C) She is a doctor.D) She is a nurse.5. A) He is satisfied with his job.B) He is not satisfied with his job.C) He is looking for a new job.D) He is going to change his job.6. A) He will go to the party.B) He will not go to the party.C) He has not decided yet.D) He will go to the party if he is free.7. A) She is a teacher.B) She is a student.C) She is a doctor.D) She is a nurse.8. A) He is satisfied with his job.B) He is not satisfied with his job.C) He is looking for a new job.D) He is going to change his job.二、词汇和语法部分9. The ________ of the meeting has been changed to next Monday.A) dateB) timeC) placeD) subject10. She is a very ________ person and always helps others.A) activeB) kindC) lazyD) selfish11. The weather in this area is very ________.A) changeableB) stableC) predictableD) constant12. He has been working in this company for ________.A) two and a half yearsB) two and half yearsC) two and a half yearD) two and half year13. The ________ of the meeting has been changed to next Monday.A) dateB) timeC) placeD) subject14. She is a very ________ person and always helps others.A) activeB) kindC) lazyD) selfish15. The weather in this area is very ________.A) changeableB) stableC) predictableD) constant三、阅读理解部分Passage 116. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The importance of time management.B) The benefits of taking a break.C) The effects of stress on health.D) The role of technology in modern life.17. According to the passage, what is the best way to deal with stress?A) To take a break.B) To work harder.C) To ignore it.D) To seek professional help.18. What is the author's opinion about technology?A) It is a great invention.B) It can be a source of stress.C) It is not necessary in modern life.D) It has no impact on our lives.Passage 219. What is the main purpose of the passage?A) To introduce a new product.B) To provide information about a company.C) To announce a new policy.D) To promote a new service.20. What is the main advantage of the product mentioned in the passage?A) It is affordable.B) It is easy to use.C) It is environmentally friendly.D) It is durable.21. What is the target audience of the passage?A) Business owners.B) Students.C) Environmentalists.D) Consumers.四、写作部分22. Write an email to your friend about your recent trip to the countryside. Include details about the place, the activities you did, and your overall experience.Dear [Friend's Name],I hope this email finds you well. I recently went on a trip to the countryside and wanted to share my experience with you. The place was absolutely breathtaking, with lush green fields and fresh air that was a welcome change from the city. We stayed in a quaint little cottage that was cozy and comfortable.During our stay, we engaged in various activities such as hiking, fishing, and even tried our hand at farming. The highlight of the trip was the hike we took through the nearby woods, where we spotted a variety of wildlife and enjoyed the serenity of nature.Overall, the trip was a refreshing escape from the hustle and bustle of city life. I would highly recommend it to anyone looking for a peaceful getaway. I hope you get a chance to experience the countryside soon.Looking forward to hearing about your own adventures.Best regards,[Your Name]五、翻译部分23. 随着科技的发展，人们的生活越来越便利。

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic ofReuse of Textbooks in Schools. You should writeat least120words following the outline given below.1. 目前有些中小学开始循环使用课本，好处是…2. 也可能会产生一些问题3. 我对此的看法Reuse of Textbooks in SchoolsPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions onAnswer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7’ choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Tell-All Generation Learns to Keep Things OfflineMin Liu, a 21-year-old liberal arts student at the New School in New York City, got a Facebook account at 17 and recorded her college life in detail, from rooftop drinks with friends to dancing at a downtown club. Recently, though, she has had second thoughts.Concerned about her career prospects, she asked a friend to take down a photograph of her drinking and wearing a tight dress. When the woman overseeing herinternship(实习）askedto join her Facebook circle, Ms. Liu agreed, but limited access to her Facebook page. “I want people to take me seriously," she said.The conventional wisdom suggests that everyone under 30 is comfortable revealing every aspect of their lives online, from their favorite pizza to most frequent sexual partners. But many members of the tell-all generation are rethinking what it means to live out loud.While participation in social networks is still strong, a survey released last month by the University of California, Berkele y, found that more than half the young adults questioned had become more concerned about privacy than they were five years ago — mirroring the number of people their parent's age or older with that worry.They are morediligent(勤奋的）than older adults, however, in trying to protect themselves. In a new study to be released this month, the Pew Internet Project has found that people in their 20s exert more control over their digital reputations than older adults, more vigorously deleting unwanted posts and limiting information about themselves. “Social networking requires watchfldness, not only in what youpost, but what your friends post about you," said Mary Madden, a senior research specialist who oversaw the study by Pew, which examines online behavior. "Now you are responsible for everything."Theerosion(侵蚀）of privacy has become a pressing issue among active users of social networks. Last week, Facebook scrambled to fix a security breach that allowed users to see their friends' supposedly private information, including personal chats.Sam Jackson, a junior at Yale who started a blog when he was 15 and who has been an intern at Google, said he had learned not to trust any social network to keep his information private. "If I go back and look, there are things four years ago I would not say today," he said. "I am much moreself censoring (自检I'll try to be honest and forthright, but I am conscious now who I am talking to."He has learned to live out loud mostly by trial and error and has come up with his own theory: concentric layers of sharing. His Facebook account, which he has had since 2005, is strictly personal. "I don't want people to know what my movie rentals are," he said. “If I am sharing something, I want to know what's being shared with others."Mistrust of the intentions of social sites appears to exist everywhere. In its telephone survey of 1,000 people, the Berkeley Center for Law and Technology at the University of California found that 88 percent of the 18- to 24-year-olds it surveyed last July said there should be a law that requires Web sites to delete stored information. And 62 percent said they wanted a law that gave people the right to know everything a Web site knows about them.That mistrust is translating into action. In the Pew study, to be released shortly, researchers interviewed 2,253 adults late last summer and found that people aged 18 to 29 were more apt to monitor privacy settings than older adults are, and they more often delete comments or remove their names from photos so they cannot be identified. Younger teenagers wer e not included in these studies, and they may not have the same privacy concerns. But anecdotal evidence suggests that many of them have not had enough experience to understand the downside to oversharing.Elliot Schrage, who oversees Facebook's global communications and public policy strategy, said it was a good thing that young people are thinking about what they put online. “We are not forcing anyone to use it," he said of Facebook. But at the same time, companies like Facebook have a financialincentive (刺激）to get friends to share as much as possible. That's because the more personal the information that Facebook collects, the more valuable the site is to advertisers, who can mine it to serve up more targeted ads.Two weeks ago，Senator Charles E. Schumer, Democrat of New York,petitioned(请求）the Federal Trade Commission to review the privacy policies of social networks to make sure consumers are not being deliberately confused or misled. The action was sparked by a recent change to Facebook's settings that forced its more than 400 million users to choose to "opt out" of sharing private information with third- party Web sites instead of "opt in," a move which confounded many of them.Mr. Schrage of Facebook said, “We try diligently to get people to understand the changes." But in many cases, young adults are teaching one another about privacy.Ms. Liu is not just policing her own behavior, but her sister's, too. Ms. Liu sent a text message to her 17-year-old sibling warning her to take down a photo of a guy sitting on her sister's lap. Why? Her sister wants to audition for "Glee" and Ms. Liu didn't want the show's producers to see it. Besides, what if her sister became a celebrity? "It brings to mind an image where if you became famous anyone could pull up a picture and send it to TMZ," Ms. Liu said.Andrew Klemperer, a 20-year-old at Georgetown University, said it was a classmate who warned him about the implications of the recent Facebook change — through a status update on (where else?) Facebook. Now he is more diligent in monitOTing privacy settings and apt to warn others, too.Helen Nissenbaum, a professor of culture, media and communication at New York University and author of "Privacy in Context," a book about information sharing in the digital age, said teenagers were naturally protective of their privacy as theynavigate(行走）the path to adulthood, and the frequency with which companies change privacy rules has taught them to be watchful.That was the experience of Kanupriya Tewari, a 19-year-old pre-med student at Tufts University. Recently she sought to limit the information a friend could see on Facebook but found the process cumbersome. “I spent like an hour trying to figure out how to limit my profile, and I couldn't," she said. She gave up because she had chemistry homework to do, but vowed to figure it out after finals. “I don't think they would look out for me，’’she said. “I have to look out for me."1. Why did Min Liu ask a friend to delete a picture about her?[A] Her friend violated her privacy. [B] She's afraid that it may affect her job.[C] Her boss was angry at the picture. [D] She wanted to post it on her own blog.2. What's the generally accepted opinion about people under 30 in America?[A] They are more sexually open. [B] They think about what they post online.[C] They share everything of their lives online. [D] They are eager to win respect from others.3. A study of the Pew Internet Project shows that compared with older adults, young adults today[A] pay less attention to privacy [B] act more in protecting their privacy[C] care less about digital reputation [D] are more honest and straightforward4. What is said about Sam Jackson, an intern at Google, in the passage?[A] He made a number of mistakes four years ago.[B] He decided not to talk with strangers online.[C] He was not honest when he chatted online before.[D] He doubted social sites in protecting his privacy.5. What does the survey of the Berkeley Center for Law and Technology reveal?[A] Most young adults question why social sites store their information.[B] Mistrust of social sites has spread from young adults to older users.[C] Old users tend to delete comments more than younger users.[D] More social sites inform users before collecting their information.6. Different from people aged 18 to 29，younger teenagers_______ •[A] seldom suffer from private information leakage[B] are very active participating in social networks[C] learn earlier to protect their private information[D] haven't learned the negative part of living out loud7. According to the passage, the oversharing personal information collected by Facebook actually[A] is discouraged by Facebook's executives[B] enhances communication between friends[C] brings the company advertisement incomes[D] is achieved through financial rewards to users8. The Federal Trade Commission was asked to examine privacy policies to stop websites'9. Georgetown University student Andrew Klemperer now watches closely_________________________________ of Facebook.10. According to Helen Nissenbaum，if social sites change privacy policies quite often, teenagers will learn to be________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause，you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] Professor's lecture is borkig but crucial.[B] It's not necessary for the man to attend the lecture.[C] The man should have been more attentive in the lecture.[D] Professor's lecture has nothing to do with the final exam.12. [A] He'd better submit his resume at once. [B] Not all applicants will be interviewed. [C] She does need his help forthe moment. [D] There might not be any interview at all.13. [A] The man wants to be a business manager.[B] The woman is working in a kindergarten.[C] The woman is not happy with the man's decision.[D] The man will go in for business right after high school.14. [A] Lend her his hiking shoes. [B] Be more flexible. [C] Lend her his gym shoes. [D] Take moreexercise.15. [A] The woman paid only $120 on her books.[B] Joanna saves a lot of money on textbooks.[C] The man doesn't think textbooks are expensive.B] He should quit his job as soon as possible.D] He should be more positive toward his work.B] He believes the woman is not serious.D] He thinks dining at Hilton is not worthwhile.B] He has a charming personality.D] There were so many applicants.n you have just heard.B] She will travel in the downtown.D] She will do the teaching job.B] They can not pass the examination.D] They can not catch up with the lessons.B] She finishes her examinations first.D] She affords more time to the tutoring.[D] Many students find useful books in the bookstore.16. [A]He should try a different field of work. [C] He should find a more promising position,17. [A] He doesn't enjoy the dishes at Hilton. [C] He isn't familiar with the way to Hilton.18. [A] He has no experience at all. [C] He is so lucky that he got the job.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversatio19. [A] She will take some lessons. [C] She will attend the party.20. [A] They can not find a good math teacher. [C] They can not meet the requirements.21. [A] She asks for a leave from her professor. [C] She only gives the lessons on weekend.22. [A] She needs more efforts to help the students.[B] She has made some encouraging achievements.[C] She is lack of time for teaching.[D] She can do nothing to help the students.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] A college degree. [B] Good credit record.[C] Living in the college. [D] An age of at least 18 years.24. [A] Free. [B] 18 pounds per year. [C] 25 pounds per year. [D] 125 poundsper year.25. [A] You will get a fine. [B] You will be given a booklet.[C] You cannot borrow any item. [D] Your rights of borrowing will be canceledSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you mil hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After ？ou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], r B], [C] and[DJ. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2with a single line /trough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. [A] It keeps readers away from the PC.[B] It helps a lot with environment protection.[C] It costs less than buying traditional newspapers.[D] It will become the best means of advertisements. 11. [A] It offers 24-hour newspaper service.[B] It is only sold on Amazon's website in US.[C] It is a portable e-newspaper reading device.[D] It can be rented at $ 5.99 to $14.99 monthly.28. [A] The e-newspapers don't contain pictures.[B] It only offers headlines and tops of articles.[C] Its black-and-white screen isn't big enough.[D] The pages don't appeal to the readers much.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] Ambitious but sensible. [B] Ambitious and unrealistic.[C] Expecting the child to be a genius. [D] Setting a super high standard for the child.50. [A] He knows very little about music.[B] He is a member of a large orchestra.[C] He wants Michael to be a great trumpet player.[D] He never makes Michael enter music competition. 11. [A] Both of them are successful educators.[B] They are happy even when Winston does not win.[C] They want Winston to be a successful musician.[D] They fail to enter Winston in many piano competitions. 2. [A] He does not like to play piano.He has to attend many piano lessons.He has to enter every piano competition.He is afraid of disappointing his parents.Passage Threequestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have justheard. ?. [A] It will always be very profitable.[B] It's easier and cheaper than ever before.[C] The moneymakers will get you off the ground.[D] It requires very little knowledge in management.[A] A magazine, an idea and a laptop.[B] A friend, an idea and good knowledge of Internet.[C] Some knowledge about business, an idea and $10,000.[D] An idea, a little knowledge about Internet and $10,000.35. [A] It develops modestly but steadily.[B] There is a lot of free stuff on Tayman's website.[C] It began to show signs of failure within months.[D] Its capacity is approximately 10,000 visits each week.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the secona time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Internet data shows that younger adults have become the primary audienceobsessed(着迷)with altering their personal appearance. The recent (36)_____________ death of Stephanie Kuleba, an18-year-old high school cheerleader who died as a (37)______________ of a plastic surgery, broughlour attention to the (38)___________ of a more "ideal" body amongst teenagers. In fact, search data(39)__________ this phenomenon. One of the most (40)_____________ sites visited from the searchterm "plastic surgery" is the official site of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Over 25% oi visitors to the site fell within the 18- to 24-year-old~~that's up from 19.6% two years ago.Plastic (41)___________ has become an American obsession. Checking other markets, such asthe United Kingdom and Australia, the 18- to 24-year-old fascination with plastic surgery is a (42〕_________ U.S. phenomenon.Looking at other health-related sites visited by 18- to 24-year-olds (43)_______________ just howobsessed this age group is with appearance. Unlike the older groups who visit sites related tcdiseases and keeping healthy, (44)_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ’ such as those focused on bodybuilding, weight loss ancskincare. And definitely plastic surgery.While surgery-themed television may be driving the interest of a younger audience, (45)_________the failing US economy. If we track the trend in searches on topics such as "plastic surgery", (46______ . In fact, if we look at the search patterns around popular surgeries, over the last year the tern"cost" appear most commonly.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes Section ADirections:In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wor for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passag through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a lette Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throug the centre. You may not use any of thewords inthe bank more thanonce. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Managers need to find ways to give their employees a lift to improve theirmorale(士气).Thai where team-building exercises and other spiritual encouragement can come into 47 . The theory that a trust-building game，a wilderness adventure, a cooking class or even full-contact chocola bingo(宾果游戏）一yes, it exists ——will help 48 teamwork, bring cheer and thus encourageeveryone to work harder and better together.Yes，promoting teamwork is 49 . Getting everyone together for a shared activity can improve team spirit. But，too often, formal team-building programs 50 only minor, short-lived improvements in encouragement or performance.Still, employers do need to support teamwork, 51 in bad climate. The 52 news is that what works is often fairly simple and inexpensive. The key to improving morale，several experts said, is understanding what 53 to your workers.Curbing executiveperks(津贝占）and salaries can also go a long way toward building morale，according to Professor Kets de Vries. It is 54 unlikely that workers of car factories got much of a lift watching their industry's top executives take private jets to Washington in November to ask for financial aid. “If you get paid 500 times what the 55 worker is paid, that is ridiculous，，，Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [DJ. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Loneliness has been linked to depression and other health problems. Now, a study says it can also spread. A friend of a lonely person was fifty-two percent more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. And a friend of that friend was twenty-five percent more likely to do the same.Earlier findings showed that happiness, obesity and the ability to stop smoking can also spread like infections within social groups. The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham, Massachusetts.The study began in 1948 to investigate the causes of heart disease. Since then，more tests have )een added, including measures of loneliness and depression.The new findings involved more than 5,000 people in the second generation of the Framingham ieart Study. The researchers examined friendship histories and reports of loneliness. The results established a pattern that spread as people reported few er close friends.For example, loneliness can affect relationships between next-door neighbors. The loneliness preads as neighbors who were close friends now spend less time together. The study also found liat loneliness spreads more easily among women than men. Researchers from the University of Chicago，Harvard and the University of California, San )iego, did the study. The findings appeared last month in theJournal of Personality and Social Psychology.The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. The study )und that having a lonely friend can add about 17 days. But every additional friend can decrease meliness by about five percent, or two and a half days. Lonely people become less and less trusting of others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends一and more likely that society will reject them.John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago led the study. He says it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. He says people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.The aim should be to aggressively create what he calls a “protective barrier" against loneliness. This barrier, he says, can keep the whole network from coming apart.57. According to the passage，what can also spread among people besides loneliness? [A] Friendship.[B] Happiness.[C] Depression. [D] Smoking.58. What does the author say about the Framingham Heart Study starting from 1948?[A] It expanded its research topics.[B] It involved 5,000 patients of depression.[C] It identified loneliness as one key factor for heart disease.[D] It examined the relationship between loneliness and depression.59. According to the passage, the spread of loneliness_______ .[A] leads to a gradual loss of friends [B] is a common phenomenon among women[C] is often found in the neighborhood [D] ruins the relationships between close friends60. John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago suggests that loneliness can________ .[A] result in aggressiveness [B] cause people to be overprotective[C] affect social networks [D] push people to the verge of poverty61. What is the main idea of the passage?[A] Loneliness can spread. [B] Loneliness is linked to depression.[C] Lonely people tend to grow fat. [D] Lonely people need more friends.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.California has a new program called the Digital Textbook Initiative. "Starting this fall with higl school math and science，we will be the first state in the nation —the first state in the nation —to provide schools with a state-approved list of digital textbooks." That was Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger ir June, talking about his effort to get schools to use materials available free online. He listed reasons why h( thinks digital textbooks make sense.California approves traditional textbooks in six-year cycles. Digital ones can offer the lates information. They lighten the load of school bags. They save paper and trees, and make learning more ftu and interactive. And above all, he said, they help schools with their finances.The state has had to make severe cuts in school spending because of deep financial problems. Mor than six million students attend California public schools.Earlier this year, California invited content developers to offer digital math and science material for high schools. These had to meet at least ninety percent of the state's learning requirements. Speciall trained teachers examined 16 textbooks and approved ten of them.Six of the ten were published by the CK12 Foundation. Co-founder Neeru Khosla says the nonproi group had been developing digital science and math books for about two years. The foundation pa: teachers and other education professionals to write and edit them. The money came from a group finance by the Khosla family. The AMAR Foundation also supports projects in India.California cannot require schools to use the digital textbooks. Individual school districts will have decide for themselves. Susan Martimo，a California Department of Education official，says she does not expect widesprei use right away. Her best guess is that some schools with a lot of technology will be the first to use thei but only in addition to their traditional books. School administrators point out that the texts may be free online, but students need a way to access them. Not everyone has a computer or electronic reader. Schools could print out copies, but that would not help the environment. Also, there is the cost to train teachers to use digital textbooks effectively.62. We learn from the passage that the Digital Textbook Initiative_______ .[A] will probably take effect in six years [B] covers all the high school subjects [C] has been approved by all states[D] is advocated by California state governor63. The main reason for promoting digital textbooks is to_______ .[A] help schools save money [B] benefit the environment[C] provide interesting materials [D] reduce students' heavy burden64. What does the author say about CK12 Foundation?[A] It approved and produced 16 digital textbooks.[B] It paid teachers to write digital textbooks.[C] It is financed by California state government.[D] It makes money through developing digital textbooks.65. According to Susan Martimo, digital textbooks_______ .[A] are not likely to have a widespread use[B] will soon replace traditional ones[C] will first be adopted by well-equipped schools[D] are certain to be approved by school districts66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Schools are reluctant to print out copies.[B] The use of digital textbooks is not really free.[C] Students need to pay for computers.[D] Training teachers to use the textbooks is not efficient.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [DJ on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to 67 others to buy the f ood they have produ ced or the goods they have made or the services they can 68 • But in the 19th century the mass production of goods 69 from the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling 70 . The mass distribution of goods that 71 the development of the railway and highway made person-to- person selling too slow and 72 . At the same time, mass communication — first newspapers and magazines then radio and television 一made mass selling through 73 possible. The objective of any advertisement is to J74people that it is in their best 75 to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action _76 be to purchase a product or to use a service, vote for a political candidate or 77 to join the Army.Advertising as a 78 developed first and most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest 79 . In 1980 advertising expenditures in the US exceeded 55 billion dollars or 80 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product 81 advertising.82 advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer as 83 . Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold 84 through advertising is usually far 85 than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally advertising 86 for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of。

广东省2011年高考全真模拟试卷（六）（英语）本试卷四大题，满分135分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。

用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。

将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。

选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一井交回。

I 语言知识及应用（共两节。

满分45分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

My father believed that there was mysterious forces at work in the world. One day, when he was lecturing me on these tales, a neighbour woman 1 entered, with two geese in hands. She smiled nervously and looked 2 .“Yusef, I have a very 3 problem. These dead geese, they keep shrieking in such a sad voice…”.My father turned pale. “But dead geese don’t shriek,” my mother 4 .“You’ll hear for yourself,”replied the woman. And so it happened. It is impossible to 5 what I heard. My hands grew 6 and I wanted to run from the room.Father was no less 7 than I was. He 8 from the table. Just then, for the second and the third time, the shriek came again. “Well, I didn’t 9 it, did I?”Suddenly my mother laughed. “Did you 10 the windpipes?” my mother asked.“The windpipes? No…”.Mother took hold of one of the geese, and 11 the windpipe. She did the same with the other one. I was surprised by my mother’s 12 . “Now, try it again.” I was 13 to hear the geese shriek, but they were dead silent.“There is always a(an) 14 . Dead geese don’t shriek,” said my mother. “Now go home and cook them for the meal. They won’t make a sound in your 15 .”1. A. suddenly B. cheerfully C. jokingly D. surprisingly2. A. tired B. frightened C. amazed D. pleased3. A. simple B. sudden C. unusual D. interesting4. A. went on B. broke up C. cut in D. spoke out5. A. remember B. understand C. describe D. bear6. A. hot B. cold C. still D. hard7. A. curious B. excited C. frightened D. interested8. A. walked away B. moved off C. jumped away D. took off9. A. mean B. notice C. design D. imagine10. A. remove B. change C. break D. block11. A. pulled out B. pulled off C. stretched up D. broke up12. A. action B. courage C. strength D. speed13. A. trying B. pretending C. expecting D. preparing14. A. fact B. truth C. method D. explanation15. A. kitchen B. pot C. hand D. house第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。

2011年全国职称英语考试模拟试题及答案综合类（A级）第一部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A. badB. politeC. similarD. usual2. Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A. loveB. surpriseC. doubtD. anger3. Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A. energenticB. physicalC. regularD. free4. Our aggrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.A. failureB. confusionC. doubt5. Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A. evidenceB. dangerC. caseD. picture6. I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A. longB. originalC. humorousD. boring7. He demolished my arguments in minutes.A. disprovedB. disputedC. acceptedD. supported8. The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.A. combineB. sellC. closeD. break9. Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.A. immediateB. greatD. moderate10. I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A. privateB. generalC. goodD. special11. Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.A. attractB. encourageC. requireD. spend12. He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.A. criticalB. tembleC. necessaryD. normal13. I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer, it's driving me mad.A. measureB. generateC. tolerateD. reduce14. The project required ten years of diligent research.A. hardworkingC. basicD. social15. He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.A. unclearB. brightC. badD. general第二部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive,for example,were smaller-two-bedroom units under1,000square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls,the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’details and proportions,the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward“less”was not entirely foreign.In the1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around1,200square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the1890s and the early20th century.The“Case Study Houses”commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts&Architecture magazine between1945and1962were yet another homegrown influence on the“less is more”trend.Aesthetic effect came from the landscape,new materials and forthright detailing.In his Case Study House,Ralph everyday life-few American families acquired helicopters,though most eventually got clothes dryers-but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31.The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’.[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph3about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33.Mies held that elegance of architectural design.[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34.What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35.What can we learn about the design of the“Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text4Will the European Union make it?The question would have sounded strange not long ago.Now even the project’s greatest cheerleader’s talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle”of debt,population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems,the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core,the16countries that use the single currency.Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies,weaker or stronger,will one day[C]conceited[D]hopefulPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood.Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text（41-45）.There are two extra headings that you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10points）Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose"fat taxes"on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments last week by the health secretary,Andrew Lansley,who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools,restrict advertising of products high in fat,salt or sugar,and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity,diabetes and heart disease.Professor Terence Stephenson,president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health,said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or binge drinking."Thirty years ago,it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs,and yet that is what we have now.Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity?I would suggest that we should be,"said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead.He said that manufacturers of crisps and confectionery could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign,the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness.He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing"people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before the9pm watershed and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas."If we were really bold,we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes–by setting stringent limits on advertising,product placement and sponsorship of sports events,"he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's,which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association.Fast-food chains should also stop offering"inducements"such as toys,cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers,Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra,president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists,said:"If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth,and that some things can harm,at least information is available up front."He also urged councils to impose"fast-food-free zones"around schools and hospitals–areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said:"We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer.This includes creating a new'responsibility deal'with business,built on social responsibility,not state ter this year,we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."Part ADirection:Suppose your cousin,Liming,has just been admitted to a university,write him/her a letter to1)congratulate him/her,and2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.Your should write about100words on ANSER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part BDirections:Write a short essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write at least150words.Write your essay on ANWER SHEET2.(15points)2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本篇文章是一篇说明文，阐述了现代网络安全问题以及对美国网络安全总管Howard Schmidt先生对网络安全问题提出的新的解决方案。

2023年6月英语六级真题及答案(完整版)2023年6月英语六级真题及答案(完整版)大学英语考试根据理工科本科和文理科本科用的两个《大学英语教学大纲》，由教育部（原国家教育委员会）高等教育司组织的全国统一的单科性标准化教学考试，下面是小编给大家推荐的2023年6月英语六级真题及答案完整版。

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2023年6月英语四级真题及答案完整版2023英语六级答案6月（完整版）第一套听力1.B ) It was warm and comfortable .2.B ) She misses her roommates she used to complain about .3.C ) He had a similar feeling to the woman ' s .4.A ) Go to see the woman ' s apartment .5.D ) He has published a book recently .6.C ) It has not prepared young people for the jobi ja market .7.A ) More of the budget should go to science and technology .8.D ) Cultivate better citizens .9. A ) It is quite common .10. B ) Engaging in regular contemplation .11. D ) Reflecting during ones relaxation .12. C ) There existed post offices .13. D ) It kept people in the deserts and plains connected .14. B ) It commissioned private wagons to carry the mail .15. C ) He examined its historical trends with data science .16. A ) Higher levels of anxiety may improve people ' s memory .17.C ) They measured the participants ' anxiety levels . SP18. B ) Extreme levels of anxiety can adversely affect cognitive performance .19. D ) They expect to get instantaneous responses to their inquiry .20. C ) Speaking directly to their emotions .21.B ) Keep up with the latest technological developments .22. D )- Friendships benefit work .23. A ) The impact of friends on people ' s self - esteem .24. D ) They increase people ' s job satisfaction .25. A ) Allow employees to have a flexible work schedule .2023英语六级答案6月（完整版）第二套听力1.A) She is drawn to its integration of design andengineering .2.D) Through hard work3.C) It is long - lasting .4.A) Computer science .5.B) He is well known to the public .6.D) Serve as a personal assistant .7.D) He has little previous work experience .8.C) He has a high proficiency in several languages .9.A) They have fewer rules and pressures .10.B) They rob kids of the chance to cultivate their courage .11.C) Let them participate in some less risky outdooractivities .12.B) Tech firms intentionally design products to have shortlifespans13.C) List a repairability score of their products .14.D) Take the initiative to reduce e lectronie waste .15.A) It can be solved .16.B) How to prevent employees from cyberloafing .17.C) Cyberloafing may relieve employees of stress .18.A) Taking mini - breaks means better job performance19.D) There were no trees .20.B) He founded a newspaper and used it to promote hisideas .21.C) One million trees were planted throughout Nebraska22.B) They moved out of Africa about 60,000 years ago .23.D) The discovery of two modern human teeth in China .24.A) There must have been some reason for humanmigration .25.D) What path modern humans took to migrate out of Africa2023英语六级答案6月（完整版）第三套听力：待更新2023六月英语六级答案——选词填空（第一套）Scientists recently examined studies on dog intelligence ..26.N surpass27.K previously28.O volumn29.M prove30.A affirmed31.G formidable32.D differentiate33.E distinct34.C completely35.I overstated2023六月英语六级答案——选词填空（第二套）Imagine sitting down to a big dinner ...26.H indulging27.I innumerable28.J morality29.A attributes30.K odds31.M regulatory32.G inclined33.N still34.E diminishing35.B comprised2023六月英语六级答案——选词填空（第三套）You might not know yourself as wellasyouthink ...26.L relatively27.I probes28.A activated29.k recall30.D consecutive31.C assessment32.G discrepancy33.E cues34.J random35.O terminate2023英语六级答案6月（完整版）信息匹配1答案速查36-40 GDJHB41-45 ICLEN36.【 G 】 With only 26 students ...37.【 D 】I’ve had the priviledge of38.【 J 】 The average tuition at a small ...39.【 H 】" Living in close community ..40.【 B 】 In higher education the trend ...41.【 I 】 Sterling Collegein Craftsbury Common ..42.【 C 】 Tiny Colleges focus not just on mi43.【 L 】 The " trick " to making tiny colleges ...44.【 E 】 Having just retired from teaching at a ...45.【 N 】The ultimate justification for a tiny college……2023英语六级答案6月（完整版）信息匹配236-40 CGAIF41-45 KDMBH36【 C 】 Defoe ' s masterpiece , which is often ..37【 G 】 There are multiple explanations ...38【 A 】 Gratitude may be more beneficiasm39【 I 】 Of course , act of kindness can also ...40【 F 】 Recent scientific studies support .41【 K 】 Reflecting on generosity and gratitude ...42【 D 】 When we focus on the things ....43【 M 】When Defoe depicted Robinson ...44【 B 】 While this research into ...45【 H 】 Gratitude also tends to strengthens a sense2023英语六级答案6月（完整版）信息匹配3答案速查36-40 EAFCH41-45 BIEKG36.【 E 】 Curran describes socilly prescibed .37.【 A 】 When psychologist Jessica Pryor ...38.【 F 】 Perfectionism can , of course , be ...39.【 C 】 What ' s more , perfectionism ...40.【 H 】 While educators and parents have ...41.【 B 】 Along with other therapists ...42.【 I 】 Bach , who sees many students ....43.【 E 】Curan describes socially prescribed …44.【K 】Brustein likes to get his perfectionist clients to create ...45.【 G 】 Brustein says his perfectionist clients ...英语六级翻译答案6月2023年：城市发展近年来，中国城市加快发展，城市人居住环境得到显著改善。

2011年硕士研究生入学考试英语(二) 真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users，a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime thathas 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation's cyber-czar，offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digitalcredential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. Usercould 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these"single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a "walled garden" n cyberspace，with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs".Still，the administration's plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach；others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet "drive's license" mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts，who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves，in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2． A.for B.within C.while D.though3． A.careless wless C.pointless D.helpless4． A.reason B.reminder promise D.proposal5． rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6． A.by B.into C.from D.over7． A.linked B.directed C.chained pared8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13． A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving peting14． A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15． A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16． A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17． A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually 18． A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm 19． A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible 20． A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A，B，C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000：a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee；how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked？By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time，she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful，yet less biased，advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere，they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky，and the share price is falling，outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age，so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure，the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases，and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive，it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up." Leaving riskier，smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks，even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons，once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1，Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director's surprise departure，the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper？A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America's Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations？Should the state subsidize them ？It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers，which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry，have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago，but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13，500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and，sadly for many journalists，they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses，with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008，according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly，Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody，but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying "Newspapers like … their own doom" (Lines 3-4，Para. 1)，the author indicates that newspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts，Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business？[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers：Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers：Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers：A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers：A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth，with soldiers returning home by the millions，going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses，it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war，Americans had learned tolive with less，and that restraint，in combination with the postwar confidence in the future，made small，efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German，the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe，who like other people associated with the Bauhaus，a school of design，emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture，but none more so that Mies.Mies's signature phrase means that less decoration，properly organized，has more impact that a lot. Elegance，he believed，did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects，he employed metal，glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient，rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive，for example，were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1，000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city's Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls，the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings' details and proportions，the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1，200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape，new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House，Ralph everyday life - few American families acquired helicopters，though most eventually got clothes dryers - but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans' .[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus？[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago's Lake Shore Drive？[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the "Case Study House"？[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it？The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt，population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems，the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core，the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies，weaker or stronger，will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency，which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers，France and Germany，agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone，but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness，barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country's voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club，among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour；in the inner core alone，Germany fears，a small majority favour French interference.A "southern" camp headed by French wants something different："European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated，that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members，via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally，figures close to the France government have murmured，curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization：e.g.，curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world's largest trading block. At its best，the European project is remarkably liberal：built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries，its internal borders are far more open to goods，capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization，and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU's single currency is stuck because the dominant powers .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ，Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU，the author seems to feel __ __.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPart BDirections：Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)46．Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese，write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that，globally，the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. To deliver results to its users quickly，then，Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world，packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2，these computers emit a great deal of heat，so the centres need to be well air-conditioned，which uses even more energy.However，Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction，but there is much to be done，and not just by big companies.2011考研英语(二)小作文suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/her a letter to:(1)Congratulate him/her,and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university lifeyou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use "zhangwe2011考研英语（二）大作文write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsyou should write at least 150 wrodswrite your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)参考答案客观题1-5 ACBDD 6-10 BACCA 11-15 DBACA 16-20 CDACD21-25BBDAA26-30DBCBB31-35BDCDB36-40DCBAC41-45EDCFG46．翻译有谁会想到，在全球范围内，IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多？占二氧化碳总排量的2%.很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。