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新编跨文化交际英语教程期末翻译题U n i t2.4.5.6中英对照(总3页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除UNIT 2文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序，我们“头脑的软件”。
Culture is sometimes referred to as our mental programming, our “software of the mind. ”但是，我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比，把文化看作是支持运行的操作环境。
But we can take that computer analogy further and say that culture is the operating environment that enables software programs to run.文化就像电脑使用的 DOS 或者Unix 或者“视窗”（Windows）等操作系统一样，使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。
Culture is like DOS or Unix or Windows:it is what enables us to process information in various specific application.用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力。
The metaphor of windows seems to be very appealing to descr ibe culture:文化就是我们心灵的视窗，透过它我们审视生活的方方面面。
culture is a mental set of windows through which all of life is viewed.一个社会中不同个体的视窗是不大一样的，但都有着一些重要的共同特征。
It varies from individual to individual within a society, but it shares important characteristics with menbers of a so ciety.文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般，人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实，因而很少去研究它。
凯程葛老师为大家整理四川师范大学翻译硕士笔译学生上课笔记与课后作业：Handout3Culture and TranslationMain Points:A.Definition:Culture is the totality of the spiritual,intellectual,and artistic attitudes shared by a group, including its tradition,habits,social customs,morals,laws,and social relations.Sociologically, every society,on every level,has its culture;the term has no implications of high development.(The New World Encyclopedia)B.Culture and Language语言是文化的产物，也是文化的载体1.Region and Culturerest on one’s oarskeep one’s head above waterall at seahave other fish to frydrink like fishAll is fish that comes to one’s net．Never offer to teach fish to swim．2.History and CultureUncle SamUncle TomRomeoShylockcarry coal to Newcastlecarry owls to Athens3.Social Custom and National MentalityTry to translate the following idioms:●Love me,love my dog.●Birds of a feather flock together.●Longest day must have an end.●Gild the lily.●A peacock in a turkey’s pen.C.Culture and Translation翻译不仅是语际转换，也是跨文化转换。
练习Ⅰ、对照下列原句及其译文,指出译者翻译处理每句话采用了哪一具体策略或技法。
1. There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness.他从容不迫,和蔼可亲。
2. The lifetime dream of every mature artist in the United States was a Lathrop Prize.在美国,每个有成就的艺术家一生的梦想,便是得一次拉索普奖。
3. All of his purchases of recent years had to be liquidated at a great sacrifice both to his health and his pocketbook.近年来他所购买的全部东西都不得不用来清偿债务。
这对他的健康和经济都是个很大的损失。
4. It gives the Lathrop Gallery pleasure to announce that the First Landscape Prize of $ 1000 has been awarded to Collis P. Ellsworth for his painting, “Tree Dressed in White.”兹将风景画一等奖美金1000元授予“穿白衣的树”的作者柯利斯·波·艾斯沃斯先生。
拉索普画廊宣布此项决定,深感荣幸。
5. She wondered at the magnitude of this life and at the importance of knowing much in order to do anything in it at all.她对这种生活景象的伟大很是吃惊,也想到在这样的地方做事需有丰富的知识。
6. She felt the need of a breath of fresh air and a drink of water, but did not venture to stir.她感到需要吸些新鲜空气,喝些水,但是她不敢动。
课程目标：1. 培养学生对翻译理论与实践的理解和运用能力。
2. 提高学生的跨文化交际意识和翻译素养。
3. 增强学生对不同翻译流派和技巧的掌握。
教学对象：大学翻译专业或相关专业的本科生。
教学时长：12周，每周2课时。
教学资源：1. 教材：《翻译理论与实践》2. 教学课件3. 翻译案例4. 翻译软件和在线资源教学内容：第一周：翻译概述- 介绍翻译的定义、历史与发展- 翻译的目的和原则- 翻译的分类（文学翻译、商务翻译、科技翻译等）教案：第一课时：翻译概述教学目标：1. 了解翻译的基本概念和发展历程。
2. 掌握翻译的目的和原则。
3. 能够区分不同类型的翻译。
教学内容：1. 翻译的定义和发展2. 翻译的目的和原则3. 翻译的分类教学方法：- 讲授法- 讨论法教学步骤：1. 教师讲解翻译的定义、历史与发展。
2. 学生分组讨论翻译的目的和原则。
3. 教师介绍翻译的分类，并举例说明。
4. 学生分享讨论结果，教师点评。
第二课时：翻译技巧初步教学目标：1. 了解翻译的基本技巧和方法。
2. 掌握直译和意译的区别。
3. 能够运用基本技巧进行翻译练习。
教学内容：1. 翻译的基本技巧（直译、意译、音译、增译、省译等）2. 直译和意译的区别3. 翻译练习教学方法：- 讲授法- 练习法教学步骤：1. 教师讲解翻译的基本技巧和方法。
2. 学生练习翻译句子，教师点评。
3. 学生讨论直译和意译的区别。
4. 教师总结并布置课后作业。
第二周：文学翻译教案：第一课时：文学翻译概述教学目标：1. 了解文学翻译的特点和难点。
2. 掌握文学翻译的基本原则。
3. 能够分析文学翻译的案例分析。
教学内容：1. 文学翻译的特点和难点2. 文学翻译的基本原则3. 文学翻译案例分析教学方法：- 讲授法- 案例分析法教学步骤：1. 教师讲解文学翻译的特点和难点。
2. 学生分析文学翻译的案例分析。
3. 教师点评并总结。
4. 学生分享自己的理解和观点。
第二课时：文学翻译技巧教学目标：1. 掌握文学翻译的技巧和方法。
乐山师范学院英语期末考试题一、单项选择(20分)。
( )1.Alice is _____English girls. Li Ying is _____Chinese girl.A. a, aB. an, anC. an, aD. a, an( )2. Could you help _____, Please?A. sheB. HisC. meD. I( )3. Look! They ____with a ball.A. playB. playsC. playingD. are playing( )4. _____ the boys like living in China?A. DoesB. DoC. AreD. Would( )5.She likes ____books.A. readsB. readC. to readD. reading( )6. Look at Millie. is a student. hair is black.A. She, SheB. She, HerC. Her, HerD. Her, She( )7. What day is it today?A. It's September 12B. It's sevenC. It's FridayD. It's Sunny( )8. There is a clock the wall in our classroom.A. ofB. inC. onD. between( )9. There aren't maps in the classroom, but there are pictures.A. some; anyB. some; someC. any; someD. any; any( )10.Jenny has ____hair.A. blond longB. long blondC. big blondD. blond big ( )11. Here is a new bag _____ you.A. toB. fromC. onD. for( )12. Danny gets up ____8:00 ____the morning.A. in, inB. at, atC. at, inD. at, on( )13. There a teacher and three boys over there.A. beB. isC. amD. are( )14. —What is your father? —________ .A. He's at homeB. He's a teacher.C. She's a teacherD. He's in his school( )15.Please ______ the picture. It is very beautiful.A. look atB. lookC. have a lookD. See( )16. There aren't____windows in my room. Are there ___windows in your room?A. some, someB. any, anyC. some, anyD. any, some ( )17 .Look! It's a photo _______ my family.A. inB. ofC. on D to( )18. It's cold today._______ the window, please.A.OpenB. OpensC. CloseD. Closes( )19. Let's go to the store ____. It's near here.A. on footB. by busC. walkD. on feet( )20.My father ____a car. He ____to work.A. have, driveB. has, by carC. has, drivesD. have, by car二、完形填空(10分)Jack is eleven years old. He is a middle school 43. He goes to school by bicycle every 44. His bike is very45. One day his bike is broken . So (于是) his father wants to buy a new bicycle for 46. On a Sunday morning , Jack and his father go to the department _47_ .Jack sees _48_ good bicycles. He chooses (选择) a blue_49_, because he likes blue50. “How much is it?”says his father . “365 yuan,”says the salesman . “I'll take the bicycle .”Jack is very 51. He rides his new bicycle to his home . Now he goes to school 52his new bike every day.（）43. A. boy B. student C. girl D. teacher（）44. A. Day B. month C. Year D.apple（）45. A. new B. broken C. fine D. old（）46. A. her B. them C. him D. me（）47. A. shop B. Store C. Office D. palace（）48. A. many B. any C. Much D. a lot（）49. A. it B. That C. This D. one（）50. A. ready B. a lot C. right D . then（）51. A .happy B. Sad C. Tired D. bad（）52. A. in B. On C by D. for三、阅读理解（20分）AMr Bruce Green and Mrs Mary Green come from the U.K.. They have two children, their son is Jim. He is fifteen years old. Kate is Jim's sister. She is thirteen. Mr Green works in No. 5 Middle school. Jim and Kate study in their mother's school, but they are in different grades(年级). Jim is in Grade Two, and Kate is in Grade One. Jim and I are in the same class. Kate goes to school with us every day. They are my good friends. They like China very much.()53. The Green family are living in ____ now.A. AmericaB. EnglandC. ChinaD. Japan()54. Mr Green has ____ children.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four()55. Jim, Kate and I are in____ .A. the same schoolB. the same classC. different schoolsD. the same house()56. ____ go to school together every day.A. Two people(人)B. Only one childC. Three peopleD. Five people()57. Jim and Kate ____.A. like ChinaB. don't like ChinaC. don't like schoolD. are not friendsBPeter was a small boy. He lived with his parents in a small house near some hills. The people there were all poor.One night it was very dry and windy.When everybody was asleep, Peter suddenly heard some noise. It came out from the kitchen. He got up and walked to the kitchen. He found that the wood beside the stove (火炉) was burning . There was no water tap (水龙头) in the house , so he could not put out (扑灭) the fire . He shouted loudly to wake up everyone in the house. Then he ran out of his house and knocked on the doors of many houses to wake the people up. They all left their houses quickly.At last the fire was put out by the firemen. Many houses were burnt. But nobody was burnt in the fire.1.Peter lived with his______.A.sistersB.brothersC.unclesD.parents2.One night he found that______ beside the stove was burning.A.the tableB.the woodC.the doorD.the window3.______, so he could not put out the fire.A.Everybody was asleepB.He couldn't shout loudlyC.The kitchen was very bigD.there was no water tap in the house4.Peter knocked on the doors of many houses______.A.to wake the people upB.to get some waterC.to find his classmatesD.to visit them5.______hurt in the fire.A.People in other houses wereB.Peter's parents wereC.Nobody wasD.Peter was四、选择适当句子完成对话。
乐山师范学院大学英语三级校考考纲本大纲是根据教育部高教司颁发的普通高校《大学英语课程教学要求》、《四川省大学英语三级英语考试大纲》（2007年修订版）精神，结合《乐山师范学院艺体类本科大学英语教学大纲》和《乐山师范学院非艺体类专科大学英语教学大纲》以及我校未通过四川省大学英语三级考试的艺体类本科和非艺体类专科学生的实际情况而设计的。
1、考试目的：通过考试，检查学生是否达到了教育部规定的大学英语课程教学要求的水平。
2、参考人员：我校未通过四川省大学英语三级考试的07、08级艺体类本科和08、09级非艺体类专科学生。
3、命题范围：3550个基础词汇和370条常用短语及搭配。
4、考试形式：笔试5、考试题型：客观题和主观题本考试每年进行一次。
在乐山师范学院教务处直接领导下，由乐山师范学院外国语学院统一命题，统一测试，统一阅卷和统计报分。
乐山师范学院2010年大学英语三级校考试题试卷设计乐山师范学院2010年大学英语三级校考试题包括四项内容：语法结构与词汇、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。
I. 语法结构与词汇(Vocabulary and Structure)本部分主要考核考生掌握所要求的基础语法与词汇的情况。
共35题，其中，词汇20题，语法结构15题，每题1分，共35分。
考试时间35分钟。
采用多项选择。
词汇命题在《四川省大学英语三级考试大纲》所列3550个词汇范围内，词汇以测试常用词的词义、用法和搭配为主，有一定的习语和短语动词，习语和短语动词也选自《四川省大学英语三级考试大纲》所列的370条常用短语及搭配。
语法部分命题范围参照《四川省大学英语三级考试大纲》语法结构表所列内容，具体包括：冠词的用法、可数名词和不可数名词、形容词和副词的比较等级、代词、数词、介词、动词的用法、动词的时态与语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、倒装、省略以及强调句型等。
II. 阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)阅读理解部分共20题, 每题1.5分，共30分，考试时间40分钟。
翻译理论与实践讲义作业一。
字词的翻译一、词的理解1.一词多义：例子：wetShe had a wet nurse for the infant Elliot. 她雇了一名奶妈为艾略特喂奶。
If you think I am for him, you are all wet. 如果你认为我支持他，那你就大错特错了。
She wet her pants at the news. 听到这个消息，她吓得尿了裤子。
2.词的大小：state and revolution, 国家与革命（列宁著作）state of the union (国情咨文)the united states. 美国（联合的各州）3.词义引申：抽象化、具体化例子：every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
She stood there chewing over the strange thing. 她站在那儿仔细地琢磨这件怪事。
The engine sounds good. 那台机器听起来很正常。
At 23, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro. 他23岁时，平生第一次尝到了做黑人的滋味。
4.词的褒贬：例子：commentAlice was excited as a child, delighted to be once more the center of the comment.爱丽丝兴奋得像个小孩子似地，很高兴自己有成了谈论的中心。
But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms.但她禁不住想到，这对她个人的魅力是多么大的讽刺啊。
He walked around the room. He then stopped and looked around, “comment” ?他在房间里走来走去，之后停下来环视着说：“谁有高见”？5.词的轻重：看词类、看场合、看句型、看习惯等等。
第十一讲西方翻译理论简介（二）：现当代翻译理论如下特点：1.翻译理论的研究开始走人文和科学相结合的道路。
2 翻译学科发展越来越全面的考虑与越来越严格的分析翻译过程中所有的重要因素现代西方的翻译理论主要有以下学派：一、布拉格学派：创始人：马西休斯（Vilem Mathesius）、特鲁贝茨考伊（Nikolay S. Trubetskoy）和雅可布逊（Roman Jakobson）这一学派的主要论点为：（１）翻译必须考虑语言的各种功能，包括认知功能、表达功能和表情功能等；（２）翻译必须重视语言的比较，包括语义、语法、语音、语言风格以及文学体裁的比较。
雅可布森的论述主要有五点：（１）翻译分为三类：语内翻译（intralingual translation）、语际翻译（interlingual translation）和符际翻译（intersemiotic translation）。
（２）对于词义的理解取决于翻译。
（３）准确的翻译取决于信息对称。
翻译所涉及的是两种不同语符中的对等信息（４）所有语言都具有同等表达能力。
（５）语法范畴是翻译中最复杂的问题。
二、伦敦学派：创始人是弗斯，主要代表人物有弗斯、卡特福德、萨瓦里（Theodore Horace Savory）和纽马克（Peter Newmark）。
弗斯（J. R. Firth）。
《语言学与翻译》（Linguistics and Translation），《语言分析与翻译》（Linguistic Analysis and Translation）弗斯着重谈到三个方面：（１）语言分析是翻译的基础；（２）完全的翻译不等于完美的翻译；（３）在任何两种语言的翻译中，一种语言的某些意义的表达方式不可能译成完全对等的另一种语言。
卡特福德（John Catford）是该学派中比较系统提出翻译理论的学者。
任教于爱丁堡大学的卡特福德１９６５年发表《翻译的语言学理论》（A Linguistic Theory of Translation）一书，为翻译理论研究开拓新的途径，引起巨大反响。
1. The moon is a world that is completely still and where utter silence prevails.月亮是一个声断音绝的世界，是一个万籁俱寂的世界。
2. He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair.他把一切错误都归罪于我，我认为这很不公平。
3. On the platform I could see a black slave who was working the pump.我看见台子上有一个黑奴正在压水泵。
（或者：我站在台子上看见一个黑奴正在压水泵。
）
4. The imperialist states maintain enormous armies and gigantic navies which are used for oppressing and exploiting the people in distant land.帝国主义国家维持庞大的陆军和海军，用以压迫和剥削远地国家的人民。
5. Glass, which breaks at a blow, is nevertheless capable of withstanding great pressure.玻璃尽管一击就碎，但却能承受很大的压力。
6. She always tried to keep her outbursts of cries private.她总是尽量不当着众人的面哭出声来。
7. According to him everything is uncanny that ought to have remained hidden and secret and yet comes to light.他认为，所有本应该隐秘但却暴露出来的都是令人不可思议的东西。
8. Rivers have what man most respects and longs in his own life and thought – a capacity to get renewal and replenishment, continual energy, creativity, cleansing.江河具有不断更新和补充的本领，永远保持着活力、创新精神和紫晶自洁的能力，这正是人一生生活和思想中最珍惜
和向往的东西。
9. The glazed look went out of Mabel’s eyes, pain showed instead.玛贝尔不再呆呆地发神，眼睛里显出痛苦的神情。
10. They could not reasonably blame him.
他们找不出理由来责怪他。
