实用文体翻译整理

实用文体翻译期末整理根据老师PPT整理而成供学弟学妹们复习使用~~一、翻译标准1、以译出语或译入语为取向的翻译原则2、直译与意译重点难点：A，He had the agility of a man half his age.他像岁数比他小一半的人那样敏捷。

B，Every dog has its day.人人皆有得意之日。

C，Cast pearls before swine. 对牛弹琴D，They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼命逃跑，连吃奶的力气都用上了。

二、英汉差别1、真朋友&假朋友2、转换：译者将大脑中分析好的语言材料——具有原语深层结构形式的一串词语——转换为具有译语深层结构的一串词语。

3、重构：将已经转换为译语深层结构的一串词语，为着符合译语惯用的表层结构形式、更好地表达原文内容、更好地体现原文功能与风格的目标，重新排列、连接或删除。

4、英汉差异——句子扩展模式中：句首开放性和句尾封闭性英：句首封闭性，句尾开放性——形合和意合中：意合英：形合5、“核心句分析法”，即把英语复杂句分解为语义相对完整的只包含单个主谓框架(即只包含一个谓语动词)的多个句子——核心句，分析各个核心句间的语义逻辑关系，然后用合乎译语表达习惯的排列方式对各核心句进行重构。

按照汉语（一）先发生先说后发生后说，（二）先说事实，后说评价，（三）先说因后说果（以及先说条件后说推断、先说手段后说目的、先说反面后说正面等）的原则，并使用适当的省略、重复、代称等，把核心句翻译成汉语。

重点难点：A,阴（the soft, inactive, female principle or force in the world）B,a broken record of argument陈词滥调我们已按很低价格向你们报盘。

We have made you an offer at a very competitive price.C,相声=cross talk=comic dialogueD,鱼米之乡=land of fish and rice=land of milk and honeyE,eat one’s words承认错误The sea refuses no rivers. 贪得无厌blue wool高级羊毛extended family大家庭jelly built project豆腐渣工程drink like a fish牛饮F,We never meet without a parting. 有聚就有散G,We took off and flew over the city and slowly gained height.我们起飞了，飞过城市，慢慢飞高。

实用文体翻译1．商务信函August 13,2003Vemeer ManufacturingCompany P. O. Box 200/3804New Sharon Road Pella, Iowa50219 U. S. A.Gentlemen:From the samples sent us on June 5, we have made selections, and have the pleasure of handing you the following order which we commend to your immediate and best attention, viz:500 chests Lipton Black Tea,500 sacks of Brazilian Coffee, not ground.Kindly forward these by fast freight. Enclosed please find a draft as per memorandum bill you sent us.Yours trulyMcFARLAND &CO.President(Signature) Dear Sirs:We received, on Nov. 11, 2000, with thanks, your check No. 006869 for RMB 36,000, in payment of our commission. The amount has been placed to your credit.Manager诸位先生：已收到12月14日贵方来信，获悉我方发出的货箱内装的钢笔并非贵方所定的型号，甚为抱歉。

经查核，发现因号码弄混而造成了装箱错误。

我们已经换好货品立即发运给贵方。

请将那箱错装货品退还给我们，不胜感激。

所需一切费用由我方支付。

由于错误给贵方造成麻烦，我们深表歉意。

实用文体翻译公示语“开发区”“Development Zone”。

不可回收Non-recyclable售票机Ticket Machines注意行人Caution Pedestrians保持通畅KEEP CLEAR请小心台阶PLEASE MIND YOUR STEPS因故停用Out of Order短时停车Short stay停车场P厕所WC留学生公寓INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS HOUSE全自动门Automatic Door送客止步Passengers Only边道封闭Footpath Closed开封后请即食用，以免受潮Please have it soon after opening the bag in case it gets damp. 游客止步Staff Only员工专用公交车专用==>Buses Only，贵宾专用==>VIP Only/ Distinguished Guests Only；会员俱乐部==>Members Only；专用停车位==>Authorized Cars Only；警车专用停车位==>Police Cars Only；请绕行此路==>Arrow Only；超车道==> Overtaking Only贵宾候车室Reserved Waiting-room软席、硬席“Cushioned Seat”和“Ordinary Seat”年终大甩卖Year-end sale恕不讲价One price (fixed price)三潭印月Three Pool Mirroring the Moon世界自然与文化遗产World Natural and Cultural Heritage Site 天然动植物标本园Green Treasury and Natural Zoo地下通道Underground Passage禁止通行Dead End前方弯路慢行Bend Ahead. Slow Down!一慢二看三通过Slow down, Look around, and Cross限速：每小时30公里Speed Limit, 30 km/h国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resource司法厅Department of Justice中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Science三元桥Sanyuan Overpass锦江乐园Jinjiang Amusement Park静安新城Jing’an New City南京东路East Nangjing Road北三环North Third Ring玉佛寺Jade Buddha Temple一切权力归人民Power to the people拒绝毒品珍爱生命Say No to Drug and Protect Your Life同一个世界，同一个梦想One World One Dream货物出门，概不退换All sales are final.不设找零Please tender exact fare找零请当面点清Please check your change before leaving请保管好您随身携带的物品Please Take Care of Your Belongings此处发现鲨鱼Shark sighted门诊部Out-Patient Department邮票销售机Stamp Vending Machine提供外卖Take Away Service Available婴儿换巾处Baby Change失物招领处Lost and found男更衣室Men’s locker请勿践踏草坪Please Keep Off the Grass售完Sold Out油漆未干Wet Paint饮料仅供外卖Drinks Purchased Are for Taken Away Only(厕所）有人occupied请在此等候咨询、询问Please Wait Here for Enquiries正在清扫地板Floor Cleaning in Progress此处有炸药，注意安全We have explosives here. Pay attention to your safety. Danger: Explosive.小心地滑Caution! Slippery/Caution! Wet Floor小心烫伤Caution! Hot老，弱，病，残，孕专座位Courtesy seats一米以下儿童谢绝入内No Admittance for Children Under 1m.施工现场禁止入内Construction Site keep Out残疾人通道Handicapped Only凭票入场TICKET ONLY来客请到门房登记All Visitors Please Report to the Gate Warder严禁吸烟No Smoking儿童严禁入内No Minors Allowed桥上严禁超车No Overtaking On Bridge禁酒区Alcohol Free Zone警戒线勿超越Police Line Do Not Pass禁止通行Don’t Walk未经许可的车辆不得入内Authorized cars only.装修前大甩卖CLOSING DOWN FOR MODERNIZATION免税店Duty Free旅游纪念品Souvenirs您的安全我们的天责YOUR SAFETY IS OUR PRIORITY进门赢大奖COME IN AND WIN厂家特价直销DEAL DIRECT WITH MANUFACTURER AT SPECIAL PRICES 八折优惠20% Off当日可取Daily Service谢谢您到访北京车站Thank you for visiting Bejing Railway Station我们关注！欢迎批评！We care! We want your comments!共同努力，世界更精彩Working together, we can make a world of difference.盗贼当心Thieves Beware握紧扶手Hold the han rail紧急时用Emergence use only不使用信用卡No Credit Card Please送货上门Delivery to Your Door勿与司机谈话Don’t talk with the driver请将个人物品随身带走Not to Leave Things Behind国际出发international departure中国土特产Chinese Products加油站Gas Station物流中心Logistics CenterYard Sale 庭院旧货出售No crossing. 禁止横穿ICU重症监护室Stand behind red line until summoned by inspector. 红线后站立，等待检查员。

练习材料第一单元地理篇No Giant SkyscrapersChicago and New York are famous for their tall buildings. California cannot be. Its buildings have to be famous for their beauty or their historical importance1. California is earthquake country2.The San Andreas Fault3 is a cause of earthquakes. It is a long crack in the earth that stretches from Southern to Northern California. Rocks inside the earth move and the earth shakes. These earthquakes make the fault bigger4.The most famous earthquake in California happened in 1906. It destroyed most of the young city of San Francisco. People rebuilt the city. They looked at the buildings that did not fall in the earthquake5 and they learned more about building in California.Tall buildings can be dangerous6 in earthquakes. Today California has codes7 that say how a building must be built and how tall it can be.Los Angeles has several earthquakes each year. The tall buildings move8 a little and everyone takes a deep breath. Usually tourists and newcomers are the most frightened. People who grew up in California say, “We’re used to it!”Earthquakes do not stop the building industry in California, but they do make architects work a little harder9. The buildings they design have to look good and stand up in an earthquake. These buildings are good examples of modern California architecture. The Bonaventure Hotel is a few city blocks from the old Mission Church. The Century City Complex is near the ocean. It stands on the site of the old Twentieth Century Fox movie studios. These buildings show that people are not afraid to build in California.水桥在巴拿马，有一座世界闻名的“水桥”，那就是巴拿马运河。

练习材料第一单元地理篇No Giant SkyscrapersChicago and New York are famous for their tall buildings. California cannot be. Its buildings have to be famous for their beauty or their historical importance1. California is earthquake country2.The San Andreas Fault3 is a cause of earthquakes. It is a long crack in the earth that stretches from Southern to Northern California. Rocks inside the earth move and the earth shakes. These earthquakes make the fault bigger4.The most famous earthquake in California happened in 1906. It destroyed most of the young city of San Francisco. People rebuilt the city. They looked at the buildings that did not fall in the earthquake5 and they learned more about building in California.Tall buildings can be dangerous6 in earthquakes. Today California has codes7 that say how a building must be built and how tall it can be.Los Angeles has several earthquakes each year. The tall buildings move8 a little and everyone takes a deep breath. Usually tourists and newcomers are the most frightened. People who grew up in California say, “We’re used to it!”Earthquakes do not stop the building industry in California, but they do make architects work a little harder9. The buildings they design have to look good and stand up in an earthquake. These buildings are good examples of modern California architecture. The Bonaventure Hotel is a few city blocks from the old Mission Church. The Century City Complex is near the ocean. It stands on the site of the old Twentieth Century Fox movie studios. These buildings show that people are not afraid to build in California.水桥在巴拿马，有一座世界闻名的“水桥”，那就是巴拿马运河。