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LessonOne Salvation1. 课文译文救赎兰斯顿.休斯在我快13岁那年，我的灵魂得到了拯救，然而并不是真正意义上的救赎。
事情是这样的。
那时我的阿姨里德所在的教堂正在举行一场盛大的宗教复兴晚会。
数个星期以来每个夜晚，人们在那里讲道，唱诵，祈祷。
连一些罪孽深重的人都获得了耶稣的救赎，教堂的成员一下子增多了。
就在复兴晚会结束之前，他们为孩子们举行了一次特殊的集会——把小羊羔带回羊圈。
里德阿姨数日之前就开始和我提这件事。
那天晚上，我和其他还没有得到主宽恕的小忏悔者们被送去坐在教堂前排,那是为祷告的人安排的座椅。
我的阿姨告诉我说：“当你看到耶稣的时候，你看见一道光，然后感觉心里似乎有什么发生。
从此以后耶稣就进入了你的生命，他将与你同在。
你能够看见、听到、感受到他和你的灵魂融为一体。
”我相信里德阿姨说的，许多老人都这么说，似乎她们都应该知道。
尽管教堂里面拥挤而闷热，我依然静静地坐在那里，等待耶稣的到来。
布道师祷告，富有节奏，非常精彩。
呻吟、喊叫、寂寞的呼喊，还有地狱中令人恐怖的画面。
然后他唱了一首赞美诗。
诗中描述了99只羊都安逸的待在圈里，唯有一只被冷落在外。
唱完后他说道：“难道你不来吗？不来到耶稣身旁吗？小羊羔们，难道你们不来吗？”他向坐在祷告席上的小忏悔者们打开了双臂，小女孩们开始哭了，她们中有一些很快跳了起来，跑了过去。
我们大多数仍然坐在那里。
许多长辈过来跪在我们的身边开始祷告。
老妇人的脸像煤炭一样黑，头上扎着辫子，老爷爷的手因长年的劳作而粗糙皲裂。
他们吟唱着“点燃微弱的灯，让可怜的灵魂得到救赎”的诗歌。
整个教堂里到处都是祈祷者的歌声。
最后其他所有小忏悔者们都去了圣坛上，得到了救赎，除了一个男孩和依然静静地坐着等侯的我。
那个男孩是一个守夜人的儿子，名字叫威斯特里。
在我们的周围尽是祈祷的修女、执事。
教堂里异常闷热，天色也越来越暗了。
最后威斯特里小声对我说：“去他妈的上帝。
我再也坐不住了，我们站起来吧，就可以得到救赎了。
法国历年高考哲学作文2012-06-07 18:58:31法国可以说是最重视中学的哲学教育的国家之一，从柏拉图到现当代的哲学思想都会有详细的讲解，让学生充分了解人类的思想史；并且，这个过程中是不带有价值评断的，法国中学教育要求教师们能尽可能客观地讲述内容，如果想要批驳一个作家或哲学家A的思想，老师不能自己随意发表意见，而是必须有理有据地引用另外一个作家或者哲学家B在某处针对A的批判言论才行，这样一来，学生的个人观点、个人思考能力才不会被老师的话语和个人政治、哲学倾向所影响，而且，这也算是为学术伦理打下了基础。
回顾我自己在国内高中时候上过的政治课里的哲学内容（第一册是道德法律基础、第二册是马克思主义哲学、第三册是国家和政体），教材内很少有客观完整地介绍一个思想，更多的则是粗线条地介绍某个思想中的一隅，然后大篇幅地下价值判断：“这是孤立地片面地静止地看问题”……在法国的高考（会考）中，哲学自然是一个大科目，法国的分科主要分为文学方向、理科方向、社会经济方向三大类。
无论你选择哪个方向，无论你未来想要读综合大学还是高等商学院，考试中必有的一个科目就是哲学。
每年考试的哲学论文也成为整个社会探讨的话题，热度不亚于中国高考的语文作文题。
法国哲学作文大致要求在1800-2000字左右。
以下是2006至今的作文题目，20XX年的法国高考尚未进行（6月末），我会在考试后及时更新。
为了避免法汉翻译中产生的歧义，我配上英文翻译，以方便理解。
【2011】文学考生卷：- "Peut-on prouver une hypothèse scientifique ?"我们能否证明科学假说（Can we prove a scientific hypothesis?）- "L'homme est-il condamné à se faire des illusions sur lui-même ?"人（类）以自己为中心制造幻象、对自己充满幻想，是否应当受到指责(Is Man condemned to make illusions about himself? )- Expliquer un extrait du "Gai savoir" de Nietzsche解读尼采的《快乐的知识》的一段节选(节选部分略)理科考生卷：- "La culture dénature-t-elle l'homme ?"文化是否扭曲了人本身(Does Culture distort Man ?)- "Peut-on avoir raison contre les faits ?"我们是否有理由否决事实(Can we be right against the facts? )- Expliquer un extrait des "Pensées" de Pascal解读帕斯卡尔《思想录》的一段节选社会经济考生卷：- "La liberté est-elle menacée par l'égalité ?"自由是否被平等所威胁(Is Freedom threatened by equality? )- "L'art est-il moins nécessaire que la science ?"相比科学，艺术是否是次要的(Is Art less necessary than Science? )- Expliquer un extrait de "Les bienfaits" de Sénèque解读赛涅卡（古罗马政治家）《论善行》的一段节选艺术生卷- "La maîtrise de soi dépend-elle de la connaissance de soi ?"自我克制是否取决于自我认知(Self-control depends upon self-knowledge?)- "Ressentir l'injustice m'apprend-il ce qui est juste ?"体验不公是否能让人明白正义的内涵(Is it by perceiving the injustice that I shall learn what is right?)- Expliquer un texte de Nietzsche解读尼采的一个选段【2010】文学考生卷:La recherche de la vérité peut-elle être désintéressée ?对真理的追寻是出于无私之心吗(Can the search for truth be disinterested?)Faut-il oublier le passé pour se donner un avenir ?该不该忘记过去以便给自己一个未来？(Should we forget the past in order to have a future?) Un commentaire d'un extrait de la Somme théologique, de Thomas d'Aquin评论托马斯·阿奎那《神学大全》的一个选段理科生考卷:L'art peut-il se passer de règles ?艺术可否无视规则（Can the art do without rules?）Dépend-il de nous d'être heureux ?快乐是否取决于我们自身(Does it depend on us to be happy?)Un commentaire d'un extrait du Léviathan de Thomas Hobbes.评论霍布斯的《利维坦》的一个选段社会经济考生卷:Une vérité scientifique peut-elle être dangereuse ?科学真理会不会是有危险性的(Can a scientific truth be dangerous?)Le rôle de l'historien est-il de juger ?历史学家的角色（身份）是做论断用的吗(Does the role of the historian consist in judging?) Un commentaire d'un extrait de L'Education morale, d'Emile Durkheim评论涂尔干的《道德教育》的一个选段【2009】文学考生卷:Le langage trahit-il la pensée ?语言背叛了思想？(Does the language betray the thought?)L’objectivité de l’histoire suppose-t-elle l’impartialité de l’historien?历史的客观性是否期望历史学家的中立性？(Does the objectivity of history presuppose the impartiality of the historian?)un extrait d’un texte de Schopenhauer评论叔本华的一个选段理科考生卷:Est-il absurde de désirer l’impossible ?对于不可能（的事物）的渴望，是荒谬的吗(Is it absurd to desire the impossible?)Y-a-t-il des questions auxquelles aucune science ne répond ?存在不存在任何科学都不回答的问题（注：不是“无法”回答--pouvoir/can，是不回答）(Are there any questions that no science answers?)un texte de Tocqueville extrait de “De la démocratie en Amérique”评论托克维尔的《美国的民主》的一段节选社会经济考生卷:Le développement technique transforme-t-il les hommes ?技术发展使人们自身也发生了改变？(Technical development transforms men)Que gagne-t-on à échanger ?交换（兑换、交流）中，我们得到了什么？(What do we gain in exchanging ?)un extrait d’ un texte de John Locke评论洛克的一个选段【2008】文学考生卷- La perception peut-elle s’éduquer ?感知力是自发培养起来的吗(Can perception be educated by itself? )- Une connaissance scientifique du vivant est-elle possible ?对于活者（活人）的科学性认识是可能的吗(A scientific understanding of the living, is it possible?)- Expliquer un extrait des « Cahiers pour une morale » de Sartre.萨特《伦理学笔记》选段的解读理科考生卷：- L’art transforme-t-il notre conscience du réel ?艺术改造了我们对于真实的意识？(Does Art transform our consciousness of reality?) - Y a-t-il d’autres moyens que la démonstration pour établir une vérité ?除了论证之外，是否存在其他方式以建立一个真理？(Is there any other way than demonstration in order to establish a truth?)- Expliquer un extrait de « Le monde comme volonté et comme représentation »de Schopenhauer.叔本华的《作为意志和表象的世界》选段的解读社会科学考生卷：- Peut-on désirer sans souffrir ?我们能否渴求但不受罪（Can we desire without suffering?）- Est-il plus facile de connaître autrui que de se connaître soi-même ?认识他者是否比认识自我容易？(Is it easier to know others than to know oneself?)- Expliquer un extrait de « De la démocratie en Amérique » de Alexis de Tocqueville评论托克维尔的《美国的民主》的一段节选【2007】文学考生卷- Toute prise de conscience est-elle libératrice ?所有的察觉都有解放性吗？(Is any awareness liberating?)- Les oeuvres d'art sont-elles des réalités comme les autres ?艺术品是否是像其他物品一样的现实体(Are the works of art like other realities ?)- Expliquer un extrait de "Ethique à Nicomaque" d'Aristote sur le thème de la responsabilité. 解读亚里士多德《尼各马可伦理学》的一段节选，围绕“责任”这一主题理科考生卷- Le désir peut-il se satisfaire de la réalité ?欲望能由现实来满足吗（Can the desire be satisfied with reality?）- Que vaut l'opposition du travail manuel et du travail intellectuel ?脑力劳动和体力劳动的对立划分有什么用？- Expliquer un texte de Hume extrait d'"Enquête sur les principes de la morale" sur le thème de la justice.休谟《道德原理研究》节选，“正义”主题社会经济考生卷- Peut-on en finir avec les préjugés ?我们可否不带偏见？（Can we do away with prejudices?）- Que gagnons-nous à travailler ?工作为我们带来什么？（What do we gain by working?）- Expliquer un texte de Nietzsche extrait de "Humain, trop humain" sur la morale.解读尼采《人性的，太人性的》节选【2006】文学考生卷：- N'avons-nous de devoirs qu'envers autrui ?我们只对他人负有责任吗？（Do we have duties only for others?)- Cela a-t-il un sens de vouloir échapper au temps ?想要逃避时光，这有意义吗？(Does it have a sense of willing to escape time?)-（评论著作节选，略）理科考生卷- Peut-on juger objectivement la valeur d'une culture ?我们能客观地评论一个文化的价值吗？（Can we objectively judge the value of a culture?）- L'expérience peut-elle démontrer quelque chose ?经验能证明什么？（Can experience demonstrate something?）社会经济考生卷- Faut-il préférer le bonheur à la vérité?应该为幸福而舍真理吗（Should we prefer happiness to truth?）- Une culture peut-elle être porteuse de valeurs universelles ?一种文化会具有普世价值吗？（Can a culture be the bearer of universal values?）艺术考生卷：- L'expression "c'est ma vérité" a-t-elle un sens?“这是我的真理” 这句话有意义吗？（Does Tte phrase "this is my truth" have a meaning?）- Le sentiment de la justice est-il naturel?正义感是天性吗？(Is the sense of justice natural?)技术考生卷：- Quel besoin avons-nous de chercher la vérité?寻找真理是源于我们的哪种需求？（Which need do we have to seek the truth?）- L'intérêt de l'histoire, est-ce d'abord de lutter contre l'oubli?历史的重要性，首先在于抵抗遗忘？(Is the interest of history to fight against forgetting firstly?)。
尼采名言英文导读：本文是关于尼采名言英文，希望能帮助到您！In the beginning was nonsense, and the nonsense was with God, and the nonsense was God.A casual stroll through a lunatic asylum shows that faith does not prove anything.Ah, women. They make the highs higher and the lows more frequent.All things are subject to interpretation; and whichever interpretation prevails at a given time is a result of power and not truth.——Friedrich NietzscheAll truly great thoughts are conceived by walking.——Friedrich NietzscheAn excellent quotation may spoil whole pages, and even a whole book. It seems to warningly cry to the reader, “I am the precious stone, and around me is pale, worthless lead.”——Friedrich NietzscheAnd if you gaze for long into an abyss, the abyss also gazes into you.——Friedrich NietzscheAs important as it may be know the actual motives that caused human conduct up until now, it may be of even greater significance to know the made-up and imaginary motives that people attributed their conduct to.——Friedrich NietzscheAt times one remains faithful to a cause only because its opponents do not cease to be insipid.——Friedrich Nietzsche Battle not with monsters, lest ye become a monster, and if you gaze into the abyss, the abyss gazes also into you.——Friedrich NietzscheBe careful when you fight the monsters, lest you become one.——Friedrich NietzscheBehind all their personal vanity, women themselves always have an impersonal contempt for woman.——Friedrich Nietzsche Belief in truth begins with doubt of all truths in which one used to believe.——Friedrich NietzscheIs man one of God’s blunders? Or is God one of man’s blunders?Many are stubborn in pursuit of the path they have chosen, few in pursuit of the goal.。
黑格尔法哲学批判导言英语Introduction to Hegel's Critique of Legal PhilosophyHegel's Critique of Legal Philosophy, also known as Hegel's Legal Philosophy, is a seminal work in the field of jurisprudence. In this philosophical treatise, Hegel delves into the essence and foundations of law and legal systems, exploring their philosophical underpinnings and implications.The central aim of Hegel's Critique is to uncover the contradictions and limitations inherent in traditional legal theories and practices. Hegel argues that the prevailing approach to law fails to grasp its dynamic and dialectical nature, resulting in an incomplete understanding of its role in society.Drawing from his broader system of thought, Hegel critiques the "abstract formalism" that dominates legal philosophy at the time. He argues that by reducing the law to a set of static principles and formal categories, legal theorists overlook its connection to social, historical, and cultural contexts. According to Hegel, law should be understood as an evolving and organic phenomenon, shaped by the ongoing development of human consciousness and societal relations.Hegel also challenges the notion of individual rights as the foundation of legal systems. He argues that the rights of individuals must be reconciled with the needs and interests of the community as a whole. This requires a dynamic and dialectical process of negotiation and mediation, where the tensions between individual freedoms and communal responsibilities are resolved.Moreover, Hegel emphasizes the role of the state in enforcing and upholding legal norms. In his view, the state represents the embodiment of universal reason, mediating between the conflicting interests and desires of individuals. This leads Hegel to advocate for a strong and authoritative state, capable of creating and maintaining a just legal order.Overall, Hegel's Critique of Legal Philosophy serves as a foundational text in the study of law and legal theory. Its emphasis on the dialectical and historical dimensions of law, as well as the importance of the state in governing society, has had a profound influence on subsequent legal philosophers and scholars.。
Season1Try again.Fail again.Fail better.——Samuel Beckett 塞缪尔(当代最著名的荒诞剧作家）：再试，再失败，更好地失败。
All is riddle,and the key to a riddle…is another riddle.——Emerson爱默生（美国诗人、散文家、哲学家）：所有的事物都是谜团所有的事物都是谜团，，而解开一个谜的钥匙而解开一个谜的钥匙………………是另一个谜是另一个谜是另一个谜。
The farther backward you can look,the farther forward you will see.——Winston Churchill 温斯顿·邱吉尔）：你回首看得越远，你向前也会看得越远。
When you look long into an abyss,the abyss looks into you.——Nietzsche当你凝视深渊时，深渊也在凝视你。
Imagination is more important than knowledge.Knowledge is limited.Imagination encircles the world.——Einstein想象力比知识更为重要。
知识是有限的，而想象力则包围着整个世界。
Don’t bother just to be better than your contemporaries or predecessors.Try to be better than yourself.——William Faulkne 福克纳（美国作家）：别自寻烦恼的只想比你同时代的人或是先辈们出色，试着比你自己更出色吧。
Almost all absurdity of conduct arises from the imitation of thosewhom we cannot resemble.——Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔·约翰森（英国文豪）：几乎所有荒谬的行为均源自于模仿那些我们不可能雷同的人。
《欧洲文化入门》本作者绪论《欧洲文化入门》由于其内容庞杂，琐碎，因而是一门学习起来比较困难的课程。
其实大家大可不必担心，只要我们潜下心去，找出里面的规律和线索，这门课并不难攻克。
我们要牢记文化的五分法：一、社会历史(包括政治、经济、宗教、历史) 二、哲学三、文学四、科学五、艺术(包括绘画、雕塑、建筑和音乐)，以记忆每个时代的各要点为主，理解纵向的变迁为辅，后者主要的作用时帮助我们更好的记住前者。
《欧洲文化入门》的考试大致包括以下几种题型：四选一，填空，判断，简答题，名词解释，论述题。
选择题：这种题型可考查考生的记忆、理解、判断、推理分析，综合比较，鉴别评价等多种能力，评分客观，故常被应用。
在答题时，如果能瞬时准确地把正确答案找出来最好，假如没有把握，就应采用排除法，即应从排除最明显的错误开始，把接近正确答案的备选项留下，再分析比较强以逐一否定最终选定正确答案。
填空题：这种题型常用于考核考生准确记忆的“再现”能力，在答题时，无论有几个空，回答都应明确、肯定，不能含糊其辞，填空题看似容易实则难，最好的应对办法是对英语语言知识中最基本的知识、概念、原理等要牢记。
名词解释：这种题型一般针对英语专业自考本科段课程中的基本概念、专业名词进行命题，主要考核考生的识记、理解能力。
在答题时，答案要简明、概括、准确，如分值较大，可简要扩展。
简答题：这种题型一般围绕基本概论、原理及其联系进行命题，着重考核考生对概念、史实、原理的掌握、辨别和理解能力。
在答题时，既不能像名词解释那样简单，也不能像论述题那样长篇大论，答案要有层次性，列出要点，并加以简要扩展就可以。
论述题：这种题型一般从试卷编制的全局出发，能从体现考试大纲中的重点内容和基本问题的角度来命题，着重考核考生分析、解决实际问题的能力，考核考生综合应用能力和创见性。
在答题时，要仔细审题，列出答案要点，然后对要点逐一展开叙述，此时考生应发挥自己的真知灼见，要在深度，广度上下功。
百年孤独英语听力One Hundred Years of Solitude: English ListeningIntroduction:One Hundred Years of Solitude, written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, is a novel that captivates readers with its intricate storytelling and rich symbolism. This masterpiece has become not only a classic of Latin American literature but also a widely studied work in English literature classrooms around the world. In this article, we will delve into the importance of incorporating English listening skills while exploring the fascinating world of One Hundred Years of Solitude.1. The Power of Listening:In today's globalized world, English has emerged as the lingua franca, making it essential for individuals to possess excellent listening skills in order to communicate effectively. Listening to English audio content can significantly enhance language proficiency, allowing learners to improve their comprehension, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Engaging with English listening materials, such as audiobooks or podcasts related to One Hundred Years of Solitude, can aid in unlocking the beauty and depth of the novel for non-native English speakers.2. Enhancing Comprehension and Interpretation:Active listening strengthens comprehension skills, enabling readers to understand the underlying themes and intricate plotlines of One Hundred Years of Solitude. Listening to the novel being narrated in English providesa unique perspective, as it helps learners pay close attention to the rhythmic patterns, tone, and emotion embedded within the author's words. Through attentive listening, one can grasp the nuanced details and fully appreciate the metaphorical language that Garcia Marquez employs.3. Vocabulary Expansion:Exposure to spoken English in the context of One Hundred Years of Solitude aids in expanding learners' vocabulary. By listening to the novel's narration, readers encounter a wide array of new words and phrases, allowing for an enhanced understanding of the English language. Hearing these words in context helps learners grasp their meanings and usage, which can then be applied in their own speaking and writing endeavors.4. Improving Pronunciation and Intonation:Listening to the audio version of One Hundred Years of Solitude allows learners to develop a native-like pronunciation and intonation. Accurate pronunciation is crucial for effective communication and can be challenging for non-native English speakers. Through regular exposure to well-articulated English audio content, learners can improve their pronunciation, intonation, and overall oral fluency, enabling them to communicate more confidently and expressively in English.5. Cultural Awareness and Appreciation:One of the benefits of listening to English audio content related to One Hundred Years of Solitude is the exposure to various cultural aspects found within the novel. Through listening, learners gain insight into the history, traditions, and cultural nuances that shape the characters and theirmotivations. This deepened understanding not only enriches the reading experience but also fosters a broader appreciation for diverse cultures and their impact on literature.Conclusion:As readers embark on the journey of One Hundred Years of Solitude, incorporating English listening skills can significantly enhance their understanding and appreciation of the novel. The power of listening lies in its ability to improve comprehension, expand vocabulary, refine pronunciation, and foster cultural awareness. By immersing oneself in the English audio version of this beloved novel, readers can embark on a truly transformative and enriching reading experience.。
Alfred KaoLesson OnePart One: Words Study1. accomplishment n. sth. completed successfully; an achievementa girl of many accomplishments 多才多艺的姑娘Among her accomplishments weresewing, cooking, playing the piano and dancing.accomplish v.to succeed in doing; to reach the end ofaccomplish one’s object 达到目的accomplish one’s mission 完成使命He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class. accomplishedadj.very good at a particular thing; having a lot of skillsan accomplished artist/actor/chef2. assume v.a. to take for granted; to supposeThey had assumed that prices would rise these days, but in fact they were wrong.b. to take upon oneselfassume one ’s responsibility/ other ’s debt assumed adj.assumed name 伪名assumption n.a belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen,although there is no proofan underlying/implicit assumption 潜在的/含蓄的假想We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up. It was impossible to make assumptions about people's reactions. assuming ed to suppose that sth is true so that you can talkaboutwhat the results might beI hope to go to college next year, always assuming I pass my exams. assumptive adj.3. body a. a group of people as a unit who work and act together,often for an official purpose , or who are connected in some other way. a legislative body / a law-making bodyb. the main part of sth.The body of the writing is not well-developed.the body of a vehicle / buildingc. a body/ bodies of sth. = large amount of sth. a body of rumour/ evidence/ information4.certify v. to confirm formally as true, accurate, orgenuine~ (that)…He handed her a piece of paper certifying (that) she was in good health.Thisis to certify that… ~ sb/sth + adj.He was certified dead on arrival. ~ sb/sth (as) sthThe accounts were certified (as) correct by the finance department. ~ sb/sth to be/do sthThe plants must be certified to be virus free. certified accountant 注册会计师5. enrollv. to arrange for yourself or somebody else to officially join acourse , school , etc.We enrolled in the army.Universities will enroll new students this spring. enrollee n. a person who has officially joined a course,etc.enrolmentn.School enrollment is currently falling.6.expose v. a. to subject or allow to be subjected to anaction or aninfluence 使受影响The parents exposed their children to classical music at home.b. to subject (a photographic film, for example) to theaction of light 使曝光The film has been exposed.c. to make known (sth. discreditable);to reveal (the guiltor wrongdoing of)揭发The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without anyreserve.exposed adj. not protected from attack or sheltered from bad weatherexposure n. a. the state of being in a placeor a situation where is noprotection from sth. harmful or unpleasantThey risked exposure to harmful radiation.b. the fact of being discussed on television, in newspapers, etc.(=publicity)Her movie has a lot of exposure in the media.7.facultyn. a.any of the powers of the body or mindthe faculty of the sight; mental facultiesb. department or group of related departmentsin a universitythe Faculty of Lawc.the whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in thewhole universityThe entire faculty of the university will attendthe meeting.8.freshadj. to have just come from a particular place; to have just hada particular experienceStudents fresh from Business schoolshould have a three-monthprobation in the company .freshness n.We guarantee the freshness of all our produce.freshlyadv.freshly ironed shirtsfreshenv.The rain had freshened the air.Can Ifreshen your drink, sir?freshen oneself upFresher/ freshmansophomorejuniorseniorgraduatepostgraduate9.generatev. to produce as a result of a chemical orphysical processWhen coal burns, it generates heat.a generating station 发电站generation n.the generation of electricitygenerator n.the wind generator 风能发电机Alfred KaoAlfred Kaothe UK ’s major electricity generator 发电公司 generative adj.human adj./n. 人的/人类humanly adv. 在人所能及的范围内 humane adj. 仁慈的；人道的 humanely adv.仁慈地；人道地 humanism n. 人道主义 humanitariann. 人道主义者humanity n. 人道/人性/人文 humanizev.使人性化10. literaladj. a. being the basic or usual meaning of a word or a phraseThe literal meaning of “petrify ” is to turn stones b. that follows the original words exactly a literal translation c. lacking imaginationHer interpretation of the music is too literal. literalness Un.literary adj. connected with literature literary criticism/theoryliterate adj. able to read and writeThough nearly twenty, he was barely literate. illiterate adj.literacyn.11. rear n. a behind partThere are toilets at both front and rear of the plane bring up the rearto be at the back or at lastDavid was the first to reach the summit, followed by pat, leaving Tom to bring up the rear.v. to care for young children or animals until they are grownShe reared a family of five on her own.rear sb./ sth. onsth.to give a people or an animal a particular kind of food,entertainment, etc. while they are young.I was the son of sailors, and reared on stories of the sea. rearing n. the process of raising a child as he grows up12. sufficev. to be enough for sb./ sth.Generally a brief note or a phone call will suffice. One example will suffice to illustrate the point.Suffice it to say that …足以说明…I won ’t go into all details. Suffice it to say that the whole event was a complete disaster.sufficiency n. an amount of something that is enough for a particularpurposea sufficiency of well-trained teachers sufficient adj. insufficient adj. self-sufficient adj. sufficiently adv.Part Two: Phrases Study 刚从……离开；刚经历过……be fresh out of……中的一员全体学生part ofthe student body抱着胳膊fold on e’s arms仿佛在说as if to say对……新鲜；陌生be new to指出point out得到reach for碾碎药片grind the pills专门从事于specialize in暴露在……；接触……be exposed to想出一个主意generate an idea在历史的进程中within the history呆在……be around像这样阐述put it this way平均为……average out to保持稳定、有效tend to hold专业技能professional skills确保……；保证……see to it that躲避；不存在；不含有stay out of跳出篱笆jump the fence受电刑go to the electric chair 有用的活动、事业useful pursuits连同……along with基本的满足感basic satisfactions养活妻子support on e’s wife抚养孩子rear your children养家raise a family有点；某种sort of深刻性的见解penetrating ideas主管一个家庭preside over a family保持关联maintain contact with民主的智者great democratic intellect一个对艺术敏感的人 a reasonably sensitive man因……卡住be stuck for签发票sign checks大学的意义、作用the business of college让某人接触某事put sb in touch with为了……的延续for the continuity of美术fine arts没资格做……have no business doing新物种new species of有勇无谋的野蛮人mechanized savage机械化的push-button Neanderthal行尸走肉life forms一个有教养的人 a civilized human刻在石头上cut into the stone有可能……The chances are保持清醒stay awake能从过去中学到……what the past learned for you 人类的精神财富mankind’s spiritual resources 储存在……be stored in特别的成就peculiar accomplishmentAlfred Kao……的碎片fragments of实际上in literal time在本质上in essence急于赚钱too much in a hurry一个成熟的人 a developed human一个民主的市民 a useful citizen of a democracy 大学文科liberal arts专科学校specialized schools尝试；努力做in one’s attempt to使某人……成为可能make available to sb.Part Three: Extension1.Word Building----izedrama dramatize 使戏剧化Helen Hellenize 使希腊化idol idolize 偶像崇拜anesthetic anesthetize 施以麻醉tyranny tyrannize 压制Pasteur Pasteurize 巴氏消毒material materialize 具体化botany botanize 采集植物capital capitalize 使资本化；大写central centralize 使集中化final finalize 完成hospital hospitalize 送……入院ideal idealize 使理想化natural naturalize 加入国籍；归化social socialize 使社会化apology apologize 道歉civilization civilize 教化fertilization fertilize 施肥industrial industrialize 使工业化real realize 实现special specialize 专门从事western westernize 使西方化colony colonize 将……开拓为殖民地local localize 使地域化normal normalize 使标准化oriental Orientalize 使东方化private privatize 使私有化global globalize 使全球化robot robotize 使自动化standard standardize 使标准化2.Word Building----fybase basify 碱化clarity clarify 澄清class classify 分类identity identify 鉴别intense intensify 加强just justify 证明……有道理note notify 通知pure purify 净化quality qualify 使……合格simple simplify 简化Alfred Kaounity unify 使统一；联合electricity electrify 使充电；使电气化sign signify 意味着；有……的意思3.Expanded expressionsmake a distinction betweensimplified novelsget around with the difficultythe ever-increasing crime ratein the first half of the yearnuclear power stationinterfere in other countries’ internal affairsgive a straightforward answerresort to such meansin the years aheadanaffectionate lettertoss aroundcommute tostorm out ofcontend with sthbe superior to sthon one’s minddo on e’s level best to do sthpropagandize for/against sthbe overwhelmed with sthnameless dreadskip doing sthAlfred Kao。
