In Britain

介绍英国的英语作文实用(5篇)介绍英国的英语作文1The Englishman love to behave gentlemanly and the Englishwoman love to behave ladily.They also showtheir respect to ladies.They always say" Ladyfirst".In their daily life.the English pay attention to their appearance.They dress neatly.They shake hands when they meet other.When they are with others,they usually say "please""thank you""sorry" and so on.The breakfast in Britain is very ually there areall kinds of eggproducts,oatmeal,bacon,ham,sausages,butter,jam,bread,m ilk,juice,coffee and so on.They are popular with the western countries.What's more,the English likedrinking tea.They have the habit of drink afternoon tea at about 3 in the afternoon.They enjoy drinking tea and treat it as a kind of seeing friends.英国人爱表现得绅士,英国女人爱夫人。

他们也显示尊重女士。

Britain1. Where is the U. K.? And what is it made up of? What is its total area?- The U.K. is situated in Northwestern Europe, lying to the north of France and the west of the Netherlands and Denmark. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales, numerous smaller coastal islands and Northern Ireland. Its total area is 242 534 square kilometers.2. What are the three Germanic tribes who form the basis of the modern British people?- The Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the modern British people. 3. What do you know about the Roman influence on Britain?- The Roman occupation lasted for almost 350 years. The resulting growth of its civilization was more obvious in urban areas than among the agricultural peasants and weakest in the resistant highland zone. In the southeastern part, the Romans influenced life and culture radically. The English upper classes were thoroughly Romanized and transformed into Roman landlords and officials. Yet the Romans came to govern and to trade, not to settle; and they were too few in number to change the language and customs of the people as they did in France and Spain. Some of the native people become slaves of the Romans; true slave society was introduced into England.4. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?_ (1) The Norman Conquest caused important consequences. It increased the process of feudalism, which had begun during Anglo-Saxon times. By the early part of 12th century, the manor system had replaced the village system completely, and Feudalism was finally established in England.(2) William the Conqueror established a strong monarchy in England. The feudal system of England acquired a more centralized character than in other European countries of the time.(3) It brought about changes in the church. The upper ranks of the clergy were Normanized and feudalized, following the pattern of lay society,(4) Along with the Norman came the French language, which would be the language of court and upper classes until the 14th century.5. What were the contents and the nature of the Great Charter?- Contents: ( 1) the king was not to exact要求extra payments from the feudalvassals封臣without their consent; (2) laws were not to be modified by the arbitrary专断的action of the king; (3) If the king should attempt to free himself from law, the vassals had the right to force the king to obey it, by civil war or by otherwise.Nature: It was essentially a feudal document. It was made in the interests of feudal lords, great and small.6. What do you know about the English Renaissance?- Renaissance means "rebirth" - Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultures of ancient Greek and Rome. It was a cultural movement that arose with rise of the bourgeoisie. They were disintegrating movements, but also liberating ones and they were consistently related, by cause and effect, to liberating movement in politics, commerce and society in every country. The thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment were called humanists. The great English humanist was Sir Thomas More, who wrote his masterpiece Utopia. The English Renaissance was largely literary. Shakespeare was the greatest dramatist of the age.7. What do you know about the" Glorious Revolution"?- After three years of struggle, the Whig and Tory leaders at last united against James Ⅱ, whointended to establish absolutism in England with the aid of France and had restored Roman Catholics in civil government, etc. The leaders of the two parties planned a coup d’état. In June 1688 the leaders of Parliament invited William of Holland and Mary, daughter of James II, to come and take the throne. William landed with army and he was so welcomed that James 1I ran away to France. William and Mary were then crowned as joint rulers. This was known in history as "The Glorious Revolution".8. Why did the Industrial Revolution first take place in Britain?- Because Britain had some special conditions which no other country could match. These conditions are: the accumulation of capital; the development of, capitalistic farming; the appearance of a labor reserve; and the expansion of markets, domestic and foreign.9. How did the Industrial Revolution exert a great influence on both British society and the world?- The Industrial Revolution was not only a technological revolution but also a great social upheaval. It exerted a great influence on both British society and the world. The Industrial Revolution promoted the development of production. It began to produce large quantity of low-priced goods in a more efficient manner. New cities came into being; population increased; the home market was enlarged. The British goods almost achieved a monopoly situation in the world market. A factory system was established. Workers were employed and managers became capitalists. Two conflicting classes were born.10. How did the Chartist Movement take place in Britain? What was the reason for the failure of the Movement?- In 1836 the London WorkingMen’sAssociation was organized. In 1837 a petition, known as the People's Charter was drawn up. The mainpoint was to seek universal suffrage, which was the beginning of the Chartist Movement.The failure of the Movement is its divided leadership and lack of a strong basis of class unity. During the movement the Chartists could be divided into two groups-- moral force, which believed in reform by peaceful means; and physician force, which advocated violence.11. How did Britain take part in the First World War?- After the Germans invaded Belgium in August 4, 1914, thereby violating a neutrality that Britain was committed by treaty to support, Britain took part in the war.12. What role did Winston Churchill play in the Second World War?- He played an important role in the Second World War. In the crisis of the Second World War, Winston Churchill took over as Prime Minster in 1940. Winston Churchill also led the country during the"miracle of Dunkirk" at the end of May in 1940. That was 338 000 Allied troops' evacuation to Britain from Dunkirk. He and Roosevelt, Stalin decided to open the second battlefield in Europe at the Teheran Conference. He proposed to continue to fight against Japan until the end of the war. Although Britain's island status protected it from invasion, the civilians were involved in the war in a way that had never happened before. German bombing raids destroyed many cities, including London. However, Churchill and his people never gave up, and he received massive popular support as a war leader and led his country to final victory in 1945.13. How many types of universities are there in Britain? Which two universities are the most famous ones?- There are five types: 1) old universities, 2) the four Scottish universities, 3): the middle-ageduniversities, 4) the new universities, 5) the Open University, and Buckingham University (the one independent university). Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest and the most famous in the world.14. What are the main news agencies in Britain? What do you know about Reuters?- Reuters, the Press Association Ltd., and Extel Financial are the main news agencies in Britain. Reuters is one of the four major news agencies in the world. It was founded in 1851 in London. It has about 1200 reporters stationed in 183 countries and regions. It is an important propaganda tool of the British monopoly bourgeoisie.15. What did Charles Robert Darwin develop? What do you know about his theory?- Charles Robert Darwin developed a theory of evolution. His theory of evolution is that all living beings, including men are evolved from more primitive species instead of being created by God.16.Who are the greatest British novelists? And what are their finest works?Charles Dickens’Oliver Twist and Black House; John Galsworthy’s From the Four Winds; Herbert George Well’s The Time Machine; David Herbert Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers; Walter Scott’s Waverley; Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe; Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels.17.How many plays did William Shakespeare write? Why are his plays still frequently acted?37 plays. His plays contain a surprising variety of human qualities and moods, and a wealth of eloquence and word-mastery.18. What festival is the greatest in Britain? What is its significance and at what time is it celebrated?- Christmas Day is the greatest festival in Britain. Its significance• is to commemora te the birth of Jesus Christ which is on December 25.19. What are the three great religions of the world? When were they founded? Who were their founders?- Buddhism was founded in the 6th century B. C. by Sakyamuni; Islam was founded in the 7th century by Mohammed; Christianity was founded in 30 A. D. by Jesus Christ.20. How do you understand "She reigns but she does not rule"?- Though the Queen in Britain has various constitutional rights, she has no real power and was controlled by the Parliament and the cabinet. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of the Crown.21. What is the core of the leadership of the British government?- The Cabinet is the core of the leadership of the British government.22. Which are the two major parties in Britain today?- They are the Conservative Party and the Labor Party.。

Lead-inIn Britain, people tend to make jokes about some jobs or professions, or to hold stereotyped views of them. For example, sailors are supposed to have a "wife" in every port, university professors are often seen as absent-minded or forgetful. there are a lotof dirty jokes about sales representatives and they are generally regarded as not particularly dependable other jobs may be well-paid or very responsible, but thegeneral public think they are funny or rather boring. For instance, in most other European countries to be an engineer is to be somebody. Funnily enough, in Britain engineers are thought of as gloomy rather than cheerful as result of people'signorance of the importance of engineers in society在英国,人们倾向于使开玩笑某种工作或职业,或持有的观点。

例如,水手们应该有一个“妻子”在每一个端口,大学教授往往被视为心不在焉或健忘。

有很多肮脏的销售代表,他们通常认为是开玩笑不是特别可靠的其他工作可以高薪或非常负责任,但公众认为他们有趣或而无聊。

英国的气候Climate气候1. Britain's favorable climate英国有利的气候条件：Britain has a maritime climate-winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range.英国属于海洋性气候：冬季不过于寒冷，夏季不过于炎热。

全年有稳定可靠的降雨量，气温变化幅度小。

2.The factors that influence the climate in Britain:影响英国气候的因素：1）The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer;环绕四周的海水。

冬天，海水可使岛内气温升高，夏天则使气温降低，从而起到平衡季节温差的作用；2)The prevailing south-west winds or the Westerlies blow over the country all the year round bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate;一年四季盛行的西南风和西风在冬季从大西洋带来温暖、潮湿的空气，使气温适宜；3）The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.北大西洋暖流流经不列颠群岛西海岸，使气候变暖。

▪The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on advising the government.▪As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to complement the House of Commons.▪In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every five years.▪Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a two-party system.▪The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on advising the government.▪As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to complement the House of Commons.▪In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every five years.▪Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a two-party system.▪The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and a belief in individualism.▪The United States has 48 states on the continent.▪The state of Alaska is the largest in area of all the states.▪The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms of Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson.▪The U.S. Constitution came into effect in 1789.▪The Constitution of the United States tries to give each branch enough power to balance the others.▪The terms of a Senator and Representative are six and two years respectively.▪The Supreme Court is composed of eight justices.▪The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of Alexander Hamilton▪Higher education in the United States began with the founding of Harvard University.▪The New Deal was started by Franklin Roosevelt.▪The general election in America is held every four years.▪The symbol of the US Democratic Party is donkey.▪The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except Colorado.▪The first American President from the Republic Party is Abraham Lincoln.▪1689 marked the beginning of the constitutional monarchy in England. （Bill of Rights）▪Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species was published in 1859.▪Florence Nightingale was a famous nurse who organized the care of soldiers wounded in the Crimean War▪In 1934, a fully government-funded unemployment benefit system was, for the first time, paid out according to need rather than contribution.▪World War II was finally over in 1945with the victory of the allies.▪In 1997, Tony Blair became Prime Minister in a landslide victory for Labor.▪John Milton is best known for the epic poem Paradise Lost, an account of humanity’s fall from grace.▪The Constitution mainly consists of: Statutory law, common law, and convention.▪The maximum duration of Parliament is five years and is dissolved by the Crown on the advice of the Prime Minister.▪The UK government, officially known as His (or Her) Majesty’s Government, is centered on Whitehall in London.▪The UK Cabinet meets in private and normally weekly at 10 Downing Street and initiates most of the important bills under debate in Parliament.▪These New England settlers—English puritans were committed to turning the New World into the Kingdom of God.▪An axis power in World War II refers to Germany, Italy, and Japan.▪On 25 April, 1945, representatives of 50 nations met in San Francisco to create a world organization named the United Nation.▪The twin symbols of American Affluence-- home in the suburbs and a gleaming new automobile.▪The failure of the U.S. war in V ietnam filled most Americans with shame and the revelations of the Watergate scandals filled many with disgust.▪Lyndon Johnson deftly took charge of the nation’s political following Kennedy’s shocking assassination.▪The end of the Cold War was marked by the tearing-down of the Berlin Wall in 1989.▪Martin Luther King became the leader of the Civil Rights Movement.▪Congress of the US is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives.▪Great Society：It refers to social reform programs proposed by Johnson. J meant to use federal political and financial power to solve such problems as related to civil rights, poverty, urban renewal, health care, public school education, immigration and conservation. US Congress enacted most of the Great Society measures between 1964 and 1966.▪Melting Pot：Since the United States is a nation of many ethnic groups, it is also known as a “melting pot,”meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.▪Domesday BookThe written record of a census and survey of English landowners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085-1086.▪Queen Elizabeth IIThe present Sovereign, came to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.▪The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the large-scale American program to aid Europe where the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet communism.1. What are the features of the climate in Britain?Britain has a maritime climate. Winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range.2. What can a person do to become a barrister in the UK?To become a barrister, one has to have a university degree, pass professional examinations, andbecome a member of an Inn of Court. The candidate must then serve for a none-year period undera practicing barrister before he or she is finally qualified to practice alone.3. What is the rule of law in Britain? （p.53）The rule of law involves a number of basic assumptions. 1. Everyone is bound by the law. 2. All persons are equal before the law. 3. Law and order must be maintained through the officials and institutions of the state. 4. Legal redress is provided for citizens with complaints against other individuals, organizations or the sate when they feel they have experienced injustice. 5. The law and legal processes and personnel should be independent from political interference. In practice, the courts should be free from political pressures.4. What do you think about the Great Depression?The prosperity of the 1920s came to an abrupt end in 1929. The stock market crash in October of that year was soon followed by a breakdown of the nation’s entire economy. The causes of the Great Depression can be found in the unbalanced economy.5. What are the causes of the Civil War of the U.S?In the North, there was a growing demand for labor to work in factories. Some Northerners wanted to get former slaves from the South so they supported the abolition of slavery. The Southerners decided to secede from the Union, which immediately led to the outbreak of the Civil War.论述题：任选一道(20分)1. What was the significance of the Declaration of Independence of the USA?This document was highly significant because it announced the decision of the United States to become independent and free from British rule. More importantly, it explained the reasons for doing so and it justified the purpose of such highly important decision.Within this document, the leaders of the U.S. during that time listed grievances against the empire under King George III. It clearly represented the increasing desire of the people for freedom and justice. Furthermore, it also expressed the importance of the different rights of the people including the unalienable right to revolt against foreign rule. Add to that, this declaration emphasized the significance of liberty, life and pursuit of happiness for everyone.2. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?Result: Lifestyle ChangesAlthough the Industrial Revolution resulted in many changes in the world's social and economic structures, perhaps one of the most significant changes was the increasing importance of production. And increased emphasis on production meant that the workday changed for lower-class factory workers. People often worked as much as 14 hours a day.Result: Population IncreaseAlthough some historians disagree as to whether population increases helped spawn the Industrial Revolution or was caused by it, the period nevertheless correlated with a rise in global population. And the continued growth after the beginning of the period stems from a dramatic "surplus economy," where each person (with the aid of new machines) was capable of producing more than he used. Additionally, the increase in the size of the middle class resulted in increased life expectancies and decreased infant deaths.。

英国概况练习题《英国概况》试题(1)I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is _B___.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB.Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD.the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The H undred Years? war started in ____ and ended in ____, in which the Englishhad lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced byking _____.A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers of America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 1979英美概况试题(2)21. Soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its economic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position ofindustrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintainedthe lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionC. little money being investedD. the labour shortage24. Britain?s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are_____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she alwayssits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates? courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London?s Metropolitan Poli ce Force is under the control of_____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include thefollowing except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public officesare open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population inthe UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all答案answers :I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A20. C 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25.A 26. C 27. C 28.D 29. A 30. A 31.D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. A英美概况试题(3)II. Fill in the blanks:1. Geographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are highlands_______, while the east and south-east are mostly_lowlands_____.2. Welsh is located in the __west____ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English _ Anglo-Saxons _____, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ___ Celts ___.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes ______, _____, and _____ invaded Britain. Among them, the _____ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the ______ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William?s time is known as ______, which was compiled in _____.8. _____?s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer?s time after hewas murdered.9. ______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England?s population from four million to ______ million by the end of the 14th century.10.One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of ______ farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.12.During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheadssupported _______.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.14. In 1707, the Act of _______ united England and ______.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _____ and_______. The former were the forerunners of the ______ Party, the latter were of the ______ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _____ produced a very efficient _____ that couldbe applied to textile and other machinery.17. After the Industria l Revolution, Britain became the “______” of the world.18. During the Second World War ________ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19. In 1974 and 1977, the two ______ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically.20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _______.21. _______ has Europe?s largest collection of foreign owned chip factories.22. New industries in Britain include______, ______ and other high-tech industries.23. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official______, with its own leader and “______ cabinet”.24.The Prime Minister is appointed by ______, and his/her official residence is25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _____and ______.26. The criminal law in Britain presumes the _____ of the accused until he has beenproved guilty beyond reasonable doubt.27. The jury usually consists of _______ persons in England, Wales and NorthernIreland, and _____ persons in Scotland.28. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _______.29. In Britain the welfare state applies mainly to _____, national insurance and______.30. The two established churches in Britain are ____ and _____.31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of ______ inNorthen Ireland) and _____.32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools onthe basis of selection tests known as _______, which was replaced by ______.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _____ and ______.34.T he most-known universities in Britain are _____ and _____ which date from the_____ and _____ centuries.答案answers：1. highlands, lowlands3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles5. Hastings6. feudal7. Domesday Book, 1086 8. Thomas Becket 9. Black Death, two10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament13. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 14. Union, Scotland15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine17. workship 18. Winston Churchill 19. oil 20. the North Sea21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing25. country councils, district councils 26. innocence27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords29. the National Health Service, social security30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland31. 5, 4, 16 32. eleven-plus, comprehensive schools33. further education, high education 34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th英国概况试题(4)Explain the following terms.1. William the ConquerorWilliam was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christams Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.2. the Hundred Years? WarIt referred to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward IIIclaimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English were successful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France. The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.3. the Wars of RosesThey referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the white one. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the king?s power became supreme. Thdor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.4. Whigs and ToriesIt referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Noncomformists. The T ories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tories and became the Liberal Party. The T ories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.5. Queen Elizabeth IIThe present Sovereign, born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.英国概况试题(5)Please answer the questions.(前三题请自己思考)1. Please introduce …cohabitation? of Britain and put forward your opinion on it.2. How would you account for the fact that far fewer women than men are in top positions or have highly paid jobs?3. What are the causes of crimes in Britain today? How do you understand the causes of juvenile crime?4. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?——The Great Charter, or the Magna Carta, was document signed in 1215 between the barons and king John. It had altogether 63 clauses, of which themost important contents were these: (1) no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of his property except by the law of the land; (3) the church should possess all its rights and privileges; (4) London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges; (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country.The Great Charter was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king, but it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties.5. How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed?——The Industrial Revolution began with the textile industry. It?s characterized by a series of inventions and improvements of machin es, such as John Ray?s flying shuttle, James Hargreaves?spinning Jenny, Richard Arkwright?s waterframe and Samuel Cropton?s mule. The Scottish inventor James Watt produced a very efficient steam engine in 1765, which could be applied to textile and other machinery. The most important element in speeding industrialization was the breakthrough in smelting iron with coke instead of charcoal in 1709. Similar developments occurred in the forging side of the iron industry which enabled iron to replace wool and stone in many sectors of the economy. Improved transporation ran parallel with production.As a result of the industrial revolution, Britain was by 1830 the “workshop of the world”; no other country could compete with her in industrial production.6. How did the Labour Party come into being?——As the new working class became established in the industrial towns in the late 18th century, they became aware of the power which they could possess if they acted together instead of separately. So various working class organizations were formed which brought about the formation of the Labour Party.The Labour Party had its origins in the Independent Labour Party, which was formed in January, 1893 and Led by Keir Hardie, a Scottish miner. The foundation of an effective party for labour depended on the trade unions. In 1900, representatives of trade unions, the ILP, and a number of small societies set up the Labour Representation Committee (LRC). The LRC changed its name to be Labour Party in time for the general election which was called for 1906. The Labour Party remains one of the two major parties in Britain until today.7. What is a constitutional monarchy? When did it begin in Britain?—— A constitutional monarchy is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule. The country is namely reigned by the Sovereign, but virtually by His or Her Majesty?s Government ——a body of Ministers who are the leading members of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to Parliament.The Constitutional Monarchy in Britain began in 1689, when king William and Queen Mary jointly accepted the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lords and the House of Commons and constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with power limited by Parliament began.8. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government?—— The sovereign is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, he/she is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the a rmed forces of the crown and the “supreme governor” of the established church of England.9. What are the main functions of Parliament ?—— The main functions of Parliament are: (1) to pass laws;(2) to provide the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation; (3) to examine government policy and administration, including proposals for expenditure;(4) to debate the major issues of the day.。