非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，V-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。
注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词
to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not to mention…(更不用说)，Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (
一般说来/ 坦白说/ 粗略地说)
（一）辨别谓语与非谓语
特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。
①The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40
pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed
B. weighs
C. weighed
D. weighing
【解析】容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds用作children的定语。动词weigh与名词
children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。
②______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A. Giving
B. Give
C. Given
D. To give
【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选A或C项。这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。答案B。
（二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点
1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语
①It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
②I think it important for us to learn English very well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
it作形式主语使用动名词的句型
①It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用。
②It is fun(a great pleasure, a waste of time)
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。
2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定
①I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A. to sound
B. to be sounded
C. sounding
D. to have sounded
【解析】want后要跟动词不定式作宾语，sound是连系动词不用被动式，与谓语动词没有时间的先后，故不可用它的完成式。答案A。
类似的知识点要记牢。如：help, hope, ask, refuse, decide, promise,
wish, pretend, expect, arrange, learn, plan, demand,
dare, manage, agree, prepare, fail, determine, offer,
choose, desire, elect, long等动词后要用动词不
定式作宾语。
②It is difficult to imagine his ________the decision without any consideration.
A. accept
B. accepting
C. to accept
D. accepted
【解析】imagine要求用动名词作宾语。答案B。
3.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语意义不同
In some parts of London, missing a bus means ____for another hour.
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. wait
D. to be waiting
【解析】此题意为“在英国的一些地方，如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时。”mean doing sth 意为“意味着什么”，mean to do sth 意为
“试图、打算做什么”。答案A。
类似的知识点要记牢。
①动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同
remember to do sth. 记住要做
remember doing sth.记得过去做过
forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事
forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事
②动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同 regret to do sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔 mean to do sth.打算，想要 mean doing 意味着，意思是 try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事
can’t help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住 can’t help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事 be considered to have done 被认为已经做了 consider…to be 认为是 consider doing 考虑做某事
③动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同
want ，need ，require 接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系
These young trees require looking after （=to be looked after ）. The matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over). ④下列动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语
stop to do 停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语） stop doing 停止做（动名词作宾语）
go on to do 接着做另一件事（不定式作目的状语） go on doing 继续做同一件事（动名词作宾语）
（三）非谓语作宾语补足语的重点 1.理解下表中所列的关系
When I came in, I saw her dancing happily. （主动进行）
I saw him go to the cinema.（主动，全过程）
We heard her singing next door.（主动进行）
We heard the song sung by her next door. （被动完成）
We heard the song being sung next door. （被动进行）
2.下列动词和短语必须以用不定式作宾语补足语
wish, want, ask, require/request, order, warn, allow/permit, forbid, expect, remind, encourage, inspire, call on, depend on
注意：advise/allow/permit/forbid +宾语+不定式作宾语补足语
advise/allow/permit/forbid +动名词作宾语时
①What did the librarian _____ out of the library?
A. permit to take
B. forbid to be taken
C. allow to take
D. insist being taken
②I don’t allow ______ in my office and I don’t allow my family ______ at all.
A. to smoke…smoking
B. smoking…to smoke
C. to smoke…to smoke
D. s moking…smoking
答案：B
3. 在think, consider, find等动词后常用to be +adj.结构作宾语补足语，有时to be 省略。
We all discover him (to be) kind and honest.
4.几个特别的结构
▲have+宾语+do/doing/done
①“ have + 宾语+ do sth ”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的have 是使役
动词，宾语后的do sth 是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.老板经常要他们一天工作14
个小时。
②“have +宾语+ doing”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面
用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。
Don’t have the dog barking much, Lilin. 李林，别让狗狂吠不停。
③“ have + 宾语+done”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”或者是“遭受/遭遇了……，
此时，主语是无意中的受害者，而不是动作的执行者”的意思。宾语后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。
We had the machine mended just now.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。
He had his leg injured while playing football.他在踢足球时腿受了伤。
▲get+宾语+to do/doing/done
三种结构的意义请参看上述“have+宾语+do/doing/done”的意义解释。
He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。
Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？
Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。
▲make + oneself + done
oneself 与其后的过去分词存在着动宾关系，或者说是被动关系
He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。
（四）非谓语作定语的重点
1.理解下表中所列的关系
It is a good chance to practice your spoken English.这是练习你的口语的好机会。
He was the last oneto leave the office.他是最后一个离开办公室的。
The woman standing over there is our English teacher.站在那边的那个妇女是我们的英语老师。
The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.（将要建的）
The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.（正在建的）
The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.（已经建成的）
I like reading books written by Lu Xun.我喜欢读鲁迅写的小说。
2.动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢
When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ______.
A. to send
B. for sending it
C. to send it to
D. for sending it to
【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B 和D；答案A中，没有to 就意味着是把George 这个人打发走。本句意思是将该报告送给这
个人—George, it 指这个报告，因此to不能少。答案C。
（五）非谓语作状语的重点
1.理解下表中所列的关系
Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.
Having (=Because we have) made full preparations, we are sure to be successful.
Having been shown around(=After we had been shown) the library, we were then taken to see the laboratory.
Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
Locked (=When he was locked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.
2.too…to…, enough to do…, only to…等结构表示结果
The boy is too young to join the navy.这男孩太小参不了海军。
The hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people. 这厅大得足以容纳一千人。
They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet他们搬起石头结果却砸了自己的脚。
注意：动词作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果。
Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.
The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay.
3.分词（短语）作状语的附着规则
使用分词（短语）作句子状语时，有一条规则必须遵守：即分词（短语）的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致，否则句子就是错句。
_____from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see
【解析】此处是非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。答案A。
对比：Seeing from the top of the tower, we can find the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
主要：已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词（短语）不需要遵守这条附着规则常见的的有：considering…(鉴于/考虑到……)，judging
by/from…(从……来看，依据……来判断)，supposing that…(假定……)，
providing that… (假定……)，according to…(依据……)，including…(包
括……)，owing to…(由于……)，talking/speaking of…(谈及……)
given…(考虑到……), provided that…(如果……)
4.独立主格结构和with复合结构
▲逻辑主语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词
I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.
今天我先给你寄100美元。其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去。
Weather permitting, I’ll go to the park with my parents on Sunday.
如果天气允许，星期天我将和爸妈去公园。
All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.
考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。
▲with(without)+宾语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词
With a lot of difficult problems to settle ,the newly —elected president is having a hard time.
有很多难题要解决新任总统日子可不好过！
Without anything to eat, he died of hunger. 由于没有东西吃，他饿死了。
The Yangtze river is very busy with so many boats and ships coming and going every day.
每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌。
Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks.
如果不另给我们时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。
With everything well arranged, he left the office.一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。
（六）非谓语动词的逻辑主语
一般说来非谓语动词的逻辑主语要么就是句子的主语或宾语，要么就是被它所修饰的中心词。但是有时需要明确非谓语动词所表示动作的执行者或承受者，这时就要标明它的逻辑主语。
①当动名词短语作主语、宾语或表语时，具有名词特性，其逻辑主语由“名
词所有格或形容词性物主代词”表示，放在动名词短语之前。当动名词短
语不在句首时，也可由“名词普通格或代词宾
格”表示。
Helen’s/Her being absent made the teacher very angry. 海伦/她没来上课，让老师很生气。
They insisted on my/me speaking at the meeting. 他们坚持要我在会上发言。
Please do me a favor — ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30
tonight.
A. to invite
B. inviting
C. invite
D. invited
【解析】答案为C。该题目把祈使句，非谓语动词以及破折号的作用综合到一起来进行考察查。句意：请帮我个忙——邀请我的朋友史密斯先生今
晚7点半到青年剧院。破折号后是一个祈使句。
1.作宾语时的区别
①I can’t stand _____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses______ talking while she works.
A. working , stopping
B. to work,stopping
C. working, to stop
D. to work , to stop
【解析】答案为C。stand在这里表示“忍受”，后面要求用动名词作宾语，而“refuse”要用不定式作宾语。
②Isn't it time you got down to______ thepapers?
A.mark
B.be marked
C.being marked
D.marking
【解析】答案为D。“got down to”中的“to”是介词因而要用动名词作宾语，而动名词“marking”与其逻辑主语“you”是主动关系。
③There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need _______.
A. that, to be improved
B. which , to be improved
C. where, improving
D. when, improving
【解析】答案为A。因为“公路状况需要改善”，“need”后接“improving”或“to be improved”都可以。后面的从句应是“problem”的同位语，应用“that”
引导。
④Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried alone,but
shedidn’t like it and moved back
home.
A. living
B. to live
C. to be living
D. having lived
【解析】答案为A。try doing sth.意为“试着做某事”；try to do sth. 意为“尽力去做某事”。句意：苏姗不想依赖父母。她试着一个人生活，但不喜欢
这样，又搬回家去了。
⑤All the staff in our company are considering______ to the city centre for the fashion show.
A. to go
B. going
C. to have gone
D. having gone
【解析】答案为B。consider doing意为“考虑做某事”。
2.作表语时的区别
①Tom sounds very much ______ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.
A. interested
B. interesting
C. interestingly
D. interestedly
【解析】答案为A。“sound”是连系动词，应使用形容词化的分词作表语。C、D备选项都是副词，应排除。“interest”的现在分词表示主语所具有
的特征，意思是“令人感兴趣的”；过去分词表示主语所处的状态，
意思是“感兴趣的”。
②Please remain ;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
A. seating
B. seated
C. to seat
D. to be seated
【解析】答案为B。“seat”是及物动词，“be seated=sit down”。此处“seated=sitting”。“remain seated”
保持坐着的状态。句意为：请各位在座位上坐着；获奖者很快就会宣布的。
3.作宾语（主语）补足语时的区别
①The teacher asked us_________so much noise.
A. don’t make
B. not make
C. not making
D. not to make
【解析】答案为D。在动词“ask”后面用不定式作宾语补足语，其否定形式是
“not to do”。
②—Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?
—Just a minute.I’ll have Bob ____you to your room.
A.show
B.shows
C. to show
D. showing
③A cook will be immediately fired if he was found________in kitchen.
A. smoke
B. smoking
C. to smoke
D. smoked
【解析】答案为B。“find”后接现在分词作主语补足语。此句中“smoking”
是主语“he”的补足语, 所以称为主语补足语。表示主动的正在发生的
事。根据“immediately”可判断出“厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被
立即开除”。
④To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English as much as
we can.
A. speak
B. speaking
C. spoken
D. to speak 【解析】答案为C。此处考查“hear+宾语+do/doing/done”的结构。因为“English”是“被说”，故用过去分词（spoken）作宾补，表示被动。
4.作后置定语时的区别
①If there is a lot of work _______, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. done
D. doing
【解析】答案为A。“work”和“do”虽然存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但主语“I”
和“do”存在逻辑上的主谓关系，此时用“to do”做后置定语。
②When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ______.
A. to send
B. for sending it
C. to send it to
D. for sending it to
【解析】答案为C。该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B 和D选项；
答案A项意为“送乔治这个人走”，显然不符合题意。而应该是将报
告送给“乔治这个人”才符合题意。“it”指这个报告。后面的介词“to”
不能少。
③—The last one ___________ pays the meal.
—Agreed!
A. arrived
B. arrives
C. to arrive
D. arriving 【解析】答案为C。“the last/next/first...”后常接不定式作定语。
④The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games______in Beijing in 2008.
A.hold
B.holding
C.held
D.to be held
【解析】答案为D。非谓语动词作后置定语的三种情况：the meeting to be held 意为“即将召开的会议”；the meeting held意为“已经召开的会议”；
the meeting being held是“正在召开的会议”的意思。很显然当时
（2006年）“the 29th Olympic Games”还没有召开，故选D项。
⑤Reading is an experience quite different from watchingTV;there are pictures
______ in your mind instead of
beforeyour eyes.
A.to form
B.form
C.forming
D.having formed
【解析】答案为C。根据本题提供的语境，“看书时有画面在大脑中形成。”而句中有谓语“there are ”，
所以本应填非谓语动词，可排除B项。又因为“看书的同时就会形成”，排除A、D选项，故
选C项作定语。
⑥At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed
B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed
D. to open and close
【解析】答案为C。参看上面的例④。
⑦The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A. to be completed
B. having been completed
C. completed
D. being completed
【解析】答案为C。参看上面例④的简析。
⑧—Can those at the back of the classroom hear me? —No problem.
A.seat
B.sit
C.seated
D.sat
【解析】答案为C。“sit”为不及物动词，可用“sitting”作定语；“seat”为及物动词，常与反身代词连用或用“be seated”形式。这里“seat”与“those”构
成逻辑上的被动关系，故用其过去分词作定语=those who are seated…。
5.作状语时的区别
①He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets has been sold out.
A. to be told
B. to tell
C. told
D. telling 【解析】答案为A。“only”后接不定式表示出人意料的结果。
②Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached
B. reaching
C. to reach
D. to be reaching
【解析】答案为B。从句意来分析, 主句部分表示油价上涨了百分之三十二，逗号后面的内容为油价上涨后的必然结果“达到……记录” 。
③The storm left ,_____a lot of damage to this area .
A. caused
B. to have caused
C. to cause
D. having caused
【解析】答案为D。因“The storm”与“cause”存在逻辑上的主动关系，故排除选项A；不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B、C选项；因暴
风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前, 所以用完成式。
④“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _________ away.
A. run
B. running
C. to run
D. ran
【解析】答案为B。“running away”在此作“shouted”的伴随状语, 由珍妮特发出这一动作, 故用现在分词。
⑤to reach them on the phone,we sent an email instead.
A. Fail
B. Failed
C. To fail
D. Having failed
【解析】答案为D。非谓语动词与主语构成主谓关系。且“没有打动电话”在“发电子邮件” 前已经发生。用现在分词主动式的完成式作时间状语。
⑥around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for
the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. Having shown
B. To be shown
C. Having been shown
D. To show
【解析】答案为C。“show”与“take”之间有明显的时间先后关系，且句子的主语与“show”构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故该空格处用完成式的被动形式。
⑦_____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed
B. To dress
C. Dressing
D. Having dressed
【解析】答案为A。“dress”是及物动词，其用法为“dresssb./oneself（表动作）、be dressed in（表状态）”。
“dress”与“he”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系, 故用过去分词。
⑧______ into use in April 2000, the h otline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A. Put
B. Putting
C. Having put
D. Being put
【解析】答案为A。句子的主语是“the hotline”与“投入使用”存在着逻辑上的被动关系，而且表示过
去的事情, 所以排除D项。
①Faced with a bill for $10,000, _______.
A. an extra job has been given to John
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. John has taken an extra job
【解析】答案为A。根据“分词作状语其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致”的原则，只有A项才对。
②_________, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking
B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking
D. Speaking generally
【解析】答案为C。分词短语独立成分。现在分词短语作为习语不遵守分词的附着规则。
③____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When
compared
【解析】答案为D。分词的逻辑主语为“the biggest ocean”，它不能发出“compare”
动作。从“compare A with B”的结构我们可以推断，它们之间存在逻辑
上的被动关系，应用过去分词。如选B或C项，则就是“垂悬分词”。
1.不定式的复合结构和否定结构
①It was foolish ______you to give up what you rightly owned.
A. for
B. of
C. about
D. from 【解析】答案为B。本句可以改成：You were foolish to give up…。形容词与非谓语动词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。
②To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule_____.
A.to never break
B.never to be broken
C.never to have broken
D.never to be breaking
【解析】答案为B。动词不定式的否定式是在“to”前加“not”或“never”。“规则被打破”要用被动式。
③The patient was warned ______oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not
B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
【解析】答案为C。动词不定式的否定式是在“to”前加“not”或“never”。
2.动词不定式的省略结构
①—What’s the matter with Della?
—Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still __.
A. hopes to
B. hopes so
C. hopes not
D. hopes for
【解析】答案为A。在不定式作简略回答时，常常将不定式“to”之后的内容省略。
②—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?
—, but I promised Nancy to go out with her.
A.I’d like to
B.I like it
C.I don’t
D.I
will
【解析】答案为A。简略答语中省略动词，只保留动词不定式符号。
③In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than .
A.that used to be
B.it is used to
C.it was used to
D.it used to be
【解析】答案为D。表示“过去常常……”用“used to do”。本题中“be”为连系动词，不是实义动词，不能省略。
3.不定式的几个特别句型
①It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows______ .
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
【解析】答案为C。“疑问词+不定式”作动词“knows”的宾语，而to do with sth.
意为“处置、对付”是固定搭配。“it”是“with”的宾语指“the land”。
“what to do with it”当于宾语从句“what the government should do
with it”。
②I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good .
A.to be breathed
B.to breathe
C.breathing
D.being breathed
【解析】答案为B。在“主语+be+adj.+to do”句型中，动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。
③—Is Bob still performing?
—I’m afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left
B. to leave
C. to have been left
D. to be left 【解析】答案为A。在“Sb./Sth. is/was+过去分词+不定式”句型中，如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词前面发生，动词不定式要用完成式。
④The flu is believed _____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cell inside the human nose and throat.
A. causing
B. being caused
C. to be caused
D. to have caused
【解析】答案为C。在“Sb./Sth. is/was+过去分词+不定式”句型中，如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语动
词后面发生，动词不定式要用一般式。
4.动名词的复合结构和否定结构
①_____the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A.The president will attend
B.The president to attend
C.The president attended
D.The president’s attending
【解析】答案为D。此题为动名词的复合结构在句中作主语，句中“the president’s”为名词所有格充当动名“attending”的逻辑主语。②—They are quiet, aren’t they?
—Yes. They are accustomed________ at meals.
A. to talk
B. to not talk
C. to talking
D. to not talking
【解析】答案为D。词组“be accused to （习惯于）”，其中“to”是介词，后跟名词或动名词。动名词的否定式在其前加“not”。
③The news of _______ greatly made us surprised a lot as he was indeed very excellent.
A. not his having elected
B. not his being elected
C. his not being elected
D. his not having elected
【解析】答案为C。如果将D选项改成“his not having been elected”也对。
注意：现在分词的否定式也是在其前加not。
_______the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
【答案】C。
5.独立主格结构与with复合结构
①The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ___ _____at the end of last March.
A. has been launched
B. having been launched
C. being launched
D. to be launched
【解析】答案为B。独立主格结构作状语，排除谓语动词形式，即A项。“the most recent”与“launch”为逻辑上的被动关系，且“launch”在谓语动词之前发
生。
②The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished
【解析】答案为B。根据句子结构判断，此处为独立主格结构，且功课是被完成，因此用过去分词。
③—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down.
A.filled
B.filling
C.to fill
D.being filled
【解析】答案为B。“so much work”与“fill”之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 并且强调此时状态, 故用现在分词。
④John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished
B. finishing
C. having finished
D. was finished
【解析】答案为A。“his work”与“finish”之间逻辑上存在被动关系，用过去分词表示被动且已经完成。
中考英语非谓语动词解题技巧及练习题 一、非谓语动词 1．—Hello, Lucy, please give me some ____ on how to improve my English! —You'd better keep ___ more English books. A. advices; read B. advice; read C. advice; reading D. advices; reading 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你好，露西，关于如何提高我的英语请给我一些建议，——你最好坚持读英语书。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式；keep doing sth，坚持做某事，故选C。 【点评】考查固定搭配，注意keep doing sth的用法。 2．When you leave, please turn off the lights energy. A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：当你离开时请关灯以节约能源。动词不定式表示目的，结合句意，故选B。 3．The workers were made from morning to night in the past. A. worked B. to work C. work D. working 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:在过去工人们被迫从早晨工作到晚上make sb do sth让某人做某事，其被动语态形式sb be made to do sth所以选B。 4．—Have you ever heard that China is building a nationwide 5G network? —Right. 5G will allow us ________ English movies faster than ever. A. download B. downloads C. to download D. downloading 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意——你听说了中国正在建造全国5G网络吗？——对，5G将会让我们比原来更快的速度下载英文电影。allow sb to do sth，允许某人做某事，固定短语，应使用动词不定式，故答案是C。 【点评】考查动词不定式，注意识记固定搭配allow sb. to do sth结构。 5．To keep children away from danger，we warn parents ________ children at home alone． A. leave B. to leave C. not leave D. not to leave 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查不定式短语．句意：为了让孩子们远离危险，我们警告家长不要把
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空（v-ing/v-ed/to do的不同时态） 1．When we saw the road ___________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 2．The engine just won't start. Something seems ____________ (go) wrong with it. 3．___________ (amaze) at his final score, he decided to treat himself to a big dinner. 5．___________ (judge) from his accent, he is from the south of China. 6．___________ (struggle) with depression, eating disorders and alcohol abuse for years, he now understands how important being healthy is. 7．The poor girl appeared so frightened. She must have seen something ____________ (frighten) on her way home. 9．There are more than 740 million Chinese ___________ (expose) to second-hand smoking in public places now. 10．Amy, please tell the people seated and ___________ (wait) for their turns to come to my office five minutes later. 11．—Any danger for the patient ___________ (operate) on by Dr. Smith?—Hard to say. Doctors are trying their best. 12．His first book ____________ (publish) next month is based on a true story. 13．Yan'an, a city ___________ (locate) in northern Shaanxi province, has seen great progress in its tourism industry over the past few years. 14．Experts insist that packets of cigarettes come with a health warning ___________ (attach) to them. 15．It is said that sixty percent of all energy __________ (produce) in the world today is being lost as waste heat. 16．The quarrel ____________ (lead) to the fight started from their disbelief in each other. II.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文) I live in a village __1__ (locate) in the west of He Bei Province. __2__ (surround) by green trees, my house feels cool in summer. My father is a farmer, who is the first __3__ (get) up in the morning in my family. __4__ (dress) in simple clothes, he looks __5__ (refresh). I love eating the fresh fruit and vegetables __6__ (grow) by my father. __7__ (taste) nice, the fresh fruit and vegetables sell well. __8__ (make) them grow well, my father has brought in __9__ (advance) technology. __10__ (absorb) in looking after his fruit trees and vegetables, my father seldom has a good chat with our neighbours. Ⅲ.直击高考 1．__________(make) it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.
【英语】高考英语非谓语动词真题汇编(含答案) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ in a short period. A．improved B．improving C．to improve D．improve 【答案】A 【解析】 宾语written English与improve之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。 2．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we refused his offer. A．not finishing B．had not been finished C．not having finished D．not finished 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：在这里，our work处在逗号位置，作整个句子的原因状语，这里应填非谓语动词。work和finish存在逻辑上的被动关系，所以应该用过去分词，故选D。 考点：独立主格结构的考查 点评：独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 3．The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world. A．filling B．filled C．being filled D．to fill 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方，充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组：be filled with被……充满，此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去分词做伴随状态，故选B。 4．Workers have been working through the night ________ the bridge safe. A．made B．to make C．being made D．having made 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了使桥安全工人们整夜地工作。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。
2019中考英语非谓语动词总结 一．接动词不定式（ to do/ do sth ） 1.like to do sth 2.like sb to do sth 3.let's (not ) do sth 4.want to do sth 5.want sb to do sth 6.love to do sth 7.ask sb (not ) to do sth 8.stop to do sth 9.tell sb (not ) to do sth 10.watch sb do sth 11.it's time (for sb) to do sth .help sb (to ) do sth 13.help do sth 14.make sb do sth 15.decide (not ) to do sth 16.find it +adj + to do sth 17.have to do sth 18.try (not ) to do sth 19.try one's best to do sth 20.it's +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth 21.plan to do sth 22.s.p.+be a good place to do sth 23.it takes sb +some time + to do sth 24.send sb to do sth 25.invite sb to do sth 26.forget to do sth 27.live to be +时间 28.be able to do sth 29.have sth to do 30.seem to do sth 31.get sb /sth to do sth 32.疑问词+ to do sth 33.need sth to do sth https://www.doczj.com/doc/df11585003.html,e sth to do sth 35.follow sb to sth 36.need to do sth 37.a good time to do sth 38.the best time to do sth 39.the best way to do sth 40.be the first / last one to do sth 41.would like to do sth 42.be excited /surprised to do sth 43.be useful to do sth 44.be allowed to do sth 45.allow sb to do sth 46.it's better to do sth 47.it's best to do sth
高考英语非谓语动词知识点全集汇编及解析(6) 一、选择题 1．The boss __________ during working hours and all the workers __________ in that company. A．forbids smoking; are forbidden to smoke B．forbids to smoke; are forbidden to smoke C．forbids smoking; forbid from smoking D．forbids to smoke; are forbidden from smoking 2．The car moved so fast the it went through the highway-dividing fence, ________ in a collision in which five people died. A．to result B．resulting C．resulted D．having resulted 3．It is easy ________ the consequences of unchecked plant disease: food shortage could kill millions of people and cause unrest in the world. A．imagine B．to be imagined C．imagining D．to imagine 4．After a long journey across the whole of Europe from north to south, they found themselves _________out as well as their clothes. A．wear B．wore C．wearing D．worn 5．Last night, there were millions of people ______________ the opening ceremony live on TV. A．watch B．to watch C．watched D．watching 6．As far as I’m concerned, this book deserves ______ several times. A．being read B．to read C．reading D．read 7．Rose couldn't stand . A．being made fun of B．making fun of C．to make fun of D．being made fun 8．At last the boy had no choice but ________ the bread from the supermarket. A．admit to have stolen B．admit having stolen C．to admit to have stolen D．to admit having stolen 9．____________ with a difficult situation, the Chinese government is taking immediate measures to control the prices, which have been growing too quickly. A．To face B．Having faced C．Faced D．Facing 10．Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A．realizing B．realized C．to realize D．being realized 11．—Did you have a good time at the party? —Thanks. I appreciated______to your home. A．to be invited B．to have invited C．being invited D．having invited 12．The next morning she found the man ___________ in bed, dead. A．lying B．lie C．lay D．laying 13．________ good, the food was sold out soon. A．Tasting B．Tasted C．Being tasted D．Taste
非谓语动词专练100题 1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps. A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting 2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beiji ng in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding 3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain 4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ him a millionaire overnight. A. making B. makes C. to make D. made 5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____. A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning 6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good to his health. A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing 7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things _____. A. remaining; remained to be settled B. remaining; remaining to be settled C. remained; remained to settle D. remained; remaining to settle 8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered 9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon. A. Judged B. Judging C. Having judged D. To judge 10. —Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? — Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _____. A. to play; dancing B. playing; to dance C. to play; to dance D. playing; is to dance 11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late. A. having been addressed B. to have addressed C. to have been addressed D. being addressed 12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003, _____ all seven astronauts aboard. A. having killed B. killing C. being killed D. killed 13. There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired 14. — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations. A. Tom delayed sending B. Tom’s delaying sending C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send 15. I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid _____ them. A. of talking back; to lose B. of talking back; of losing C. to talk back; to lose D. to talk back; of losing 16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _____ the flowing of the smog
人教版中考英语九年级英语非谓语动词专题(含答案) 一、非谓语动词 1．We are supposed ________ some housework with our parents when we have free time. A. to share B. sharing C. shared D. share 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：有空的时候，我们应该和父母一起做家务。be supposed to do sth，固定搭配，应该，故此处是不定式，故选A。 【点评】考查固定搭配，注意be supposed to do sth的用法。 2．We should do what we can our English. A. improve B. improved C. to improve D. improving 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:我们应该做我们能做的事提高我们的英语。句子主语是we, 谓语是should do,宾语是what we can,后边的部分作目的状语，用不定式形式，故选C。 3．Jane was shy. She would not invite her classmates____speaking English. A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：詹妮胆小害羞，她不会邀请她的同学练习讲英语。邀请某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.，后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语，故选D。 4．Smart phones ______ by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world. A. made B. making C. to make 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：由华为制造的智能手机在全世界正在变得越来越受欢迎。根据句意可知 ______ by Huawei做前面phones的定语，并且表示被动，所以用动词过去分词做名词定语，即made，故选A。 【点评】考查动词过去分词做名词定语，注意平时识记，理解句意。 5．Dave is a good boy and he always finishes _______ his homework on time. A. do B. did C. does D. doing 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语形式。根据finish后只能接v-ing形式，故选D。类似的还有enjoy, mind, practice, allow, consider…。
高考英语非谓语动词知识点真题汇编附答案 一、选择题 1．His study was a mess with lots of books and magazines __________up everywhere. A．to pile B．having piled C．piled D．to be piled 2．The next morning she found the man ___________ in bed, dead. A．lying B．lie C．lay D．laying 3．By no means ________ when we try to create a global brand. A．the cultural factor is to neglect B．is the cultural factor to neglect C．the cultural factor is to be neglected D．is the cultural factor to be neglected 4．A healthy diet and adequate physical exercises are the keys ______ a better life. A．of having B．to have C．for having D．to having 5．It is easy ________ the consequences of unchecked plant disease: food shortage could kill millions of people and cause unrest in the world. A．imagine B．to be imagined C．imagining D．to imagine 6．Some psychologists suggest that one could improve his performance when mentally imagining himself ________ (perform) well at some back. A．performing B．to perform C．performed D．having performed 7．________ with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend hours going from one dress on another before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. A．Having faced B．Faced C．To face D．Facing 8．________ to a colorful campus culture, students should draw a line between what is their major concern and what is of ________ importance. A．Exposing…the least B．Having exposed...least C．Having been exposed…the less D．Exposed...less 9．Some people are skeptical about the internet, ________ that surfing the Internet is a waste of time. A．claimed B．claiming C．to claim D．having claimed 10．Last night, there were millions of people ______________ the opening ceremony live on TV. A．watch B．to watch C．watched D．watching 11．Bats are surprisingly long lived creatures, some ________ a life span of around 20 years. A．having B．had C．have D．to have 12．The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, _______no result. A．reached B．to reach C．would reach D．reaching 13．（2015·江苏）Much time ________sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
非谓语动词 非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。 （一）动词不定式：动词不定式由―to+ 动词原形‖构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如： （1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other. （2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示―足能…‖的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for
非谓语动词 【真题再现】 1. —Some children can't afford ________ necessary stationary. (2014 扬州) —Let's donate our pocket money to them. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. be bought 2. My parents always tell me ________ more vegetables and fruit. (2014 北京) A. eat B. eating C. eats D. to eat 3. Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money ________ poor young girls return to school. (2014 镇江) A. to save B. saving C. helping D. to help 4. Granny often tells us ________ water in our daily life.(2014 泰安) A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves 5. Tom’s mother told him ________ eating too much meat.(2014黔西南州) A. stopping B. to stop C. stops D. stopped 6. —Hey guys, Chinese way of ________ the road is very dangerous. You must wait for the green lights on. (2014 昆明) — Thank you for your advice, sir. A. going B. walking C. crossing D. passing 7. —What else should we pay attention to ________ building the bridge?(2014 淮安) －The change of the weather, I think. A. finish B. finished C. to finish D. finishing 8. —Tom, why are you in such a hurry?(2014黑龙江省龙东地区) －Oh, my bike is broken, I’m going to have it ________. A. repairing B. repaired C. to repair 9. The WWF is working hard __________ the animals in danger．(2015 南宁) A．save B．to save C．saves D．saved 10. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after __________ for such a long time. (2015 广州) A. run B. runs C. to run D. running 11. This sign is used ________ tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo．(2015 南通) A．to warn B．to warning C．to make D．to making 12. Thanks to the robots, the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time _______ boring numbers and information.(2015 临沂) A．processing B．to process C．processed D．process 13. My friend invited me __________ the art club, and I accepted it with pleasure.(2015 上海) A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining 14. Martin was so busy __________ the old that he gave up his part-time job.(2015 上海) A. helping B. helped C. to help D. help 15．The traffic signs warn people after drinking. （2015 青岛） A. to drive B. not to drive C. driving D. don’t drive 【答案与解析】 1. C。句意：——一些孩子买不起必要的文具。——让我们把零花钱捐给他们吧。afford 后跟动词不定式作宾语，故选C项。