非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词的概念
非谓语形式有三种： 1.动词不定式：to do表示目的和将来
2、动词的ing(动名词) : doing表示主动和进行 3.动词的过去分词：done表示被动和完成
二、非谓语动词的时态和语态
一般式完成式进行式
不定式主动to do to have done to be doing
被动to be done to have been done
ing 形式主动doing having done
被动being done having been done
过去分词被动done
三、非谓语动词的做题步骤：
1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较
1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语：
1）. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk
B. Walking
C. To walk
D. Walk
2）. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.
It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help us.
注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth. There is no point（in）doing sth
2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较：
1）、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如：
My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)
Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.（主，表语要用同一种形式）
2）、分词作表语：记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊)，surprising (令人吃惊)，surprised (主语)感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite (激动)，astonish (惊奇)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊恐)，disappoint (失望)，move（感动）
如：The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.
3）、在seem / appear (似乎，好像)，prove/ turn out (被证明是)，remain (仍然是，尚待)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed (to be ) very happy.
二、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较
1、只能接不定式的动词：口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decied(determine), learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse,manage,care,pretend; offer,promise,choose,plan; agree,ask/beg,help.
2、只能接动名词的动词：口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit，delay, put off, fancy(想象，设想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise; den y, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can’t help, mind, allow/peremit, escape
3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：
remember to do记得去做remember doing记得做过; forget to do忘记去做forget doing忘记做过regret to do遗憾去做regret doing 后悔做过try to do设法去做try doing试着做,
go on to do做完某事接着做另一件事go on doing 继续做同一件事
mean to do打算做mean doing意味着做stop to do停下来去做stop doing停止做
cant help (to) do 不能帮助做can’t help doing 忍不住做
如：In some parts of London, missing a bus means ____ for another hour.
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. wait
D. to be waiting
4.表示未实现的愿望的动词,即表示本打算，想做，但事实上没做。
这些动词plan, intend, mean, want, hope, wish, expect , 用had planned to do sth. / planned to have done来表示。注：Would like / love 只用would like to have done
如：I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
5、要接动名词的几个句型：
prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth from doing …(阻止…做) how about / what about doing spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在…花费或浪费时间或钱have some difficulty / trouble / problems( in )doing在做…有困难have a hard / good time in doing 做…很艰难或做…很愉快6、含介词to 的短语:
look forward to 盼望，devote…to 致力于、献身于，be / get used to 习惯于lead to 导致，
get down to 着手做，pay attention to 注意refer to 谈到、所指、参考，equal to 等于、能胜任，belong to 属于
如: Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ___ some school for poor children.
A.set up
B.setting up
C.have set up
D. having set up
7.动词不定式but,other than后面时，如果介词前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to；否则带to（即前有do后无to）如：have no choice but to do sth.没有别的选择，只好做…
Eg，Sandy could do nothing but ____ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit
B. admitted
C. admitting
D. to admit
另外,can’t choose/help but(只好); can’t but(只好); had better; would rather后面的不定式也省to Eg, He can’t choose but stay on. 他没办法只好待下去
8．permit / allow (允许)，forbid (禁止)，advise (建议)，有两种用法：一是后接动名词，二是后接“sb. + to do sth”
9、need, want, require“需要”,主语是物时,need, want, require+doing（用动词ing 主动形式表被动）
/ to be don e / sb to be done
be worth(值得) +名词/doing be worthy+to be done/of being done
eg.①The window needs/wants/requires to be cleaned/cleaning. 窗户需要擦一下。
②The place is worth visiting. ＝The place is worthy+ to be visited/of being visited.
三、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较
1、不定式作宾语补足语，如：ask sb to do sth (sb作宾语，to do sth作宾补，宾语＋宾补＝复合宾语) 类似动词有：tell, want, encourage, advise, order, require, force, beg, cause, allow, permit, forbid（禁止）, warn（警告）, remind, teach, call on (号召)，depend on (指望)，would like / love (想要)，prefer, wish, expect, hope（不带复合宾语)注：help sb (to) do sth.
2、（1）使役动词后接不带to的不定式：let / make / have sb do sth. 但使役动词的被动语态常用：be made to do sth.
注：get sb to do sth. 译成“让某人做…（主动句中to不省略）
Eg，Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.
A. cry, to cry
B. crying, crying
C. cry, cry
D. to cry, cry
（2）have句型：have sb do sth使/让/叫某人干某事have sb/ sth doing使某人某物持续的做某事, have sth done 表示两种意义：A.请别人做，而不是主语做； B.意外事故引起的,“使遭受…..”如：He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch ______.
A. to repair
B. repaired
C. repairing
D. repair
如：Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 汤姆在踢足球时，伤了腿。
（3）get句型：get sb to do sth使/让/叫某人干某事get sb/ sth doing使某人/物开始动起来get sth done 使某事被做
如:He tried to get the car moving. 他尽力让车发动起来
（4）make oneself understood / heard / known 用过去分词作宾补
3、感官动词后作宾补的非谓语形式：感官动词：feel, see, hear, watch, notice
用法：感官动词＋sb + do / doing / done/being done (分别表示全过程/正在发生/被动完成/正在发
生且表示被动)。如：
1) They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow
B. grew
C. was growing
D. to grow
2) The missing boy was last seen ____ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 3）I heard an English song _____by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.
A.being sung
B.singing
C.sing
D.to sing
4、with的复合结构：with +宾+宾补（形容词、副词（in, out）,介词短语，非谓语形式），非谓语形
式有：to do 表示将来，doing 表示主动和进行，done表示被动和完成。
如：The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
5、find + 宾语+ 宾补（doing / done）, keep +宾+doing, catch sb + doing (撞见某人在做)，
smell sb +doing (察觉到某人在做)
如：He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passager.
A. put
B. to be putting C . to put D. putting
She found a wallet lying on the ground. 她发现一只钱包在地上。Both doors were found locked.
6.句型：It is said / reported / thought / known /believed that…. 可转化为：
sb / sth be said / reported/known/believed to have done sth.
如：Robert is said ___ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied
B. to study
C. to be studying
7.不定式，分词作宾补的小窍门：下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在被动语态中要加上to；他们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看（look at,see,watch,notice,observe）;3使(make,let,have); 2听（listen to,hear）1感觉(feel)
以上动词还可以用现在分词作补语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除make,let外都可以用现在分词作补语；此外find,catch,keep,leave（+4）也可以用现在分词作补语。如：
Leave sb doing让某人一直做某事（宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行）It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器一直开着是不对的。
四、三种非谓语形式作定语定语的比较：
*考点一：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后有相应的介词。例如：
① The Browns have a comfortable house to live in。
② There is nothing to worry about.但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way时，
不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
He had no money and no place to live (in). We find a way to solve this problem (in).
*考点二：区别下面两句话：
Have you anything to send?(不定式动作的执行者是“你”) “你有什么东西要寄吗？”
Have you anything to be send?（不定式的动作是“我或别人”）“你有什么要我或者别人寄得东
西吗？”
*考点三：修饰序数词、最高级或no，all,any等词多有动词不定式。例如：
He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal
*考点四：三个非谓语动词作定语的区别：（与中心词之间的关系）
●动作表将来，主动时用to do
●动作表将来，被动时用to be done 例如：the building to be built next year ●动作正在进行，主动或不及物动词时用 doing
●动作正在进行，被动时用 being done the building being built now
●动作已完成，表被动时用 done；不及物动词只表动作完成 the building built last year
例：①The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
②. The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B. C, did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be first playing
五、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较
1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语
1）目的：eg. She had to shout to make herself heard. 常见于：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于
句首)，可互换
2）原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surpried, disappointed. 不
定式不放在句首。如：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.
3）结果：常用only to do…来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。
另外，固定结构：too…to do, enough to do, so / such…as to do 中，不定式也作结果状语。
4）.在形容词后作状语，只用不定式如：
The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.)
2、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果.伴随状语，就不作目的状语。分
词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词（if, unless, when, while, once（一旦）though, although）
分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：
* doing：用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行。
* having done:表示主动,且动作发生在主句之前Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again.
* being done:表示被动,且前后动作同时进行Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened.
* done:表示被动且完成Destroyed in the storm, the house will be rebuilt.
* having been done: 用来表示被动，且动作发生在主句之前
Having been defeated three times, he had to give up.
如: ①Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistakes.
②The teaher came into he room,followed by many students.
③___ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
3.独立成分作状语：
有些分词或者不定式短语做状语，其形式上不受上下文的影响，不需要逻辑主语，无须依着动词形
式;称作独立成分。常见的不需要逻辑主语的动词-ing/-ed形式结构:
Considering (that)…/ Seeing (that)…考虑到……suppos ing (that)…/ Proving/provided (that)/…given (that)… 如果…… generally speaking一般说来frankly speaking 坦白说Judging from… 从……判断talking of 说到…Concerning…关于……
to tell you the truth,…….. 实话实说compared to/with 与…….相比
例：①. Frankly speaking, I don’t agree with what he said. 坦白地说，我不同意他说的话。
②. Supposing he is ill, who will do the work? 假如他病了，谁来做这工作呢？
③. Judging from his accent，he is from the south. 从他口音来看，他来自南方。
4. 独立主格结构：
1）概念：非谓语动词作状语时，他的逻辑主语应该和主句主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句中做状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不使用任何连接词。
2）独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
②名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
③独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，由逗号与主句分开。
3）独立主格结构基本构成形式：名词(代词)+现在分词；过去分词；名词；形容词；副词；不定式；介词短语
①. 名词(代词)+现在分词：例如：
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 天气允许，我们明天去看你
②. 名词(代词)+过去分词：例如：
The test finished（= When the test was finished ），we began our holiday.
③. 名词(代词)+不定式：在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词
如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
例如：Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
④. 名词(代词)+形容词：例如：
Computers very small, we can use them wide电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。
⑤. 名词(代词)+副词：例如：The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.
散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。
⑥. 名词(代词)+名词：例如：
His first shot failure，he fired again．他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。
⑦. 名词(代词) +介词短语：例如：
He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻得红通通的。
⑧. There being +名词（代词）如：
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
⑨. It being +名词（代词）如：
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。4）with，without 引导的独立主格结构：
with ( without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。例如：
①The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. （without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式）
② Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. （without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式）
③典型例题：The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
5）5）区别：独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是独立主格结构转换为状语从句后，它有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致；而分词短语转换为状语从句后，
从句的主语与主句的主语一致。例如：
If time permits, we'd better have a holiday at weekends.
转换为：Time permitting, we'd better have a holiday at weekends.
When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.
转换：Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.
2020年高考：英语知识点高频必考归纳 1.able 用法：be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2.abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3.admit 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。 Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 4.advise 用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 5.afford 用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 6.after 用法：表示在时间、空间之后；be after表示追寻。 Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 o’clock; in 3 days. 7.agree 用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on表示达成一致；agree to表示批准；agree with表示同意某人说的话。 8.alive 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive. 9.allow 用法：allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入，如：Please allow me in. 10.among 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如：He is among the best. 11.and 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。 Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如：Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later. 12.another 用法：表示又一个，泛指，相当于one more的含义。 Note: 不能直接加复数名词，需要与一个数词搭配，如：another 2 weeks. 13.answer 用法：及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。 Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如：answer the phone/door. 14.anxious 用法：be anxious for/about/to do Note: be anxious about表示担心；be anxious for表示盼望得到。 15.appear 用法：不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态。 Note: 还可以作为系动词，与seem同义，表示看起来……。 16.arrive 用法：arrive at表示到一个小地方；arrive in表示到一个大地方。 Note: 引申含义表示得出，如：arrive at a decision/conclusion. 17.ask 用法：ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask for Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：ask that sb. (should) do的形式。 18.asleep 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 通常与动词be及fall搭配；sound asleep表示熟睡。 19.attend 用法：表示参加，后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral等词；也可以表示照顾，照料。 Note: attend to可以表示处理、照料等。 20.attention 用法：pay attention to; draw/catch sb’s attention Note: 写通知时的常用语：May I have your attention, please?
【英语】高考英语非谓语动词真题汇编(含答案) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ in a short period. A．improved B．improving C．to improve D．improve 【答案】A 【解析】 宾语written English与improve之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。 2．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we refused his offer. A．not finishing B．had not been finished C．not having finished D．not finished 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：在这里，our work处在逗号位置，作整个句子的原因状语，这里应填非谓语动词。work和finish存在逻辑上的被动关系，所以应该用过去分词，故选D。 考点：独立主格结构的考查 点评：独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 3．The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world. A．filling B．filled C．being filled D．to fill 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方，充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组：be filled with被……充满，此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去分词做伴随状态，故选B。 4．Workers have been working through the night ________ the bridge safe. A．made B．to make C．being made D．having made 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了使桥安全工人们整夜地工作。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。
非谓语动词（不定式、动名词） 【考点概述】 非谓语动词的本意是不能做谓语的词性，但是它具有谓语动词的性质。非谓语动词是英语中特有的，在汉语中没有此概念。所以在掌握此语法是比较困难的，在平时的备考之中应注意多多练习。 【考点释义】 考点一：不定式 （1）构成：to+动词原形（do）如： I like to swim. 注意：不定式有省“to”的不定式和不省“to”的不定式两类，但多数以不省“to”的不定式为主。如：I heard him (to)sing. 我听到他在唱歌。 （2）句法功能： 1. 作主语 在英语中为了避免头重脚轻，当不定式作主语时有时主语太长时我们用形式主语“it”来作“形式主语”，将真正主语移植动词不定时之后。形式主语也就是我们所说的“不定式的复合结构”。其构成为“It +be +(for/of sb) to do sth. 如： ① It is very important ( us) to study English. = To study English is very important for us. 学英语对我们来说是很重要的 ② It is very kind ( you) to help me. = To help me is very kind of you. 你帮助我太好了。 【易错警示】我们在区别“of”和“for”的方法如下： 当介词“of”或“for”后面接的代词与前面形容词之间能否构成主谓逻辑关系就决定是用介词“of”或“for”。如果能够成主谓逻辑关系时我们使用介词“of”，反之则用介词“for”。例如上述两个例子。 ①It is very important (for us) to study English. Us is very important.（不成立） 由于不能构成主谓关系，所以用介词“for”。 ②It is very kind (of you) to help me. You are very kind. (成立) 由于构成主谓关系，所以用介词“of”。 2. 作宾语 当动词不定式作宾语是表示的是一种打算、希望、命令等。如: ① I want to read English magazines every day. 我每天想读英语杂志。（表想，希望） ② I determine to go for a long holiday. 我决定去度一个长假。（表打算，决定）【归纳】常接不定式作宾语的动词有如下： want determine decide hope plan except would like 等。 3. 作宾补 当动词不定时作宾补即宾语补足语时宾补与宾语之间就会构成主谓的逻辑关系，宾补成立的条件唯此一条。 接不定式作宾补的动词有：“advice”、“ask”、“force”、“persuade”、
非谓语动词考点总结归纳 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： ①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。 1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。 To ●过去分词 done （无变化） ●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。 2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较
考点一：非谓语作主语。 1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况. eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art. 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等） It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等) 2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等 eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me. 3)一些名词作表语 eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way 动名词做主语时常用的句型有： It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this. /It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that. It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this. There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing 考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页 补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词 1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt. 2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English. 3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story. 2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事
高三英语知识点总结归纳5篇分享 学习高三英语知识点的时候需要讲究方法和技巧，更要学会对高三英语知识点进行归纳整理。 高三英语知识点1 look at a book? 1. 表示阅读性地“看书”(即读书)，一般要用动词read。如： Don’t read such books. 不要读那样的书。 He is reading a book on Shakespeare. 他在看一本关于莎士比亚的书。 但是，在许多情况下，“看书”只需用read 就够了(尤其是泛泛地表示“看书”时)，无需后接book作宾语。如： In the evening I usually read. 晚上我常常看书。 This light is too poor to read by. 这光线太暗不能看书。 I read much less now than I did at school. 我现在看书远比我上学时少。 2. 若不是表示阅读性地“看书”，而只是大概地看一看，比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等，或者回答问题时看看书的某些章节或字句等，或者是考试时悼词楸镜龋此时都不宜用动词read, 可用look at, see 等。如： Can I look at those books? 我可以看看那些书吗?
Jim demanded to see my books. 吉姆要求看看我的书。 Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 请不看书回答我的问题。 Students must not look at their books during examinations. 学生考试不准舞弊。 高三英语知识点2 虚拟条件句 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 l-条件从句与现在事实不一致，句型为：If+主语十过去时，tiag+should (could，would，或might)+动词原形，例如：If l were you，1 would study hard. 2.条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+should(could, would，或might)+have+过去分词，例如：If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term 3.条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：lf+主语+should/were to+do，主语+should( could.)+原形do，例如：If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes. 注意： 1.If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。 2-根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主
高考英语非谓语动词知识点全集汇编及解析(6) 一、选择题 1．The boss __________ during working hours and all the workers __________ in that company. A．forbids smoking; are forbidden to smoke B．forbids to smoke; are forbidden to smoke C．forbids smoking; forbid from smoking D．forbids to smoke; are forbidden from smoking 2．The car moved so fast the it went through the highway-dividing fence, ________ in a collision in which five people died. A．to result B．resulting C．resulted D．having resulted 3．It is easy ________ the consequences of unchecked plant disease: food shortage could kill millions of people and cause unrest in the world. A．imagine B．to be imagined C．imagining D．to imagine 4．After a long journey across the whole of Europe from north to south, they found themselves _________out as well as their clothes. A．wear B．wore C．wearing D．worn 5．Last night, there were millions of people ______________ the opening ceremony live on TV. A．watch B．to watch C．watched D．watching 6．As far as I’m concerned, this book deserves ______ several times. A．being read B．to read C．reading D．read 7．Rose couldn't stand . A．being made fun of B．making fun of C．to make fun of D．being made fun 8．At last the boy had no choice but ________ the bread from the supermarket. A．admit to have stolen B．admit having stolen C．to admit to have stolen D．to admit having stolen 9．____________ with a difficult situation, the Chinese government is taking immediate measures to control the prices, which have been growing too quickly. A．To face B．Having faced C．Faced D．Facing 10．Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A．realizing B．realized C．to realize D．being realized 11．—Did you have a good time at the party? —Thanks. I appreciated______to your home. A．to be invited B．to have invited C．being invited D．having invited 12．The next morning she found the man ___________ in bed, dead. A．lying B．lie C．lay D．laying 13．________ good, the food was sold out soon. A．Tasting B．Tasted C．Being tasted D．Taste
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。
宾语： 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： …… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) , refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing can’t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do（打算）/ doing（意味）be used to do / doing ( get used to doing)(used to do) 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动 定语： 不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Developing countries/ developed countries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, cause等。 Think, consider, believe, suppose, feel等后常用“to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People considered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。 ◆“吾看三室两厅一感觉”---5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）3使（make,
非谓语动词专练100题 1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps. A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting 2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beiji ng in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding 3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain 4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ him a millionaire overnight. A. making B. makes C. to make D. made 5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____. A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning 6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good to his health. A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing 7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things _____. A. remaining; remained to be settled B. remaining; remaining to be settled C. remained; remained to settle D. remained; remaining to settle 8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered 9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon. A. Judged B. Judging C. Having judged D. To judge 10. —Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? — Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _____. A. to play; dancing B. playing; to dance C. to play; to dance D. playing; is to dance 11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late. A. having been addressed B. to have addressed C. to have been addressed D. being addressed 12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003, _____ all seven astronauts aboard. A. having killed B. killing C. being killed D. killed 13. There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired 14. — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations. A. Tom delayed sending B. Tom’s delaying sending C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send 15. I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid _____ them. A. of talking back; to lose B. of talking back; of losing C. to talk back; to lose D. to talk back; of losing 16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _____ the flowing of the smog
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词 I非谓语动词有哪些不冋的形式？— 不定式除一般式.完成式以外还有一进行式 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末」it作形式主语放在句首。 1）Smok ing is prohibited 禁止）here. 2）It is not very good for you to smoke so much. -See ing is believ ing. *-To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。 { no use/good 1 not stoy t, - 0 +Sill.
of little usc/good useless
宾语： 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： ... man age, promise, prete nd, pla n, ofer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, he帮助）,want（想要）,refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ... practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, sta nd, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get dow n to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in … 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别（但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为）。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。 go on （stop/remember/regret）to do/do ing can' t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do （打算）/ doing （意味）be used to do / doing （get used to doing）（used to do） 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动定语： 不定式、ing分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Develop ing coun tries/ developed coun tries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, i nten d,expect, en courage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, caus等0 Think, consider, believe, suppose, fee等后常用“ to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People con sidered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足 语。常见的使役动词有 make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, fee以及look at, listen to 等。
高考英语知识点归纳总结 听力 【常考点】①数字（涉及年代、日期、数量、价格等数字信息，以基数词、序数词、分数、小数、百分比等形式呈现）;②地点（考查内容多以where开头）; ③推断（不仅推断时间地点，还推断人物关系、身份、情感、态度、事情真相等）; ④场景（涉及购物、问路、咨询天气、打电话等场景）。 【技巧点拨】领略主旨大意，概括对话的中心思想：领会弦外之音，揣测真正意图;捕捉细节，确认提到的具体信息;推测谈话背景，辨别角色关系。 【常见错误】听不懂;连音和吞音听不出来;语气、语调和重音辨别偏差;中外语言表达方式差异。 【常考点】①冠词、非谓语动词、主谓一致、时态和语态、情态动词、定语从句、倒装句、强调句和疑问句;②情景对话;③词组的辨析。 【技巧点拨】领略出题意图;分析句子结构i找关键信息词。 【常见错误】逻辑上受母语干扰;忽略关键信息词;忽略选项处前后的附加信息。 完形填空 【常考点】①同义、近义词词组辨析（动词、名词、形容词等）;②固定搭配（动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词等）;③语法（时态和语态、从句连接词等）：④上下文逻辑关系。 【技巧点拨】跳过选项空格通读全文，领略主旨大意;做题时细读全文，结合选项含义及前后文关系、句子结构等，综合考虑作答：先做简单题，结合简单题找出的信息，进一步加深对文章的理解后再做难题：代入所选答案，再次通读全文，检查逻辑语义是否一致。 【常见错误】脱离上下文，只看选项所在单句;语法判断错误，词汇理解错误：缺少常见生活常识或文化背景造成理解偏差，选项误选。 阅读理解 【常考点】①常见文章体裁（记叙文、说明文、议论文）;②常考开头或结尾（主题旬或中心句）;③常考因果关系（because/so/SlFICe/for）④常考表示转折的语句;⑤常考比较关系;⑥常考数字信息（时间、数量等）。
非谓语动词 非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。 （一）动词不定式：动词不定式由―to+ 动词原形‖构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如： （1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other. （2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示―足能…‖的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for