一、知识点
非谓语动词（一）——动词-ing形式
一、动名词
动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语：v.-ing形式作主语表示一般的或抽象的习惯性行为，且常用it作形式主语。
(在“It is no use...”，“It is no good...”，“It is fun...”，“It is a waste of time...”等句型中，通常用动名词作真实主语：)
①It is no use crying over split milk.覆水难收。
___________________________________________ 朗读是很有好处的。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
2．作表语：
In the ant city,the queen's job is laying eggs.
3．作宾语：
口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想
Consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, pardon/excuse admit, delay/put off, fancy 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏
Avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡
Forbid, imagine, risk can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape
短语：stand up, leave off, put off, give up, can't help(stand), devote..to, pay attention to, object to
Eg：They haven't finished building the dam.
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
4．作定语：
He can't walk without a walking-stick.
下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
forget to do sth.忘记做某事to do sth.记住要做某事doing sth.忘记已经做过某事remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事
regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
doing sth.后悔做过某事stop doing sth.停止做某事
try to do sth.努力做某事to do sth.打算做某事doing sth.尝试着做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事
go on to do sth.做完某事接着做另一件事
doing sth.＝go on with sth.继续做同一件事
二、现在分词
一、现在分词的各种构成形式
主动形式被动形式
一般式doing being done
完成式having done having been done
注意：其否定形式是在doing之前加上not。
1．一般式：（谓语动词同时发生）doing
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
2．被动式：being done
He went to the party without being invited. ．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
3．完成式：（谓语动词发生之前）having done
We remembered having seen the movie. 我们记得看过这部电影。
4．完成被动式：having been done
He forget having been taken to Guangzhou at the age of five. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。5．否定式：not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice.
二、现在分词的句法功能：
1、-ing形式作定语
1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语
__________________________________ = a room which is used for reading 阅览室
【英语】高考英语非谓语动词真题汇编(含答案) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ in a short period. A．improved B．improving C．to improve D．improve 【答案】A 【解析】 宾语written English与improve之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。 2．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we refused his offer. A．not finishing B．had not been finished C．not having finished D．not finished 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：在这里，our work处在逗号位置，作整个句子的原因状语，这里应填非谓语动词。work和finish存在逻辑上的被动关系，所以应该用过去分词，故选D。 考点：独立主格结构的考查 点评：独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 3．The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world. A．filling B．filled C．being filled D．to fill 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方，充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组：be filled with被……充满，此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去分词做伴随状态，故选B。 4．Workers have been working through the night ________ the bridge safe. A．made B．to make C．being made D．having made 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了使桥安全工人们整夜地工作。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。
最新高考英语谓语动词与非谓语动词 一、谓语动词与非谓语动词 英语实义动词根据其在句子中充当的成分可分为谓语动词 与非谓语动词。谓语动词在使用时，有时态，语态和主谓一致的语法形式变化。 主谓一致是指谓语动词要与其主语保持人称与数量的一致，谓语动词的语态有主动词语态与被动语态两种，当主语为动作的发出者或状态的引起者时，谓语动词用主动语态，当主语为动作的承受者或因外物引起的状态的时谓语动词用被 动语态。 非谓语动词，顾名思义就是指动词在句子中充当除谓语之外的语法成分。 非谓语动词没有人称与数量的限定，所以也称之为非限定动词。非限定动词有体态和语态两种形态变化。非限定动词的语态取决于非限定动词的逻辑主语，非限定动词作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语；非限定动词作定语时，其逻辑主语为其修饰的那个词；非限定动词作宾语补语时其逻辑主语为宾语。在解非限定动词题时，先分析非限定动词在句子中
的语法成分，再确定其逻辑主语，根据逻辑主语来确定非限定动词的语态。 如果非限定动词与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，一般体中过去分词可以表被动，若用不定式则需用被动式(to be done)，若用现在分词也需用被动式(being done)。 二、2020年高考对谓语与非谓语动词的考查如下： 2020(全国1卷) ①The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe (探测器) ─ the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess─ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 做谓语动词touched（一般过去时、主动语态） ②Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 做非谓语动词to find（不定式做状语） ③Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon
历年高考英语长难句100例大汇总（上） 1. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，虽然几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎;overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。 简析：关键词other than而不是。 5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. 这些术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，经常会变成不再被说本族语的人们理解的形式。 简析：关键词term术语。 6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves. 它是现在很畅销的许多外语书中的一本。 简析：比喻生动形象。 7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words. 大众传播媒介和政府白皮书(正式报告)在外国词传播过程中起重要作用。 简析：关键词the mass media and government white papers大众传播媒介和政府白皮书(正式报告)。
2015 年高考非谓语动词 1. the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. （安徽卷） A.Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored 2.the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.（北京卷） A.Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch 3.The park was full of people themselves in the sunshine（北京卷） A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy 4.If for the job, you’ll be informed soon. （北京卷） A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted 5.more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. （福建卷） A.Learn B. Learned C. To learn D. To be learning 6.In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, the sense of “information” and " atmosphere".（福建卷） https://www.doczj.com/doc/668332785.html,bine B. combined C. combining D. being combined 7.Video games can be a poor influence if in the wrong hands.（湖南卷） A.to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left 8.what you’re doing today important, because you’re trading a day of your life for it（湖南卷） A.Make B. To make C. Making D. Made 9. ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. （湖南卷） A.Having freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing 10.Much time sitting at a desk, office workers are generally trapped by health problems.（江苏卷） A.being spent B. having spent C. spent D. to spend 11.A fter receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict w ent on all the people who had helped in her career.（陕西卷） A.to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked 12.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home. （陕西卷） A.taking B. taken C. take D. be taken 13.Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him.（四川卷） A.amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. to amaze 14.in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. （天津卷） A.To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing 15.for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. （天津卷） A.To work B. Worked C. To be working D. Having worked 16.Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.（浙江卷）
高考英语非谓语动词知识点全集汇编及解析(6) 一、选择题 1．The boss __________ during working hours and all the workers __________ in that company. A．forbids smoking; are forbidden to smoke B．forbids to smoke; are forbidden to smoke C．forbids smoking; forbid from smoking D．forbids to smoke; are forbidden from smoking 2．The car moved so fast the it went through the highway-dividing fence, ________ in a collision in which five people died. A．to result B．resulting C．resulted D．having resulted 3．It is easy ________ the consequences of unchecked plant disease: food shortage could kill millions of people and cause unrest in the world. A．imagine B．to be imagined C．imagining D．to imagine 4．After a long journey across the whole of Europe from north to south, they found themselves _________out as well as their clothes. A．wear B．wore C．wearing D．worn 5．Last night, there were millions of people ______________ the opening ceremony live on TV. A．watch B．to watch C．watched D．watching 6．As far as I’m concerned, this book deserves ______ several times. A．being read B．to read C．reading D．read 7．Rose couldn't stand . A．being made fun of B．making fun of C．to make fun of D．being made fun 8．At last the boy had no choice but ________ the bread from the supermarket. A．admit to have stolen B．admit having stolen C．to admit to have stolen D．to admit having stolen 9．____________ with a difficult situation, the Chinese government is taking immediate measures to control the prices, which have been growing too quickly. A．To face B．Having faced C．Faced D．Facing 10．Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A．realizing B．realized C．to realize D．being realized 11．—Did you have a good time at the party? —Thanks. I appreciated______to your home. A．to be invited B．to have invited C．being invited D．having invited 12．The next morning she found the man ___________ in bed, dead. A．lying B．lie C．lay D．laying 13．________ good, the food was sold out soon. A．Tasting B．Tasted C．Being tasted D．Taste
高考英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world. A．filling B．filled C．being filled D．to fill 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方，充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组：be filled with被……充满，此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去分词做伴随状态，故选B。 2．115．______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. A．Expressing B．Expressed C．To express D．Having expressed 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了表达他的爱，克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了一条感谢信。用不定式表目的，故选C。 3．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A．to thank B．thanking C．having thanked D．to have thanked 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情，所以选A。 考点：考查不定式 【名师点睛】不定式有一些具体的用法，可以做宾语，定语，状语。还有不定式的不同形式：to do；to be doing；to have done。这题要注意go on to do“继续做不同的事情”和go on doing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。结合语境是关键。 4．Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A．realizing B．realized C．to realize D．being realized 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语
非谓语动词专练100题 1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps. A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting 2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beiji ng in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding 3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain 4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ him a millionaire overnight. A. making B. makes C. to make D. made 5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____. A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning 6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good to his health. A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing 7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things _____. A. remaining; remained to be settled B. remaining; remaining to be settled C. remained; remained to settle D. remained; remaining to settle 8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered 9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon. A. Judged B. Judging C. Having judged D. To judge 10. —Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? — Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _____. A. to play; dancing B. playing; to dance C. to play; to dance D. playing; is to dance 11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late. A. having been addressed B. to have addressed C. to have been addressed D. being addressed 12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003, _____ all seven astronauts aboard. A. having killed B. killing C. being killed D. killed 13. There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired 14. — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations. A. Tom delayed sending B. Tom’s delaying sending C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send 15. I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid _____ them. A. of talking back; to lose B. of talking back; of losing C. to talk back; to lose D. to talk back; of losing 16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _____ the flowing of the smog
谓语动词一直以来都是高考英语语法填空题的必考点。这一考点涉及到时态、语态和主谓一致，尤其是时态。今天小编将近五年高考题中语法填空题涉及的谓语动词进行总结，希望可以为同学们解答这一类题型提供助力。 一、近五年高考英语语法填空谓语动词总结 ▲ 2019年 全国 I 卷 In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 全国 II 卷
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” aw ard, proud Irene 64 (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years. 全国 III 卷 Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 69 (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 浙江卷 One study in America found that students’ grades 62 (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
喜欢 like, love, favor, prefer, be fond of, be delighted/glad/happy to do, be keen on, consider…as their favorite, be interested in, show/have/take interest in, have a passion for,have a preference for, be heavily into…, be fascinated by, be attracted by, have an appetite for, appeal to 想要 would like to do, feel like doing, intend, plan, want, hope, wish, desire, have a strong/burning desire to, be eager to, be dying to, be longing to, be in the mood to do 形容词好词： impressive/intelligent/promising/confident/optimistic/talented/gifted/memorable/challenging /proper/anxious/energetic/enthusiastic/essential/significant/detailed/crowded/fantastic /unforgettable/experienced/expert/precious/valuable/meaningful/proud/convincing… 副词好词： obviously/freely/fluently/efficiently/effectively/properly/independently/sincerely/undoutedly/certainly /definitely/conveniently/consequently… 1.worse still/what is worse/to make things worse 2.to be frank/honest 3.frankly/honestly speaking 4.be concerned about 5.be eager to do sth/for sth 6.in return for 7.in advance/ahead of time 8.thanks to/due to/owing to 9.on arrival 10. a sense of pride/achievement 11.make preparations for our future challenges 12.have trouble/difficulty in doing sth/with sth 13.be talent/gifted for… 14.broaden/expand one's horizons 15.impress us with his humor 16.Father impressed on methe value of hard work. 17.have a positive/negative influence on 18.have a good/bad effect on 19.have an impact on/upon 20.do harm to /be harmful to 21.be of no/little benefit to 22.be beneficial/helpful/useful to 23.owe thanks to sb. 对某人充满感激之情 24.be thankful/grateful to sb 25.Words failed to convey their gratitude to them. 26.be aware of… 27.make the public aware of the importance of protecting trees 28.make it clear to do sth/that… https://www.doczj.com/doc/668332785.html,rm sb of sth 30.remind sb of sth 31.share sth with sb 32. a place/places of interest 33.have a face-to-face interview 34.keep/bear …in mind 35.with the development of economy 36.as time goes by/with time going by 37.reach /arrive at/come to an agreement达成 协议 38.hold an opposite/a different opinion 39.As far as I know,/ As far as I am concerned,/ As far as I can see 40.get/be accustomed to doing 41.concentrate on… 42.fix/focus one’s attention on 43.achieve one’s goal/achieve success 44.apply for a bank loan 45.appeal to everyone to save water 46.be well worth doing 47.be worthy of being done/of your support 48.can’t wait to do sth.
非谓语动词 非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。 （一）动词不定式：动词不定式由―to+ 动词原形‖构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如： （1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other. （2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示―足能…‖的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for
【篇一】关于高考英语句子 开头句型 1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言 2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，... 3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说...... 4.As the proverb says，正如谚语所说的， 5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，... 6.It's generally recognized that... 它普遍认为... 7.It's likely that ... 这可能是因为... 8.It's hardly that... 这是很难的...... 9.It's hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说… 10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是 11.There's no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认 12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是… 13.what's far more important is that... 更重要的是… 【篇二】关于高考英语句子 1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation. A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem). 2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. 3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that... 4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...