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优品课件之英语基础语法――名词性从句

英语基础语法――名词性从句

英语基础语法――名词性从句

一、名词性从句的基本概念

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句,包括作主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

(1)主语从句

就是在复合句中作主语的从句。主语从句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引导。如:

Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否来还是问题。

That China is a great socialist country is well known

一、概说

名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再次是表语从句,而同位语从句则很少考查。

二、名词性从句的一般引导词

1. 连接词 that 只起连接作用,没有任何意思,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略,但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如:

I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。

2. 连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分,但有自己的意思,表示“是否”;引导宾语从句时,可换成 if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。如(from yygrammar ):

He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句,不能用 if 代替 whether)

3. 连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等,均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如:

That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。

Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。

4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等,也各自有自己的意义,在从句中作状语。如:

The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。

When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。

Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。

三、名词性从句的重要引导词

1. what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词,它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是:一是表示“什么”,带有疑问意味;二是表示“…所…的”,相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。如:

I don’t know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么。

I don’t know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。

2. what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词,其后修饰名词。如:

I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。

He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。

注:what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词,并且后接不可数名词时,有时可有little修饰,两者的区别是:what+不可数名词=所有的都,what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如:

What friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在国外。

We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。

. 众所周知,中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。

注:为避免头重脚轻,使句子平衡,常用it作形式主语,而将主语从句后置。如上述第二例常说成:

It is well known that China is a great socialist country.

但是,由连接代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。如:

What he found surprised me greatly. 他的发现使我非常吃惊。Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。(2)表语从句

就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。引导表语从句的连接除与引导主语从句的连接词外,还有as if, as though。如:

The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 问题是他能否单独做这件事。

It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。

注意:要区分以下句式:

1. that’s why+结果;that’s because+原因。

2. the reason why /for…is that…

He is absent. That’s because he is ill. 他缺席,这是因为他生病了。

He is ill. That’s why he i s absent. 他病了,这就是他缺席的原因。

The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。

(3)宾语从句

就是在复合句中作宾语的从句。引导这宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词基本相同。如:

They didn’t say which they wanted. 他们没有说他们想要哪一个。

I am sure (that) no harm will ever come to you. 我肯定你永远不会受伤害。

I was surprised at what has happened.我对发生的事感到惊讶。

注意:当think, believe, suppose等的疑问式后面跟连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句时,习惯上将这些连接词置于句首,即“连接代/副词+do you think /believe /expect+宾语从句的其余部分?”如:

Who do you think is the best player this year? 你认为今年谁

是最佳运动员?

What do you suppose you will do after school? 你想放学后干什么?

(4)同位语从句

就是在句中作同位语的从句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief 等抽象名词的后面,说明这些词的具体内容或含义。同位语从句大多由that引导,也可由whether, how, when, where, why等引导,但不能由which引导。如:

The idea that the earth is round is not a new one. “地球是

圆的”这种观点并不新鲜。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这们一问题。

I have no idea when he will set out. 我不知他什么时候出发。注:有时,同位语从句并不紧跟在它所说明的词的后面。如:

Th

二、名词性从句的基本要素

A. 连接词

就是引导名词性从句的关连接词。共有四类:

1. 连词that:只起连接作用,没有任何意思,不作任何句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略。

2. 连词whether:有“是否”之意,但不作句子成分;引导宾语从

句时,还可用if。

3. 连接代词:who(m), whose, which, what等均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。

4. 连接副词:when, where, why, how等,有意义,在从句中作状

语。

5. whoever, whatever, whichever等也可引导名词性从句,意为“无论/不管……”。

注意:连接词必须位于从句的最前面。

关于连接词的用法,请参见后文。

B. 语序

必须与陈述句语序相同:主语+谓语动词。如:

译:我不知道他去哪里了。

误:I don’t know where has she gone.

正:I don’t know where she has gone.

C. 时态一致

若主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态;若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,其谓语动词必须用某种过去时态。如:

She said that his father had gone to Beijing. 他说他父亲去北京了。(had不能用has)

注:宾语从句是一个客观真理时,可以不一致。如:

She told me that the earth goes around the sun. 他告诉我地球围绕太阳旋转。

e whole truth came out at last that he was a wol

f in sheep’s clothing. 真相终于大白了,他原来是一只披羊皮的狼。学习名词性从句应注意的两个问题一、词序问题

名词性从句总是用陈述句词序,则不能使用疑问句词序,尤其是当名词性从句由“疑问词”引导时,不能受疑问句的影响而误用疑问句词序:

误:I didn’t know where did he live.

正:I didn’t know where he lived. 我不知道他住哪儿。

误:Who will he marry remains unknown.

正:Who he will marry remains unknown. 他同谁结婚还不知道。

二、时态问题

由于由when引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句要用现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态,所以许多同学容易受此影响在when和if引导名词性从句时也用现在时表示将来意义。请看几题:

(1) I don’t know if he ________ or not tomorrow.

A. come

B. comes

C. will come

D. is coming

此题答案选C,句中if引导的不是条件状语从句(if≠如果),而是宾语从句(if=是否),句意为“我不知道明天他是否会来。”(from yygrammar )

(2) I don’t know if she ________, but if she ________ I will let you know.

A. comes, comes

B. will come, will come

C. comes, will come

D. will come, comes

答案选 D,第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句,第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。

(3) “When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.”

A. comes, comes

B. will come, will come

C. comes, will come

D. will come, comes

答案选 D,第一个 when 引导的是主语从句,第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。

另外,当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句通常要用过去的某种时态与之呼应(表客观真理时除外):

The teacher told us that he knew everything. 老师告诉我们他知道一切。

The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。

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名词性从句 从句是一个有引导词的SV结构在一个大的SV结构中承担某个成分,引导词可能在从句中作某个成分,也可能不作成分,仅仅起到连接作用。 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。判断从句的性质主要是根据从句在更大的SV结构当中的位置:主语从句要么位于句首,要么前面有it作形式主语则位于句尾;宾语从句位于动词后面或介词后面;表语从句位于系动词之后;同位语从句通常位于表示有内容的抽象名词(advice、demand、doubt、evidence、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、possibility、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word)之后。 名词性从句的引导词有三种:连接代词、连接副词、从属连词。 连接代词: what: 指物,在从句中通常作主语、宾语、表语,有时可以作定语;以感叹句的语序引导从句。 which: 指人或物,意为“某些人或物中哪一个”,在从句中通常作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 who: 指人,在从句中通常作主语、宾语、表语。 whom: 指人,在从句中通常作宾语。 whose: 指人,在从句中作表语或定语。 whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever等引导名词性从句时和加-ever之前的词的句法功能是相同的。 What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. “What is harder to establish”是一个主语从句,“whether the productivity revolution is for real”是一个表语从句,“that...over”是一个定语从句。 What motivated him was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”--ensuring only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. “What motivated him”是一个主语从句,“only ... benefits”是一个宾语从句。 That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota. “what...quota”是一个表语从句,其中包含一个时间状语从句。 这正是挪威在全国范围内实施企业性别配额时所发生的情况。 连接副词: when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等引导名词性从句时在从句中通常作状语(偶尔可以作表语或宾语)。 The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots.

英语语法与词汇详解 名词性从句

英语语法与词汇详解名词性从句一、什么是名词性从句? ①在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。 ②相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。 ③名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从 句。 ②通常由从属连词that,whether, if和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever 以及连接副词how, when, where, why 等词引导。

③that在句中无词义,只起连接作用,但不可省略④连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义,又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成 分。 ⑤例句: ->What he wants to tell us is not clear.[他要跟我们说什么还不清木木1 JEo J ->Who will win the match is still unknown .[谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。] ->It is known to us how he became a writer.[我们者B知道他是如何成为一名作家的。] ->Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.[英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。]

为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型有: ->It+be+名词+that 从句>It+be+形容词+that从句 -> It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句>止+不及物动词+that从句 三、宾语从句①用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 ②引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句和表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 ③由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。 ->We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.[我们绝不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。]注:在demand, order, suggest, decide, insist, desire,request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用"(should ) +动词原形〃。 ->I insist that she ( should ) do her work alone .[我坚持要她自己工作。]>The commander ordered that troops ( should ) set off at once.

英语语法:名 词 性 从 句

英语语法:名词性从句 名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。我在这里整理了相关学问,快来学习学习吧! 英语语法:名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句作及物动词宾语作介词宾语that一般不省略可以省略一般不省略一般不省略一般不省略 Whether/if〔是否〕放于句首时只用whether用whether/if均可,但有区分只用whether只用whether只用whether特殊疑问词留意语序要用陈述语序名词性关系从句留意语序要用陈述语序一、that 从句 1、主语从句 (1)that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有: It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,prob able,etc.)+that从句 It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句 It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句 (2)that可以省略,但that从句位于句首时,that不能省略。 2、宾语从句 (1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think, make, consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。

小学英语语法名词性从句

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) It is +形容词+从句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是…(3) It is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… It appears that…似乎… (4) It +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… It is said that…据说… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: (1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2)It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (3)It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely? 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:

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