名词性从句课件-名词性从句课件名
词性从句PPT
主语She came．/ My head aches.主语＋及物动词She likes English.主语＋系动词She is happy．主语＋双宾动词She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主语＋宾补动词She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the +beThere is a book on the desk. ＋不及物动词＋宾语＋主语补语(表语）＋间接宾语＋直接宾语＋宾语＋宾语补语简单句基本句型实例简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语方式地点时间I bought a hat children ran ate our
meal in car stopped out the function of each noun in the following sentences: world loves nature.is power . Chinese are 名词性从句• 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语{His job is he does is important.表语This is his is what he does every day.{宾语{I don’t like his don’t like what he does every day.同位语{I don’t know about the man, Mr. don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.什么叫名词性从句？• • 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句( (Noun ClausesNoun Clauses））• • 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 复合句中能担任复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同主语、宾语、表语、同位语位语等等, 它在它在• • 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、
表语从句句、表语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句主语从句、宾语从名词性从句noun clause主语从句subject clause 宾语从句object clause表语从句predicative clause同位语从句appositive clause主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which;副词when ,where, how, why 等.如: he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.) he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)We believe ( t h at ) h e is h on est .I t old h im ( t h at ) I w ou ld com e back soon .He said ( t h at ) h e w ou ld g o t h ere t h e n ext d ay an d t h at h is fam ily w ou ld n ’t g o t h ere.宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语.引导词有连词that (that 常可省略),whether,if; 代词有who, whose,what ,which;副词when ,where, how, why 等.如: 表语从句
在复合句中作主句的表语.引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which;副词when ,where, how, why 等.如: Th e problem is t h at w e d id n ’t g et in t ou ch w it h h im .Th is is h ow Hen ry solved t h e problem . His su g g est ion is t h at w e ( sh ou ld ) fin ish t h e w ork at on ce.如果句子的主语是suggestion,等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion 等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词that ;少数情况下也可用连接副词等.如: thought that we might succeed excited idea that they should try a second time is worth suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed willbe discussed tomorrow. 名词suggestion,等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.What are noun
clauses?His story is he said is heard his heard what he listen to his listen to what he is his is what he idea of going there is idea that we go there is clauseObject clauseObject clause aftera prepositionPredictive clauseAppositive clausePractice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类 1. At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the She wondered if the buses would still be The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark When we will start is not I had no idea that you were her clauseObject clausePredicative clauseObject clauseSubject clauseAppositive clause名词性从句中的连接词有:连词:that / whether / as if(though);连接代词: what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词: where / when /
why / how / wherever / whenever。
引导词• 句型转换• are good doctors. He told us. →He told us thatthey were good doctors.• 2. He hadn’t said anything at the meeting. The fact surprised us.→The fact that he hadn’t said anything at the meeting surprised us. 总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用that引导。your sister get up early? Do you know? →Do you know i f/ whethergets up early? animals have the same senses as humans? I often wonder. →I often wonder if/ whetherthe same senses as humans. your sister animals have 总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。
名词性从句 1. 什么是名词性从句 名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词的从句。它可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等成分，起着名词的作用。名词性从句通常由连接词引导，常见的引导词有：that、whether、if、who、whom、whose、which、what等。 2. 名词性从句的类型 名词性从句有三种类型：主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 2.1 主语从句 主语从句是指在句子中作主语的名词性从句。它通常由连 接词“that”引导，也可以由连接词“whether/if”引导。主语从句在句子中起到主语的作用，常见的句型有： •That he is late is a problem.（他迟到是个问题。） •Whether/if it will rain tomorrow is uncertain.（明天是否会下雨还不确定。）
2.2 宾语从句 宾语从句是指在句子中作宾语的名词性从句。它通常由连接词“that”引导，宾语从句常见的动词有：believe、think、know、hope、wonder、ask等。宾语从句在句子中起到宾语的作用，常见的句型有： •I believe that he is telling the truth.（我相信他在说真话。） •She asked me if I could help her.（她问我是否能帮她。） 2.3 同位语从句 同位语从句是指在句子中作同位语的名词性从句。它通常由连接词“that”引导，同位语从句一般紧跟在名词之后，用来解释说明该名词的内容。常见的句型有： •The news that he won the prize is exciting.（他获奖的消息令人激动。） •I have no idea that he is coming.（我不知道他要 来。）
名词性从句课件-名词性从句课件名 词性从句PPT 主语She came．/ My head aches.主语＋及物动词She likes English.主语＋系动词She is happy．主语＋双宾动词She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主语＋宾补动词She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the +beThere is a book on the desk. ＋不及物动词＋宾语＋主语补语(表语）＋间接宾语＋直接宾语＋宾语＋宾语补语简单句基本句型实例简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语方式地点时间I bought a hat children ran ate our
meal in car stopped out the function of each noun in the following sentences: world loves nature.is power . Chinese are 名词性从句• 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语{His job is he does is important.表语This is his is what he does every day.{宾语{I don’t like his don’t like what he does every day.同位语{I don’t know about the man, Mr. don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.什么叫名词性从句？• • 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句( (Noun ClausesNoun Clauses））• • 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 复合句中能担任复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同主语、宾语、表语、同位语位语等等, 它在它在• • 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、
名词性从句 何谓名词性从句 在英文中，名词或名词性短语在句子中充当四种句子成分：主语，宾语，表语，和同位语。名词从句就是用三种句子来分别充当另外一个句子的四种句子成分。 1.陈述句作句子成分，要在陈述句句首加上that Eg：That English is important is an undoubted fact. I’ve learned that love, not time heals all wounds. My idea is that the child should be sent to school. The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. *为什么要加that That English is important is an undoubted fact. 主语从句谓语部分 假如把that去掉，上句就变成了：English is important is an undoubted fact. 那么这句话就有两个中心谓语部分，即is important 和is an undoubted fact。但是，在英文中，句子的核心意思主要是靠谓语部分来表达的，一个句子只表达一个核心意思，也就是说只能有一个谓语部分。 2.一般疑问句作句子成分用whether或if引导 Eg: Will he come to my party Whether he will come to my party makes no differences to me. Does he need my help I don't know if/whether he needs my help. Will people live on the moon someday My question is whether people will live on the moon someday. Is there life on other planets Scientists have argued over the question whether there is life on other planets, *if 一般只用于引导宾语从句，而whether可以引导包括宾语从句在内的其他从
1．名词性从句定语从句状语从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 （一）引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who whose whom what which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when where why how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、从属连接词：that whether if as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if whether as if 虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词（从属连词）whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if 都用不上时，才用that 作连接词（that 本身无任何含义）。 （二）主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g. Who kept the door open all night was unkonwn. 2、用it 作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g. It doesn?t matter so much whether you will come or not. 3、that 引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. It made us surprised that he…（三）表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g. The question was who could go there. 2、引导表语从句的连接词that 有时可省去。 e.g. My idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work. （四）宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that 一般可省略。e.g. I hope that everything is all right. 2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which 或if 连接，要分别用what 或whether。e.g. I?m interested in whether you?ve finished the work.. I?m interested in what you?ve said. 3、whether 与if 都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。 e.g. I wonder if it doesn?t rain. ②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether 改成if，容易当成条件句理解）③宾语从句中的whether 与or not 直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g. I don?t know whether or not the report is true. I don?t know whether/ if the report is true or not. ④介词后的宾语从句要用whether 引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether 也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time. They don?t know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time. （五）同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news fact idea suggestion promise 等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。 e.g. I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 名词性从句详解： 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在复合句中起名词的作用，这四种从句合称名词性从句。它们在主句中充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语，都不能用逗号与主句分开。注：句中划线部分为从句 ■主语从句 1、定义：先找到句子的谓语，主句的谓语前面的从句，叫做主语从句。Why he left wasn?t important.wasn?t 是主句的谓语动词，why he left 做主语从句That she became an artist may have been due to her father?s influence.may have been due 是主句的谓语动词，that she became an artist 做主语从句 2、借助形式主语it，主语从句放在后面①由that 引导的主语从句可以放在主语的位置，这时that 不可以省略。例如：That prices will go up is certain. that 主语从句放在句首的情况不是很常见，绝大部分主语从句都借助形式主语it，主语从句放在后面。It is strange that he knows nothing about it. It is a pity that he can?t swim. It happened that he wasn?t in that day. It is said that there has been an earthquake in India. 在口语中，用it 做形式主语时，主语从句的that 可以省略。②wh-疑问词引导的主语从句，可以放在句首第一组，也可以借助形式主语it 第二组。第一组：When he?ll be back depends much on the weather.How it was done was a mystery.Whether we?ll succeed remains to be seen.第二组：It is uncert ain whether the game will be held.It?s a puzzle how life began.It doesn?t matter much where we live.Is it known where he went？ ■宾语从句1、定义：及物动词第一组和介词第二组的后面可以接从句做宾语，叫做宾语从句。第一组I guessthat we?ll leave soon.He asked when we would be in London.She informed me that she was to send for it the next day.that 可以省略I?ll tell you what I read in today?s paper.第二组I?ll find out whether she?s interested in going.Can you give us a description of what has happened. She was shocked by what she had seen. 2、借助形式宾语it，that 引导的宾语从句放在后面。I?ve heard it said that you have won a scholarship. 分析：it 在句中做形式宾语，said 做宾语补足语，that you have won a scholarship 是真正的宾语。She has seen to it that all the children are well taken care of. it 分析：在句中做形式宾语，that all the children are well taken care of 是真正的宾语。 ■表语从句1、定义：系动词的后面可以接句子做表语，叫做表语从句。The fact is that she never liked him. That is not what I meant. The question is who is responsible for what has happened. She is no longer what she used to be. 2、注意：①The reason Hollywood was a good place for making movies was that the sun shines there every day. 分析：the reason 做主语时，表语从句用that 引导。②引导表语从句的that 一般不省略。 ■同位语从句1、定义：有些名词的后面可以跟that 引导的从句，说明这个名词的内容，这样的从句叫做同位语从句。所以，只有可以有内容的名词才可以接同位语从句，例如：fact，message，idea，possibility，conclusion，thought，news，order，report，rumor 等等。that 在从句中不做成分，但是不能省略。He had the feeling that he would not see her again.I?ve
名词性从句Nominal Clause 一、引导名词性从句的关联词that, whether和if 连词that本身无意义，有时可省略；whether和if本身有意义，均不能省略。That和whether 可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句或主语从句。Whether可以作介词宾语，后面可以接介词不定式，而if则不能。Whether引导的句子可以放在复合句的句首，而if 引导的从句只能放在谓语动词后面。连接宾语从句时，if和weather可以互换。动词wonder 可以接if或whether从句，也可以接that从句。动词doubt（怀疑，不知道）的肯定句接if 或whether从句，但否定式don’t doubt和疑问式Do you doubt要接that从句（doubt作“不信”解，表示强烈的不相信时，可接that从句）。这三个连词在句中只起连接作用，不担任句子成分。 That he survived the accident is a miracle. 他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。（主语从句） Whether（不用if）she comes or not makes no difference. 她来不来都没有关系。（主语从句） It is doubtful whether（可用if）he is coming. 他是否来不得而知。（主语从句，但不在句首） I don’t know whether（可用if）he will attend the concert. 我不知道他是否去参加音乐会。（宾语从句） I haven’t settled the question of whether（不用if）I’ll lend him the money. 我还没有决定是否把钱借给他。（作介词的宾语） He didn’t know whether（不用if）to get married or to wait. 他不知道是现在结婚，还是等等再说。 I don’t doubt that（不用if或whether）he will come soon. The question whether（不用if）he should join the team has not been decided upon.（同位语从句）The question is whether（不用if）it is worth trying.（表语从句） Tell him whether you need the book. 告诉他你是否需要这本书。（宾语从句，“是否”） Tell him if you need the book. 如果你需要这本书，就告诉他。（状语从句，“如果”） I doubt that she will stay there. 我不相信她会留在那。（不相信） I doubt whether she will stay there. 我怀疑她是否会留在那。（怀疑） I doubt that she is guilty.（=I don’t think…） I doubt whether (if) she is guilty.（=I am not sure…） 我不知道她是否有罪。 I suspect that she is guilty.（=I think…） 我怀疑她有罪。
名词性从句课件高中英语名词性从句详细讲解【ppt 名词性从句noun clause主语从句subject clause宾语从句object clause表语从句predicative clause同位语从句appositive clause请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I don’t think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?(同位语从句)Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.(主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(定从)(主从)? 引导名词性从句的连接词：? that（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分）? whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）? as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）? 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分?连接代词： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever ?连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分?不可省略的连词：?1. 介词后的连词?2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 或介词之后。1.She did not know what had happened.(作动词的宾语)宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 2. Our suess depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. I am afraid (that) I’ve made a
名词性从句( Noun Clause ) ----- T eaching Plan 1. Background information: Lesson duration: 90 minutes Teaching aids: blackboard, chalk, ppt, computer, projector Students: 40 Senior high school students, Grade 3 Type of lesson: grammar Teaching topic: 名词性从句( Noun Clause) 2. Teaching objectives: Firstly, ensure students to get a general understanding about Noun Clause, including its definition, function, classification and so on. Secondly, make sure students can grasp the way to do such kind of grammar questions. Thirdly, get students to be familiar with it and know how to use it in writing and so on. 3. Teaching contents : General knowledge about Noun Clause with examples. 重难点：引导名词性从句不可省略的连词； 句式It+be+n./adj/-ed 从句( that, whether, etc.)；whether 与if 均为“是 否”，但只用whether 的情况。 4. Teaching materials: 以课本内容为基础，以ppt 展示内容为主，参考书为辅。参考近年关于此知识点的题目5. Teaching Procedures:
名词性从句 名词性从句是一种具有名词性功能的非独立分句。其中包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 一、主语从句--从句充当主语 1）that 引导的主语从句 That位于句首，引导表示肯定含义的从句 That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us. that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有： ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ It is certain that she will do well in her exam. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ It is no surprise that our team has won the game. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ It happened to me that I had been away when he called. 其他引导词引导的主语从句 引导词含义引导词所做成分相当于例句 what 某物主语、宾语something that What I need is time. whether 是否连接词/ Whether it is true remains a question. who 谁主语/ Who will go there is not certain. whom 谁宾语/ To whom you’ll speak remains to be seen. whoever 无论谁主语any one who Whoever breaks law will be punished. whomever 无论谁宾语anyone who To whomever you give the book is none of my business. Whatever you do means a lot to me. whatever 无论什么主语、宾语anything that/which when 何时时间状语/ When we start is not decided. where 何地地点状语/ Where we go is not decided. why 为什么原因状语/ Why we is late is unknown. how 怎样方式状语/ How he goes there is a puzzle. Exercise: 1.It gives his life a flying start ______ he has gone aboard for further education. A.what B.when C.that D.how 2.-- Did Mr. Jones leave office? -- No.________ was lying. A.Those who told you that B.No matter who told you C. Whoever told you that D.Whoever told you that 3._________matters most in learning English is enough practice.
名词性从句 在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语的句子，分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。因为它们起名词的作用，所以又叫名词性从句。 英语中的从句必须使用陈述语序，这是高考考查的热点之一。如： What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child. We can overcome any difficulty, however great it is. 主语从句 that引导的主语从句 that无实际意义，只有连接主从句的功能，在从句中不担任句子成分。 在正式语体中，为了上下文的衔接或者为了强调that-从句的内容，可将that-从句置于句首，that不可省略：That the driver could not control his car was obvious. That the crime was done deliberately is quite clear. That Al should have married her isn’t surprising. That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely. that从句做主语通常用形式主语it，将that-从句置于句尾，这时that有时可省。 It seems unlikely that she will refuse the offer. It isn’t surprising (that) AL should h ave married her. It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. 如果以that-从句为主语的句子是疑问句或感叹句，那就只能用先行it结构。 Is it probable that they will come tomorrow? Is it true that he should take the risk? Is it any wonder that electronic computers are so metimes called “thinking machines”？ Does it matter that childish camera tricks（摄影技巧）are borrowed from old movies? Isn’t it amazing that so many passengers were unhurt in the accident? that从句做主语用形式主语it 的句型有： 1) It + be + 形容词+ that-从句 It is clear to me that he was telling the truth, because I felt the same way. It is quite evident that a storm is coming. It is certain that William will do well in his exam. (=William is certain to do well…) It is quite likely that he will let you down（使你失望）. (= He is likely to let you down.) 表示建议、命令、要求等意义时，that-从句的谓语动词常用should+动词原形，should可以省略。 It is appropriate that he (should) get the post. It is best that he (should) go. It is essential that he (should) be here by the weekend. It is important that we (should) work out a plan to cope with the crisis. 在possible，not impossible后面的that-从句中也可用情态动词may，might等。 It is possible that she may not be able to come on time. Traffic jam, you know. It is just possible (that) the Joneses will/might come as well. It is not impossible that I may change the complexion of my play. 在impossible后的that-从句中常用should+动词原形。 It is impossible that he should have made a mistake like that. 表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that-从句的谓语动词也常用should+动词原形。 It isn’t surprising that Al shoul d have married her. It is regrettable that they should leave so soon. It’s right that you should feel that way. It is strange that no one should have objected to the plan. It is most unfortunate that she should have made such a blunder.
名词性从句 一、定义和分类 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句中的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 二、主语从句的定义:整个句子做主语就叫主语从句 简单句结构：主谓宾或主系表 名词可以做主语，所以主语从句的结构是：句子+Vt.+宾语或句子+Vi.或句子+be+表语。 1）在陈述句中，用连词that引导，并且主语从句中的that 是不能省略的。 例如：他将成为一个老板是不可能的。 He will be a boss is impossible. (W)That he will be a boss is impossible. (R) 我努力学习使得我妈妈很高兴。 I study hard makes my mother happy. (W) That I study hard makes my mother happy. (R) 2）在一般疑问句中，用连词whether或if，它们不充当任何成分，但是不能省略，而且句子要用陈述语气。例如：他是否是一个老师不重要。 If he is a teacher is not important. (W) Whether he is a teacher is not important. (R) 他明天是否能来仍然是个问题 Whether he will be able to come tomorrow remains a question。 注意：在一般疑问句中，主语从句只能用whether，不能用if引导。 3）在特殊疑问中，用特殊疑问词作连词，句子要用陈述语气。 例如：他在哪是个谜。Where is he is a puzzle. (W) Where he is is a puzzle. (R) 你多少岁都没关系。How old are you doesn’t matter. (W) How old you are doesn’t matter. (R) 无论你说什么都是对的。Whatever you said is all right。 他为什么来这里还是不被人所知道的。Why he comes here is unknown. 4）形式主语的用法：英语中，为了避免头重脚轻，主语从句经常后置于句末，并用it充当形式主语。此时若是that引导的主语从句可以省略引导词that It is a pity（that）we have n’t contacted for years。 It has not been decided where the meeting is to be held. 三、宾语从句的定义：整个句子做宾语就叫宾语从句。 名词可以做宾语，所以宾语从句的结构是：主语+Vt.+句子 1）在陈述句中，用连词that引导，并且宾语从句中的that 可以省略 例如：我计划你将在上海参加会议。 I plan（that）you will attend the meeting in Shanghai。 我知道你不喜欢我。I know that you don’t like me。(W) I don’t know（that）you like me。(R) 我认为他不会来参加我的舞会。 I think he won’t come to my party. (W)I don’t think（that）he will come to my party. (R) 我相信那个人不是被Jim 杀的 I believe that man isn’t killed by Jim.(W)I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim. (R) 注意：主句谓语动词中出现think, believe, know, suppose, imagine, expect等词，一定要否定前移。 2）在一般疑问句中，用whether或if引导，但是如果出现or not，只能用whether，句子要用陈述语气。例如：我不知道我是否能来 I don’t know whether（if）I can come。= I don’t know whether I can come or not。 我担心我是否伤了她。 I worry about if I hurt her. (W) I worry about whether I hurt her. (R)
名词性从句 一．概述：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用，这类从句又可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。二．名词性从句连接词
四．if, whether的区别 1.引导主语从句时，如果主语从句放在句首，只能用whether不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导. 2.引导宾语从句时常放在动词know, ask, care, wonder之后，if和whether均可。少数动词，如: leave, put, discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. 。 3.在介词后面的宾语从句中，在表语从句、同位语从句中，表“是否”，只能用whether； 4.whether和if都可以和or not连用,但是whether 之后可以直接跟or not,而if不可以。I do n’t know whether or not I will stay.（只能用whether） 5.在不定式前只能用whether. 如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 五．与“命令、要求、建议”等相关的名词性从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成是“should＋动词原形”或省去should，直接用动词原形。 六．名词性从句以考查引导词为主，同时考查时态，语序，与其它从句的区别以及混同虚拟语气的考查。 一．主语从句 1.主语从句定义：在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句。 That he will succeed is certain. Whether wild life can be well protected is of great importance. Who will go makes no different. Which kind of food is the best is still not certain. What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation. Whoever comes is welcome.
第七章名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句 一、名词性从句的关联词 1. 连词that, that本身没有意义，在宾语可以省略,但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略。 2.连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever.这些词在句中既起连接作用，又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。 3. 连接副词when, where, how, why.这些连接副词在句中既起连接作用，又作状语。 注：名词性从句一律都用陈述句语序 e.g. We didn’t know why she didn’t come. The real measure of success is how happy you are. It’s still a question whether he can buy a ticket. （一）主语从句 1. it引导的主语从句 e.g. That prices will go up is certain. That she was chosen makes a tremendous stir in her village. 注：that引导的主语从句通常不这样放在句首，而是利用形式主语it来完成句子，使句子结构看起来更加平衡。 e.g. It is natural that they should have different views. It is a pity that he can’t swim. It never occurred to me that perhaps she was lying. It is reported that there has been an earthquake in Japan. It may be that you’ll prove yourself the most suitable man. 2. 由连接副词（代词）引导的主语从句 1）可放在句首 e.g. When he’ll be back depends much on the weather. How it was done was a mystery. Whether we’ll succeed remains to be seen. 2）也可以用形式主语it e.g. It was not clear to me why he behaved like that. It was a mystery how the burglars got in. It doesn’t matter much where we live. 3. what引导的主语从句 • e.g. What you said is perfectly true. Whoever comes will be welcome. （二）宾语从句 1. 由that引导的宾语从句(that 可省略） e.g. I felt that she had a strong will. 我感到她有坚强的意志。 Who can guarantee that he’ll keep his word? 谁能保证他会遵守诺言？ I know she was against us. 我知道她反对我。（省略that，适用于口语） 2. 有时用it做形式宾语，从句放到句子后部 e.g. I’ve heard it said that you’ve won a scholarship. 我听说你获得了一项奖学金。 I feel it a terrible thing that my mother should have to toil so endlessly. 我母亲只好这样吃苦受累，我感到太可怕了。 3. 由连接代（副）词引导的宾语从句 e.g. Only you can decide who is the best choice. 只有你能决定谁是最佳人选。